Kapalamochana and Ushangu's Tirtha

Verse 1 (9.40.1)

उषित्वा तत्र रामस्तु सम्पूज्याश्रमवासिनः । तथा मङ्कणके प्रीतिं शुभां चक्रे हलायुधः ॥

uṣitvā tatra rāmastu sampūjyāśramavāsinaḥ | tathā maṅkaṇake prītiṃ śubhāṃ cakre halāyudhaḥ

Having stayed there and honoured the dwellers of the hermitage, Rama the Plough-bearer showed fine affection also to Mankanaka.

Note on the text: Adhyaya note: the page is the right adhyaya (its table rows are labelled 9-40-1a to 9-40-38b, the colophon reads चत्वारिंशोऽध्यायः । 40, and it is not a copy of 39 or 41); the input's 38 verses agree with the page's table row for row. The critical edition's 9.38 is this page (9.38.1-33). Not added: the four chapter-summary heading lines above the table (numbered 1-4), and, after the colophon and the closing table tag, a block of commentary glosses and variant readings (lines labelled 9-40-17, 24, 33, 36 and a stray 9-40-40 चत्वारिंशोऽध्यायः line). Page headings: वैशम्पायन उवाच (1), जनमेजय उवाच (8), वैशम्पायन उवाच (9). CE 9.38.1 reads the same.

Verse 2 (9.40.2)

दत्त्वा दानं द्विजातिभ्यो रजनीं तामुपोष्य च । पूजितो मुनिसङ्घैश्च प्रातरुत्थाय लाङ्गली ॥

dattvā dānaṃ dvijātibhyo rajanīṃ tāmupoṣya ca | pūjito munisaṅghaiśca prātarutthāya lāṅgalī

He gave gifts to the twice-born and fasted through that night; then, honoured by the companies of sages, the Plough-bearer rose at dawn,

Note on the text: Corrected मुनिसङ्खैश्च → मुनिसङ्घैश्च (misprint in Wikisource; ख for घ; the critical edition reads munisaṃghaiḥ).

Verse 3 (9.40.3)

अनुज्ञाप्य मुनीन्सर्वान्स्पृष्ट्वा तोयं च भारत । प्रययौ त्वरितो रामस्तीर्थहेतोर्महाबलः ॥

anujñāpya munīnsarvānspṛṣṭvā toyaṃ ca bhārata | prayayau tvarito rāmastīrthahetormahābalaḥ

took leave of all the sages and touched water, O Bharata, and the mighty Rama set out in haste to visit tirthas.

Verse 4 (9.40.4)

ततस्त्वौशनसं तीर्थमाजगाम हलायुधः । कपालमोचनं नाम यत्र मुक्तो महामुनिः ॥

tatastvauśanasaṃ tīrthamājagāma halāyudhaḥ | kapālamocanaṃ nāma yatra mukto mahāmuniḥ

Then the Plough-bearer came to the Aushanasa tirtha, called Kapalamochana, where the great sage was set free

Note on the text: Line 1 is a recension variant (ततस्त्वौशनसं; CE tata auśanasaṃ); kept.

Verse 5 (9.40.5)

महता शिरसा राजन्ग्रस्तजङ्घो महोदरः । राक्षसस्य महाराज रामक्षिप्तस्य वै पुरा ॥

mahatā śirasā rājangrastajaṅgho mahodaraḥ | rākṣasasya mahārāja rāmakṣiptasya vai purā

from the great head that had gripped his thigh, Mahodara the sage, the head of a demon struck down by Rama long ago, O great king.

Verse 6 (9.40.6)

तत्र पूर्वं तपस्तप्तं काव्येन सुमहात्मना । यत्रास्य नीतिरखिला प्रादुर्भूता महात्मनः । यत्रस्थश्चिन्तयामास दैत्यदानवविग्रहम् ॥

tatra pūrvaṃ tapastaptaṃ kāvyena sumahātmanā | yatrāsya nītirakhilā prādurbhūtā mahātmanaḥ | yatrasthaścintayāmāsa daityadānavavigraham

There in former times Kavya of great soul practised austerity; there the whole of his science of polity arose for him, and staying there he pondered the war with the Daityas and Danavas.

