Bhima Urges War

Verse 1 (3.33.1)

याज्ञसेन्या वचः श्रुत्वा भीमसेनो ह्यमर्षणः । निश्वसन्नुपसंगम्य क्रुद्धो राजानमब्रवीत् ॥

yājñasenyā vacaḥ śrutvā bhīmaseno hyamarṣaṇaḥ | niśvasannupasaṃgamya kruddho rājānamabravīt

Having heard Yajnaseni's words, Bhimasena, who could not bear the wrong done to them, came up to the king, sighing, and spoke to him in anger.

Verse 2 (3.33.2)

राजन्सत्पदवीं धर्म्यां व्रज सत्पुरुषोचिताम् । धर्मकामार्थहीनानां किं नो वस्तुं तपोवने ॥

rājansatpadavīṃ dharmyāṃ vraja satpuruṣocitām | dharmakāmārthahīnānāṃ kiṃ no vastuṃ tapovane

O king, walk the righteous road of the good, the road fit for noble men. What use is it to us to live in this forest of austerities, cut off from dharma, pleasure and wealth?

Verse 3 (3.33.3)

नैव धर्मेण तद्राज्यं नार्जवेन न चौजसा । अक्षकूटमधिष्ठाय हृतं दुर्योधनेन वै ॥

naiva dharmeṇa tadrājyaṃ nārjavena na caujasā | akṣakūṭamadhiṣṭhāya hṛtaṃ duryodhanena vai

Duryodhana did not take that kingdom by dharma, nor by honest dealing, nor by strength; he seized it by resorting to fraud at dice.

Note on the text: Corrected नार्जवेण → नार्जवेन (misprint in Wikisource; no retroflex ण after the palatal ज; the CE reads nārjavena).

Verse 4 (3.33.4)

गोमायुनेव सिंहानां दुर्बलेन बलीयसाम् । आमिषं विघसाशेन तद्वद्राज्यं हि नो हृतम् ॥

gomāyuneva siṃhānāṃ durbalena balīyasām | āmiṣaṃ vighasāśena tadvadrājyaṃ hi no hṛtam

As a feeble jackal that lives on leavings might carry off the meat of mighty lions, so has our kingdom been taken from us.

Note on the text: Corrected दिर्बलेन → दुर्बलेन (misprint in Wikisource; the CE reads durbalena). Corrected आमिपं → आमिषं (misprint in Wikisource; ष misread as प; the CE reads āmiṣaṃ).

Verse 5 (3.33.5)

धर्मलेशप्रतिच्छन्नः प्रभवं धर्मकामयोः । अर्थमुत्सृज्य किं राजन्दुःखेन परितप्यसे ॥

dharmaleśapraticchannaḥ prabhavaṃ dharmakāmayoḥ | arthamutsṛjya kiṃ rājanduḥkhena paritapyase

Wrapped in a mere shred of dharma, why do you give up wealth, the source of dharma and pleasure, and torment yourself with sorrow, O king?

Verse 6 (3.33.6)

भवतोऽनुविधानेन राज्यं नः पश्यतां हृतम् । अहार्यमपि शक्रेण गुप्तं गाण्डीवधन्वना ॥

bhavato'nuvidhānena rājyaṃ naḥ paśyatāṃ hṛtam | ahāryamapi śakreṇa guptaṃ gāṇḍīvadhanvanā

Because we did as you wished, our kingdom was taken while we looked on — a kingdom that not even Shakra could have taken, guarded as it was by the wielder of the Gandiva.

Verse 7 (3.33.7)

कुणीनामिव बिल्वानि पङ्गूनामिव धेनवः । हृतमैश्वर्यमस्माकं जीवतां भवतः कृते ॥

kuṇīnāmiva bilvāni paṅgūnāmiva dhenavaḥ | hṛtamaiśvaryamasmākaṃ jīvatāṃ bhavataḥ kṛte

As bilva fruit are taken from men without hands, as cows are taken from the lame, so our sovereignty was taken from us while we still lived, on your account.

Verse 8 (3.33.8)

भवतः प्रियमित्येवं महद्व्यसनमीदृशम् । धर्मकामे प्रतीतस्य प्रतिपन्नाः स्म भारत ॥

bhavataḥ priyamityevaṃ mahadvyasanamīdṛśam | dharmakāme pratītasya pratipannāḥ sma bhārata

Thinking only that it would please you, O Bharata, we have fallen into this great calamity, because you put your trust in your wish for dharma.

Verse 9 (3.33.9)

कर्शयामः स्वमित्राणि नन्दयामश्च शात्रवान् । आत्मानं भवतः शास्त्रैर्नियम्य भरतर्षभ ॥

karśayāmaḥ svamitrāṇi nandayāmaśca śātravān | ātmānaṃ bhavataḥ śāstrairniyamya bharatarṣabha

Holding ourselves back by your teachings, O bull of the Bharatas, we bring hardship on our own friends and give joy to our enemies.

Verse 10 (3.33.10)

यद्वयं न तदैवैतान्धार्तराष्ट्रान्निहन्महि । भवतः शास्त्रमादाय तन्नस्तपति दुष्कृतम् ॥

yadvayaṃ na tadaivaitāndhārtarāṣṭrānnihanmahi | bhavataḥ śāstramādāya tannastapati duṣkṛtam

That we did not kill these sons of Dhritarashtra then and there, because we held to your counsel — that failing of ours burns us.

Note on the text: Corrected निहन्म हि → निहन्महि (misprint in Wikisource; one word wrongly split; निहन्म is not a valid form; the CE reads nihanmahi).

Verse 11 (3.33.11)

अथैनामन्ववेक्षस्व मृगचर्यामिवात्मनः । अवीराचरितां राजन्नबलस्थैर्निषेविताम् ॥

athaināmanvavekṣasva mṛgacaryāmivātmanaḥ | avīrācaritāṃ rājannabalasthairniṣevitām

Now look at this life of ours, O king, like the roaming of wild beasts — a life no heroes have led and no men of strength have followed.

Verse 12 (3.33.12)

यां न कृष्णो न बीभत्सुर्नाभिमन्युर्न सृञ्जयाः । न चाहमभिनन्दामि न च माद्रीसुतावुभौ ॥

yāṃ na kṛṣṇo na bībhatsurnābhimanyurna sṛñjayāḥ | na cāhamabhinandāmi na ca mādrīsutāvubhau

Neither Krishna, nor Bibhatsu (Arjuna), nor Abhimanyu, nor the Srinjayas, nor I, nor the two sons of Madri take any pleasure in it.

