The Thirteen Enemies of Mankind

Verse 1 (12.161.1)

यतः प्रभवति क्रोधः कामो वा भरतर्षभ । शोकमोहौ विधित्सा च परासुत्वं तथा मदः ॥

yataḥ prabhavati krodhaḥ kāmo vā bharatarṣabha | śokamohau vidhitsā ca parāsutvaṃ tathā madaḥ

From what source do anger and desire arise, best of the Bharatas, and grief, delusion, the urge to act, ruthlessness and pride,

Verse 2 (12.161.2)

लोभो मात्सर्यमीर्ष्या च कुत्साऽसूया कृपा भयम् । एतत्सर्वं महाप्राज्ञ याथातथ्येन मे वद ॥

lobho mātsaryamīrṣyā ca kutsā'sūyā kṛpā bhayam | etatsarvaṃ mahāprājña yāthātathyena me vada

greed, envy, jealousy, scorn, fault-finding, pity and fear? Tell me all this exactly as it is, O greatly wise one.

Verse 3 (12.161.3)

त्रयोदशैतेऽतिबलाः शत्रवः प्राणिनां स्मृताः । उपासते महाराज समन्तात्पुरुषानिह ॥

trayodaśaite'tibalāḥ śatravaḥ prāṇināṃ smṛtāḥ | upāsate mahārāja samantātpuruṣāniha

These thirteen are held to be exceedingly powerful enemies of living beings; they beset men on every side here, O great king.

Verse 4 (12.161.4)

एते प्रमत्तं पुरुषमप्रमत्तास्तुदन्ति च । वृका इव विलुम्पन्ति दृष्ट्वेव पुरुषेतरान् ॥

ete pramattaṃ puruṣamapramattāstudanti ca | vṛkā iva vilumpanti dṛṣṭveva puruṣetarān

These, themselves ever alert, torment a careless man; like wolves they tear at him, as though they looked upon mere beasts and not men.

Verse 5 (12.161.5)

एभ्यः प्रवर्तते दुःखमेभ्यः पापं प्रवर्तते । इति मर्त्यो विजानीयात्सततं पुरुषर्षभ ॥

ebhyaḥ pravartate duḥkhamebhyaḥ pāpaṃ pravartate | iti martyo vijānīyātsatataṃ puruṣarṣabha

From these arises sorrow, and from these sin arises; a mortal should always know this, best of men.

Verse 6 (12.161.6)

एतेषामुदयं स्थानं क्षयं च पृथिवीपते । हन्त ते कथयिष्यामि क्रोधस्योत्पत्तिमादितः । यथातत्त्वं क्षितिपते तन्मे निगदतः शृणु ॥

eteṣāmudayaṃ sthānaṃ kṣayaṃ ca pṛthivīpate | hanta te kathayiṣyāmi krodhasyotpattimāditaḥ | yathātattvaṃ kṣitipate tanme nigadataḥ śṛṇu

Of these, O lord of the earth, I shall tell you the rise, the stay and the decline, beginning with the origin of anger. Listen to me as I tell it truly, O lord of the earth.

Note on the text: Three-line verse, as on the page (12-161-6a-c). Line 1 = CE 12.157.6a (the alignment found no match). Line 2 = CE 6c first half (hanta te vartayiṣyāmi, here कथयिष्यामि) followed by the first CE star passage 12.157.6c*0409_01 (krodhasyotpattim āditaḥ); line 3 = CE star passage 12.157.6c*0409_02 (yathātattvaṃ kṣitipate) followed by CE 6c second half (tan me nigadataḥ śṛṇu).

Verse 7 (12.161.7)

लोभात्क्रोधः प्रभवति परदोषैरुदीर्यते । क्षमया तिष्ठते राजन्क्षमया विनिवर्तते ॥

lobhātkrodhaḥ prabhavati paradoṣairudīryate | kṣamayā tiṣṭhate rājankṣamayā vinivartate

Anger arises from greed and is roused by the faults of others; it stays by forbearance, O king, and by forbearance it turns away.

Verse 8 (12.161.8)

संकल्पाज्जायते कामः सेव्यमानो विवर्धते । यदा प्राज्ञो विरमते तदा सद्यः प्रणश्यति ॥

saṃkalpājjāyate kāmaḥ sevyamāno vivardhate | yadā prājño viramate tadā sadyaḥ praṇaśyati

Desire is born of intention and grows when it is indulged; when the wise man turns away from it, it perishes at once.

