Who Is a Worthy Recipient of Gifts

Verse 1 (13.72.1)

अपूर्वं वा भवेत्पात्रमथवाऽपि चिरोषितम् । दूरादभ्यागतं वाऽपि किं पात्रं स्यात्पितामह ॥

apūrvaṃ vā bhavetpātramathavā'pi ciroṣitam | dūrādabhyāgataṃ vā'pi kiṃ pātraṃ syātpitāmaha

Should a recipient be a newcomer, or one who has long dwelt with us, or one who has come from afar, grandsire? Which of them is the worthy recipient?

Verse 2 (13.72.2)

क्रिया भवति केषांचिदुपांशुव्रतमुत्तमम् । यो नो याचेत यत्किंचित्सर्वं दद्याम इत्यपि ॥

kriyā bhavati keṣāṃcidupāṃśuvratamuttamam | yo no yāceta yatkiṃcitsarvaṃ dadyāma ityapi

For some there is a practice, a supreme and silent vow: "Whatever anyone may ask of us, we shall give it all."

Note on the text: Line 2 is a recension variant of CE 13.37.2c (CE: yo yo yāceta yat kiṃ cit sarvaṃ dadyāma ity uta); kept.

Verse 3 (13.72.3)

अपीडयन्भृत्यवर्गमित्येवमनुशुश्रुम । पीडयन्भृत्यवर्गं हि आत्मानमपकर्षति ॥

apīḍayanbhṛtyavargamityevamanuśuśruma | pīḍayanbhṛtyavargaṃ hi ātmānamapakarṣati

We have heard that this must be done without afflicting one's dependents; for one who afflicts his dependents brings himself down.

Verse 4 (13.72.4)

अपूर्वं चापि यत्पात्रं यच्चापि स्याच्चिरोषितम् । दूरादभ्यागतं चापि तत्पात्रं न विदुर्बुधाः ॥

apūrvaṃ cāpi yatpātraṃ yaccāpi syācciroṣitam | dūrādabhyāgataṃ cāpi tatpātraṃ na vidurbudhāḥ

The wise do not take a person to be a worthy recipient merely because he is new, or has long dwelt with one, or has come from afar.

Note on the text: Line 2 ends तत्पात्रं न विदुर्बुधाः ("the wise do not recognise that as a recipient"); the CE reads तत्पात्रं च विदुर्बुधाः (ca for na), the opposite sense. Wikisource's reading is kept.

Verse 5 (13.72.5)

अपीडया च भूतानां धर्मस्याहिंसया तथा । पात्रं विद्यामतत्त्वेन यस्मै दत्तं न सन्तपेत् ॥

apīḍayā ca bhūtānāṃ dharmasyāhiṃsayā tathā | pātraṃ vidyāmatattvena yasmai dattaṃ na santapet

Without causing harm to beings, and by the non-injury that is dharma, how are we truly to know the worthy recipient, one to whom a gift given will cause no regret?

Note on the text: Line 1 is a recension variant of CE 13.37.5a (CE: apīḍayā ca bhṛtyānāṃ); kept.

Verse 6 (13.72.6)

ऋत्विक्पुरोहिताचार्याः शिष्यसम्बन्धिबान्धवाः । सर्वे पूज्याश्च मान्याश्च श्रुतवन्तोऽनसूयकाः ॥

ṛtvikpurohitācāryāḥ śiṣyasambandhibāndhavāḥ | sarve pūjyāśca mānyāśca śrutavanto'nasūyakāḥ

Priests, house-priests, teachers, pupils, relatives by marriage and kinsmen: all of these are to be honoured and respected, if they are learned and free from envy.

Note on the text: Line 2 is a recension variant of CE 13.37.6c (CE: śrutavṛttopasaṃhitāḥ); kept.

Verse 7 (13.72.7)

अतोऽन्यथा वर्तमानाः सर्वे नार्हन्ति सत्क्रियाम् । तस्माद्गुणैः परीक्षेत पुरुषान्प्रणिधाय वै ॥

ato'nyathā vartamānāḥ sarve nārhanti satkriyām | tasmādguṇaiḥ parīkṣeta puruṣānpraṇidhāya vai

Those who behave otherwise do not deserve respect. Therefore one should test men by their qualities, after careful consideration.