Verse 13 (3.33.13)

भवान्धर्मो धर्म इति सततं व्रतकर्शितः । कच्चिद्राजन्न निर्वेदादापन्नः क्लीबजीविकाम् ॥

bhavāndharmo dharma iti satataṃ vratakarśitaḥ | kaccidrājanna nirvedādāpannaḥ klībajīvikām

Always crying "Dharma, dharma!", worn thin by your vows — have you, O king, sunk out of despair into the life of a eunuch?

Verse 14 (3.33.14)

दुर्मनुष्या हि निर्वेदमफलं सर्वघातकम् । अशक्ताः श्रियमाहर्तुमात्मनः कुर्वते प्रियम् ॥

durmanuṣyā hi nirvedamaphalaṃ sarvaghātakam | aśaktāḥ śriyamāhartumātmanaḥ kurvate priyam

It is base men who, unable to win fortune for themselves, cherish despair — fruitless and ruinous to everything.

Verse 15 (3.33.15)

स भवान्दृष्टिमाञ्शक्तः पश्यन्नस्मासु पौरुषम् । आनृशंस्यपरो राजन्नात्मार्थमवबुध्यसे ॥

sa bhavāndṛṣṭimāñśaktaḥ paśyannasmāsu pauruṣam | ānṛśaṃsyaparo rājannātmārthamavabudhyase

You have insight and power, and you see the valour in us; yet, bent on gentleness, O king, you do not see what is in your own interest.

Verse 16 (3.33.16)

अस्मानमी धार्तराष्ट्राः क्षममाणानहिंसतः । अशक्तानेव मन्यन्ते तद्दुःखं नाहवे वधः ॥

asmānamī dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ kṣamamāṇānahiṃsataḥ | aśaktāneva manyante tadduḥkhaṃ nāhave vadhaḥ

Because we forbear and do no harm, these sons of Dhritarashtra think us weaklings. That is the real grief — not death in battle.

Verse 17 (3.33.17)

तत्र चेद्युध्यमानानामजिह्ममनिवर्तिनाम् । सर्वशो हि वधः श्रेयान्प्रेत्य लोकांल्लभेमहि ॥

tatra cedyudhyamānānāmajihmamanivartinām | sarvaśo hi vadhaḥ śreyānpretya lokāṃllabhemahi

If we fight in that war straightforwardly and never turn back, then even death is in every way better, for after death we shall win the higher worlds.

Note on the text: Spacing restored: तत्रचेद् → तत्र चेद् (words run together in Wikisource).

Verse 18 (3.33.18)

अथवा वयमेवैतान्निहत्य भरतर्षभ । आददीमहि गां सर्वां तथापि श्रेय एव नः ॥

athavā vayamevaitānnihatya bharatarṣabha | ādadīmahi gāṃ sarvāṃ tathāpi śreya eva naḥ

Or else, O bull of the Bharatas, we kill them ourselves and take the whole earth; that too is good for us.

Note on the text: Corrected अधवा → अथवा (misprint in Wikisource; ध for थ; the CE reads atha vā).

Verse 19 (3.33.19)

सर्वथा कार्यमेतन्नः स्वधर्ममनुतिष्ठताम् । काङ्क्षतां विपुलां कीर्तिं वैरं प्रतिचिकीर्षताम् ॥

sarvathā kāryametannaḥ svadharmamanutiṣṭhatām | kāṅkṣatāṃ vipulāṃ kīrtiṃ vairaṃ praticikīrṣatām

In every way this must be done by us, who follow our own dharma, who long for wide renown and wish to repay enmity.

Note on the text: Corrected काङ्खतां → काङ्क्षतां (misprint in Wikisource; broken conjunct; the CE reads kāṅkṣatāṃ). Corrected विषुलां → विपुलां (misprint in Wikisource; the CE reads vipulāṃ). Corrected कीर्ति वैरं → कीर्तिं वैरं (misprint in Wikisource; dropped anusvara of the accusative; the CE reads kīrtiṃ).

Verse 20 (3.33.20)

आत्मार्थं युध्यमानानां जीविते कृत्यलक्षणे । अन्यैरपि हृते राज्ये प्रशंसैव न गर्हणा ॥

ātmārthaṃ yudhyamānānāṃ jīvite kṛtyalakṣaṇe | anyairapi hṛte rājye praśaṃsaiva na garhaṇā

When the kingdom has been taken by others, those who fight for their own cause, holding duty as the mark of life, earn only praise, not blame.

Verse 21 (3.33.21)

कर्शनार्थो हि यो धर्मो विप्राणामात्मनस्तथा । व्यसनं नाम तद्राजन्न धर्मः स कुवर्त्मतत् ॥

karśanārtho hi yo dharmo viprāṇāmātmanastathā | vyasanaṃ nāma tadrājanna dharmaḥ sa kuvartmatat

The "dharma" whose aim is to wear down brahmins and oneself is calamity by another name, O king; it is not dharma, it is a crooked path.

Verse 22 (3.33.22)

सर्वथा धर्मनित्यं तु पुरुषं धर्मदुर्बलम् । जहतस्तात धर्मार्थौ प्रेतं दुःखसुखे यथा ॥

sarvathā dharmanityaṃ tu puruṣaṃ dharmadurbalam | jahatastāta dharmārthau pretaṃ duḥkhasukhe yathā

My dear brother, dharma and wealth both abandon the man who is ever intent on dharma yet made weak by dharma, as pleasure and pain leave a dead man.

Verse 23 (3.33.23)

यस्य धर्मो हि धर्मार्थं क्लेशभाङ्न स पण्डितः । न स धर्मस्य वेदार्थं सूर्यस्यान्धः प्रभामिव ॥

yasya dharmo hi dharmārthaṃ kleśabhāṅna sa paṇḍitaḥ | na sa dharmasya vedārthaṃ sūryasyāndhaḥ prabhāmiva

He whose dharma is for dharma's sake alone only reaps hardship; he is not wise. He does not know the purpose of dharma, as a blind man does not know the light of the sun.

Note on the text: Corrected धर्मार्थँ → धर्मार्थं (misprint in Wikisource; candrabindu for anusvara before a consonant). Corrected क्लेशभाङ्ग स → क्लेशभाङ्न स (misprint in Wikisource; ग for न; the CE reads kleśabhāṅ na sa).

