The Sankhya Teaching: The Faults of Existence and the Road to Narayana

Verse 1 (12.307.1)

सम्यक्त्वयाऽयं नृपते वर्णितः शिष्टसंमतः । योगमार्गो यथान्यायं शिष्यायेह हितैषिणा ॥

samyaktvayā'yaṃ nṛpate varṇitaḥ śiṣṭasaṃmataḥ | yogamārgo yathānyāyaṃ śiṣyāyeha hitaiṣiṇā

You have rightly set forth, O king, the path of yoga, approved by the learned, as it should be set forth, like a well-wisher teaching a pupil.

Note on the text: Corrected सम्पक्त्वयाऽयं → सम्यक्त्वयाऽयं (misprint in Wikisource; प for य; CE samyak tvayāyam).

Verse 2 (12.307.2)

साङ्ख्ये त्विदानीं कार्त्स्न्येन विधिं प्रब्रूहि पृच्छते । त्रिषु लोकेषु यज्ज्ञानं सर्वं तद्विदितं हि ते ॥

sāṅkhye tvidānīṃ kārtsnyena vidhiṃ prabrūhi pṛcchate | triṣu lokeṣu yajjñānaṃ sarvaṃ tadviditaṃ hi te

Now explain to me, who ask, the method of Sankhya in its entirety; for whatever knowledge there is in the three worlds, all of it is known to you.

Verse 3 (12.307.3)

शृणु मे त्वमिदं कृत्स्नं साङ्ख्यानां विदितात्मनाम् । विदितं यतिभिः सर्वैः कपिलादिभिरीश्वरैः ॥

śṛṇu me tvamidaṃ kṛtsnaṃ sāṅkhyānāṃ viditātmanām | viditaṃ yatibhiḥ sarvaiḥ kapilādibhirīśvaraiḥ

Hear from me all this teaching of the Sankhyas, who know the self, known to all the ascetics and to lords headed by Kapila,

Verse 4 (12.307.4)

यस्मिन्नविभ्रमाः केचिद्दृश्यन्ते मनुजर्षभ । गुणाश्च यस्मिन्बहवो दोषहानिश्च केवला ॥

yasminnavibhramāḥ keciddṛśyante manujarṣabha | guṇāśca yasminbahavo doṣahāniśca kevalā

in which, O best of men, no confusions are seen, and in which there are many merits and the complete removal of faults.

Verse 5 (12.307.5)

ज्ञानेन परिसङ्ख्याय सदोषान्विषयान्नृप । मानुषान्दुर्जयान्कृत्स्नान्पैशाचान्विषयांस्तथा ॥

jñānena parisaṅkhyāya sadoṣānviṣayānnṛpa | mānuṣāndurjayānkṛtsnānpaiśācānviṣayāṃstathā

Having by knowledge reckoned up the objects of enjoyment with their faults, O king — those of men, all hard to conquer, and likewise those of the pishachas —

Verse 6 (12.307.6)

राक्षसान्विषयाञ्ज्ञात्वा यक्षाणां विषयांस्तथा । विषयानौरगाञ्ज्ञात्वा गान्धर्वविषयांस्तथा ॥

rākṣasānviṣayāñjñātvā yakṣāṇāṃ viṣayāṃstathā | viṣayānauragāñjñātvā gāndharvaviṣayāṃstathā

having known the objects of enjoyment of the rakshasas, and likewise of the yakshas, the objects of the serpents, and likewise of the gandharvas,

Verse 7 (12.307.7)

पितृणां विषयाञ्ज्ञात्वा तिर्यक्षु चरतां नृप । सुपर्णविषयाञ्ज्ञात्वा मरुतां विषयांस्तथा ॥

pitṛṇāṃ viṣayāñjñātvā tiryakṣu caratāṃ nṛpa | suparṇaviṣayāñjñātvā marutāṃ viṣayāṃstathā

having known the realms of the fathers, and of those who range among the animals, O king, the realms of the Suparnas, and likewise of the Maruts,

Verse 8 (12.307.8)

राजर्षिविषयाञ्ज्ञात्वा ब्रह्मर्षिविषयांस्तथा । आसुरान्विषयाञ्ज्ञात्वा वैश्वदेवांस्तथैव च ॥

rājarṣiviṣayāñjñātvā brahmarṣiviṣayāṃstathā | āsurānviṣayāñjñātvā vaiśvadevāṃstathaiva ca

having known the realms of the royal sages and likewise of the brahmin sages, those of the asuras, and likewise of the Vishvedevas,