Note on the text: Line 2 is a recension variant of CE 13.37.7c (CE: tasmān nityaṃ parīkṣeta); kept.

Verse 8 (13.72.8)

अक्रोधः सत्यवचनमहिंसा दम आर्जवम् । अद्रोहोऽनभिमानश्च ह्रीस्तितिक्षा दमः शमः ॥

akrodhaḥ satyavacanamahiṃsā dama ārjavam | adroho'nabhimānaśca hrīstitikṣā damaḥ śamaḥ

Freedom from anger, truthful speech, non-violence, self-control, uprightness, freedom from malice and pride, modesty, forbearance, restraint, and tranquillity:

Note on the text: Wikisource repeats दमः in line 2 (ह्रीस्तितिक्षा दमः शमः); the CE has तपः there (hrīs titikṣā tapaḥ śamaḥ). A recension variant; kept.

Verse 9 (13.72.9)

यस्मिन्नोतानि दृश्यन्ते न चाकार्याणि भारत । स्वभावतो निविष्टानि तत्पात्रं मानमर्हति ॥

yasminnotāni dṛśyante na cākāryāṇi bhārata | svabhāvato niviṣṭāni tatpātraṃ mānamarhati

That recipient deserves honour in whom these qualities are seen woven in, firmly settled by nature, and in whom no forbidden deeds are seen, O Bharata.

Note on the text: Line 2 is a recension variant of CE 13.37.9c (CE: bhāvato viniviṣṭāni); kept.

Verse 10 (13.72.10)

तथा चिरोषितं चापि सम्प्रत्यागतमेव च । अपूर्वं चैव पूर्वं च तत्पात्रं मानमर्हति ॥

tathā ciroṣitaṃ cāpi sampratyāgatameva ca | apūrvaṃ caiva pūrvaṃ ca tatpātraṃ mānamarhati

So too one who has long dwelt with you or has only just arrived, one new or one long known: that recipient deserves honour.

Verse 11 (13.72.11)

अप्रामाण्यं च वेदानां शास्त्राणां चाभिलङ्घनम् । अव्यवस्था च सर्वत्र एतन्नाशनमात्मनः ॥

aprāmāṇyaṃ ca vedānāṃ śāstrāṇāṃ cābhilaṅghanam | avyavasthā ca sarvatra etannāśanamātmanaḥ

Denying the authority of the Vedas, trespassing against the scriptures, and lawlessness everywhere: these bring about one's own ruin.

Note on the text: Line 2 is a recension variant of CE 13.37.11c (CE: sarvatra cānavasthānam); kept.

Verse 12 (13.72.12)

भवेत्पण्डितमानी यो ब्राह्मणो वेदनिन्दकः । आन्वीक्षिकीं तर्कविद्यामनुरक्तो निरर्थिकां ॥

bhavetpaṇḍitamānī yo brāhmaṇo vedanindakaḥ | ānvīkṣikīṃ tarkavidyāmanurakto nirarthikāṃ

A brahmin who thinks himself learned and reviles the Vedas, who is devoted to the useless science of reasoning and logic,

Verse 13 (13.72.13)

हेतुवादान्बुवन्सत्सु विजेताऽहेतुवादकः । आक्रोष्टा चातिवक्ता च ब्राह्मणानां सदैवहि ॥

hetuvādānbuvansatsu vijetā'hetuvādakaḥ | ākroṣṭā cātivaktā ca brāhmaṇānāṃ sadaivahi

who airs arguments among the good, a self-styled conqueror who argues against sound reasoning, and who is always abusive and over-talkative toward brahmins,

Note on the text: The CE has a four-line star passage after 13.37.13a (13.37.13b*0284_01-04, on accepting gifts); it is not on the Wikisource page and is not added.