Verse 24 (3.33.24)

यस्य चार्थार्थ एवार्थः स च नार्थस्य कोविदः । रक्ष्यते भृतकः पुण्यं यथा स्यात्तादृगेव सः ॥

yasya cārthārtha evārthaḥ sa ca nārthasya kovidaḥ | rakṣyate bhṛtakaḥ puṇyaṃ yathā syāttādṛgeva saḥ

And he whose wealth is for wealth's sake alone does not understand wealth either; he is just like a hired man who keeps watch over a sacred store that is not his own.

Note on the text: Kept Wikisource's reading रक्ष्यते भृतकः पुण्यं (construed with the hireling as guardian); the critical edition reads rakṣate bhṛtako 'raṇyaṃ ("as a hireling guards a forest").

Verse 25 (3.33.25)

अतिवेलं हि योऽर्थार्थी नेतरावनुतिष्ठति । स वध्यः सर्वभूतानां ब्रह्महेव जुगुप्सितः ॥

ativelaṃ hi yo'rthārthī netarāvanutiṣṭhati | sa vadhyaḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ brahmaheva jugupsitaḥ

He who craves wealth beyond all bounds and does not pursue the other two deserves to be slain by all beings, and is loathed like the killer of a brahmin.

Verse 26 (3.33.26)

सततं यश्च कामार्थी नेतरावनुतिष्ठति । मित्राणि तस्य नश्यन्ति धर्मार्थाभ्यां च हीयते ॥

satataṃ yaśca kāmārthī netarāvanutiṣṭhati | mitrāṇi tasya naśyanti dharmārthābhyāṃ ca hīyate

He who is always after pleasure and does not pursue the other two loses his friends and falls away from both dharma and wealth.

Verse 27 (3.33.27)

तस्य धर्मार्थहीनस्य कामान्ते निधनं ध्रुवम् । कामतो रममाणस्य मीनस्येवाम्भसः क्षये ॥

tasya dharmārthahīnasya kāmānte nidhanaṃ dhruvam | kāmato ramamāṇasya mīnasyevāmbhasaḥ kṣaye

For such a man, bereft of dharma and wealth and taking his pleasure as he likes, death is certain when the pleasures run out, as for a fish when the water dries up.

Verse 28 (3.33.28)

तस्माद्धर्मार्थयोर्नित्यं न प्रमाद्यन्ति पण्डिताः । प्रकृतिः सा हि कामस्य पावकस्यारणिर्यथा ॥

tasmāddharmārthayornityaṃ na pramādyanti paṇḍitāḥ | prakṛtiḥ sā hi kāmasya pāvakasyāraṇiryathā

Therefore the wise are never careless of dharma and wealth, for these are the source of pleasure, as the fire-drill is of fire.

Note on the text: Corrected प्रमान्द्यन्ति → प्रमाद्यन्ति (misprint in Wikisource; intrusive न्; the CE reads pramādyanti).

Verse 29 (3.33.29)

सर्वथा धर्ममूलोऽर्थो धर्मश्चार्थपरिग्रहः । इतरेतरयोर्नीतौ विद्धि मेघोदधी यथा ॥

sarvathā dharmamūlo'rtho dharmaścārthaparigrahaḥ | itaretarayornītau viddhi meghodadhī yathā

In every way wealth has dharma as its root, and dharma rests on the gaining of wealth. Know that each is carried forward by the other, like the cloud and the ocean.

Verse 30 (3.33.30)

द्रव्यार्थस्पर्शसंयोगे या प्रीतिरुपजायते । स कामश्चित्तसंकल्पः शरीरं नास्य दृश्यते ॥

dravyārthasparśasaṃyoge yā prītirupajāyate | sa kāmaścittasaṃkalpaḥ śarīraṃ nāsya dṛśyate

The delight that springs from touching things and gaining wealth — that is pleasure (kama). It is a resolve of the mind; it has no body that can be seen.

Verse 31 (3.33.31)

अर्थार्थी पुरुषो राजन्बृहन्तं धर्ममिच्छति । अर्थमिच्छति कामार्थी न कामादन्यमिच्छति ॥

arthārthī puruṣo rājanbṛhantaṃ dharmamicchati | arthamicchati kāmārthī na kāmādanyamicchati

The man who seeks wealth, O king, is seeking great dharma; the man who seeks pleasure is seeking wealth; but beyond pleasure no one seeks anything further.

Note on the text: Spacing restored: कामार्थीन → कामार्थी न (words run together in Wikisource).

Verse 32 (3.33.32)

न हि कामेन कामोऽन्यः सिध्यते फलमेव तत् । उपयोगात्फलस्यैव काष्ठाद्भस्मेव पण्डितः ॥

na hi kāmena kāmo'nyaḥ sidhyate phalameva tat | upayogātphalasyaiva kāṣṭhādbhasmeva paṇḍitaḥ

For one pleasure does not bring about another; it is itself the fruit, used up in the enjoying, O wise one — as ash comes from wood, but nothing more comes from ash.

Note on the text: Corrected उषयोगात् → उपयोगात् (misprint in Wikisource; ष misread for प; the CE reads upayogāt).

Verse 33 (3.33.33)

इमाञ्शकुनकान्राजन्हन्ति वैतंसिको यथा । एतद्रूपमधर्मस्य भूतेषु च विहिंसनम् ॥

imāñśakunakānrājanhanti vaitaṃsiko yathā | etadrūpamadharmasya bhūteṣu ca vihiṃsanam

As a fowler kills these little birds, O king, such is the form of adharma: violence against living beings.

Verse 34 (3.33.34)

कामाल्लोभाच्च धर्मस्य प्रवृत्तिं यो न पश्यति । स वध्यः सर्वभूतानां प्रेत्य चेह च दुर्मतिः ॥

kāmāllobhācca dharmasya pravṛttiṃ yo na paśyati | sa vadhyaḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ pretya ceha ca durmatiḥ

He who, through desire and greed, does not see how dharma works, deserves to be slain by all beings; he is a fool both here and in the world beyond.

Note on the text: Corrected पश्ति → पश्यति (misprint in Wikisource; dropped य; the CE reads paśyati). Corrected चेहैच → चेह च (misprint in Wikisource; the CE reads ceha ca).

