दर्शन
हिंदू दर्शन के छह शास्त्रीय सम्प्रदाय — मूल सूत्र, लिप्यंतरण एवं अनुवाद सहित।
अभी पढ़ें
तर्क और भौतिक जगत
हम कैसे जानते हैं, और जानने योग्य क्या है।
सृष्टि और साधना
सृष्टि का सम्पूर्ण मानचित्र, और मुक्ति तक की साधना।
कर्म और ज्ञान
वेद का सम्पूर्ण पाठ — कर्म-काण्ड और ज्ञान-काण्ड।
दर्शन का अर्थ है देखना या दृष्टिकोण — ये हिंदू दर्शन के छह शास्त्रीय सम्प्रदाय हैं जो वेदों की विभिन्न दृष्टियों से व्याख्या करते हैं। यहाँ सभी छह मूल ग्रंथ उनकी मूल संस्कृत में, IAST लिप्यंतरण तथा हिंदी-अंग्रेज़ी अर्थ सहित उपलब्ध हैं।
What is a Darshana?
दर्शन (darśana) means “seeing” or “viewpoint” — not a belief system to accept but a discipline of inquiry to practise. Six such disciplines accept the authority of the Vedas and are grouped here in their traditional three pairs, each pair reading a shared question from complementary sides.
The Three Pairings · तीन युग्म
Nyaya · Vaisheshika
How we know, and what there is to know
Logic & inference (Nyaya)
Atomism & categories (Vaisheshika)
Sankhya · Yoga
The map of reality, and the path through it
25 tattvas & the three gunas (Sankhya)
The eight-limbed discipline (Yoga)
Purva · Uttara Mimamsa
Reading the Veda front to back
Ritual hermeneutics (Purva)
Inquiry into Brahman (Uttara / Vedanta)
Frequently Asked · अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न
दर्शन (darśana) means "seeing" or "viewpoint." The six classical Darshanas are the orthodox (āstika) schools of Hindu philosophy that accept the Vedas as authoritative: Nyaya (logic), Vaisheshika (atomism), Sankhya (cosmic enumeration), Yoga (discipline), Purva Mimamsa (ritual hermeneutics), and Uttara Mimamsa or Vedanta (inquiry into Brahman). Each reads the same scriptural inheritance through a different lens, and together they form one of the most rigorous philosophical traditions in world history.
Tradition has always read them two at a time, each pair addressing a shared question from complementary angles: Nyaya and Vaisheshika together build a theory of knowledge and a theory of what exists; Sankhya and Yoga together give a map of reality and the practice for realizing it; Purva and Uttara Mimamsa together read the Veda whole, its ritual portion (karma-kanda) and its knowledge portion (jnana-kanda). Studying either half alone was traditionally considered incomplete.
Astika (आस्तिक) schools accept the Vedas as a valid source of knowledge; nastika (नास्तिक) schools do not. The six Darshanas here are all astika. Three major nastika schools, Bauddha (Buddhism), Jaina (Jainism), and Charvaka (materialism), developed alongside them, arguing from outside Vedic authority. They are catalogued below for philosophical completeness, though as independent traditions rather than root texts of the Vedic corpus.
There is no single correct order, but a common path is Sankhya Karika first: at 72 verses it is the shortest of the six, and its map of purusha, prakriti, and the three gunas underlies vocabulary the other schools assume. From there, Yoga Sutras builds the practice on that same map, while Nyaya Sutras and Vaisheshika Sutras develop the logical and physical toolkit in parallel.
No, they are Vedanga’s intellectual descendants, not Vedic revelation itself. Each Darshana is smriti (remembered, composed by a named sage: Gautama, Kanada, Kapila, Patanjali, Jaimini, Badarayana) rather than shruti (directly heard). Their purpose is to systematize and defend claims that the Vedas and Upanishads make, using the tools of logic, ontology, and hermeneutics developed over centuries of debate.
अवैदिक दर्शन
ये सम्प्रदाय वैदिक प्रामाण्य को चुनौती देते हैं — दार्शनिक सम्पूर्णता हेतु यहाँ सूचीबद्ध।
बौद्ध
संस्थापक: Siddhartha Gautama
जैन
संस्थापक: Mahavira (24th Tirthankara)
चार्वाक
संस्थापक: Brihaspati (attributed)