The Kinds of Sons

Verse 1 (13.84.1)

ब्रूहि तात कुरुश्रेष्ठ वर्णानां त्वं पृथक् पृथक् । कीदृश्यां कीदृशाश्चापि पुत्राः कस्य च के च ते ॥

brūhi tāta kuruśreṣṭha varṇānāṃ tvaṃ pṛthak pṛthak | kīdṛśyāṃ kīdṛśāścāpi putrāḥ kasya ca ke ca te

Tell me, father, best of the Kurus, caste by caste, what sons there are: born of what kind of wife, of what kind they are, whose sons they are, and who they are.

Verse 2 (13.84.2)

विप्रवादाः सुबहवः श्रूयन्ते पुत्रकारिणाम् । अत्र नो मुह्यतां राजन्संशयं छेत्तुमर्हसि ॥

vipravādāḥ subahavaḥ śrūyante putrakāriṇām | atra no muhyatāṃ rājansaṃśayaṃ chettumarhasi

Many conflicting views are heard among those who treat of the making of sons. We are bewildered in this matter, O king; you ought to cut through our doubt.

Verse 3 (13.84.3)

आत्मा पुत्रस्तु विज्ञेयः प्रथमो बहुधा परे ॥

ātmā putrastu vijñeyaḥ prathamo bahudhā pare

The son is to be known as one’s own self; he is the first, and the others are of many kinds.

Note on the text: Removed a stray backtick at the start of the line. A single-line verse on the page. Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: it is the first line of the star passage 13,049.002d*0313_01 (headed “bhīṣmaḥ”, inserted after 13.49.2).

Verse 4 (13.84.4)

स्वे क्षेत्रे संस्कृते यस्तु पुत्रमुत्पादयेत्स्वयम् । तमौरसं विजानीयात्पुत्रं प्रथमकल्पितम् ॥

sve kṣetre saṃskṛte yastu putramutpādayetsvayam | tamaurasaṃ vijānīyātputraṃ prathamakalpitam

He who himself begets a son in his own duly consecrated field (wife), know him as the aurasa son, reckoned the first.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0313_02-03.

Verse 5 (13.84.5)

अग्निं प्रजापतिं चेष्ट्वा वराय प्रतिपादिता । पुत्रिका स्याद्दुहितरि सङ्कल्पे वाऽपि वा सुतः ॥

agniṃ prajāpatiṃ ceṣṭvā varāya pratipāditā | putrikā syādduhitari saṅkalpe vā'pi vā sutaḥ

A daughter given to a bridegroom after sacrifice to Agni and Prajapati is a putrika (appointed daughter); and so is a son of a daughter, or one who is a son by declaration.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0313_04-05 (line 2 there reads “saṃkalpenāpi vā sutaḥ”).

Verse 6 (13.84.6)

तल्पे जातः प्रमीतस्य क्लीबस्य पतितस्य वा । स्वधर्मेण नियुक्तो यः स पुत्रः क्षेत्रजः स्मृतः ॥

talpe jātaḥ pramītasya klībasya patitasya vā | svadharmeṇa niyukto yaḥ sa putraḥ kṣetrajaḥ smṛtaḥ

One born on the bed (wife) of a dead man, of an impotent man, or of a fallen man, and appointed according to the proper rule, is remembered as the kshetraja son.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0313_06-07.

Verse 7 (13.84.7)

माता पिता च दद्यातां यमद्भिः पुत्रमापदि । सदृशप्रीतिसंयुक्तो विज्ञेयो दत्रिमः सुतः ॥

mātā pitā ca dadyātāṃ yamadbhiḥ putramāpadi | sadṛśaprītisaṃyukto vijñeyo datrimaḥ sutaḥ

The son whom a mother and father give, with water, in time of distress, joined to them in like affection, is to be known as the dattrima (given) son.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0313_08-09 (CE reads “dāttakaḥ” for “datrimaḥ”).