Verse 35 (3.33.35)

व्यक्तं ते विदितो राजन्नर्थो द्रव्यपरिग्रहः । प्रकृतिं चापि वेत्थास्य विकृतिं चापि भूयसीम् ॥

vyaktaṃ te vidito rājannartho dravyaparigrahaḥ | prakṛtiṃ cāpi vetthāsya vikṛtiṃ cāpi bhūyasīm

Clearly, O king, you know that wealth means the gathering of goods; you know its natural state and its many changes as well.

Verse 36 (3.33.36)

तस्य नाशं विनाशं वा जरया मरणेन वा । अनर्थ इति मन्यन्ते सोयमस्मासु वर्तते ॥

tasya nāśaṃ vināśaṃ vā jarayā maraṇena vā | anartha iti manyante soyamasmāsu vartate

Its loss or destruction, through old age or through death, is what men call misfortune; and that is what has come upon us.

Verse 37 (3.33.37)

इन्द्रियाणां च पञ्चानां मनसो हृदयस्य च । विषये वर्तमानानां या प्रीतिरुपजायते ॥

indriyāṇāṃ ca pañcānāṃ manaso hṛdayasya ca | viṣaye vartamānānāṃ yā prītirupajāyate

The delight that arises when the five senses, the mind and the heart are engaged with their objects —

Note on the text: Corrected विपये → विषये (misprint in Wikisource; ष misread as प; the CE reads viṣaye). Corresponds to CE 3.34.37abcd. The critical edition prints 3.34.37–38 as two six-line verses; Wikisource divides the same six lines into three couplets (its 37–39).

Verse 38 (3.33.38)

स काम इति मे बुद्धिः कर्मणां फलमुत्तमम् । एवमेव पृथग्दृष्ट्वा धर्मार्थौ काममेव च ॥

sa kāma iti me buddhiḥ karmaṇāṃ phalamuttamam | evameva pṛthagdṛṣṭvā dharmārthau kāmameva ca

that, in my judgement, is pleasure, the highest fruit of action. Seeing dharma, wealth and pleasure in this way, each in its own place,

Note on the text: Corresponds to CE 3.34.37ef + 3.34.38ab. The critical edition prints 3.34.37–38 as two six-line verses; Wikisource divides the same six lines into three couplets (its 37–39).

Verse 39 (3.33.39)

न धर्मपर एव स्यान्न चार्थपरमो नरः । न कामपरमो वा स्यात्सर्वान्सेवेत सर्वदा ॥

na dharmapara eva syānna cārthaparamo naraḥ | na kāmaparamo vā syātsarvānseveta sarvadā

a man should not be given to dharma alone, nor wholly to wealth, nor wholly to pleasure; he should attend to all of them at all times.

Note on the text: Corresponds to CE 3.34.38cdef. The critical edition prints 3.34.37–38 as two six-line verses; Wikisource divides the same six lines into three couplets (its 37–39).

Verse 40 (3.33.40)

धर्मं पूर्वे धनं मध्ये जघन्ये काममाचरेत् । अहन्यनुचरेदेवमेष शास्त्रकृतो विधिः ॥

dharmaṃ pūrve dhanaṃ madhye jaghanye kāmamācaret | ahanyanucaredevameṣa śāstrakṛto vidhiḥ

Practise dharma in the early part of the day, wealth at midday and pleasure in the last part. This is the order to follow through the day; it is the rule laid down by the shastras.

Verse 41 (3.33.41)

कामं पूर्वे धनं मध्ये जघन्ये धर्ममाचरेत् । वयस्यनुचरेदेवमेष शास्त्रकृतो विधिः ॥

kāmaṃ pūrve dhanaṃ madhye jaghanye dharmamācaret | vayasyanucaredevameṣa śāstrakṛto vidhiḥ

Pleasure in the early part of life, wealth in the middle and dharma in the last. This is the order to follow through one's years; it is the rule laid down by the shastras.

Verse 42 (3.33.42)

धर्मं चार्थं च कामं च यथावद्वदतां वर । विभज्य काले कालज्ञः सर्वान्सेवेत पण्डितः ॥

dharmaṃ cārthaṃ ca kāmaṃ ca yathāvadvadatāṃ vara | vibhajya kāle kālajñaḥ sarvānseveta paṇḍitaḥ

O best of speakers, a wise man who knows the right times should divide dharma, wealth and pleasure properly according to time and attend to them all.

Note on the text: Spacing restored: वदतांवर → वदतां वर (words run together in Wikisource).

Verse 43 (3.33.43)

मोक्षो वा परमं श्रेय एष राजन्सुखार्थिनाम् । प्राप्तिं वा बुद्धिमास्थाय सोपायां कुरुनन्दन ॥

mokṣo vā paramaṃ śreya eṣa rājansukhārthinām | prāptiṃ vā buddhimāsthāya sopāyāṃ kurunandana

For those who seek happiness, O king, either liberation is the highest good, or else the winning back of what is ours, pursued with good judgement and the proper means, O joy of the Kurus.

Verse 44 (3.33.44)

तद्वाऽऽशु क्रियतां राजन्प्राप्तिर्वाप्यधिगम्यताम् । जीवितं ह्यातुरस्येव दुःखमन्तरवर्तिनः ॥

tadvā''śu kriyatāṃ rājanprāptirvāpyadhigamyatām | jīvitaṃ hyāturasyeva duḥkhamantaravartinaḥ

So let the one be done quickly, O king, or let the other be achieved; for the life of one stuck in between is misery, like the life of a sick man.

Verse 45 (3.33.45)

विदितश्चैव मे धर्मः सततं चरितश्च ते । जानन्तस्त्वयि शंसन्ति सुहृदः कर्मचोदनाम् ॥

viditaścaiva me dharmaḥ satataṃ caritaśca te | jānantastvayi śaṃsanti suhṛdaḥ karmacodanām

I know what dharma is, and you have always practised it; knowing this, your friends urge you to act.

Verse 46 (3.33.46)

दानं यज्ञाः सतां पूजा वेदधारणमार्जवम् । एष धर्मः परो राजन्फलवान्प्रेत्य चेह च ॥

dānaṃ yajñāḥ satāṃ pūjā vedadhāraṇamārjavam | eṣa dharmaḥ paro rājanphalavānpretya ceha ca

Gifts, sacrifices, honour paid to the good, holding the Vedas in memory, and honesty — this, O king, is the highest dharma, bearing fruit here and hereafter.