Verse 9 (12.307.9)

देवर्षिविषयाञ्ज्ञात्वा योगानामपि चेश्वरान् । प्रजापतीनां विषयान्ब्रह्मणो विषयांस्तथा ॥

devarṣiviṣayāñjñātvā yogānāmapi ceśvarān | prajāpatīnāṃ viṣayānbrahmaṇo viṣayāṃstathā

having known the realms of the divine sages, and of the lords of yogas as well, of the Prajapatis, and likewise of Brahma,

Verse 10 (12.307.10)

आयुषश्च परं कालं लोके विज्ञाय तत्त्वतः । सुखस्य च परं तत्त्वं विज्ञाय वदतां वर ॥

āyuṣaśca paraṃ kālaṃ loke vijñāya tattvataḥ | sukhasya ca paraṃ tattvaṃ vijñāya vadatāṃ vara

and having truly understood the furthest span of life in the world, and the highest truth of happiness, O best of speakers,

Verse 11 (12.307.11)

प्राप्ते काले च यद्दुःखं सततं विषयैषिणाम् । तिर्यक्षु पततां दुःखं पततां नरके च यत् ॥

prāpte kāle ca yadduḥkhaṃ satataṃ viṣayaiṣiṇām | tiryakṣu patatāṃ duḥkhaṃ patatāṃ narake ca yat

and the sorrow that comes, when the time arrives, to those who always seek objects of enjoyment, the sorrow of those who fall among animals and of those who fall into hell,

Verse 12 (12.307.12)

स्वर्गस्य च गुणान्कृत्स्नान्दोषान्सर्वांश्च भारत । परिसंख्यानसंख्यानं सत्वं सांख्यगुणात्मकम् । वेदवादे येऽपि दोषा गुणा ये चापि वैदिकाः ॥

svargasya ca guṇānkṛtsnāndoṣānsarvāṃśca bhārata | parisaṃkhyānasaṃkhyānaṃ satvaṃ sāṃkhyaguṇātmakam | vedavāde ye'pi doṣā guṇā ye cāpi vaidikāḥ

and all the merits and all the faults of heaven, O Bharata — the counting of the reckonings, sattva, the Sankhya whose nature is the qualities — and whatever faults and whatever merits belong to the doctrine of the Vedas, and whatever belong to Vedic rites,

Note on the text: Removed the stray wiki quote marks (backtick and apostrophe) and the doubled danda printed inside the line. Three-line verse, as on the page (labelled 12-307-12a/b/c); not auto-matched because of the extra line. Line 1 = CE 12.290.12a; line 3 = CE 12.290.12c (Wikisource येऽपि, वैदिकाः against CE ye ca, vaidikāḥ: kept as printed); line 2 (परिसंख्यानसंख्यानं सत्वं सांख्यगुणात्मकम्) is a Wikisource variant of the CE star line 12.290.13d*0746_02 (parisaṃkhyāya saṃkhyānaṃ matvā sāṃkhyaṃ guṇādhikam), here placed inside this verse.

Verse 13 (12.307.13)

ज्ञानयोगे च ये दोषा गुणा योगे च ये नृप । साङ्ख्यज्ञाने च ये दोषास्तथैव च गुणा नृप । इतरेषु च ये दोषा गुणास्तेषु च भारत ॥

jñānayoge ca ye doṣā guṇā yoge ca ye nṛpa | sāṅkhyajñāne ca ye doṣāstathaiva ca guṇā nṛpa | itareṣu ca ye doṣā guṇāsteṣu ca bhārata

the faults and merits of the yoga of knowledge, and those of Yoga, O king, the faults and merits of the knowledge of Sankhya, and those of the other systems too, O Bharata,

Note on the text: Removed the stray wiki quote marks (backtick and apostrophe) and the doubled danda printed inside the line. Three-line verse, as on the page (labelled 12-307-13a/b/c); not auto-matched because of the extra line. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.13a and 13c; line 3 is the CE star line 12.290.13d*0746_01 (itareṣu ca ye doṣā guṇās teṣu ca bhārata).