Verse 7 (9.40.7)

तत्प्राप्य च बलो राजंस्तीर्थप्रवरमुत्तमम् । विधिवद्वै ददौ वित्तं ब्राह्मणानां महात्मनाम् ॥

tatprāpya ca balo rājaṃstīrthapravaramuttamam | vidhivadvai dadau vittaṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ mahātmanām

Reaching that excellent best of tirthas, Bala, O king, duly gave wealth to the great-souled brahmins.

Verse 8 (9.40.8)

कपालमोचनं ब्रह्मन्कथं यत्र महामुनिः । मुक्तः कथं चास्य शिरो लग्नं केन च हेतुना ॥

kapālamocanaṃ brahmankathaṃ yatra mahāmuniḥ | muktaḥ kathaṃ cāsya śiro lagnaṃ kena ca hetunā

Brahmin, why is the place called Kapalamochana, where the great sage was set free? How was he set free, and how, and for what reason, did the head cling to him?

Verse 9 (9.40.9)

पुरा वै दण्डकारण्ये राघवेण महात्मना । वसता राजशार्दूल राक्षसाञ्शमयिष्यता ॥

purā vai daṇḍakāraṇye rāghaveṇa mahātmanā | vasatā rājaśārdūla rākṣasāñśamayiṣyatā

Long ago, O tiger among kings, when great-souled Raghava was dwelling in the Dandaka forest, intending to subdue the demons,

Note on the text: Line 2 is a recension variant (राक्षसाञ्शमयिष्यता; CE rākṣasās tatra hiṃsitāḥ); kept.

Verse 10 (9.40.10)

जनस्थाने शिरश्छिन्नं राक्षसस्य दुरात्मनः । क्षुरेण शितधारेण तत्पपात महावने ॥

janasthāne śiraśchinnaṃ rākṣasasya durātmanaḥ | kṣureṇa śitadhāreṇa tatpapāta mahāvane

and in Janasthana the head of a wicked demon was cut off by a razor-headed arrow with a sharp edge, and it fell in the great forest.

Note on the text: Corrected तत्पणात → तत्पपात (misprint in Wikisource; ण for प; the critical edition reads tat papāta).

Verse 11 (9.40.11)

महोदरस्य तल्लग्नं जङ्घायां वै यदृच्छया । वने विचरतो राजन्नस्थि भित्त्वाऽस्फुरत्तदा ॥

mahodarasya tallagnaṃ jaṅghāyāṃ vai yadṛcchayā | vane vicarato rājannasthi bhittvā'sphurattadā

As Mahodara wandered in the forest, O king, that head by chance stuck in his thigh; it pierced the bone and throbbed.

Verse 12 (9.40.12)

स तेन लग्नेन तदा द्विजातिर्न शशाक ह । अभिगन्तुं महाप्राज्ञस्तीर्थान्यायतनानि च ॥

sa tena lagnena tadā dvijātirna śaśāka ha | abhigantuṃ mahāprājñastīrthānyāyatanāni ca

Because of what clung to him, that twice-born, greatly wise, was unable to go to tirthas and holy places.

Verse 13 (9.40.13)

स पूतिना विस्रवता वेदनार्तो महामुनिः । जगाम सर्वतीर्थानि पृथिव्यां चेति नः श्रुतम् ॥

sa pūtinā visravatā vedanārto mahāmuniḥ | jagāma sarvatīrthāni pṛthivyāṃ ceti naḥ śrutam

Racked with pain from the putrid, oozing wound, that great sage, so we have heard, went to all the tirthas on earth.

Note on the text: Corrected जगाम् → जगाम (misprint in Wikisource; stray halant; the critical edition reads jagāma).