Note on the text: Corrected चेंह → चेह (misprint in Wikisource; stray anusvara; the CE reads ceha).

Verse 47 (3.33.47)

एष नार्थविहीनेन शक्यो राजन्निषेवितुम् । अखिलाः पुरुषव्याघ्र गुणाः स्युर्यद्यपीतरे ॥

eṣa nārthavihīnena śakyo rājanniṣevitum | akhilāḥ puruṣavyāghra guṇāḥ syuryadyapītare

It cannot be practised, O king, by one who has no wealth, O tiger among men, even though he may have every other virtue.

Note on the text: Corrected निपेवितुम् → निषेवितुम् (misprint in Wikisource; ष misread as प; the CE reads niṣevitum). Corrected यद्यपीनरे → यद्यपीतरे (misprint in Wikisource; न for त; the CE reads yady apītare).

Verse 48 (3.33.48)

धर्ममूलं जगद्राजन्नान्यद्धर्माद्विशिष्यते । धर्मश्चार्थेन महता शक्यो राजन्निषेवितुम् ॥

dharmamūlaṃ jagadrājannānyaddharmādviśiṣyate | dharmaścārthena mahatā śakyo rājanniṣevitum

The world has dharma for its root, O king; nothing surpasses dharma. Yet dharma can be practised, O king, only with great wealth.

Verse 49 (3.33.49)

न चार्थो भैक्ष्यचर्येण नापि क्लैब्येन कर्हिचित् । वेत्तुं शक्यस्तथा राजन्केवलं धर्मबुद्धिना ॥

na cārtho bhaikṣyacaryeṇa nāpi klaibyena karhicit | vettuṃ śakyastathā rājankevalaṃ dharmabuddhinā

Nor can wealth ever be won by living on alms, or by faint-heartedness, O king, or by a mind set on dharma alone.

Verse 50 (3.33.50)

प्रतिषिद्धा हि ते याच्ञा यया सिध्यति वै द्विजः । तेजसैवार्थलिप्सायां यतस्व पुरुषर्षभ ॥

pratiṣiddhā hi te yācñā yayā sidhyati vai dvijaḥ | tejasaivārthalipsāyāṃ yatasva puruṣarṣabha

Begging, by which a brahmin prospers, is forbidden to you. Strive to gain wealth by your own might, O bull among men.

Note on the text: Corrected प्रतिष्द्धा → प्रतिषिद्धा (misprint in Wikisource; dropped vowel sign; the CE reads pratiṣiddhā).

Verse 51 (3.33.51)

भैक्ष्यचर्या न विहिता न च विट्शूद्रजीविका । क्षत्रियस्य विशेषेण धर्मस्तु बलमौरसम् ॥

bhaikṣyacaryā na vihitā na ca viṭśūdrajīvikā | kṣatriyasya viśeṣeṇa dharmastu balamaurasam

A life of begging is not ordained for a kshatriya, nor the livelihood of a vaishya or a shudra; the dharma of a kshatriya above all is strength, the strength born in him.

Note on the text: Corrected क्षत्रियस् विशेषेण → क्षत्रियस्य विशेषेण (misprint in Wikisource; dropped य; the CE reads kṣatriyasya).

Verse 52 (3.33.52)

स्वधर्मं प्रतिपद्यस्व जहि शत्रून्समागतान् । धार्तराष्ट्रवनं पार्थ मया पार्थेन नाशय ॥

svadharmaṃ pratipadyasva jahi śatrūnsamāgatān | dhārtarāṣṭravanaṃ pārtha mayā pārthena nāśaya

Take up your own dharma; slay the enemies who have gathered against us. O Partha, with me and with Partha (Arjuna), lay waste the forest of Dhritarashtra's sons.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension); the CE apparatus records it as insertion 3.34.50*125.

Verse 53 (3.33.53)

उदारमेव विद्वांसो धर्मं प्राहुर्मनीषिणः । उदारं प्रतिपद्यस्व नावरे स्थातुमर्हसि ॥

udārameva vidvāṃso dharmaṃ prāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ | udāraṃ pratipadyasva nāvare sthātumarhasi

The learned and the wise say that greatness is dharma. Take up that greatness; you should not remain in a lowly state.

Verse 54 (3.33.54)

अनुबुध्यस्व राजेन्द्र वेत्थ धर्मान्सनातनान् । क्रूरकर्माऽभिजातोसि यस्मादुद्विजते जनः ॥

anubudhyasva rājendra vettha dharmānsanātanān | krūrakarmā'bhijātosi yasmādudvijate janaḥ

Wake up, O king of kings; you know the eternal dharmas. You were born to a stern calling, one that makes people tremble.

Verse 55 (3.33.55)

प्रजापालनसंभूतं फलं तव न गर्हितम् । एष ते विहितो राजन्धात्रा धर्मः सनातनः ॥

prajāpālanasaṃbhūtaṃ phalaṃ tava na garhitam | eṣa te vihito rājandhātrā dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ

The fruit that comes of protecting the people is not something to be ashamed of for you. This, O king, is the eternal dharma the Creator has ordained for you.

Verse 56 (3.33.56)

तस्माद्विचलितः पार्थ लोके हास्यं गमिष्यसि । स्वधर्माद्धि मनुष्याणां चलनं न प्रशस्यते ॥

tasmādvicalitaḥ pārtha loke hāsyaṃ gamiṣyasi | svadharmāddhi manuṣyāṇāṃ calanaṃ na praśasyate

If you swerve from it, Partha, you will become a laughing-stock in the world; for no one praises a man who strays from his own dharma.

Verse 57 (3.33.57)

स क्षात्रं हृदयं कृत्वा त्यक्त्वेदं शिथिलं मनः । वीर्यमास्थाय कौरव्य धुरमुद्वह धुर्यवत् ॥

sa kṣātraṃ hṛdayaṃ kṛtvā tyaktvedaṃ śithilaṃ manaḥ | vīryamāsthāya kauravya dhuramudvaha dhuryavat

So make your heart a kshatriya's heart, cast off this slack mind, take your stand on valour, O Kauravya, and carry the yoke like a draught-ox.

