Taking Wealth for Sacrifice, and Expiations for Sins

Verse 1 (12.163.1)

कृतार्थी यक्ष्यमाणश्च सर्ववेदान्तगश्च यः । आचार्यपितृकार्यार्थं स्वाध्यायार्थमथापि च ॥

kṛtārthī yakṣyamāṇaśca sarvavedāntagaśca yaḥ | ācāryapitṛkāryārthaṃ svādhyāyārthamathāpi ca

Those who have accomplished their aim, who are about to perform a sacrifice, who have gone through the whole of the Vedanta, or who seek for the sake of a teacher, of the rites for the ancestors, or of study,

Verse 2 (12.163.2)

एते वै साधवो दृष्टा ब्राह्मणाः धर्मभिक्षवः । निःस्वेभ्यो देयमेतेभ्यो दानं विद्या च भारत ॥

ete vai sādhavo dṛṣṭā brāhmaṇāḥ dharmabhikṣavaḥ | niḥsvebhyo deyametebhyo dānaṃ vidyā ca bhārata

these are known to be good men, brahmins who beg for the sake of dharma. To such of them as are destitute, gifts and learning should be given, O Bharata.

Verse 3 (12.163.3)

अन्यत्र दक्षिणादानं देयं भरतसत्तम । अन्येभ्योऽपि बहिर्वेदि न कृतान्नं विधीयते ॥

anyatra dakṣiṇādānaṃ deyaṃ bharatasattama | anyebhyo'pi bahirvedi na kṛtānnaṃ vidhīyate

Apart from these, a sacrificial fee should be given elsewhere too, O best of the Bharatas; and to others, outside the sacrificial altar, no cooked food is prescribed.

Verse 4 (12.163.4)

सर्वरत्नानि राजा हि यथार्हं प्रतिपादयेत् । ब्राह्मणायैव यज्ञाश्च सहान्नाः सहदक्षिणाः ॥

sarvaratnāni rājā hi yathārhaṃ pratipādayet | brāhmaṇāyaiva yajñāśca sahānnāḥ sahadakṣiṇāḥ

A king should give all kinds of jewels, in due measure, to the brahmin alone; and the sacrifices, together with their food and their fees, are likewise for the brahmin.

Verse 5 (12.163.5)

अन्येभ्यो विमलाचारा यजन्ते गुणतः सदा । यस्य त्रैवार्षिकं भक्तं पर्याप्तं भृत्यवृत्तये । अधिकं चापि विद्येत स सोमं पातुमर्हति ॥

anyebhyo vimalācārā yajante guṇataḥ sadā | yasya traivārṣikaṃ bhaktaṃ paryāptaṃ bhṛtyavṛttaye | adhikaṃ cāpi vidyeta sa somaṃ pātumarhati

Others, of spotless conduct, always sacrifice according to their worth. A man whose store of food for three years is enough to maintain his dependents, and who has even more besides, is fit to drink soma.

Note on the text: Line 1 is a variant of the CE star line 12.159.4d*0413_01 (anyonyaspardhino rājan yajante guṇataḥ sadā); lines 2–3 are 12.159.5a, 5c. The alignment found no match.

Verse 6 (12.163.6)

यज्ञश्चेत्प्रतिरुद्धः स्यादंशेनैकेन यज्वनः । ब्राह्मणस्य विशेषेण धार्मिके सति राजनि ॥

yajñaścetpratiruddhaḥ syādaṃśenaikena yajvanaḥ | brāhmaṇasya viśeṣeṇa dhārmike sati rājani

If the sacrifice of a sacrificer, a brahmin especially, is held up for want of a single part, while the king is a righteous one,

Verse 7 (12.163.7)

यो वैश्यः स्याद्बहुपशुर्हीनक्रतुरसोमपः । कुटुम्बात्तस्य तद्वित्तं यज्ञार्थं पार्थिवो हरेत् ॥

yo vaiśyaḥ syādbahupaśurhīnakraturasomapaḥ | kuṭumbāttasya tadvittaṃ yajñārthaṃ pārthivo haret

then from a Vaishya who has many cattle yet performs no sacrifices and drinks no soma, the king may take that wealth from his household for the sake of the sacrifice.

Verse 8 (12.163.8)

आहरेद्द्रुह्यतः किंचित्कामं शूद्रस्य वेश्मनि । न हि वेश्मनि शूद्रस्य किंचिदस्ति परिग्रहः ॥

āhareddruhyataḥ kiṃcitkāmaṃ śūdrasya veśmani | na hi veśmani śūdrasya kiṃcidasti parigrahaḥ

He may take something as he wishes even from the house of a Shudra who bears ill will; for in a Shudra's house there is no property that is truly his own.

Verse 9 (12.163.9)

योऽनाहिताग्निः शतगुरयज्वा च सहस्रगुः । तयोरपि कुटुम्बाभ्यामाहरेदविचारयन् ॥

yo'nāhitāgniḥ śatagurayajvā ca sahasraguḥ | tayorapi kuṭumbābhyāmāharedavicārayan

A man who keeps no sacred fire and owns a hundred cows, or one who does not sacrifice and owns a thousand: from the households of both of these he may take, without hesitation.

Note on the text: Corrected त्त → च (misprint in Wikisource; a stray त्त is not a word here; CE ayajvā ca sahasraguḥ).

Verse 10 (12.163.10)

अदातृभ्यो हरेद्वित्तं विख्याप्य नृपतिः सदा । तथैवाचरतो धर्मो नृपतेः स्यादथाखिलः ॥

adātṛbhyo haredvittaṃ vikhyāpya nṛpatiḥ sadā | tathaivācarato dharmo nṛpateḥ syādathākhilaḥ

A king may always take wealth from those who do not give, after first making it publicly known; by acting so, the king's dharma becomes complete.

Verse 11 (12.163.11)

तथैव सप्तमे भक्ते भक्तानि षडनश्नतः । अश्वस्तनविभागेन हर्तव्यं हीनकर्मणः ॥

tathaiva saptame bhakte bhaktāni ṣaḍanaśnataḥ | aśvastanavibhāgena hartavyaṃ hīnakarmaṇaḥ

Likewise, a man who has gone without food for six meals may, at the seventh meal, take from one who neglects his duties as much as a day's portion requires, with nothing laid by for the morrow.

Note on the text: Lines 1–2 are CE 12.159.11a, 11c. The alignment found no match.