Verse 14 (9.40.14)

स गत्वा सरितः सर्वाः समुद्रांश्च महातपाः । कथयामास तत्सर्वमृषीणां भावितात्मनाम् ॥

sa gatvā saritaḥ sarvāḥ samudrāṃśca mahātapāḥ | kathayāmāsa tatsarvamṛṣīṇāṃ bhāvitātmanām

That man of great austerity went to all the rivers and oceans, and told all this to the sages of purified souls.

Verse 15 (9.40.15)

आप्लुत्य सर्वतीर्थेषु न च मोक्षमवाप्तवान् । स तु शुश्राव विप्रेन्द्रो मुनीनां वचनं महत् ॥

āplutya sarvatīrtheṣu na ca mokṣamavāptavān | sa tu śuśrāva viprendro munīnāṃ vacanaṃ mahat

Though he bathed in all the tirthas, he did not gain release. Then that best of brahmins heard a weighty word from the sages:

Note on the text: Line 1 is a recension variant (आप्लुत्य; CE āplutaḥ); kept.

Verse 16 (9.40.16)

सरस्वत्यास्तीर्थवरं ख्यातमौशनसं तदा । सर्वपापप्रशमनं सिद्धिक्षेत्रमनुत्तमम् ॥

sarasvatyāstīrthavaraṃ khyātamauśanasaṃ tadā | sarvapāpapraśamanaṃ siddhikṣetramanuttamam

"There is the Aushanasa, the finest tirtha of the Sarasvati, renowned, the destroyer of all sin, the unsurpassed field of perfection."

Verse 17 (9.40.17)

स तु गत्वा ततस्तत्र तीर्थमौशनसं द्विजः ॥

sa tu gatvā tatastatra tīrthamauśanasaṃ dvijaḥ

Then that twice-born went to the Aushanasa tirtha.

Note on the text: A one-line verse on the page, labelled 9-40-17a (it is CE 9.38.17a; the critical edition's 17c,e are the next verse here, which the alignment left unmatched).

Verse 18 (9.40.18)

तत औशनसे तीर्थे तस्योपस्पृशतस्तदा । तच्छिरश्चरणं मुक्त्वा पपातान्तर्जले तदा ॥

tata auśanase tīrthe tasyopaspṛśatastadā | tacchiraścaraṇaṃ muktvā papātāntarjale tadā

Then, as he touched the water at the Aushanasa tirtha, the head let go of his leg and fell into the water.

Note on the text: Restored from the critical edition (9.38.17e): Wikisource prints "xxx च्छरश्चरणं" for the start of line 2; the critical edition reads tacchiraś caraṇaṃ muktvā papātāntarjale tadā. Lines 1-2 = CE 9.38.17c,e.

Verse 19 (9.40.19)

विमुक्तस्तेन शिरसा परं सुखमवाप ह । स चाप्यन्तर्जले मूर्धा जगामादर्शनं विभो ॥

vimuktastena śirasā paraṃ sukhamavāpa ha | sa cāpyantarjale mūrdhā jagāmādarśanaṃ vibho

Freed from that head, he found great relief; and the head itself went out of sight in the water, O lord.

Note on the text: Not matched by the alignment: = the star passage 9.38.17f*0241_01-02 (vimuktas tena śirasā paraṃ sukham avāpa ha / sa cāpy antarjale mūrdhā jagāmādarśanaṃ vibho).

Verse 20 (9.40.20)

ततः स विरुजो राजन्पूतात्मा वीतकल्मषः । आजगामाश्रमं प्रीतः कृतकृत्यो महोदरः ॥

tataḥ sa virujo rājanpūtātmā vītakalmaṣaḥ | ājagāmāśramaṃ prītaḥ kṛtakṛtyo mahodaraḥ

Then, free of pain, O king, pure in soul and cleansed of sin, Mahodara, glad and his task done, returned to his hermitage.