Verse 14 (12.307.14)

सत्वं दशगुणं ज्ञात्वा रजो नवगुणं तथा । तमश्चाष्टगुणं ज्ञात्वा वृद्धिं सप्तगुणां तथा ॥

satvaṃ daśaguṇaṃ jñātvā rajo navaguṇaṃ tathā | tamaścāṣṭaguṇaṃ jñātvā vṛddhiṃ saptaguṇāṃ tathā

knowing sattva as tenfold, rajas as ninefold, tamas as eightfold, and growth as sevenfold,

Verse 15 (12.307.15)

षङ्गुणं च मनो ज्ञात्वा नभः पञ्चगुणं तथा । बुद्धिं चतुर्गुणां ज्ञात्वा तमश्च त्रिगुणं तथा ॥

ṣaṅguṇaṃ ca mano jñātvā nabhaḥ pañcaguṇaṃ tathā | buddhiṃ caturguṇāṃ jñātvā tamaśca triguṇaṃ tathā

knowing the mind as sixfold and space as fivefold, the intellect as fourfold and tamas as threefold,

Verse 16 (12.307.16)

द्विगुणं च रजो ज्ञात्वा सत्वमेकगुणं पुनः । सर्गं विज्ञाय तत्त्वेन प्रलये प्रेक्ष्य चात्मनः ॥

dviguṇaṃ ca rajo jñātvā satvamekaguṇaṃ punaḥ | sargaṃ vijñāya tattvena pralaye prekṣya cātmanaḥ

knowing rajas as twofold and sattva as of a single quality; knowing creation as it truly is, and having considered the dissolution of the self as well,

Verse 17 (12.307.17)

ज्ञानविज्ञानसंपन्नाः कारणैर्भाविताः शुभाः । प्राप्नुवन्ति शुभं मोक्षं सूक्ष्मा इव नभः परम् ॥

jñānavijñānasaṃpannāḥ kāraṇairbhāvitāḥ śubhāḥ | prāpnuvanti śubhaṃ mokṣaṃ sūkṣmā iva nabhaḥ param

endowed with knowledge and discernment, made pure by good reasons, they attain auspicious liberation, subtle, as if beyond the very sky.

Verse 18 (12.307.18)

रूपेण दृष्टिं संयुक्तां घ्राणं गन्धगुणेन च । शब्दे सक्तं तथा श्रोत्रं जिह्वा रसगुणेषु च ॥

rūpeṇa dṛṣṭiṃ saṃyuktāṃ ghrāṇaṃ gandhaguṇena ca | śabde saktaṃ tathā śrotraṃ jihvā rasaguṇeṣu ca

The eye is joined to form, the nose to the quality of smell, the ear is attached to sound, and the tongue to the qualities of taste;

Verse 19 (12.307.19)

त्वचं स्पर्शे तथा सक्तां वायुं नभसि चाश्रितम् । मोहं तमसि संयुक्तं लोभमर्थेषु संश्रितम् ॥

tvacaṃ sparśe tathā saktāṃ vāyuṃ nabhasi cāśritam | mohaṃ tamasi saṃyuktaṃ lobhamartheṣu saṃśritam

the skin is attached to touch, and the wind rests in space; delusion is joined to darkness, and greed rests in possessions;

Verse 20 (12.307.20)

विष्णौ क्रान्तं बलं शक्रे कोष्ठे सक्तं तथाऽनलम् । अप्सु देवीं समासक्तामपस्तेजसि संश्रिताः ॥

viṣṇau krāntaṃ balaṃ śakre koṣṭhe saktaṃ tathā'nalam | apsu devīṃ samāsaktāmapastejasi saṃśritāḥ

the stride is in Vishnu, strength in Indra, fire is lodged in the belly, the Goddess is attached to the waters, and the waters rest in radiance;

Verse 21 (12.307.21)

तेजः सूक्ष्मे च संयुक्तं वायुं नभसि चाश्रितम् । नभो महति संयुक्तं महद्बुद्धौ च संश्रितम् ॥

tejaḥ sūkṣme ca saṃyuktaṃ vāyuṃ nabhasi cāśritam | nabho mahati saṃyuktaṃ mahadbuddhau ca saṃśritam

radiance is joined to the subtle, wind rests in space, space is joined to the great principle, and the great principle rests in intellect;

Verse 22 (12.307.22)

बुद्धिं तमसि संसक्तां तमो रजसि संश्रितम् । रजः सत्वे तथा सक्तं सत्वं सक्तं तथाऽऽत्मनि ॥

buddhiṃ tamasi saṃsaktāṃ tamo rajasi saṃśritam | rajaḥ satve tathā saktaṃ satvaṃ saktaṃ tathā''tmani

intellect is attached to tamas, tamas rests in rajas, rajas is attached to sattva, and sattva is attached to the Self;

Verse 23 (12.307.23)

सक्तमात्मानमीशे च देवे नारायणे तथा । देवं मोक्षे च संसक्तं मोक्षं सक्तं तु न क्वचित् ॥

saktamātmānamīśe ca deve nārāyaṇe tathā | devaṃ mokṣe ca saṃsaktaṃ mokṣaṃ saktaṃ tu na kvacit

the Self is attached to the Lord, to the god Narayana; the god is attached to liberation; but liberation is attached to nothing at all.