Verse 12 (12.163.12)

खलात्क्षेत्रात्तथागाराद्यतो वाऽप्युपपद्यते । आख्यातव्यं नृपस्यैतत्पृच्छतोऽपृच्छतोऽपि वा । न तस्मै धारयेद्दण्डं राजा धर्मेण धर्मवित् ॥

khalātkṣetrāttathāgārādyato vā'pyupapadyate | ākhyātavyaṃ nṛpasyaitatpṛcchato'pṛcchato'pi vā | na tasmai dhārayeddaṇḍaṃ rājā dharmeṇa dharmavit

Whether from the threshing floor, the field, the house, or wherever it can be had, he should report it to the king, whether the king asks or not. Then the king, who knows dharma, should not punish him, in accordance with dharma.

Note on the text: Corrected पृच्छतोऽपृच्छतोपि → पृच्छतोऽपृच्छतोऽपि (misprint in Wikisource; missing avagraha; CE pṛcchato 'pṛcchato 'pi). Line 1 is CE 12.159.11e; lines 2–3 are 12.159.12a, 12c. The alignment found no match.

Verse 13 (12.163.13)

क्षत्रियस्य तु बालिश्याद्ब्राह्मणः क्लिश्यते क्षुधा । श्रुतशीले समाज्ञाय वृत्तिमस्य प्रकल्पयेत् ॥

kṣatriyasya tu bāliśyādbrāhmaṇaḥ kliśyate kṣudhā | śrutaśīle samājñāya vṛttimasya prakalpayet

When a brahmin suffers from hunger through a Kshatriya's heedlessness, the king, having learned of his learning and character, should arrange a livelihood for him,

Note on the text: Lines 1–2 are CE 12.159.13a, 13c. The alignment found no match.

Verse 14 (12.163.14)

अथैनं परिरक्षेत पिता पुत्रमिवौरसम् ॥

athainaṃ parirakṣeta pitā putramivaurasam

and should then protect him as a father protects his own son.

Note on the text: A single line, as on the page (12-163-14a); it is the third line (13e) of the CE three-line verse 12.159.13, which Wikisource divides between this verse and the one before. The alignment found no match.

Verse 15 (12.163.15)

इष्टिं वैश्वानरीं नित्यं निर्वपेदब्दपर्यये । अविकल्पः पुरा धर्मो धर्मवादैस्तु केवलः ॥

iṣṭiṃ vaiśvānarīṃ nityaṃ nirvapedabdaparyaye | avikalpaḥ purā dharmo dharmavādaistu kevalaḥ

Every year, at the turn of the year, he should offer the Vaishvanara oblation. In former times dharma admitted no alternatives; it is only through the pronouncements of the teachers of dharma that there are any.

Verse 16 (12.163.16)

विश्वैर्देवैश्च साध्यैश्च ब्राह्मणैश्च महर्षिभिः । आपत्सु मरणाद्भीतैर्लिङ्गः प्रतिनिधीकृतः ॥

viśvairdevaiśca sādhyaiśca brāhmaṇaiśca maharṣibhiḥ | āpatsu maraṇādbhītairliṅgaḥ pratinidhīkṛtaḥ

In times of distress, out of fear of death, the All-gods, the Sadhyas, the brahmins and the great sages made a token a substitute.

Note on the text: Corrected गरणाद्भीतैः → मरणाद्भीतैः (misprint in Wikisource; CE maraṇād bhītaiḥ).

Verse 17 (12.163.17)

प्रभुः प्रथमकल्पस्य योऽनुकल्पेन वर्तते । स नाप्नोति फलं तस्य प्रेत्य चेह च दुर्मतिः ॥

prabhuḥ prathamakalpasya yo'nukalpena vartate | sa nāpnoti phalaṃ tasya pretya ceha ca durmatiḥ

A man who is able to follow the primary rule but lives by a substitute gains no fruit of it, here or in the next world, that man of poor judgment.

Note on the text: Wikisource wording differs from CE 12.159.16 (line 2 here: स नाप्नोति फलं तस्य प्रेत्य चेह च दुर्मतिः; CE 16c: na sāṃparāyikaṃ tasya durmater vidyate phalam); kept as a recension variant. The alignment found no match.

Verse 18 (12.163.18)

न ब्राह्मणो वेदयीत किंचिद्राजनि धर्मवित् । अविद्यावेदनाद्विद्यात्स्ववीर्यं वीर्यवत्तरम् । तस्माद्राज्ञः सदा तेजो दुःसहं ब्रह्मवादिनाम् ॥

na brāhmaṇo vedayīta kiṃcidrājani dharmavit | avidyāvedanādvidyātsvavīryaṃ vīryavattaram | tasmādrājñaḥ sadā tejo duḥsahaṃ brahmavādinām

A brahmin who knows dharma should not inform the king of anything. By telling him what he does not know, a man would come to see his own strength as the greater strength. Therefore the splendour of those who speak of Brahman is always hard for a king to bear.

Note on the text: Lines 1–2 correspond (with variants) to CE 12.159.17a, 17c; line 3 is CE 12.159.18a. The alignment found no match.

Verse 19 (12.163.19)

मन्ता शास्ता विधाता च ब्राह्मणो देव उच्यते । तस्मिन्नाकुशलं ब्रूयान्न शुष्कामीरयेद्गिरम् ॥

mantā śāstā vidhātā ca brāhmaṇo deva ucyate | tasminnākuśalaṃ brūyānna śuṣkāmīrayedgiram

A brahmin is called a thinker, a ruler and an ordainer, a god. One should say nothing ill of him, nor speak a harsh word to him.

Note on the text: Line 1 is CE 12.159.18c; line 2 is CE 12.159.18e. The alignment found no match.

Verse 20 (12.163.20)

क्षत्रियो बाहुवीर्येण तरेदापदमात्मनः । धनैर्वैश्यश्च शूद्रश्च मन्त्रैर्होमैश्च वै द्विजः ॥

kṣatriyo bāhuvīryeṇa taredāpadamātmanaḥ | dhanairvaiśyaśca śūdraśca mantrairhomaiśca vai dvijaḥ

A Kshatriya crosses his own calamity by the strength of his arms; a Vaishya and a Shudra by wealth; a twice-born brahmin by mantras and oblations.

Note on the text: Corrected शुद्रश्च → शूद्रश्च (misprint in Wikisource; short vowel; CE śūdraś ca).