Verse 8 (13.84.8)

सदृशं तु प्रकुर्याद्यं गुणदोषविचक्षणम् । पुत्रं पुत्रगुणैर्युक्तं विज्ञेयः स तु कृत्रिमः ॥

sadṛśaṃ tu prakuryādyaṃ guṇadoṣavicakṣaṇam | putraṃ putraguṇairyuktaṃ vijñeyaḥ sa tu kṛtrimaḥ

A boy whom a man, discerning in merits and faults, makes his own like himself, endowed with a son’s qualities, is to be known as the kritrima (made) son.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0313_10-11.

Verse 9 (13.84.9)

उत्पद्यते यस्य गूढं न च ज्ञायेत कस्यचित् । स भवेद्गूढजो नाम तस्य स्याद्यस्य तल्पतः ॥

utpadyate yasya gūḍhaṃ na ca jñāyeta kasyacit | sa bhavedgūḍhajo nāma tasya syādyasya talpataḥ

He who is born in secret, and whose begetter no one knows, is called gudhaja; he belongs to the man on whose bed (wife) he was born.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0313_12-13.

Verse 10 (13.84.10)

मातापितृभ्यामुत्सृष्टस्तयोरन्यतरेण वा । यं पुत्रं प्रतिगृह्णीयादपविद्धः स उच्यते ॥

mātāpitṛbhyāmutsṛṣṭastayoranyatareṇa vā | yaṃ putraṃ pratigṛhṇīyādapaviddhaḥ sa ucyate

A son cast off by mother and father, or by one of them, whom another man takes up, is called apaviddha.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0313_14-15.

Verse 11 (13.84.11)

पितृवेश्मनि कन्या तु यं पुत्रं जनयेद्रहः । तं कानीनं वदन्नाम्ना वोढुः कन्यासमुद्भवे ॥

pitṛveśmani kanyā tu yaṃ putraṃ janayedrahaḥ | taṃ kānīnaṃ vadannāmnā voḍhuḥ kanyāsamudbhave

The son whom a maiden secretly bears in her father’s house is called by the name kanina; he belongs to the man who weds the girl.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0313_16-17.

Verse 12 (13.84.12)

या गर्भिणी संस्क्रियते ज्ञाताऽज्ञातापि वा सती । वोढुः स गर्भो भवति सहोढ इति उच्यते ॥

yā garbhiṇī saṃskriyate jñātā'jñātāpi vā satī | voḍhuḥ sa garbho bhavati sahoḍha iti ucyate

When a woman who is with child is married, whether her condition is known or unknown, the child belongs to the husband and is called sahodha.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0313_18-19.

Verse 13 (13.84.13)

क्रीणीयाद्यस्त्वपत्यार्थं मातापित्रोर्यमन्तिकात् । स क्रीतकः सुतस्तस्य सदृशोऽसदृशोपि वा ॥

krīṇīyādyastvapatyārthaṃ mātāpitroryamantikāt | sa krītakaḥ sutastasya sadṛśo'sadṛśopi vā

He who buys a child from its mother and father, for the sake of offspring, has a bought (kritaka) son, who may be like him or unlike him.

Note on the text: Corrected त्वपर्यार्थं → त्वपत्यार्थं (misprint in Wikisource; a mistyped conjunct; the critical edition reads “apatyārtham”). Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0313_24-25.

Verse 14 (13.84.14)

या पत्या वा परित्यक्ता विधवा वा स्वकेच्छया । उत्पादयति पुनर्भूत्वा स पौनर्भव उच्यते ॥

yā patyā vā parityaktā vidhavā vā svakecchayā | utpādayati punarbhūtvā sa paunarbhava ucyate

A woman abandoned by her husband, or a widow acting of her own will, who becomes a wife again and bears a son, bears him called paunarbhava.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0313_20-21.

Verse 15 (13.84.15)

सा चेदक्षतयोनिः स्याद्गतप्रत्यागताऽपि वा । पौनर्भवेन भर्त्रा सा पुनःसंस्कारमर्हति ॥

sā cedakṣatayoniḥ syādgatapratyāgatā'pi vā | paunarbhavena bhartrā sā punaḥsaṃskāramarhati

If she is one whose womb is unbroken, or one who has gone away and come back, she deserves to be consecrated anew by her husband of the second marriage.