Verse 58 (3.33.58)

न हि केवलधर्मात्मा पृथिवीं जातु कश्चन । पार्थिवो व्यजयद्राजन्न भूतिं न पुनः श्रियम् ॥

na hi kevaladharmātmā pṛthivīṃ jātu kaścana | pārthivo vyajayadrājanna bhūtiṃ na punaḥ śriyam

No king devoted to dharma alone, O king, has ever conquered the earth, or won prosperity or fortune.

Verse 59 (3.33.59)

जिह्वां दत्त्वा बहूनां हि क्षुद्राणां लुब्धचेतसाम् । निकृत्या लभते राज्यमाहारमिव शल्यकः ॥

jihvāṃ dattvā bahūnāṃ hi kṣudrāṇāṃ lubdhacetasām | nikṛtyā labhate rājyamāhāramiva śalyakaḥ

By feeding the tongues of many petty, greedy men, a king gains a kingdom through cunning, as a hunter who baits the deer gains his food.

Note on the text: Corrected दत्ता → दत्त्वा (misprint in Wikisource; the sense needs the absolutive "having given"; the CE reads dattvā).

Verse 60 (3.33.60)

भ्रातरः पूर्वजाताश्च सुसमृद्धाश्च सर्वशः । निकृत्या निर्जिता देवैरसुराः पाण्डवर्षभ ॥

bhrātaraḥ pūrvajātāśca susamṛddhāśca sarvaśaḥ | nikṛtyā nirjitā devairasurāḥ pāṇḍavarṣabha

The asuras were the elder brothers of the gods and prosperous in every way, yet the gods overcame them by cunning, O bull among the Pandavas.

Note on the text: Corrected भ्रातर पूर्वजाताश्च → भ्रातरः पूर्वजाताश्च (misprint in Wikisource; dropped visarga of the nominative plural; the CE reads bhrātaraḥ).

Verse 61 (3.33.61)

एवं बलवतः सर्वमिति बुद्ध्वा महीपते । जहि शत्रून्महाबाहो परां निकृतिमास्थितान् ॥

evaṃ balavataḥ sarvamiti buddhvā mahīpate | jahi śatrūnmahābāho parāṃ nikṛtimāsthitān

Understanding that everything thus belongs to the strong, O lord of the earth, slay your enemies, mighty-armed one, for they have resorted to the worst deceit.

Verse 62 (3.33.62)

न ह्यर्जुनसमः कश्चिद्युधि योद्धा धनुर्धरः । भविता वा पुमान्कश्चिन्मत्समो वा गदाधरः ॥

na hyarjunasamaḥ kaścidyudhi yoddhā dhanurdharaḥ | bhavitā vā pumānkaścinmatsamo vā gadādharaḥ

There is no bowman in battle equal to Arjuna, nor will there ever be any man equal to me with the mace.

Verse 63 (3.33.63)

सत्वेन कुरुते युद्धं राजन्सुबलवानपि । न प्रमाणेन नोत्साहात्सत्वस्थो भव पाण्डव ॥

satvena kurute yuddhaṃ rājansubalavānapi | na pramāṇena notsāhātsatvastho bhava pāṇḍava

Even a man of great strength fights a war by his courage, O king, not by his size nor by mere eagerness. Hold fast to courage, son of Pandu.

Verse 64 (3.33.64)

सत्वं हि मूलमर्थस्य वितथं यदतोऽन्यथा । न तु प्रसक्तं भवति वृक्षच्छायेव हैमनी ॥

satvaṃ hi mūlamarthasya vitathaṃ yadato'nyathā | na tu prasaktaṃ bhavati vṛkṣacchāyeva haimanī

Courage is the root of success; anything else is futile. It does not last, like the shade of a tree in winter.

Note on the text: Corrected मूलमर्थस् यवितथं → मूलमर्थस्य वितथं (misprint in Wikisource; word boundary misplaced; the CE reads arthasya vitathaṃ). Corrected वृक्षच्छायेन → वृक्षच्छायेव (misprint in Wikisource; न for व; the CE reads vṛkṣacchāyeva).

Verse 65 (3.33.65)

अर्थत्यागोऽपि कार्यः स्यादर्थं श्रेयांसमिच्छता । बीजौपम्येन कौन्तेय मा ते भूदत्र संशयः ॥

arthatyāgo'pi kāryaḥ syādarthaṃ śreyāṃsamicchatā | bījaupamyena kaunteya mā te bhūdatra saṃśayaḥ

Even wealth must be given up by one who wants a greater wealth, son of Kunti, as a seed is given up to the soil; have no doubt about this.

Note on the text: Corrected बीजौपम्यन → बीजौपम्येन (misprint in Wikisource; dropped vowel sign; the CE reads bījaupamyena).

Verse 66 (3.33.66)

अर्थेन तु समोऽनर्थो यत्र लब्धो महोदयः । न तत्र विपणः कार्यः खरकण्डूयनं हि तत् ॥

arthena tu samo'nartho yatra labdho mahodayaḥ | na tatra vipaṇaḥ kāryaḥ kharakaṇḍūyanaṃ hi tat

But where a great gain is won only at a loss equal to it, no bargain should be struck; that is like scratching a donkey.

Verse 67 (3.33.67)

एवमेव मनुष्येन्द्र धर्मं त्यक्त्वाऽल्पकं नरः । बृहन्तं धर्ममाप्नोति स बुद्ध इति निश्चितम् ॥

evameva manuṣyendra dharmaṃ tyaktvā'lpakaṃ naraḥ | bṛhantaṃ dharmamāpnoti sa buddha iti niścitam

In just this way, lord of men, a man who gives up a small dharma attains a great dharma; such a man is surely called wise.

Verse 68 (3.33.68)

अमित्रं मित्रसंपन्नं मित्रैर्भिन्दन्ति पण्डिताः ॥

amitraṃ mitrasaṃpannaṃ mitrairbhindanti paṇḍitāḥ

The wise split an enemy who is rich in allies by working through those allies;

Note on the text: Corrected पण्डितः → पण्डिताः (misprint in Wikisource; the plural verb भिन्दन्ति needs a plural subject; the CE reads paṇḍitāḥ). Half-verse: Wikisource prints CE 3.34.66 as two single lines, both numbered 68; kept as two entries.

Verse 69 (3.33.69)

भिन्नैर्मित्रैः परित्यक्तं दुर्बलं कुरुते वशे ॥

bhinnairmitraiḥ parityaktaṃ durbalaṃ kurute vaśe

then, deserted by his estranged allies and left weak, he is brought under one's control.