Verse 21 (12.163.21)

नैव कन्या न युवतिर्नामन्त्रज्ञो न बालिशः । परिवेष्टाऽग्निहोत्रस्य भवेन्नासंस्कृतस्तथा ॥

naiva kanyā na yuvatirnāmantrajño na bāliśaḥ | pariveṣṭā'gnihotrasya bhavennāsaṃskṛtastathā

Neither a maiden, nor a young woman, nor one who does not know the mantras, nor a fool, nor one who is unconsecrated, should tend the oblations of the Agnihotra.

Note on the text: Lines 1–2 are CE 12.159.20a, 20c. The alignment found no match.

Verse 22 (12.163.22)

नरके निपतन्त्येते जुह्वानाः सवनस्य तत् । तस्माद्वैतानकुशलो होता स्याद्वेदपारगः ॥

narake nipatantyete juhvānāḥ savanasya tat | tasmādvaitānakuśalo hotā syādvedapāragaḥ

Those who pour oblations at the pressing in such a manner fall into hell. Therefore the hotri priest should be skilled in the rites of the sacred fires and a master of the Veda.

Note on the text: Line 1 corresponds to CE 12.159.20e (narake nipatanty ete juhvānāḥ sa ca yasya tat; Wikisource reads सवनस्य तत् for sa ca yasya tat); line 2 is the CE star line 12.159.20f*0414_01 (tasmād vaitānakuśalo hotā syād vedapāragaḥ). The alignment found no match.

Verse 23 (12.163.23)

प्राजापत्यमदत्त्वा च अग्न्याधेयस्य दक्षिणाम् । अनाहिताग्निरिति सं प्रोच्यते धर्मदर्शिभिः ॥

prājāpatyamadattvā ca agnyādheyasya dakṣiṇām | anāhitāgniriti saṃ procyate dharmadarśibhiḥ

One who has not given the Prajapatya gift as the fee for the setting up of the sacred fires is called by those who see dharma a man who has not established his fire.

Verse 24 (12.163.24)

पुण्यान्यन्यानि कुर्वीत श्रद्दधानो जितेन्द्रियः । अनाप्तदक्षिणैर्यज्ञैर्न यजेत कथंचन ॥

puṇyānyanyāni kurvīta śraddadhāno jitendriyaḥ | anāptadakṣiṇairyajñairna yajeta kathaṃcana

A faithful man with his senses under control may perform other meritorious acts, but he should never sacrifice with sacrifices for which no fee has been given.

Verse 25 (12.163.25)

प्रजाः पशूंश्च स्वर्गं च हन्ति यज्ञो ह्यदक्षिणः । इन्द्रियाणि यशः कीर्तिमायुश्चाप्यवकृन्तति ॥

prajāḥ paśūṃśca svargaṃ ca hanti yajño hyadakṣiṇaḥ | indriyāṇi yaśaḥ kīrtimāyuścāpyavakṛntati

A sacrifice without a fee destroys offspring, cattle and heaven; it cuts away the senses, fame, renown and life.

Note on the text: Corrected पंशूश्च → पशूंश्च and कीर्तिभायुश्च → कीर्तिमायुश्च (misprints in Wikisource; displaced anusvara, भ for म; CE paśūṃś ca, kīrtim āyuś ca).

Verse 26 (12.163.26)

उदक्यामासते ये च द्विजाः केचिदनग्नयः । कुलं चाश्रोत्रियं येषां सर्वे ते शूद्रकर्मिणः ॥

udakyāmāsate ye ca dvijāḥ kecidanagnayaḥ | kulaṃ cāśrotriyaṃ yeṣāṃ sarve te śūdrakarmiṇaḥ

Those twice-born who have intercourse with a woman in her courses, or who keep no sacred fires, and those in whose family there is no Vedic scholar: all of these follow the ways of Shudras.

Verse 27 (12.163.27)

उदपानोदके ग्रामे ब्राह्मणो वृषलीपतिः । उषित्वा द्वादश समाः शूद्रकर्मैव गच्छति ॥

udapānodake grāme brāhmaṇo vṛṣalīpatiḥ | uṣitvā dvādaśa samāḥ śūdrakarmaiva gacchati

A brahmin who, in a village that draws on one well, is the husband of a low-caste woman and has lived there twelve years, comes to the state of a Shudra.

Note on the text: Corrected वृपलीयतिः → वृषलीपतिः and अपित्वा → उषित्वा (misprints in Wikisource; CE vṛṣalīpatiḥ, uṣitvā).

Verse 28 (12.163.28)

अभार्यां शयने विभ्रच्छूद्रं वृद्धं च वै द्विजः । अब्राह्मणं मन्यमानस्तृणेष्वासीत पृष्ठतः । तथा संशुध्यते राजञ्शृणु चात्र वचो मम ॥

abhāryāṃ śayane vibhracchūdraṃ vṛddhaṃ ca vai dvijaḥ | abrāhmaṇaṃ manyamānastṛṇeṣvāsīta pṛṣṭhataḥ | tathā saṃśudhyate rājañśṛṇu cātra vaco mama

A twice-born man who keeps in his bed a woman who is not his wife, a Shudra, and an elder, and who thinks of himself as no brahmin, should sit on the grass, at the back. In this way he is purified. Hear my words about this, O king.

Note on the text: Corrected अभार्यी → अभार्यां and भन्यमानस्तृणेषु → मन्यमानस्तृणेषु (misprints in Wikisource; the accusative is required, and भ for म; CE anāryāṃ … manyamānaḥ). The sense of lines 1–2 is uncertain (the CE words them differently).

Verse 29 (12.163.29)

यदेकरात्रेण करोति पापं । कृष्णं वर्णं ब्राह्मणः सेवमानः । स्थानासनाभ्यां विहरन्व्रती संस् । त्रिभिर्वर्षैः शमयेदात्मपापम् ॥

yadekarātreṇa karoti pāpaṃ | kṛṣṇaṃ varṇaṃ brāhmaṇaḥ sevamānaḥ | sthānāsanābhyāṃ viharanvratī saṃs | tribhirvarṣaiḥ śamayedātmapāpam

The sin that a brahmin commits in a single night by serving the dark class, he wipes out in three years, living as a man under vow, passing his days standing and sitting.