Note on the text: Corrected गतप्रत्याङ्गताऽपि → गतप्रत्यागताऽपि (misprint in Wikisource; not a valid word; the critical edition reads “gatapratyāgatā”). Corrected पुनसंस्कार → पुनःसंस्कार (misprint in Wikisource; visarga dropped; the critical edition reads “punaḥ saṃskāram”). Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0314_01-02.

Verse 16 (13.84.16)

मातापितृहीनो यः स्यात्त्यक्तो वा स्यादकारणम् । आत्मानं स्पर्शयेद्यस्तु स्वयंदत्तस्तु स स्मृतः ॥

mātāpitṛhīno yaḥ syāttyakto vā syādakāraṇam | ātmānaṃ sparśayedyastu svayaṃdattastu sa smṛtaḥ

He who is bereft of mother and father, or is cast off without cause, and who offers himself (to another as a son), is remembered as svayamdatta (self-given).

Note on the text: Corrected मातापितृहनो → मातापितृहीनो (misprint in Wikisource; a dropped vowel sign; the critical edition reads “mātāpitṛvihīno” (bereft of mother and father)). Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0313_22-23 (CE has “sakto vā syād akāraṇāt” for the first-line ending).

Verse 17 (13.84.17)

यं ब्राह्मणस्तु शूद्रायां कामादुत्पादयेत्सुतम् । स पारयन्नेव शवस्तस्मात्पारशवः स्मृतः ॥

yaṃ brāhmaṇastu śūdrāyāṃ kāmādutpādayetsutam | sa pārayanneva śavastasmātpāraśavaḥ smṛtaḥ

The son whom a Brahmin begets, out of desire, on a Shudra woman is a corpse (shava) even while he ferries across (parayan); therefore he is remembered as parashava.

Note on the text: Corrected पावयन्नेव → पारयन्नेव (misprint in Wikisource; the etymology of “pāraśava” needs “pārayan”; the critical edition reads “pārayann eva”). Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0315_01-02.

Verse 18 (13.84.18)

दास्यां वा दासदास्यां वा यः शूद्रस्य सुतो भवेत् । सोऽनुज्ञातो हरेदंशमिति धर्मो व्यवस्थितः ॥

dāsyāṃ vā dāsadāsyāṃ vā yaḥ śūdrasya suto bhavet | so'nujñāto haredaṃśamiti dharmo vyavasthitaḥ

The son born to a Shudra of a female slave, or of the slave of a slave, takes a share if permitted: such is the settled rule.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0315_03-04.

Verse 19 (13.84.19)

क्षेत्रजादीन्सुतानेतानेकादश यथोदितान् । पुत्रप्रतिनिधीनाहुः क्रियालोपान्मनीषिणः ॥

kṣetrajādīnsutānetānekādaśa yathoditān | putrapratinidhīnāhuḥ kriyālopānmanīṣiṇaḥ

These eleven sons, beginning with the kshetraja, as they have been named, the wise call substitutes for a son, because of the omission of rites.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0315_05-06.

Verse 20 (13.84.20)

भ्रातॄणामेकजातानामेकश्चेत्पुत्रवान्भवेत् । सर्वांस्तांस्तेन पुत्रेण पुत्रिणो मनुरब्रवीत् ॥

bhrātṝṇāmekajātānāmekaścetputravānbhavet | sarvāṃstāṃstena putreṇa putriṇo manurabravīt

If one among brothers born of the same father has a son, Manu said that through that son all of them have sons.

Note on the text: Corrected प्रातॄणा → भ्रातॄणा (misprint in Wikisource; wrong initial letter; the critical edition reads “bhrātṝṇām”). Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0315_07-08.

Verse 21 (13.84.21)

सर्वासामेकपत्नीनामेका चेत्पुत्रिणी भवेत् । सर्वास्तास्तेन पुत्रेण प्राह पुत्रवतीर्मनुः ॥

sarvāsāmekapatnīnāmekā cetputriṇī bhavet | sarvāstāstena putreṇa prāha putravatīrmanuḥ

If one among all the co-wives of one husband has a son, Manu said that through that son all of them are mothers of sons.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition’s numbered text: star passage 13,049.002d*0315_09-10.