Note on the text: Half-verse: second line of CE 3.34.66, also numbered 68 in Wikisource.

Verse 70 (3.33.70)

सत्वेन कुरुते युद्धं राजन्सुबलवानपि । नोद्यमेन न होत्राभिः सर्वाः स्वीकुरुते प्रजाः ॥

satvena kurute yuddhaṃ rājansubalavānapi | nodyamena na hotrābhiḥ sarvāḥ svīkurute prajāḥ

Even a man of great strength fights a war by his courage, O king; it is not by mere exertion, nor by soft-spoken overtures, that a king wins over all his subjects.

Verse 71 (3.33.71)

सर्वथा संहतैरेव दुर्बलैर्बलवानपि । अमित्रः शक्यते हन्तुं मधुहा भ्रमरैरिव ॥

sarvathā saṃhataireva durbalairbalavānapi | amitraḥ śakyate hantuṃ madhuhā bhramarairiva

In every way even a strong enemy can be killed by weak men who band together, as bees kill the man who comes for their honey.

Verse 72 (3.33.72)

यथा राजन्प्रजाः सर्वाः सूर्यः पाति गभस्तिभिः । हन्ति चैव तथैव त्वं सदृशः सवितुर्भव ॥

yathā rājanprajāḥ sarvāḥ sūryaḥ pāti gabhastibhiḥ | hanti caiva tathaiva tvaṃ sadṛśaḥ saviturbhava

Just as the sun with its rays protects all creatures, O king, and also slays them, so you too must be like the sun.

Verse 73 (3.33.73)

एतच्चापि तपो राजन्पुराणमिति नः श्रुतम् । विधिना पालनं भूमेर्यत्कृतं नः पितामहैः ॥

etaccāpi tapo rājanpurāṇamiti naḥ śrutam | vidhinā pālanaṃ bhūmeryatkṛtaṃ naḥ pitāmahaiḥ

This too is austerity, and an ancient one, so we have heard, O king: the lawful protection of the earth, as our forefathers practised it.

Note on the text: Corrected पाजन् → राजन् (misprint in Wikisource; प for र; the CE reads rājan).

Verse 74 (3.33.74)

न तथा तपसा राजँल्लोकान्प्राप्नोति क्षत्रियः । यथा सृष्टेन युद्धेन विजयेनेतरेण वा ॥

na tathā tapasā rājam̐llokānprāpnoti kṣatriyaḥ | yathā sṛṣṭena yuddhena vijayenetareṇa vā

A kshatriya does not win the higher worlds by austerity, O king, so surely as by a war rightly begun, whether it ends in victory or the other way.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension); the CE apparatus records it as insertion 3.34.70*126.

Verse 75 (3.33.75)

अपेयात्किल भा सूर्याल्लक्ष्मीश्चन्द्रमसस्तथा । इति लोको व्यवसितो दृष्ट्वेमां भवतो व्यथाम् ॥

apeyātkila bhā sūryāllakṣmīścandramasastathā | iti loko vyavasito dṛṣṭvemāṃ bhavato vyathām

Seeing this distress of yours, people have concluded that light might sooner leave the sun and beauty the moon than you would leave your word.

Note on the text: Spacing restored: इतिलोको → इति लोको (words run together in Wikisource). Spacing restored: भवतोव्यथाम् → भवतो व्यथाम् (words run together in Wikisource).

Verse 76 (3.33.76)

भवतश्च प्रशंसाभिर्निन्दाभिरितरस्य च । कथयन्त्यः परिषदः पृथग्राजन्समागताः ॥

bhavataśca praśaṃsābhirnindābhiritarasya ca | kathayantyaḥ pariṣadaḥ pṛthagrājansamāgatāḥ

Gatherings that meet here and there talk among themselves, O king, praising you and condemning the other.

Verse 77 (3.33.77)

इदमभ्यधिकं राजन्ब्राह्मणाः कुरवश्च ते । समेताः कथयन्तीह मुदिताः सत्यसन्धताम् ॥

idamabhyadhikaṃ rājanbrāhmaṇāḥ kuravaśca te | sametāḥ kathayantīha muditāḥ satyasandhatām

And more than this, O king: the brahmins and your Kurus meet here and joyfully speak of your devotion to truth —

Verse 78 (3.33.78)

यन्न मोहान्न कार्पण्यान्न लोभान्न भयादपि । अनृतं किंचिदुक्तं ते न कामान्नार्थकारणात् ॥

yanna mohānna kārpaṇyānna lobhānna bhayādapi | anṛtaṃ kiṃciduktaṃ te na kāmānnārthakāraṇāt

that never, from delusion, from meanness, from greed or even from fear, from desire or for the sake of gain, have you spoken any untruth.

Verse 79 (3.33.79)

यदेनः कुरुते किंचिद्राजा भूमिमवाप्नुवन् । सर्वं तन्नुदते पश्चाद्यज्ञैर्विपुलदक्षिणैः ॥

yadenaḥ kurute kiṃcidrājā bhūmimavāpnuvan | sarvaṃ tannudate paścādyajñairvipuladakṣiṇaiḥ

Whatever sin a king commits in winning the earth, he wipes it all away afterwards with sacrifices rich in gifts to the priests.

Verse 80 (3.33.80)

ब्राह्मणेभ्यो ददद्ग्रामान्गाश्च राजन्सहस्रशः । मुच्यते वीर पापेभ्यस्तमोभ्य इव चन्द्रमाः ॥

brāhmaṇebhyo dadadgrāmāngāśca rājansahasraśaḥ | mucyate vīra pāpebhyastamobhya iva candramāḥ

By giving villages and cows by the thousand to brahmins, O king, a hero is freed from his sins, as the moon is freed from darkness.

Verse 81 (3.33.81)

पौरजानपदाः सर्वे प्रायशः कुरुनन्दन । सवृद्धबालाः सहिताः शंसन्ति त्वां युधिष्ठिर ॥

paurajānapadāḥ sarve prāyaśaḥ kurunandana | savṛddhabālāḥ sahitāḥ śaṃsanti tvāṃ yudhiṣṭhira

Nearly all the people of the city and the countryside, O joy of the Kurus, old and young alike, praise you, Yudhishthira.