Note on the text: Corrected विहरन्वती स → विहरन्व्रती संस् (misprint in Wikisource; dropped र and a cut-off संस्; CE vicaran vratī saṃs). Four lines, as on the page (12-163-29a–d); CE 12.159.27a, 27c, each of two pādas.

Verse 30 (12.163.30)

न नर्मयुक्तमनृतं हिनस्ति । न स्त्रीषु राजन्न विवाहकाले । प्राणात्यये सर्वधनापहारे । पञ्चानृतान्याहुरपातकानि ॥

na narmayuktamanṛtaṃ hinasti | na strīṣu rājanna vivāhakāle | prāṇātyaye sarvadhanāpahāre | pañcānṛtānyāhurapātakāni

A falsehood spoken in jest does no harm, nor one spoken to women, O king, nor at a wedding; nor when life is at stake, nor when all one's property is being taken. These five untruths are called no sin.

Note on the text: Corrected नर्मयुक्तमतृतं → नर्मयुक्तमनृतं (misprint in Wikisource; त for न). Lines 3–4 differ from CE 12.159.28c (na gurvarthe nātmano jīvitārthe); kept as a recension variant. Four lines, as on the page.

Verse 31 (12.163.31)

श्रद्दधानः शुभां विद्यां हीनादपि समाप्नुयात् । सुवर्णमपि चामेध्यादाददीताविचारयन् ॥

śraddadhānaḥ śubhāṃ vidyāṃ hīnādapi samāpnuyāt | suvarṇamapi cāmedhyādādadītāvicārayan

A faithful man may gain good knowledge even from one of lower standing, and may take gold even from an impure source without hesitation.

Verse 32 (12.163.32)

स्त्रीरत्नं दुष्कुलाच्चापि विषादप्यमृतं पिबेत् । अदूष्या हि स्त्रियो रत्नमाप इत्येव धर्मतः ॥

strīratnaṃ duṣkulāccāpi viṣādapyamṛtaṃ pibet | adūṣyā hi striyo ratnamāpa ityeva dharmataḥ

He may take a jewel of a woman even from a bad family, as one may drink nectar even from poison; for women are blameless, and by dharma a woman is a jewel and is like water.

Verse 33 (12.163.33)

गोब्राह्मणहितार्थं च वर्णानां संकरेषु च । वैश्यो गृह्णीत शस्त्राणि परित्राणार्थमात्मनः ॥

gobrāhmaṇahitārthaṃ ca varṇānāṃ saṃkareṣu ca | vaiśyo gṛhṇīta śastrāṇi paritrāṇārthamātmanaḥ

For the good of cows and brahmins, and when the classes become mixed, a Vaishya may take up weapons to protect himself.

Note on the text: Same as CE 12.159.31 with a variant in line 2 (शस्त्राणि for dhanuḥ). The alignment found no match.

Verse 34 (12.163.34)

सुरापो ब्रह्महा चैव गुरुतल्पगतस्तथा । अचिरेण महाराज पतितो वै भवत्युत ॥

surāpo brahmahā caiva gurutalpagatastathā | acireṇa mahārāja patito vai bhavatyuta

A drinker of liquor, a slayer of a brahmin, and one who has gone to his teacher's bed: each soon becomes an outcaste, O great king.

Note on the text: Line 1 is a variant of CE 12.159.32a; line 2 is a variant of CE 12.159.34c (acireṇa mahārāja tādṛśo vai bhavaty uta). The alignment found no match.

Verse 35 (12.163.35)

सुवर्णहरणं स्तैन्यं विप्रस्वं चेति पातकम् । विहारो मद्यपानं च अगम्यागमनं तथा ॥

suvarṇaharaṇaṃ stainyaṃ viprasvaṃ ceti pātakam | vihāro madyapānaṃ ca agamyāgamanaṃ tathā

Stealing gold, theft, and taking a brahmin's property are sins; so too are dissipation, the drinking of liquor, and going to women who are forbidden.

Verse 36 (12.163.36)

पतितैः संप्रयोगश्च ब्राह्मणीयोनितस्तथा । अनिर्देश्यानि मन्यन्ते प्राणान्तानीति धारणा ॥

patitaiḥ saṃprayogaśca brāhmaṇīyonitastathā | anirdeśyāni manyante prāṇāntānīti dhāraṇā

Association with outcastes, and relations with a brahmin woman (by one who is no brahmin): these are held to be sins for which no expiation is laid down, ending only with life. Such is the settled view.

Note on the text: Line 1 is CE 12.159.34a; line 2 is CE 12.159.32c. The alignment found no match.

Verse 37 (12.163.37)

संवत्सरेण पतति पतितेन सहाचरन् । याजनाध्यापनाद्दानान्न तु यानासनाशनात् ॥

saṃvatsareṇa patati patitena sahācaran | yājanādhyāpanāddānānna tu yānāsanāśanāt

A man falls in a year by living with an outcaste: through officiating for him, teaching him, or giving to him, though not through travelling, sitting or eating with him.

Verse 38 (12.163.38)

एतानि हित्वातोऽन्यानि निर्देश्यानीति धारणा । निर्देश्यकेन विधिना कालेनाव्यसनी भवेत् ॥

etāni hitvāto'nyāni nirdeśyānīti dhāraṇā | nirdeśyakena vidhinā kālenāvyasanī bhavet

Apart from these, the others are held to be sins for which expiation is prescribed; by the prescribed procedure, in due time, a man becomes free of fault.

Verse 39 (12.163.39)

अनुत्तीर्य न होतव्यं प्रेतकर्मण्युपाश्रिते । त्रिषु त्वेतेषु पूर्वेषु न कुर्वीत विचारणम् ॥

anuttīrya na hotavyaṃ pretakarmaṇyupāśrite | triṣu tveteṣu pūrveṣu na kurvīta vicāraṇam

When a funeral rite is at hand, no oblation should be offered without having first crossed over; and in the first three of these cases one should not deliberate at all.

Verse 40 (12.163.40)

अमात्यान्वा गुरून्वापि जह्याद्धर्मेण धार्मिकः । प्रायश्चित्तान्यकुर्वाणा नैते कुर्वन्ति संविदम् ॥

amātyānvā gurūnvāpi jahyāddharmeṇa dhārmikaḥ | prāyaścittānyakurvāṇā naite kurvanti saṃvidam

A righteous man may, in accordance with dharma, forsake even his ministers or his teachers if they will not perform the expiations; such people do not enter into any compact.