Verse 24 (12.307.24)

ज्ञात्वा सत्वयुतं देहं वृतं षोडशभिर्गुणैः । स्वभावं चेतनां चैव ज्ञात्वा देहसमाश्रिते ॥

jñātvā satvayutaṃ dehaṃ vṛtaṃ ṣoḍaśabhirguṇaiḥ | svabhāvaṃ cetanāṃ caiva jñātvā dehasamāśrite

Knowing the body, which has sattva in it and is enclosed by sixteen qualities, and knowing the inborn nature and the consciousness that dwell in the body,

Verse 25 (12.307.25)

मध्यस्थमेकमात्मानं पापं यस्मिन्न विद्यते । द्वितीयं कर्म विज्ञाय नृपते विषयैषिणाम् ॥

madhyasthamekamātmānaṃ pāpaṃ yasminna vidyate | dvitīyaṃ karma vijñāya nṛpate viṣayaiṣiṇām

and the one Self standing in the middle, in which no sin exists, and knowing action as the second, O king, in those who seek objects of enjoyment,

Verse 26 (12.307.26)

इन्द्रियाणीन्द्रियार्थांश्च सर्वानात्मनि संश्रितान् । दुर्लभत्वं च मोक्षस्य विज्ञाय श्रुतिपूर्वकम् ॥

indriyāṇīndriyārthāṃśca sarvānātmani saṃśritān | durlabhatvaṃ ca mokṣasya vijñāya śrutipūrvakam

and all the senses and their objects resting in the self, and knowing, as tradition teaches, how hard liberation is to win,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Line 1 = CE 12.290.26a; line 2 is the CE star line 12.290.26b*0747_01 (durlabhatvaṃ ca mokṣasya vijñāya śrutipūrvakam), identical in Wikisource; the same line recurs as line 1 of verse 40 (CE 12.290.39c).

Verse 27 (12.307.27)

प्राणापानौ समानं च व्यानोदानौ च तत्त्वतः । आवहं चानिलं ज्ञात्वा प्रवहं चानिलं पुनः ॥

prāṇāpānau samānaṃ ca vyānodānau ca tattvataḥ | āvahaṃ cānilaṃ jñātvā pravahaṃ cānilaṃ punaḥ

and truly the prana and apana, the samana, the vyana and the udana, and knowing the wind called avaha and the wind called pravaha as well,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.26c and 27a. Wikisource आवहं चानिलं ज्ञात्वा (CE avāk caivānilaṃ jñātvā) is a recension variant, kept.

Verse 28 (12.307.28)

सप्तवातांस्तथा शेषान्सप्तधा विहितान्पुनः । प्रजापतीनृषींश्चैव मार्गांश्चैव बहून्वरान् ॥

saptavātāṃstathā śeṣānsaptadhā vihitānpunaḥ | prajāpatīnṛṣīṃścaiva mārgāṃścaiva bahūnvarān

the seven winds and likewise the rest, ordained again in sevenfold manner, the Prajapatis and the sages, and the many excellent paths,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.27c and 28a. Wikisource विहितान् for CE vidhivat is a recension variant, kept.

Verse 29 (12.307.29)

सप्तर्षीश्च बहूञ्ज्ञात्वा राजर्षीश्च परंतप । सुरर्षीन्महतश्चान्यान्ब्रह्मर्षीन्सूर्यसन्निभान् ॥

saptarṣīśca bahūñjñātvā rājarṣīśca paraṃtapa | surarṣīnmahataścānyānbrahmarṣīnsūryasannibhān

and knowing the many seven sages, and the royal sages, O scorcher of foes, the divine sages and many other great ones, the brahmin sages who shine like the sun,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.28c and 29a. Wikisource ब्रह्मर्षीन् for CE maharṣīn is a recension variant, kept.