Verse 82 (3.33.82)

श्वदृतौ क्षीरमासक्तं ब्रह्म वा वृषले यथा । सत्यं स्तेने बलं नार्यां राज्यं दुर्योधने तथा ॥

śvadṛtau kṣīramāsaktaṃ brahma vā vṛṣale yathā | satyaṃ stene balaṃ nāryāṃ rājyaṃ duryodhane tathā

"Like milk poured into a bag of dog's hide, like the Veda in a shudra, like truth in a thief, like strength in a woman — so is the kingdom in Duryodhana's hands."

Verse 83 (3.33.83)

इति लोके निर्वचनं पुरश्चरति भारत । अपि चैताः स्त्रियो बालाः स्वाध्यायमधिकुर्वते ॥

iti loke nirvacanaṃ puraścarati bhārata | api caitāḥ striyo bālāḥ svādhyāyamadhikurvate

This saying goes round openly among the people, O Bharata; even these women and children have taken it up as if it were their daily recitation.

Note on the text: Spacing restored: इतिलोके → इति लोके (words run together in Wikisource).

Verse 84 (3.33.84)

इमामवस्थां च गते सहास्माभिररिंदम । हन्त नष्टाः स्म सर्वे वै भवतोपद्रवे सति ॥

imāmavasthāṃ ca gate sahāsmābhirariṃdama | hanta naṣṭāḥ sma sarve vai bhavatopadrave sati

Now that you have come to this plight along with us, O tamer of foes — alas, we are all ruined, since this disaster came about through you.

Note on the text: Corrected सहास्माभिररिंदम् → सहास्माभिररिंदम (misprint in Wikisource; the vocative अरिंदम takes no virama; the CE apparatus reads ariṃdama). Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension); the CE apparatus records it as insertion 3.34.79*128.

Verse 85 (3.33.85)

स भवान्रथमास्थाय सर्वोपकरणान्वितम् । त्वरमाणोऽभिनिर्यातु विप्रेभ्योऽर्थविभावकः ॥

sa bhavānrathamāsthāya sarvopakaraṇānvitam | tvaramāṇo'bhiniryātu viprebhyo'rthavibhāvakaḥ

So mount your chariot, fitted with all its gear, and set out in haste, to win wealth and bestow it on the brahmins.

Verse 86 (3.33.86)

वाचयित्वा द्विजश्रेष्ठानद्यैव गजसाह्वयम् । अस्त्रविद्भिः परिवृतो भ्रातृभिर्दृढधन्विभिः ॥

vācayitvā dvijaśreṣṭhānadyaiva gajasāhvayam | astravidbhiḥ parivṛto bhrātṛbhirdṛḍhadhanvibhiḥ

Have the best of the twice-born pronounce their blessings, and set out this very day for Gajasahvaya (Hastinapura), surrounded by your brothers, firm bowmen skilled in weapons,

Note on the text: Spacing restored: परिवृतोभ्रातृभिर् → परिवृतो भ्रातृभिर् (words run together in Wikisource). Corresponds to CE 3.34.81abcd; the CE's third line (81ef) opens the next Wikisource verse.

Verse 87 (3.33.87)

आशीविषसमैर्वीरैर्मरुद्भिरिव वृत्रहा । अमित्रांस्तेजसा मृद्नन्नसुरानिव वृत्रहा । श्रियमादत्स्व कौन्तेय धार्तराष्ट्रान्महाबल ॥

āśīviṣasamairvīrairmarudbhiriva vṛtrahā | amitrāṃstejasā mṛdnannasurāniva vṛtrahā | śriyamādatsva kaunteya dhārtarāṣṭrānmahābala

heroes like venomous serpents, as the slayer of Vritra is surrounded by the Maruts. Crushing your enemies with your might, as the slayer of Vritra crushed the asuras, take back your fortune from the sons of Dhritarashtra, mighty son of Kunti.

Note on the text: Corrected मृद्गन् → मृद्नन् (misprint in Wikisource; ग for न in the participle of मृद्; the CE reads mṛdnann). First line corresponds to CE 3.34.81ef, the other two to 3.34.82.

Verse 88 (3.33.88)

न हि गाण्डीवमुक्तानां शराणां गार्ध्रवाससाम् । स्पर्शमाशीविषाभानां मर्त्यः कश्चन संसहेत् ॥

na hi gāṇḍīvamuktānāṃ śarāṇāṃ gārdhravāsasām | sparśamāśīviṣābhānāṃ martyaḥ kaścana saṃsahet

No mortal can bear the touch of the arrows loosed from the Gandiva, fletched with vulture feathers and like venomous serpents.

Verse 89 (3.33.89)

न स वीरो न मातङ्गो न च सोऽश्वोस्ति भारत । यः सहेत गदावेगं मम क्रुद्धस्य संयुगे ॥

na sa vīro na mātaṅgo na ca so'śvosti bhārata | yaḥ saheta gadāvegaṃ mama kruddhasya saṃyuge

There is no hero, no elephant and no horse, O Bharata, that could withstand the force of my mace when I am roused to anger in battle.

Verse 90 (3.33.90)

सृञ्जयैः सह कैकेयैर्वृष्णीनां वृषभेण च । कथं स्विद्युधि कौन्तेय न राज्यं प्राप्नुयामहे ॥

sṛñjayaiḥ saha kaikeyairvṛṣṇīnāṃ vṛṣabheṇa ca | kathaṃ svidyudhi kaunteya na rājyaṃ prāpnuyāmahe

With the Srinjayas and the Kaikeyas, and with the bull of the Vrishnis (Krishna), how could we fail to win the kingdom in battle, son of Kunti?

Note on the text: Spacing restored: सहकैकेयैर् → सह कैकेयैर् (words run together in Wikisource). Spacing restored: कथंस्विद्युधि → कथं स्विद्युधि (words run together in Wikisource).

Verse 91 (3.33.91)

शत्रुहस्तगतां राजन्कथं स्विन्नाहरेर्महीम् । इह यत्नमुपाहृत्य बलेन महताऽन्वितः ॥

śatruhastagatāṃ rājankathaṃ svinnāharermahīm | iha yatnamupāhṛtya balena mahatā'nvitaḥ

O king, why would you not take back the earth that has passed into the enemy's hands, making the effort here, backed by a great army?

Note on the text: Spacing restored: कथंस्विन्नाहरेर् → कथं स्विन्नाहरेर् (words run together in Wikisource). Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension); the CE apparatus records it as insertion 3.34.85*130.