Verse 41 (12.163.41)

अधर्मकारी धर्मेण तपसा हन्ति किल्विषम् । ब्राह्मणायावगुर्येत स्पृष्टे गुरुतरं भवेत् ॥

adharmakārī dharmeṇa tapasā hanti kilviṣam | brāhmaṇāyāvaguryeta spṛṣṭe gurutaraṃ bhavet

A wrongdoer destroys his sin by dharma and austerity. If a man raises a weapon against a brahmin and the brahmin is struck, the sin grows heavier.

Note on the text: Line 1 is CE 12.159.39a; line 2 is a variant of CE 12.159.41a (brāhmaṇāyāvagūryeha spṛṣṭvā gurutaraṃ bhavet). The alignment found no match.

Verse 42 (12.163.42)

अस्तेनं स्तेन इत्युक्त्वा द्विगुणं पापमाप्नुयात् । त्रिभागं ब्रह्महत्यायाः कन्यां प्राप्नोति दुष्यति । यस्तु दूषयिता तस्याः शेषं प्राप्नोति पाप्मनः ॥

astenaṃ stena ityuktvā dviguṇaṃ pāpamāpnuyāt | tribhāgaṃ brahmahatyāyāḥ kanyāṃ prāpnoti duṣyati | yastu dūṣayitā tasyāḥ śeṣaṃ prāpnoti pāpmanaḥ

One who calls an innocent man a thief takes on double the sin. A girl who is corrupted takes on a third of the guilt of brahmin-slaying, and the man who corrupted her takes on the remainder of that sin.

Note on the text: Line 1 is CE 12.159.39e; the CE line 39c (bruvan stena iti stenaṃ tāvat prāpnoti kilbiṣam) is not on the page. Lines 2–3 are CE 12.159.40a, 40c (Wikisource कन्यां, CE kanyā; kept as printed). The alignment found no match.

Verse 43 (12.163.43)

ब्राह्मणानवगर्ह्येह स्पृष्ट्वा गुरुतरं भवेत् । वर्षाणां हि शतं पापः प्रतिष्ठां नाधिगच्छति ॥

brāhmaṇānavagarhyeha spṛṣṭvā gurutaraṃ bhavet | varṣāṇāṃ hi śataṃ pāpaḥ pratiṣṭhāṃ nādhigacchati

One who reviles brahmins here and strikes them incurs a graver guilt; for a hundred years the sinner finds no firm footing.

Verse 44 (12.163.44)

सहस्रं चैव वर्षाणां निपत्य नरकं वसेत् । तस्मान्नैवावगुर्याद्धि नैव जातु निपातयेत् ॥

sahasraṃ caiva varṣāṇāṃ nipatya narakaṃ vaset | tasmānnaivāvaguryāddhi naiva jātu nipātayet

He falls and dwells in hell for a thousand years. Therefore one should never raise a weapon against a brahmin, nor ever strike him down.

Verse 45 (12.163.45)

शोणितं यावतः पांसून्संगृह्णीयाद्द्विजक्षतात् । तावतीः स समा राजन्नरके प्रतिपद्यते ॥

śoṇitaṃ yāvataḥ pāṃsūnsaṃgṛhṇīyāddvijakṣatāt | tāvatīḥ sa samā rājannarake pratipadyate

As many grains of dust as drink up the blood from a brahmin's wound, for that many years, O king, he suffers in hell.

Verse 46 (12.163.46)

भ्रूणहाऽऽहवमध्ये तु शुध्यते शस्त्रपाततः । आत्मानं जुहुयादग्नौ समिद्धे तेन शुध्यते ॥

bhrūṇahā''havamadhye tu śudhyate śastrapātataḥ | ātmānaṃ juhuyādagnau samiddhe tena śudhyate

A slayer of a brahmin is purified by being struck down by a weapon in the midst of battle; or he is purified by offering himself into a blazing fire.

Verse 47 (12.163.47)

सुरापो वारुणीमुष्णां पीत्वा पापाद्विमुच्यते ॥

surāpo vāruṇīmuṣṇāṃ pītvā pāpādvimucyate

A drinker of liquor is freed from the sin by drinking hot liquor.

Note on the text: A single line, as on the page (12-163-47a); it is CE 12.159.45a. The alignment found no match.

Verse 48 (12.163.48)

तया स काये निर्दग्धे मृत्युं वा प्राप्य शुध्यति । लोकांश्च लभते विप्रो नान्यथा लभते हि सः ॥

tayā sa kāye nirdagdhe mṛtyuṃ vā prāpya śudhyati | lokāṃśca labhate vipro nānyathā labhate hi saḥ

When his body has been burned by it, or when he has met his death, he is purified; and as a brahmin he gains the worlds. Not otherwise does he gain them.

Note on the text: Lines 1–2 are CE 12.159.45c, 45e. The alignment found no match.

Verse 49 (12.163.49)

गुरुतल्पमधिष्ठाय दुरात्मा पापचेतनः । शिलां ज्वलन्तीमासाद्य मृत्युना सोऽभिशुध्यति ॥

gurutalpamadhiṣṭhāya durātmā pāpacetanaḥ | śilāṃ jvalantīmāsādya mṛtyunā so'bhiśudhyati

A wicked, evil-minded man who has gone up to his teacher's bed is wholly purified by death, after he has come upon a blazing slab of stone.

Note on the text: Corrected सोभिशुध्यति → सोऽभिशुध्यति (misprint in Wikisource; missing avagraha; CE sa viśudhyati).

Verse 50 (12.163.50)

अथवा शिश्नवृषणावादायाञ्जलिना स्वयम् । नैर्ऋतीं दिशमास्थाय निपतेत्सत्वजिह्मगः ॥

athavā śiśnavṛṣaṇāvādāyāñjalinā svayam | nairṛtīṃ diśamāsthāya nipatetsatvajihmagaḥ

Or he should take his own organ and testicles in his joined hands, set out toward the south-west, and go straight on until he falls.

Note on the text: Corrected अधवा → अथवा (misprint in Wikisource; ध for थ; CE atha vā).

Verse 51 (12.163.51)

ब्राह्मणार्थेऽपि वा प्राणान्संत्यजंस्तेन शुध्यति ॥

brāhmaṇārthe'pi vā prāṇānsaṃtyajaṃstena śudhyati

Or he is purified by giving up his life for the sake of a brahmin.