Verse 30 (12.307.30)

ऐश्वर्याच्च्यावितान्दृष्ट्वा कालेन महता नृप । महतां भूतसङ्घानां श्रुत्वा नाशं च पार्थिव ॥

aiśvaryāccyāvitāndṛṣṭvā kālena mahatā nṛpa | mahatāṃ bhūtasaṅghānāṃ śrutvā nāśaṃ ca pārthiva

and having seen them fall from lordship after a great length of time, O king, and having heard, O ruler, of the destruction of great hosts of beings,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.29c and 30a.

Verse 31 (12.307.31)

गतिं चाप्यशुभां ज्ञात्वा नृपते पापकर्मिणाम् । वैतरण्यां च यद्दुःखं पतितानां यमक्षये ॥

gatiṃ cāpyaśubhāṃ jñātvā nṛpate pāpakarmiṇām | vaitaraṇyāṃ ca yadduḥkhaṃ patitānāṃ yamakṣaye

and having known the evil fate of the doers of evil, O king, and the suffering of those who have fallen into Yama's abode, in the Vaitarani,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.30c and 31a. Wikisource पापकर्मिणाम् (CE pāpakarmaṇām) is a variant, kept.

Verse 32 (12.307.32)

योनीषु च विचित्रासु संसारानशुभांस्तथा । जठरे चाशुभे वासं शोणितोदकभाजने ॥

yonīṣu ca vicitrāsu saṃsārānaśubhāṃstathā | jaṭhare cāśubhe vāsaṃ śoṇitodakabhājane

the varied wombs and the evil cycles of rebirth; the dwelling in the foul womb, in a vessel of blood and water,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.31c and 32a.

Verse 33 (12.307.33)

श्लेष्ममूत्रपुरीषे च तीव्रगन्धसमन्विते । शुक्रशोणितसंघाते मज्जास्नायुपरिग्रहे ॥

śleṣmamūtrapurīṣe ca tīvragandhasamanvite | śukraśoṇitasaṃghāte majjāsnāyuparigrahe

full of phlegm, urine and excrement, with a strong stench; a mass of semen and blood, held together by marrow and sinews,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.32c and 33a.

Verse 34 (12.307.34)

सिराशतसमाकीर्णे नवद्वारे पुरेऽशुचौ । विज्ञायाहितमात्मानं योगांश्च विविधान्नृप ॥

sirāśatasamākīrṇe navadvāre pure'śucau | vijñāyāhitamātmānaṃ yogāṃśca vividhānnṛpa

crowded with hundreds of veins, a foul city of nine doors; and knowing the self to be in harm's way there, and the various kinds of yoga, O king,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.33c and 34a.

Verse 35 (12.307.35)

तामसानां च जन्तूनां रमणीयावृतात्मनाम् । सात्विकानां च जन्तूनां कुत्सितं भरतर्षभ ॥

tāmasānāṃ ca jantūnāṃ ramaṇīyāvṛtātmanām | sātvikānāṃ ca jantūnāṃ kutsitaṃ bharatarṣabha

what seems delightful to creatures of tamas, whose selves are veiled, is loathsome to creatures of sattva, O best of the Bharatas,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.34c and 35a.

Verse 36 (12.307.36)

गर्हितं महतामर्थे साङ्ख्यानां विदितात्मनाम् । उपप्लवांस्तथा घोराञ्शशिनस्तेजसस्तथा ॥

garhitaṃ mahatāmarthe sāṅkhyānāṃ viditātmanām | upaplavāṃstathā ghorāñśaśinastejasastathā

and is condemned by the great, for the sake of the Sankhyas who know the self; and the terrible eclipses, of the moon and likewise of the sun,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.35c and 36a.

Verse 37 (12.307.37)

ताराणां पतनं दृष्ट्वा नक्षत्राणां च पर्ययम् । द्वन्द्वानां विप्रयोगं च विज्ञाय कृपणं नृप ॥

tārāṇāṃ patanaṃ dṛṣṭvā nakṣatrāṇāṃ ca paryayam | dvandvānāṃ viprayogaṃ ca vijñāya kṛpaṇaṃ nṛpa

seeing the fall of stars and the turning of the constellations, and knowing the wretched separation of pairs, O king,

Note on the text: Corrected कृपण → कृपणं (misprint in Wikisource; dropped anusvāra, the word agrees with विप्रयोगं; CE kṛpaṇaṃ nṛpa). Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.36c and 37a.