Verse 22 (13.84.22)

आत्मा पुत्रश्च विज्ञेयस्तस्यानन्तरजश्च यः । निरुक्तजश्च विज्ञेयः सुतः प्रसृतजस्तथा ॥

ātmā putraśca vijñeyastasyānantarajaśca yaḥ | niruktajaśca vijñeyaḥ sutaḥ prasṛtajastathā

Know as sons: the self (the son of one’s own body); the one born next after him; the one born of appointment (niruktaja); and likewise the one born of straying (prasritaja).

Note on the text: The page reads “niruktajaḥ” (the page’s commentary explains it); CE 13.49.3c reads “niyuktajaḥ”. Kept as a recension reading.

Verse 23 (13.84.23)

पतितस्य तु भार्याया भर्त्रा सुसमवेतया । तथा दत्तकृतौ पुत्रावध्यूढश्च तथाऽपरः ॥

patitasya tu bhāryāyā bhartrā susamavetayā | tathā dattakṛtau putrāvadhyūḍhaśca tathā'paraḥ

The son of a fallen man’s wife, begotten by her husband when well united with her; and the two sons, the given and the made; and another, the adhyudha.

Verse 24 (13.84.24)

षडपध्वंसजाश्चापि कानीनापसदास्तथा । इत्येते वै समाख्यातास्तान्विजानीहि भारत ॥

ṣaḍapadhvaṃsajāścāpi kānīnāpasadāstathā | ityete vai samākhyātāstānvijānīhi bhārata

And the six apadhvamsajas, and the kanina, and the apasadas: so these have been named. Know them, O Bharata.

Verse 25 (13.84.25)

षडपध्वंसजाः के स्युः के वाऽप्यपसदास्तथा । एतत्सर्वं यथातत्त्वं व्याख्यातुं मे त्वमर्हसि ॥

ṣaḍapadhvaṃsajāḥ ke syuḥ ke vā'pyapasadāstathā | etatsarvaṃ yathātattvaṃ vyākhyātuṃ me tvamarhasi

Who are the six apadhvamsajas, and who are the apasadas? Please explain all this to me as it truly is.

Verse 26 (13.84.26)

त्रिषु वर्णेषु ये पुत्रा ब्राह्मणस्य युधिष्ठिर । वर्णयोश्च द्वयोः स्यातां यौ राजन्यस्य भारत ॥

triṣu varṇeṣu ye putrā brāhmaṇasya yudhiṣṭhira | varṇayośca dvayoḥ syātāṃ yau rājanyasya bhārata

The sons that a Brahmin has in the three castes, O Yudhishthira, and the two that a Kshatriya has in two castes, O Bharata,

Verse 27 (13.84.27)

एको द्विवर्ण एवाथ तथाऽत्रैवोपलक्षितः । षडपध्वंसजास्ते हि तथैवापसदाञ्शृणु ॥

eko dvivarṇa evātha tathā'traivopalakṣitaḥ | ṣaḍapadhvaṃsajāste hi tathaivāpasadāñśṛṇu

and the one born of two castes, marked out in the same way: these are the six apadhvamsajas. Now hear likewise of the apasadas.

Verse 28 (13.84.28)

चाण्डालो व्रात्यवेनौ तु ब्राह्मण्यां क्षत्रियासु च । वैश्यायां चैव शूद्रस्य लक्ष्यास्तेऽपसदास्त्रयः ॥

cāṇḍālo vrātyavenau tu brāhmaṇyāṃ kṣatriyāsu ca | vaiśyāyāṃ caiva śūdrasya lakṣyāste'pasadāstrayaḥ

The Chandala, the Vratya and the Vena are the three marked out as apasadas, born to a Shudra of a Brahmin woman, of Kshatriya women, and of a Vaishya woman.

Note on the text: Corrected व्रात्यवर्णौ → व्रात्यवेनौ (misprint in Wikisource; the castes named are the Chandala, Vratya and Vena, three in all; the critical edition reads “vrātyavenau”). The alignment found no match (the page’s “varṇau” and “tu” differ from CE “venau” and “ca”); this verse is CE 13.49.9.