Note on the text: A single line, as on the page (12-163-51a); it is CE 12.159.48a. The alignment found no match.

Verse 52 (12.163.52)

अश्वमेधेन वाऽपीष्ट्वा अथवा गोसवेन वा । मरुत्सोमेन वा सम्यगिह प्रेत्य च पूज्यते ॥

aśvamedhena vā'pīṣṭvā athavā gosavena vā | marutsomena vā samyagiha pretya ca pūjyate

Or, having duly sacrificed with the Ashvamedha, or the Gosava, or the Marutsoma, he is honoured here and after death.

Note on the text: Lines 1–2 correspond to CE 12.159.48c, 48e, with variants (गोसव, मरुत्सोम for gomedha, agniṣṭoma). The alignment found no match.

Verse 53 (12.163.53)

तथैव द्वादशसमाः कापोतं धर्ममाचरेत् । एककालं चरेद्भैक्षं स्वकर्मोदाहरञ्जने ॥

tathaiva dvādaśasamāḥ kāpotaṃ dharmamācaret | ekakālaṃ caredbhaikṣaṃ svakarmodāharañjane

Likewise he should follow the dove's way of life for twelve years, begging once a day and proclaiming his own deed among the people.

Note on the text: Corresponds to CE 12.159.49 with variants (कापोतं धर्मम्, एककालं for kapālī brahmahā bhavet, brahmacārī). The alignment found no match.

Verse 54 (12.163.54)

एवं वा तपसा युक्तो ब्रह्महा सवनी भवेत् । एवं गर्भमविज्ञातमात्रेयीं वा निपातयेत् ॥

evaṃ vā tapasā yukto brahmahā savanī bhavet | evaṃ garbhamavijñātamātreyīṃ vā nipātayet

Or, joined to austerity in this way, a slayer of a brahmin may become one who bathes at the three pressings. The same holds for one who causes the fall of an unrecognised embryo, or of a woman of Atri's line who is with child.

Note on the text: Lines 1–2 are CE 12.159.50a, 50c (variant in line 2). The alignment found no match.

Verse 55 (12.163.55)

द्विगुणा ब्रह्महत्या वै आत्रेयीहिंसने भवेत् । सुरापी नियताहारो ब्रह्मचारी क्षपाचरः ॥

dviguṇā brahmahatyā vai ātreyīhiṃsane bhavet | surāpī niyatāhāro brahmacārī kṣapācaraḥ

In killing an Atreyi the guilt of brahmin-slaying is doubled. A drinker of liquor should keep to measured food, observe chastity, and go about by night,

Note on the text: Line 1 is CE 12.159.50e; line 2 is CE 12.159.51a (Wikisource क्षपाचरः, CE kṣamācaraḥ; kept as a variant). The alignment found no match.

Verse 56 (12.163.56)

ऊर्ध्वं त्रिभ्योऽपि वर्षेभ्यो यजेताग्निष्टुता परम् । ऋषभैकसहस्रं वा गा दत्त्वा शौचमाप्नुयात् ॥

ūrdhvaṃ tribhyo'pi varṣebhyo yajetāgniṣṭutā param | ṛṣabhaikasahasraṃ vā gā dattvā śaucamāpnuyāt

and after three years he should sacrifice with the Agnishtut; or by giving a thousand cows together with a bull he may attain purity.

Note on the text: Lines 1–2 are CE 12.159.51c, 51e. The alignment found no match.

Verse 57 (12.163.57)

वैश्यं हत्वा तु वर्षे द्वे ऋषभैकशतं च गाः । शूद्रं हत्वाऽब्दमेवैकमृषभं च शतं च गाः ॥

vaiśyaṃ hatvā tu varṣe dve ṛṣabhaikaśataṃ ca gāḥ | śūdraṃ hatvā'bdamevaikamṛṣabhaṃ ca śataṃ ca gāḥ

For killing a Vaishya: two years, and a hundred cows with a bull. For killing a Shudra: one year only, and a bull and a hundred cows.

Note on the text: Corrected दत्त्वा → हत्वा (misprint in Wikisource; CE vaiśyaṃ hatvā, and line 2 has hatvā).

Verse 58 (12.163.58)

श्ववराहखरान्हत्वा शौद्रमेव व्रतं चरेत् । मार्जारचाषमण्डूकान्काकं व्यालं च मूषिकम् ॥

śvavarāhakharānhatvā śaudrameva vrataṃ caret | mārjāracāṣamaṇḍūkānkākaṃ vyālaṃ ca mūṣikam

Having killed a dog, a pig or an ass, he should observe the vow prescribed for a Shudra; likewise for a cat, a blue jay, a frog, a crow, a serpent, or a mouse.

Verse 59 (12.163.59)

उक्तः पशुवधे दोषो राजन्प्राणिनिपातनात् । अनस्थिकेषु गोमूत्रं पानमेकं प्रचक्षते । प्रायश्चित्तान्यथान्यानि प्रवक्ष्याम्यनुपूर्वशः ॥

uktaḥ paśuvadhe doṣo rājanprāṇinipātanāt | anasthikeṣu gomūtraṃ pānamekaṃ pracakṣate | prāyaścittānyathānyāni pravakṣyāmyanupūrvaśaḥ

The fault in killing animals has been told, O king, from the taking of life. For creatures without bones, a single drink of cow's urine is prescribed. Now I shall tell you other expiations in order.

Note on the text: Removed the stray quote marks (backtick and apostrophe) that the page prints around line 2, and a stray ।. Lines 1 and 3 are CE 12.159.54a, 54c (variant in line 1). Line 2 is not in the critical edition at this place (found in the vulgate recension); it echoes CE 12.159.69e. The alignment found no match.

Verse 60 (12.163.60)

तल्पे वाऽन्यस्य चौर्ये च पृथक् संवत्सरं चरेत् । त्रीणि श्रोत्रियभार्यायां परदारे च द्वे स्मृते ॥

talpe vā'nyasya caurye ca pṛthak saṃvatsaraṃ caret | trīṇi śrotriyabhāryāyāṃ paradāre ca dve smṛte

For a wrong done on another's couch, and for theft, he should observe the vow separately for a year each; three years for the wife of a Vedic scholar and two for another man's wife, it is held.