Verse 21 (9.40.21)

सोऽथ गत्वाऽऽश्रमं पुण्यं विप्रमुक्तो महातपाः । कथयामास तत्सर्वमृषीणां भावितात्मनाम् ॥

so'tha gatvā''śramaṃ puṇyaṃ vipramukto mahātapāḥ | kathayāmāsa tatsarvamṛṣīṇāṃ bhāvitātmanām

Reaching the holy hermitage, released from the head, that man of great austerity told it all to the sages of purified souls.

Verse 22 (9.40.22)

ते श्रुत्वा वचनं तस्य ततस्तीर्थस्य मानद । कपालमोचनमिति नाम चक्रुः समागताः ॥

te śrutvā vacanaṃ tasya tatastīrthasya mānada | kapālamocanamiti nāma cakruḥ samāgatāḥ

Hearing his words, the sages who had gathered there, O giver of honour, gave that tirtha the name Kapalamochana.

Verse 23 (9.40.23)

स चापि तीर्थप्रवरं पुनर्गत्वा महानृषिः । पीत्वा पयःसुविपुलं सिद्धिमायात्तदा मुनिः ॥

sa cāpi tīrthapravaraṃ punargatvā mahānṛṣiḥ | pītvā payaḥsuvipulaṃ siddhimāyāttadā muniḥ

And that great sage went again to the best of tirthas, drank its abundant water, and so attained perfection.

Note on the text: Not matched by the alignment: = the star passage 9.38.20d*0242_01-02 (sa cāpi tīrthapravaraṃ punar gatvā mahān ṛṣiḥ / pītvā payaḥ suvipulaṃ siddhim āyāt tadā muniḥ).

Verse 24 (9.40.24)

तत्र दत्त्वा बहून्देयान्विप्रान्सम्पूज्य माधवः । जगाम तत्र राजेन्द्र उशङ्गोराश्रमं तदा ॥

tatra dattvā bahūndeyānviprānsampūjya mādhavaḥ | jagāma tatra rājendra uśaṅgorāśramaṃ tadā

There Madhava, having given many gifts and honoured the brahmins, then went, O king, to the hermitage of Ushangu,

Note on the text: Line 1 is a recension variant of CE 9.38.21a (tatra dattvā bahūn dāyān viprān saṃpūjya mādhavaḥ); line 2 differs (CE jagāma vṛṣṇipravaro ruṣaṅgor āśramaṃ tadā; the page's उशङ्गु is the same name as the CE's Ruṣaṅgu); kept.

Verse 25 (9.40.25)

यत्र तप्तं तपो घोरमार्ष्टिषेणेन भारत । ब्राह्मण्यं लब्धवान्यत्र विश्वामित्रो महामुनिः ॥

yatra taptaṃ tapo ghoramārṣṭiṣeṇena bhārata | brāhmaṇyaṃ labdhavānyatra viśvāmitro mahāmuniḥ

where Arshtishena practised fierce austerity, O Bharata, and where the great sage Vishvamitra gained brahminhood.

Verse 26 (9.40.26)

सर्वकामसमृद्धं च तदाश्रमपदं महत् । मुनिभिर्ब्राह्मणैश्चैव सेवितं सर्वदा विभो ॥

sarvakāmasamṛddhaṃ ca tadāśramapadaṃ mahat | munibhirbrāhmaṇaiścaiva sevitaṃ sarvadā vibho

That great hermitage was rich in every desire, and was always frequented, O lord, by sages and brahmins.

Note on the text: Not matched by the alignment: = the star passage 9.38.22d*0243_01-02 (sarvakāmasamṛddhaṃ ca tad āśramapadaṃ mahat / munibhir brāhmaṇaiś caiva sevitaṃ sarvadā vibho).