Verse 38 (12.307.38)

अन्योन्यभक्षणं दृष्ट्वा भूतानामपि चाशुभम् । बाल्ये मोहं च विज्ञाय क्षयं देहस्य चाशुभम् ॥

anyonyabhakṣaṇaṃ dṛṣṭvā bhūtānāmapi cāśubham | bālye mohaṃ ca vijñāya kṣayaṃ dehasya cāśubham

seeing beings devour one another, which is evil, and knowing the delusion of childhood and the foul decay of the body,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.37c and 38a.

Verse 39 (12.307.39)

रागे मोहे च संप्राप्ते क्वचित्सत्वं समाश्रितम् । सहस्रेषु नरः कश्चिन्मोक्षबुद्धिं समाश्रितः ॥

rāge mohe ca saṃprāpte kvacitsatvaṃ samāśritam | sahasreṣu naraḥ kaścinmokṣabuddhiṃ samāśritaḥ

when passion and delusion have set in, sattva is found only in a rare man; among thousands, a single one holds to the thought of liberation,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.38c and 39a.

Verse 40 (12.307.40)

दुर्लभत्वं च मोक्षस्य विज्ञाय श्रुतिपूर्वकम् । बहुमानमलब्धेषु लब्धे मध्यस्थतां पुनः ॥

durlabhatvaṃ ca mokṣasya vijñāya śrutipūrvakam | bahumānamalabdheṣu labdhe madhyasthatāṃ punaḥ

knowing, as tradition teaches, how hard liberation is to win; honouring highly what he has not gained, and keeping an even mind toward what he has gained,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.39c and 40a.

Verse 41 (12.307.41)

विषयाणां च दौरात्म्यं विज्ञाय नृपते पुनः । गतासूनां च कौन्तेय देहान्दृष्ट्वा तथाऽशुभान् ॥

viṣayāṇāṃ ca daurātmyaṃ vijñāya nṛpate punaḥ | gatāsūnāṃ ca kaunteya dehāndṛṣṭvā tathā'śubhān

and having known again the wickedness of objects of enjoyment, O king, and seeing the bodies of the dead, so foul, O son of Kunti,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.40c and 41a.

Verse 42 (12.307.42)

वासं कुलेषु जन्तूनां दुःखं विज्ञाय भारत । ब्रह्मघ्नानां गतिं ज्ञात्वा पतितानां सुदारुणाम् ॥

vāsaṃ kuleṣu jantūnāṃ duḥkhaṃ vijñāya bhārata | brahmaghnānāṃ gatiṃ jñātvā patitānāṃ sudāruṇām

having known the misery of dwelling in the families of living creatures, O Bharata, and the dreadful fate of brahmin-slayers, of the fallen,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.41c and 42a.

Verse 43 (12.307.43)

सुरापाने च सक्तानां ब्राह्मणानां दुरात्मनाम् । गुरुदारप्रसक्तानां गतिं विज्ञाय चाशुभाम् ॥

surāpāne ca saktānāṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ durātmanām | gurudāraprasaktānāṃ gatiṃ vijñāya cāśubhām

and the evil fate of wicked brahmins addicted to drinking liquor, and of those devoted to the wives of their gurus,

Note on the text: Corrected गुरूदारप्रसक्तानां → गुरुदारप्रसक्तानां (misprint in Wikisource; long ऊ for उ; CE gurudāraprasaktānām). Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.42c and 42e.

Verse 44 (12.307.44)

जननीषु च वर्तन्ते येन सम्यग्युधिष्ठिर । सदेवकेषु लोकेषु येन वर्तन्ति मानवाः ॥

jananīṣu ca vartante yena samyagyudhiṣṭhira | sadevakeṣu lokeṣu yena vartanti mānavāḥ

that by which, Yudhishthira, men conduct themselves rightly towards their mothers, and by which they conduct themselves rightly in the worlds with their gods —

Note on the text: Wikisource येन सम्यग् ... येन वर्तन्ति (CE ye na samyag ... ye na vartanti) is a recension variant, kept: "that by which men conduct themselves rightly".