Verse 61 (12.163.61)

काले चतुर्थे भुञ्जानो ब्रह्मचारी व्रती भवेत् । स्थानासनाभ्यां विहरेत्रिरह्नाऽभ्युपयन्नपः ॥

kāle caturthe bhuñjāno brahmacārī vratī bhavet | sthānāsanābhyāṃ viharetrirahnā'bhyupayannapaḥ

He should become a chaste man under vow, eating at the fourth mealtime, living by standing and sitting, and going down to the water three times in the day.

Note on the text: Lines 1–2 are CE 12.159.56a, 56c. The alignment found no match.

Verse 62 (12.163.62)

एवमेव चरन्राजंस्तस्मात्पापात्प्रमुच्यते । एवमेव निराकर्ता यश्चाग्नीनपविध्यति ॥

evameva caranrājaṃstasmātpāpātpramucyate | evameva nirākartā yaścāgnīnapavidhyati

Doing just so, O king, he is freed from that sin. The same holds for one who rejects the rites and throws away his sacred fires.

Note on the text: Removed the stray quote marks (backtick and apostrophe) around line 1 and a stray ।; corrected ऐवमेव → एवमेव (misprint in Wikisource; CE evam eva). Line 1 is the CE star line 12.159.56d*0417_01; line 2 is a variant of CE 12.159.56e. The alignment found no match.

Verse 63 (12.163.63)

त्यजत्यकारणे यश्च पितरं मातरं गुरुम् । पतितः स्यात्स कौरव्य यथा धर्मेषु निश्चयः ॥

tyajatyakāraṇe yaśca pitaraṃ mātaraṃ gurum | patitaḥ syātsa kauravya yathā dharmeṣu niścayaḥ

He who without cause abandons his father, his mother or his teacher becomes an outcaste, O Kaurava; such is the settled rule in matters of dharma.

Verse 64 (12.163.64)

ग्रासाच्छादनयानं च शयनं ह्यासनं तथा । ब्रह्मचारी द्विजेभ्यश्च दत्त्वा पापात्प्रमुच्यते ॥

grāsācchādanayānaṃ ca śayanaṃ hyāsanaṃ tathā | brahmacārī dvijebhyaśca dattvā pāpātpramucyate

By giving food, clothing, a conveyance, a bed and a seat to the twice-born, and living chastely, he is freed from sin.

Note on the text: Removed the stray quote marks (backtick and apostrophe) around line 2 and the doubled danda. Line 1 is a variant of CE 12.159.58a; line 2 is the CE star line 12.159.58b*0418_01 (brahmacārī dvijebhyaś ca dattvā pāpāt pramucyate). The alignment found no match.

Verse 65 (12.163.65)

भार्यायां व्यभिचारिण्यां निरुद्धायां विशेषतः । यत्पुंसः परदारेषु तदेनां चारयेद्व्रतम् ॥

bhāryāyāṃ vyabhicāriṇyāṃ niruddhāyāṃ viśeṣataḥ | yatpuṃsaḥ paradāreṣu tadenāṃ cārayedvratam

In the case of an unfaithful wife, especially one who has been confined, let her be made to keep the very vow that a man keeps for adultery with other men's wives.

Note on the text: Lines 1–2 are CE 12.159.58c, 58e (Wikisource पुंसः, CE puṃsām). The alignment found no match.

Verse 66 (12.163.66)

श्रेयांसं शयने हित्वा पापीयांसं समृच्छति । श्वभिस्तामर्दयेद्राजा संस्थाने बहुविस्तरे ॥

śreyāṃsaṃ śayane hitvā pāpīyāṃsaṃ samṛcchati | śvabhistāmardayedrājā saṃsthāne bahuvistare

A woman who leaves a better man in bed and goes to a worse one: the king should have her torn by dogs in a spacious open place.

Note on the text: Corrected श्वभिस्तमर्दयेद् → श्वभिस्तामर्दयेद् (misprint in Wikisource; the woman is meant, as verse 68 says; CE svabhis tāṃ khādayed).

Verse 67 (12.163.67)

पुमांसं बन्धयेत्पाशैः शयने तप्त आयसे । अप्यादधीत दारूणि तत्र दह्येत पापकृत् ॥

pumāṃsaṃ bandhayetpāśaiḥ śayane tapta āyase | apyādadhīta dārūṇi tatra dahyeta pāpakṛt

And the man he should have bound with cords on a heated iron bed; let wood be piled up, and let the wrongdoer be burned there.

Note on the text: Corrected पापकृत → पापकृत् (misprint in Wikisource; dropped halant; CE pāpakṛt).

Verse 68 (12.163.68)

एष दण्डो महाराज स्त्रीणां भर्तृव्यतिक्रमे । संवत्सरोऽभिशस्तस्य दुष्टस्य द्विगुणो भवेत् ॥

eṣa daṇḍo mahārāja strīṇāṃ bhartṛvyatikrame | saṃvatsaro'bhiśastasya duṣṭasya dviguṇo bhavet

This, great king, is the punishment for women who wrong their husbands. For a man who stands accused, a year; for the guilty one it should be doubled.

Note on the text: Corrected एव → एष and संवत्सारो → संवत्सरो (misprints in Wikisource; CE eṣa daṇḍo, saṃvatsarābhiśastasya).

Verse 69 (12.163.69)

द्वे तस्य त्रीणि वर्षाणि चत्वारि सहसेविनः । कुमारः पञ्चवर्षाणि चरेद्भैक्षं मुनिव्रतः ॥

dve tasya trīṇi varṣāṇi catvāri sahasevinaḥ | kumāraḥ pañcavarṣāṇi caredbhaikṣaṃ munivrataḥ

For him two or three years, and four for those who keep his company; a young unmarried man should live on alms for five years, keeping a sage's vow.

Verse 70 (12.163.70)

परिवित्तिः परिवेत्ता या चैव परिविद्यते । पाणिग्राहस्त्वधर्मेण सर्वे ते पतिताः स्मृताः ॥

parivittiḥ parivettā yā caiva parividyate | pāṇigrāhastvadharmeṇa sarve te patitāḥ smṛtāḥ

The unmarried elder brother, the younger who marries before him, the woman so wed, and the one who takes her hand against dharma: all these are counted as outcastes.

Verse 71 (12.163.71)

चरेयुः सर्व एवैते वीरहा यद्व्रतं चरेत् । चान्द्रायणं चरेन्मासं कृच्छ्रं वा पापशुद्धये ॥

careyuḥ sarva evaite vīrahā yadvrataṃ caret | cāndrāyaṇaṃ carenmāsaṃ kṛcchraṃ vā pāpaśuddhaye

All of them should keep the vow that a slayer of a hero keeps: for a month the Chandrayana, or the Krichchhra, for the cleansing of sin.