Note on the text: The alignment found no match. Line 1 = CE 12.157.8a; line 2 is the CE star passage 12.157.8b*0410_01 (yadā prājño viramate tadā sadyaḥ praṇaśyati). CE 8c (avadyadarśanād vyeti …) follows in the next verse.

Verse 9 (12.161.9)

परासूया क्रोधलोभावन्तरा प्रतिमुच्यते । दयया सर्वभूतानां निर्वेदाद्विनिवर्तते । अवद्यदर्शनादेति तत्त्वज्ञानाच्च नश्यति ॥

parāsūyā krodhalobhāvantarā pratimucyate | dayayā sarvabhūtānāṃ nirvedādvinivartate | avadyadarśanādeti tattvajñānācca naśyati

Fault-finding of others, anger and greed are let loose in the meanwhile; they turn away through compassion for all beings and through disenchantment. They go when one sees their fault, and are destroyed by knowledge of the truth.

Note on the text: Corrected परामूया → परासूया (misprint in Wikisource; मू for सू; the CE star passage reads parāsūyā) and removed the square brackets and stray daṇḍa Wikisource prints around lines 1-2. The alignment found no match. Lines 1-2 = CE star passage 12.157.8b*0410_02-03 (parāsūyā krodhalobhāv antarā pratimucyate / dayayā sarvabhūtānāṃ nirvedād vinivartate); line 3 = CE 12.157.8c (avadyadarśanād vyeti tattvajñānāc ca dhīmatām), with नश्यति in place of dhīmatām.

Verse 10 (12.161.10)

अज्ञानप्रभवो मोहः पापाभ्यासात्प्रवर्तते । यदा प्राज्ञेषु रमते तदा सद्यः प्रणश्यति ॥

ajñānaprabhavo mohaḥ pāpābhyāsātpravartate | yadā prājñeṣu ramate tadā sadyaḥ praṇaśyati

Delusion is born of ignorance and arises from the habit of sin; when a man delights in the wise, it perishes at once.

Note on the text: The alignment found no match. Both lines are the CE star passage 12.157.10d*0411_01-02 (ajñānaprabhavo mohaḥ pāpābhyāsāt pravartate / yadā prājñeṣu ramate tadā sadyaḥ praṇaśyati).

Verse 11 (12.161.11)

विरुद्धानीह शास्त्राणि ये पश्यन्ति कुरूद्वह । विधित्सा जायते तेषां तत्त्वज्ञानान्निवर्तते ॥

viruddhānīha śāstrāṇi ye paśyanti kurūdvaha | vidhitsā jāyate teṣāṃ tattvajñānānnivartate

For those who see the scriptures as contradicting one another, O Kuru hero, the urge to act arises; it turns away through knowledge of the truth.

Verse 12 (12.161.12)

प्रीतेः शोकः प्रभवति वियोगात्तस्य देहिनः । यदा निरर्थकं वेत्ति तदा सद्यः प्रणश्यति ॥

prīteḥ śokaḥ prabhavati viyogāttasya dehinaḥ | yadā nirarthakaṃ vetti tadā sadyaḥ praṇaśyati

Grief arises from affection, from the separation of that embodied being from the one he loved; when he sees that it is of no use, it perishes at once.

Verse 13 (12.161.13)

परासुता क्रोधलोभादभ्यासाच्च प्रवर्तते । दयया सर्वभूतानां निर्वेदात्सा निवर्तते ॥

parāsutā krodhalobhādabhyāsācca pravartate | dayayā sarvabhūtānāṃ nirvedātsā nivartate

Ruthlessness arises from anger and greed and from habit; it turns away through compassion for all beings and through disenchantment.

Verse 14 (12.161.14)

सत्यत्यागात्तु मात्सर्यमहितानां च सेवया । एतत्तु क्षीयते तात साधूनामुपसेवनात् ॥

satyatyāgāttu mātsaryamahitānāṃ ca sevayā | etattu kṣīyate tāta sādhūnāmupasevanāt

Envy arises from abandoning truth and from serving those who do one harm; it is wasted away, dear son, by attending on the good.