Verse 45 (12.307.45)

तेन ज्ञानेन विज्ञाय गतिं चाशुभकर्मणाम् । तिर्यग्योनिगतानां च विज्ञाय च गतिं पृथक् ॥

tena jñānena vijñāya gatiṃ cāśubhakarmaṇām | tiryagyonigatānāṃ ca vijñāya ca gatiṃ pṛthak

by that knowledge, knowing the fate of those whose deeds are evil, and knowing separately the fates of those who have gone into animal wombs,

Verse 46 (12.307.46)

वेदवादांस्तथा चित्रानृतूनां पर्ययांस्तथा । क्षयं संवत्सराणां च मासानां च क्षयं तथा ॥

vedavādāṃstathā citrānṛtūnāṃ paryayāṃstathā | kṣayaṃ saṃvatsarāṇāṃ ca māsānāṃ ca kṣayaṃ tathā

the varied Vedic discourses, and the turning of the seasons, the wearing away of the years and the waning of the months,

Verse 47 (12.307.47)

पक्षक्षयं तथा दृष्ट्वा दिवसानां च संक्षयम् । क्षयं वृद्धिं च चन्द्रस्य दृष्ट्वा प्रत्यक्षतस्तथा ॥

pakṣakṣayaṃ tathā dṛṣṭvā divasānāṃ ca saṃkṣayam | kṣayaṃ vṛddhiṃ ca candrasya dṛṣṭvā pratyakṣatastathā

seeing the waning of the fortnights and the passing of the days, and seeing with one's own eyes the waning and waxing of the moon,

Verse 48 (12.307.48)

वृद्धिं दृष्ट्वा समुद्राणां क्षयं तेषां तथा पुनः । क्षयं धनानां दृष्ट्वा च पुनर्वृद्धिं तथैव च ॥

vṛddhiṃ dṛṣṭvā samudrāṇāṃ kṣayaṃ teṣāṃ tathā punaḥ | kṣayaṃ dhanānāṃ dṛṣṭvā ca punarvṛddhiṃ tathaiva ca

seeing the swelling of the oceans and again their shrinking, seeing the loss of wealth and its growth again,

Verse 49 (12.307.49)

संयोगानां क्षयं दृष्ट्वा युगानां च विशेषतः । क्षयं च दृष्ट्वा शैलानां क्षयं च सरितां तथा ॥

saṃyogānāṃ kṣayaṃ dṛṣṭvā yugānāṃ ca viśeṣataḥ | kṣayaṃ ca dṛṣṭvā śailānāṃ kṣayaṃ ca saritāṃ tathā

seeing the end of unions, and especially of the ages, the wearing away of mountains and likewise the drying of rivers,

Verse 50 (12.307.50)

वर्णानां च क्षयं दृष्ट्वा क्षयान्तं च पुनः पुनः । जरा मृत्युस्तथा जन्म दृष्ट्वा दुःखानि चैव ह ॥

varṇānāṃ ca kṣayaṃ dṛṣṭvā kṣayāntaṃ ca punaḥ punaḥ | jarā mṛtyustathā janma dṛṣṭvā duḥkhāni caiva ha

seeing the decline of the classes, and again and again how everything ends in decay, seeing old age, death and birth, and sufferings too,

Verse 51 (12.307.51)

देहदोषांस्तथा ज्ञात्वा तेषां दुःखं च तत्त्वतः । देहविक्लवतां चैव सम्यग्विज्ञाय तत्त्वतः ॥

dehadoṣāṃstathā jñātvā teṣāṃ duḥkhaṃ ca tattvataḥ | dehaviklavatāṃ caiva samyagvijñāya tattvataḥ

and having known the faults of the body and, in truth, their suffering, and rightly understanding, in truth, the body's helplessness,

Verse 52 (12.307.52)

आत्मदोषांश्च विज्ञाय सर्वानात्मनि संश्रितान् । स्वदेहादुत्थितान्गन्धांस्तथा विज्ञाय चाशुभान् । मूत्रश्लेष्मपुरीषादीन्स्वेदजांश्च सुकुत्सितान् ॥

ātmadoṣāṃśca vijñāya sarvānātmani saṃśritān | svadehādutthitāngandhāṃstathā vijñāya cāśubhān | mūtraśleṣmapurīṣādīnsvedajāṃśca sukutsitān

and having known the faults of the self, all that rests in the self, and knowing as foul the odours that rise from one's own body — of urine, phlegm, excrement and the like, and those born of sweat, utterly loathsome —

Note on the text: Corrected गब्धांस् → गन्धांस् (misprint in Wikisource; ब for न; CE gandhāṃs). Removed the stray wiki quote marks (backtick and apostrophe) and the doubled danda printed inside the line. Three-line verse, as on the page (labelled 12-307-52a/b/c); not auto-matched because of the extra line. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.51a and 51c; line 3 is the CE star line 12.290.51d*0748_01 (mūtraśleṣmapurīṣādīn svedajāṃś ca sukutsitān).