Verse 27 (9.40.27)

ततो हलधरः श्रीमान्ब्राह्मणैः परिवारितः । जगाम तत्र राजेन्द्र उशङ्गुस्तनुमत्यजत् ॥

tato haladharaḥ śrīmānbrāhmaṇaiḥ parivāritaḥ | jagāma tatra rājendra uśaṅgustanumatyajat

Then the radiant Plough-bearer, surrounded by brahmins, went to the place, O king, where Ushangu had given up his body.

Note on the text: Line 2 is a recension variant (CE jagāma yatra rājendra ruṣaṅgus tanum atyajat); kept.

Verse 28 (9.40.28)

उशङ्गुर्ब्राह्मणो वृद्धस्तपोनित्यश्च भारत । देहन्यासे कृतमना विचिन्त्य बहुधा तदा ॥

uśaṅgurbrāhmaṇo vṛddhastaponityaśca bhārata | dehanyāse kṛtamanā vicintya bahudhā tadā

Ushangu was an aged brahmin, ever devoted to austerity, O Bharata; his mind was set on laying down the body, and after considering it in many ways,

Verse 29 (9.40.29)

ततः सर्वानुपादाय तनयान्वै महातपाः । उशङ्गुरब्रवीत्तत्र नयध्वं मां पृथूदकम् ॥

tataḥ sarvānupādāya tanayānvai mahātapāḥ | uśaṅgurabravīttatra nayadhvaṃ māṃ pṛthūdakam

the great ascetic gathered all his sons about him and said there, "Take me to Prithudaka."

Verse 30 (9.40.30)

विज्ञायातीतवयसमुशङ्गुं ते तपोधनाः । तं च तीर्थमुपानिन्युः सरस्वत्यास्तपोधनम् ॥

vijñāyātītavayasamuśaṅguṃ te tapodhanāḥ | taṃ ca tīrthamupāninyuḥ sarasvatyāstapodhanam

Knowing that Ushangu was far advanced in years, his austere sons brought the ascetic to that tirtha of the Sarasvati.

Note on the text: Corrected तीर्थमपानिन्युः → तीर्थमुपानिन्युः (misprint in Wikisource; अ for उ, giving the opposite sense 'led away'; the critical edition reads upāninyuḥ). Line 1 is a recension variant (विज्ञायातीतवयसमुशङ्गुं; CE vijñāyātītavayasaṃ ruṣaṅguṃ); kept.

Verse 31 (9.40.31)

स तैः पुत्रैस्तदा धीमानानीतो वै सरस्वतीम् । पुण्यां तीर्थशतोपेतां विप्रसङ्घैर्निषेविताम् ॥

sa taiḥ putraistadā dhīmānānīto vai sarasvatīm | puṇyāṃ tīrthaśatopetāṃ viprasaṅghairniṣevitām

The wise man was brought by his sons to the Sarasvati, the holy river with hundreds of tirthas, frequented by companies of brahmins.

Verse 32 (9.40.32)

स तत्र विधिना राजन्नाप्लुत्य सुमहातपाः । ज्ञात्वा तीर्थगुणांश्चैव प्राहेदमृषिसत्तमः । सुप्रीतः पुरुषव्याघ्र सर्वान्पुत्रानुपासतः ॥

sa tatra vidhinā rājannāplutya sumahātapāḥ | jñātvā tīrthaguṇāṃścaiva prāhedamṛṣisattamaḥ | suprītaḥ puruṣavyāghra sarvānputrānupāsataḥ

There, O king, the great ascetic bathed according to the rule; and knowing the virtues of the tirtha, that best of sages, well pleased, O tiger among men, said this to all his sons as they attended him:

Verse 33 (9.40.33)

सरस्वत्युत्तरे तीरे यस्त्यजेदात्मनस्तनुम् । पृथूदके जप्यपरो नैनं श्वो मरणं तपेत् ॥

sarasvatyuttare tīre yastyajedātmanastanum | pṛthūdake japyaparo nainaṃ śvo maraṇaṃ tapet

"Whoever gives up his body on the northern bank of the Sarasvati at Prithudaka, intent on muttering prayers, death on the morrow shall not torment him."