Verse 29 (13.84.29)

मागधो वामकश्चैव द्वौ वैश्यस्योपलक्षितौ । ब्राह्मण्यां क्षत्रियायां च क्षत्रियस्यैक एव तु ॥

māgadho vāmakaścaiva dvau vaiśyasyopalakṣitau | brāhmaṇyāṃ kṣatriyāyāṃ ca kṣatriyasyaika eva tu

The Magadha and the Vamaka, these two are marked out as a Vaishya’s sons, by a Brahmin woman and a Kshatriya woman; and for a Kshatriya there is only one.

Verse 30 (13.84.30)

ब्राह्मण्यां लक्ष्यते सूत इत्येतेऽपसदाः स्मृताः । पुत्रा ह्येते न शक्यन्ते मिथ्या कर्तुं नराधिप ॥

brāhmaṇyāṃ lakṣyate sūta ityete'pasadāḥ smṛtāḥ | putrā hyete na śakyante mithyā kartuṃ narādhipa

By a Brahmin woman he is marked out: the Suta. Thus these are remembered as the apasadas. These are indeed sons, O lord of men; they cannot be made false.

Verse 31 (13.84.31)

क्षेत्रजं केचिदेवाहुः सुतं केचित्तु शुक्रजम् । तुल्यावेतौ सुतौ कस्य तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥

kṣetrajaṃ kecidevāhuḥ sutaṃ kecittu śukrajam | tulyāvetau sutau kasya tanme brūhi pitāmaha

Some call the kshetraja a son, others the one born of seed. Are these two sons equal? Whose are they? Tell me that, grandfather.

Verse 32 (13.84.32)

रेतजो वा भवेत्पुत्रः पुत्रो वा क्षेत्रजो भवेत् । अध्यूढः समयं भित्त्वेत्येतदेव निबोध मे ॥

retajo vā bhavetputraḥ putro vā kṣetrajo bhavet | adhyūḍhaḥ samayaṃ bhittvetyetadeva nibodha me

Whether a son be seed-born, or a son be field-born, or the adhyudha who has broken the agreement: hear just this from me.

Note on the text: Corrected क्षत्रेजो → क्षेत्रजो (misprint in Wikisource; not a word; “kṣetraja” (field-born) is meant, as the critical edition reads).

Verse 33 (13.84.33)

रेतजं विद्म वै पुत्रं क्षेत्रजस्यागमः कथम् । अध्यूढं विद्म वै पुत्रं भित्त्वा तु समयं कथम् ॥

retajaṃ vidma vai putraṃ kṣetrajasyāgamaḥ katham | adhyūḍhaṃ vidma vai putraṃ bhittvā tu samayaṃ katham

I know the seed-born son; but how does the field-born son come to be accepted? I know the adhyudha son; but how, after breaking the agreement?

Note on the text: Corrected क्षत्रेजस्य → क्षेत्रजस्य (misprint in Wikisource; not a word; “kṣetraja” is meant, as the critical edition reads). The alignment found no match; this is CE 13.49.14 (page: “retajaṃ … bhittvā tu”; CE: “retojaṃ … hitvā ca”).

Verse 34 (13.84.34)

आत्मजं पुत्रमुत्पाद्य यस्त्यजेत्कारणान्तरे । न तत्र कारणं रेतः स क्षेत्रस्वामिनो भवेत् ॥

ātmajaṃ putramutpādya yastyajetkāraṇāntare | na tatra kāraṇaṃ retaḥ sa kṣetrasvāmino bhavet

If a man, having begotten a son of his own body, abandons him for some other reason, the seed is not the deciding cause there; the son belongs to the owner of the field.

Verse 35 (13.84.35)

पुत्रकामो हि पुत्रार्थे यां वृणीते विशाम्पते । तत्र क्षेत्रं प्रमाणं स्यान्न वै तत्रात्मजः सुतः ॥

putrakāmo hi putrārthe yāṃ vṛṇīte viśāmpate | tatra kṣetraṃ pramāṇaṃ syānna vai tatrātmajaḥ sutaḥ

A man who wants a son and chooses a woman for the sake of a son, O lord of the people: there the field is the authority, and the son is not the begetter’s own.