Verse 14 (13.72.14)

सर्वाभिशङ्की मूढश्च बालः कटुकवागपि । बोद्धव्यस्तादृशस्तात नरं श्वानं हि तं विदुः ॥

sarvābhiśaṅkī mūḍhaśca bālaḥ kaṭukavāgapi | boddhavyastādṛśastāta naraṃ śvānaṃ hi taṃ viduḥ

who is suspicious of everyone, foolish, childish and harsh of speech: such a man, my son, is to be recognised, and they call him a dog among men.

Verse 15 (13.72.15)

यथा श्वा भषितुं चैव हन्तुं चैवावसज्जते । एवं सम्भाषणार्थाय सर्वशास्त्रवधाय च । अल्पश्रुताः कुतर्काश्च दृष्टाः स्पृष्टाः कुपण्डिताः ॥

yathā śvā bhaṣituṃ caiva hantuṃ caivāvasajjate | evaṃ sambhāṣaṇārthāya sarvaśāstravadhāya ca | alpaśrutāḥ kutarkāśca dṛṣṭāḥ spṛṣṭāḥ kupaṇḍitāḥ

Just as a dog is set on barking and on biting, so these are set on wrangling and on the destruction of every scripture: men of little learning, bad reasoners, false pandits who are met with and seen.

Note on the text: Corrected हन्तु → हन्तुं (dropped anusvara; an infinitive is wanted, CE hantuṃ) and सृष्टाः → स्पृष्टाः (misprint in Wikisource; dropped conjunct पृ, CE spṛṣṭāḥ). Removed the stray opening backtick before line 3. Line 3 = CE 13.37.15e; line 1 is a recension variant of CE 13.37.15a (CE: avasṛjyate).

Verse 16 (13.72.16)

श्रुतिस्मृती चेतिहासपुराणारण्यवेदिनः । अनुरुन्ध्याद्बहुज्ञांश्च सारज्ञाश्चैव पण्डिताः ॥

śrutismṛtī cetihāsapurāṇāraṇyavedinaḥ | anurundhyādbahujñāṃśca sārajñāścaiva paṇḍitāḥ

One should follow those who know the Shruti and Smriti, the Itihasa and Purana, and the forest teachings, and the widely learned wise men who know the essence.

Note on the text: Removed the stray closing quote and doubled danda before the verse-end mark. Line 1 is a recension variant of CE 13.37.16a (CE: śrutismṛtītihāsādipurāṇāraṇyavedinaḥ); kept.

Verse 17 (13.72.17)

लोकयात्रा च द्रष्टव्या धर्मश्चात्महितानि च । एवं नरो वर्तमानः शाश्वतीर्वर्धते समाः ॥

lokayātrā ca draṣṭavyā dharmaścātmahitāni ca | evaṃ naro vartamānaḥ śāśvatīrvardhate samāḥ

One should attend to the ways of the world, to dharma, and to one's own welfare. A man who lives so prospers for endless years.

Verse 18 (13.72.18)

ऋणमुन्मुच्य देवानामृषीणां च तथैव च । पितॄणामथ विप्राणामतिथीनां च पञ्चमम् ॥

ṛṇamunmucya devānāmṛṣīṇāṃ ca tathaiva ca | pitṝṇāmatha viprāṇāmatithīnāṃ ca pañcamam

Having discharged the debts to the gods, to the sages, to the ancestors, to the brahmins, and, fifth, to guests,

Verse 19 (13.72.19)

पर्यायेण विमुक्तो यः सुनिर्णिक्तेन कर्मणा । एवं गृहस्थः कर्माणि कुर्वन्धर्मान्न हीयते ॥

paryāyeṇa vimukto yaḥ sunirṇiktena karmaṇā | evaṃ gṛhasthaḥ karmāṇi kurvandharmānna hīyate

a householder who is released in due turn by well-cleansed action, and so performs his duties, does not fall away from dharma.

Note on the text: Corrected धर्मानन → धर्मान्न (misprint in Wikisource; the conjunct न्न broken into न + न, CE dharmān na hīyate). Line 1 is a recension variant of CE 13.37.19a (CE: viśuddhena). The CE adds a star line 13.37.19d*0285_01 (pātrāṇām uttamaṃ pātraṃ …) that is not on the page and is not added.