Verse 15 (12.161.15)

कुलाञ्ज्ञानात्तथैश्वर्यान्मदो भवति देहिनाम् । एभिरेव तु विज्ञातैर्मदः सद्यः प्रणश्यति ॥

kulāñjñānāttathaiśvaryānmado bhavati dehinām | ebhireva tu vijñātairmadaḥ sadyaḥ praṇaśyati

Pride arises in embodied beings from family, from learning and from lordship; when these are rightly understood, pride perishes at once.

Verse 16 (12.161.16)

ईर्ष्या कामात्प्रभवति संहर्षाच्चैव जायते । इतरेषां तु सत्वानां प्रज्ञया सा प्रणश्यति ॥

īrṣyā kāmātprabhavati saṃharṣāccaiva jāyate | itareṣāṃ tu satvānāṃ prajñayā sā praṇaśyati

Jealousy arises from desire and is born of rivalry; in other creatures it is destroyed by discernment.

Verse 17 (12.161.17)

विभ्रमाल्लोकबाह्यानां द्वेष्यैर्वाक्यैरसंमतैः । कुत्सा संजायते राजँल्लोकान्प्रेक्ष्याभिशाम्यति ॥

vibhramāllokabāhyānāṃ dveṣyairvākyairasaṃmataiḥ | kutsā saṃjāyate rājam̐llokānprekṣyābhiśāmyati

From the confusion of those who stand outside the world, through hateful and unwelcome words, scorn is born, O king; it is stilled on looking at people as they are.

Verse 18 (12.161.18)

प्रतिकर्तुं न शक्ता ये बलस्थायापकारिणे । असूया जायते तीव्रा कारुण्याद्विनिवर्तते ॥

pratikartuṃ na śaktā ye balasthāyāpakāriṇe | asūyā jāyate tīvrā kāruṇyādvinivartate

In those who cannot repay one who, relying on his strength, does them harm, fierce fault-finding is born; it turns away through tenderness.

Verse 19 (12.161.19)

कृपणान्सततं दृष्ट्वा ततः संजायते कृपा । धर्मनिष्ठां यदा वेत्ति तदा शाम्यति सा कृपा ॥

kṛpaṇānsatataṃ dṛṣṭvā tataḥ saṃjāyate kṛpā | dharmaniṣṭhāṃ yadā vetti tadā śāmyati sā kṛpā

Seeing wretched people again and again, pity is born; when a man knows the final footing of dharma, that pity is stilled.

Verse 20 (12.161.20)

अज्ञानप्रभवो लोभो भूतानां दृश्यते सदा । अस्थिरत्वं च भोगानां दृष्ट्वा ज्ञात्वा निवर्तते ॥

ajñānaprabhavo lobho bhūtānāṃ dṛśyate sadā | asthiratvaṃ ca bhogānāṃ dṛṣṭvā jñātvā nivartate

Greed is always seen to arise in beings from ignorance; seeing and understanding the instability of pleasures, it turns away.

Note on the text: The alignment found no match. Both lines are the CE star passage 12.157.17b*0412_01-02 (ajñānaprabhavo lobho bhūtānāṃ dṛśyate sadā / asthiratvaṃ ca bhogānāṃ dṛṣṭvā jñātvā nivartate).

Verse 21 (12.161.21)

एतान्येव जितान्याहुः प्रशान्तेन त्रयोदश । एते हि धार्तराष्ट्राणां सर्वे दोषास्त्रयोदश । त्वया सत्यार्थिना नित्यं विजिता जेष्यता च ते ॥

etānyeva jitānyāhuḥ praśāntena trayodaśa | ete hi dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ sarve doṣāstrayodaśa | tvayā satyārthinā nityaṃ vijitā jeṣyatā ca te

Through serenity, they say, these very thirteen are conquered. All these thirteen faults belong to Dhritarashtra's sons; they have been conquered by you, who ever seek truth and are destined to conquer.

Note on the text: Corrected जेष्यता चते → जेष्यता च ते (two words wrongly run together in Wikisource). Three-line verse, as on the page (12-161-21a-c) = CE 12.157.18a, 18c, 18e, with variants (प्रशान्तेन against praśamāc ca; सत्यार्थिना … जेष्यता against sarvātmanā … jeṣyase ca tān).