Verse 72 (12.163.72)

परिवेत्ता प्रयच्छेत तां स्नुषां परिवित्तये । ज्येष्ठेन त्वभ्यनुज्ञातो यवीयान्प्रत्यनन्तरम् । एनसो मोक्षमाप्नोति तौ च सा चैव धर्मतः ॥

parivettā prayaccheta tāṃ snuṣāṃ parivittaye | jyeṣṭhena tvabhyanujñāto yavīyānpratyanantaram | enaso mokṣamāpnoti tau ca sā caiva dharmataḥ

The younger brother who married first should give that woman, as a daughter-in-law, to the elder brother who is unmarried; and when the elder has given his leave, the younger may then take her. So the two men and the woman are freed from sin, according to dharma.

Note on the text: Corrected प्रयच्छेता → प्रयच्छेत and यवीयाप्यनन्तरम् → यवीयान्प्रत्यनन्तरम् (misprints in Wikisource; CE prayaccheta, yavīyān pratyanantaram; the second is uncertain, since the page form is not a word).

Verse 73 (12.163.73)

अमानुषीषु गोवर्जमनादिष्टं न दुष्यति । अधिष्ठातारमत्तारं पशूनां पुरुषं विदुः ॥

amānuṣīṣu govarjamanādiṣṭaṃ na duṣyati | adhiṣṭhātāramattāraṃ paśūnāṃ puruṣaṃ viduḥ

With non-human creatures, apart from the cow, no fault attaches where no penalty has been laid down; for man is known as the master and the eater of animals.

Verse 74 (12.163.74)

परिधायोर्ध्ववालं तु पात्रमादाय मृन्मयम् । चरेत्सप्तगृहान्भैक्षं स्वकर्म परिकीर्तयन् ॥

paridhāyordhvavālaṃ tu pātramādāya mṛnmayam | caretsaptagṛhānbhaikṣaṃ svakarma parikīrtayan

Putting on an upright yak-tail and taking an earthen bowl, he should beg at seven houses, proclaiming his own deed.

Verse 75 (12.163.75)

तथैव लब्धभोजी स्याद्द्वादशाहात्स शुध्यति । चरेत्संवत्सरं चापि तद्व्रतं येन कृन्तति ॥

tathaiva labdhabhojī syāddvādaśāhātsa śudhyati | caretsaṃvatsaraṃ cāpi tadvrataṃ yena kṛntati

Likewise let him eat only what he receives, and in twelve days he is purified. Or he may keep that vow for a year, by which he cuts away his sin.

Verse 76 (12.163.76)

भवेत्तु मानुषेष्वेवं प्रायश्चित्तमनुत्तमम् । दानं वा दानशक्तेषु सर्वमेतत्प्रकल्पयेत् ॥

bhavettu mānuṣeṣvevaṃ prāyaścittamanuttamam | dānaṃ vā dānaśakteṣu sarvametatprakalpayet

Among human beings this would be the supreme expiation; or, for those able to give, gifts may be arranged in place of all this.

Note on the text: Corrected प्रायश्चिमनुत्तमम् → प्रायश्चित्तमनुत्तमम् and सवेर्मतत् → सर्वमेतत् (misprints in Wikisource; dropped त्त, scrambled letters; CE prāyaścittam anuttamam, sarvam eva). Lines 1–2 are CE 12.159.69a, 69c (Wikisource दानशक्तेषु, CE adānasakteṣu). The alignment found no match.

Verse 77 (12.163.77)

अनास्तिकेषु गोमात्रं दानमेकं प्रचक्षते । श्ववराहमनुष्याणां कुक्कुटस्य खरस्य च ॥

anāstikeṣu gomātraṃ dānamekaṃ pracakṣate | śvavarāhamanuṣyāṇāṃ kukkuṭasya kharasya ca

For those who are not unbelievers, the gift of a cow alone is prescribed. For the dog, the pig, the human being, the cock and the ass:

Note on the text: Line 1 is a variant of CE 12.159.69e (anāstikeṣu gomātraṃ prāṇam ekaṃ pracakṣate); line 2 is CE 12.159.70a. The alignment found no match.

Verse 78 (12.163.78)

मांसं मूत्रं पुरीषं च प्राश्य संस्कारमर्हति । ब्राह्मणस्तु सुरापस्य गन्धमादाय सोमपाः ॥

māṃsaṃ mūtraṃ purīṣaṃ ca prāśya saṃskāramarhati | brāhmaṇastu surāpasya gandhamādāya somapāḥ

if a man eats the flesh, urine or dung of these, he becomes fit for a purifying rite; and a brahmin, a soma-drinker, who has caught the smell of a drinker of liquor

Note on the text: Line 1 is CE 12.159.70c; line 2 is CE 12.159.71a. The alignment found no match.

Verse 79 (12.163.79)

अपस्त्र्यहं पिबेदुष्णाः संयतात्मा जितेन्द्रियः । अपः पीत्वा तु स पुनर्वायुभक्षो भवेन्त्र्यहम् ॥

apastryahaṃ pibeduṣṇāḥ saṃyatātmā jitendriyaḥ | apaḥ pītvā tu sa punarvāyubhakṣo bhaventryaham

should drink hot water for three days, with his self restrained and his senses subdued; and after drinking water he should live on air alone for three days.

Note on the text: Corrected अपख्यहं → अपस्त्र्यहं (misprint in Wikisource; CE apas tryaham). Lines 1–2 correspond (with variants) to CE 12.159.71c, 71e. The alignment found no match.

Verse 80 (12.163.80)

एवमेतत्समुद्दिष्टं प्रायश्चित्तनिषेवणम् । ब्राह्मणस्य विशेषेण यदज्ञानेन जायते ॥

evametatsamuddiṣṭaṃ prāyaścittaniṣevaṇam | brāhmaṇasya viśeṣeṇa yadajñānena jāyate

Thus has this practice of expiation been set forth, especially for a brahmin, for what happens through ignorance.

Note on the text: Corrected प्रायश्चित्तिषेवणम् → प्रायश्चित्तनिषेवणम् (misprint in Wikisource; dropped न, which the metre also needs; CE has prāyaścittaṃ sanātanam).