Note on the text: The page prints no speaker heading; the verse is Ushangu's own saying, introduced by the previous verse (प्राहेदम्), so it is given to Ushangu (the critical edition also has no heading, here Ruṣaṅgu). Line 2 = CE 9.38.29c (pṛthūdake japyaparo nainaṃ śvomaraṇaṃ tapet).

Verse 34 (9.40.34)

इत्युक्त्वा स्वां तनुं त्यक्त्वा प्रपेदे वैष्णवं पदम् । तत्राप्लुत्य स धर्मात्मा उपस्पृश्य हलायुधः । दत्त्वा चैव बहून्देयान्विप्राणां विप्रवत्सलः ॥

ityuktvā svāṃ tanuṃ tyaktvā prapede vaiṣṇavaṃ padam | tatrāplutya sa dharmātmā upaspṛśya halāyudhaḥ | dattvā caiva bahūndeyānviprāṇāṃ vipravatsalaḥ

Having said this, he gave up his body and reached the abode of Vishnu. Bathing there and sipping the water, the righteous Halayudha, fond of brahmins, gave many gifts to the brahmins,

Note on the text: Removed stray wiki marks (backticks and quote marks). Corrected बूहून्देयान् → बहून्देयान् (misprint in Wikisource; ू for अ; the critical edition reads bahūn dāyān). Line 1 (इत्युक्त्वा स्वां तनुं त्यक्त्वा प्रपेदे वैष्णवं पदम्) is not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension); lines 2-3 = CE 9.38.30a,c.

Verse 35 (9.40.35)

ससर्ज यत्र भगवाँल्लोकाँल्लोकपितामहः ॥

sasarja yatra bhagavām̐llokām̐llokapitāmahaḥ

in the place where the revered Grandfather of the worlds created the worlds,

Note on the text: A one-line verse on the page, labelled 9-40-35a (it is CE 9.38.31a; the critical edition's 31c,e are the next verse here); not lost text.

Verse 36 (9.40.36)

यत्रार्ष्टिषेणः कौरव्य ब्राह्मण्यं संशितव्रतः । तपसा महता राजन्प्राप्तवानृषिसत्तमः ॥

yatrārṣṭiṣeṇaḥ kauravya brāhmaṇyaṃ saṃśitavrataḥ | tapasā mahatā rājanprāptavānṛṣisattamaḥ

where Arshtishena, O Kaurava, firm in his vows, gained brahminhood by great austerity, O king, that best of sages,

Note on the text: Not matched by the alignment: = CE 9.38.31c,e.

Verse 37 (9.40.37)

सिन्धुद्वीपश्च राजर्षिर्देवापिश्च महातपाः । ब्राह्मण्यं लब्धवान्यत्र विश्वामित्रस्तथा मुनिः ॥

sindhudvīpaśca rājarṣirdevāpiśca mahātapāḥ | brāhmaṇyaṃ labdhavānyatra viśvāmitrastathā muniḥ

and where the royal sage Sindhudvipa and Devapi of great austerity, and the sage Vishvamitra, gained brahminhood —

Note on the text: Not matched by the alignment: = CE 9.38.32a,c.

Verse 38 (9.40.38)

महातपस्वी भगवानुग्रतेजा महातपाः । तत्राजगाम बलवान्बलभद्रः प्रतापवान् ॥

mahātapasvī bhagavānugratejā mahātapāḥ | tatrājagāma balavānbalabhadraḥ pratāpavān

there came the mighty Balabhadra, glorious, a great ascetic, the revered one of fierce splendour and great austerity.

Note on the text: Corrected महातपस्वीं → महातपस्वी (misprint in Wikisource; stray anusvara; the critical edition reads mahātapasvī). Not matched by the alignment: line 1 = CE 9.38.32e, line 2 = CE 9.38.33a.