Verse 36 (13.84.36)

अन्यत्र क्षेत्रजः पुत्रो लक्ष्यते भरतर्षभ । न ह्यात्मा शक्यते हन्तुं दृष्टान्तोपगतो ह्यसौ ॥

anyatra kṣetrajaḥ putro lakṣyate bharatarṣabha | na hyātmā śakyate hantuṃ dṛṣṭāntopagato hyasau

Elsewhere the kshetraja son is recognised, O best of the Bharatas; for the self-begotten son cannot be set aside, since he stands established by precedent.

Verse 37 (13.84.37)

क्वचिच्च कृतकः पुत्रः सङ्ग्रहादेव लक्ष्यते । न तत्र रेतः क्षेत्रं वा प्रमाणं स्याद्युधिष्ठिर ॥

kvacicca kṛtakaḥ putraḥ saṅgrahādeva lakṣyate | na tatra retaḥ kṣetraṃ vā pramāṇaṃ syādyudhiṣṭhira

Sometimes a made son (kritaka) is recognised merely by adoption; there neither seed nor field is the authority, O Yudhishthira.

Note on the text: Corrected कुतकः → कृतकः (misprint in Wikisource; a dropped vowel sign; the next verse and the critical edition read “kṛtaka”). The alignment found no match (it fell below the threshold because of the misprint); this verse is CE 13.49.18.

Verse 38 (13.84.38)

कीदृशः कृतकः पुत्रः सङ्ग्रहादेव लक्ष्यते । शुक्रं क्षेत्रं प्रमाणं वा यत्र लक्ष्यं न भारत ॥

kīdṛśaḥ kṛtakaḥ putraḥ saṅgrahādeva lakṣyate | śukraṃ kṣetraṃ pramāṇaṃ vā yatra lakṣyaṃ na bhārata

What kind of made son is recognised merely by adoption, where, O Bharata, neither seed nor field is to be seen as the authority?

Verse 39 (13.84.39)

मातापितृभ्यां यस्त्यक्तः पथि यस्तं प्रकल्पयेत् । न चास्य मातापितरौ ज्ञायेतां स हि कृत्रिमः ॥

mātāpitṛbhyāṃ yastyaktaḥ pathi yastaṃ prakalpayet | na cāsya mātāpitarau jñāyetāṃ sa hi kṛtrimaḥ

He who has been abandoned by mother and father, whom a man takes up on the road, and whose mother and father are not known: he is the kritrima.

Note on the text: The alignment found no match; this is the parallel of CE 13.49.20 (page: “mātāpitṛbhyāṃ yastyaktaḥ pathi yastaṃ prakalpayet”; CE: “mātāpitṛbhyāṃ saṃtyaktaṃ pathi yaṃ tu pralakṣayet”), a recension variant.

Verse 40 (13.84.40)

अस्वामिकस्य स्वामित्वं यस्मिन्सम्प्रतिलक्ष्यते । यो वर्णः पोषयेत्तं च तद्वर्णस्तस्य जायते ॥

asvāmikasya svāmitvaṃ yasminsampratilakṣyate | yo varṇaḥ poṣayettaṃ ca tadvarṇastasya jāyate

Whoever comes to be seen as the owner of one who had no owner: of whatever caste is the man who supports him, the boy is born into that caste.

Note on the text: The alignment found no match; this is the parallel of CE 13.49.21 (recension variant in the second line: CE “savarṇas taṃ ca poṣeta savarṇas tasya jāyate”).

Verse 41 (13.84.41)

कथमस्य प्रयोक्तव्यः संस्कारः कस्य वा कथम् । देया कन्या कथं चेति तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥

kathamasya prayoktavyaḥ saṃskāraḥ kasya vā katham | deyā kanyā kathaṃ ceti tanme brūhi pitāmaha

How should his rites be performed, and by whom, and how? And how is a daughter to be given to him? Tell me that, grandfather.

Verse 42 (13.84.42)

आत्मवत्तस्य कुर्वीत संस्कारं स्वामिवत्तथा । त्यक्तो मातापितृभ्यां यः सवर्णं प्रतिपद्यते ॥

ātmavattasya kurvīta saṃskāraṃ svāmivattathā | tyakto mātāpitṛbhyāṃ yaḥ savarṇaṃ pratipadyate

Let his rites be performed as for oneself, and as for the master, for one who, abandoned by mother and father, attaches himself to a man of his own caste.

Note on the text: Line 1 = CE 13.49.23a; line 2 = CE 13.49.24a.

Verse 43 (13.84.43)

तद्गोत्रबन्धुजं तस्य कुर्यात्संस्कारमच्युत । अथ देया तु कन्या स्यात्तद्वर्णस्य युधिष्ठिर ॥

tadgotrabandhujaṃ tasya kuryātsaṃskāramacyuta | atha deyā tu kanyā syāttadvarṇasya yudhiṣṭhira

O Achyuta, let his rites be performed in accord with that man’s gotra and kin. And if a daughter is to be given, she should be given, O Yudhishthira, to a man of that caste.

Note on the text: Line 1 = CE 13.49.24c; line 2 = CE 13.49.25a.

Verse 44 (13.84.44)

संस्कर्तुं वर्णगोत्रं च मातृवर्णविनिश्चये । कानीनाध्यूढजौ वाऽपि विज्ञेयौ पुत्रकिल्बिषौ ॥

saṃskartuṃ varṇagotraṃ ca mātṛvarṇaviniścaye | kānīnādhyūḍhajau vā'pi vijñeyau putrakilbiṣau

When the mother’s caste has been settled, the caste and gotra for performing his rites follow from it; and the kanina and the adhyudhaja are to be known as the faulty sons.

Note on the text: Line 1 = CE 13.49.25c (page “varṇagotraṃ” for CE “mātṛgotraṃ”); line 2 = CE 13.49.26a, which the page then prints again as the first line of the next verse.

Verse 45 (13.84.45)

कानीनाध्यूढजौ वाऽपि विज्ञेयौ पुत्रकिल्बिषौ । तावपि स्वाविव सुतौ संस्कार्याविति निश्चयः ॥

kānīnādhyūḍhajau vā'pi vijñeyau putrakilbiṣau | tāvapi svāviva sutau saṃskāryāviti niścayaḥ

The kanina and the adhyudhaja are to be known as the faulty sons; even these two are to be given the rites like one’s own sons: such is the settled rule.

Verse 46 (13.84.46)

क्षेत्रजो वाऽप्यपसदो येऽध्यूढास्तेषु चाप्युत । आत्मवद्वै प्रयुञ्जीरन्संस्कारान्ब्राह्मणादयः ॥

kṣetrajo vā'pyapasado ye'dhyūḍhāsteṣu cāpyuta | ātmavadvai prayuñjīransaṃskārānbrāhmaṇādayaḥ

In the case of the kshetraja, the apasada, and those who are adhyudha as well, Brahmins and the others should perform the rites as for themselves.

Verse 47 (13.84.47)

स्वं जन्मे मातृगोत्रेण संस्कारं ब्राह्मणादयः । धर्मशास्त्रेषु वर्णानां निश्चयोऽयं प्रदृश्यते ॥

svaṃ janme mātṛgotreṇa saṃskāraṃ brāhmaṇādayaḥ | dharmaśāstreṣu varṇānāṃ niścayo'yaṃ pradṛśyate

According to their own birth and the mother’s gotra, Brahmins and the others perform the rites. This is the settled rule for the castes as it is seen in the Dharmashastras.

Note on the text: Removed the stray backtick and the marks “।।’” from the first line (a quoted line on the page; its wording “svaṃ janme” is kept as printed). Corrected पदृश्यते → प्रदृश्यते (dropped akshara; CE reads “pradṛśyate”). Line 1 is not in the critical edition (vulgate only); line 2 = CE 13.49.28a.

Verse 48 (13.84.48)

एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥

etatte sarvamākhyātaṃ kiṃ bhūyaḥ śrotumicchasi

All this has been told to you. What more do you wish to hear?

Note on the text: The single line = CE 13.49.28c.