Verse 53 (12.307.53)

कान्स्वगात्रोद्भवान्दोषान्पश्यस्यमितविक्रम । एतन्मे संशयं कृत्स्नं वक्तुमर्हसि तत्त्वतः ॥

kānsvagātrodbhavāndoṣānpaśyasyamitavikrama | etanme saṃśayaṃ kṛtsnaṃ vaktumarhasi tattvataḥ

What faults arising in one's own body do you see, O man of unmeasured valour? Please tell me all this doubt of mine truly.

Verse 54 (12.307.54)

पञ्च दोषान्प्रभो देहे प्रवदन्ति मनीषिणः । मार्गज्ञाः कापिलाः साङ्ख्याः शृणु तानरिसूदन ॥

pañca doṣānprabho dehe pravadanti manīṣiṇaḥ | mārgajñāḥ kāpilāḥ sāṅkhyāḥ śṛṇu tānarisūdana

The wise, the Kapila Sankhyas who know the way, declare that there are five faults in the body, O lord. Hear them, O destroyer of foes.

Verse 55 (12.307.55)

कामक्रोधौ भयं निद्रा पञ्चमः श्वास उच्यते ॥

kāmakrodhau bhayaṃ nidrā pañcamaḥ śvāsa ucyate

Desire and anger, fear, sleep, and fifth, breathing, is what is said.

Note on the text: One-line verse, as on the page (labelled 12-307-55a). It is CE 12.290.54a (kāmakrodhau bhayaṃ nidrā pañcamaḥ śvāsa ucyate); the CE continues the same verse with the line that opens the next Wikisource verse. Not auto-matched.

Verse 56 (12.307.56)

एते दोषाः शरीरेषु दृश्यन्ते सर्वदेहिनाम् । छिन्दन्ति क्षमया क्रोधं कामं संकल्पवर्जनात् ॥

ete doṣāḥ śarīreṣu dṛśyante sarvadehinām | chindanti kṣamayā krodhaṃ kāmaṃ saṃkalpavarjanāt

These faults are seen in the bodies of all embodied beings. They cut away anger by forbearance, and desire by giving up resolve,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Line 1 = CE 12.290.54c, line 2 = CE 12.290.55a.

Verse 57 (12.307.57)

सत्वसंसेवनान्निद्रामप्रमादाद्भयं तथा । छिन्दन्ति पञ्चमं श्वासमल्पाहारतया नृप ॥

satvasaṃsevanānnidrāmapramādādbhayaṃ tathā | chindanti pañcamaṃ śvāsamalpāhāratayā nṛpa

sleep by cultivating sattva, and fear by heedfulness; and they cut away the fifth, breath, by eating little, O king.

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.55c and 55e (Wikisource अल्पाहारतया for CE laghvāhāratayā: recension variant, kept).

Verse 58 (12.307.58)

गुणान्गुणशतैर्ज्ञात्वा दोषान्दोषशतैरपि । हेतून्हेतुशतैश्चित्रैश्चित्रान्विज्ञाय तत्त्वतः ॥

guṇānguṇaśatairjñātvā doṣāndoṣaśatairapi | hetūnhetuśataiścitraiścitrānvijñāya tattvataḥ

Knowing qualities by hundreds of qualities, faults by hundreds of faults, causes by hundreds of varied causes, and truly understanding the variety of things,

Verse 59 (12.307.59)

अपां फेनोपमं लोकं विष्णोर्मायाशतैश्चितम् । चित्रभित्तिप्रतीकाशं नलसारमनर्थकम् ॥

apāṃ phenopamaṃ lokaṃ viṣṇormāyāśataiścitam | citrabhittipratīkāśaṃ nalasāramanarthakam

seeing the world as like the foam on water, heaped with hundreds of Vishnu's illusions, like a painted wall, with the pith of a reed, without meaning,

Note on the text: Corrected मायाशतैश्वितम् → मायाशतैश्चितम् (misprint in Wikisource; व for च; the word is चित "heaped, covered" (CE māyāśatair vṛtam reads differently); Wikisource चित्रभित्तिप्रतीकाशं for CE cittabhitti-: recension variant, kept).

Verse 60 (12.307.60)

तमः श्वभ्रनिभं दृष्ट्वा वर्षबुद्बुदसंनिभम् । क्लेशप्रायं सुखाद्धीनं नाशोत्तरमिहावशम् ॥

tamaḥ śvabhranibhaṃ dṛṣṭvā varṣabudbudasaṃnibham | kleśaprāyaṃ sukhāddhīnaṃ nāśottaramihāvaśam

like a dark pit, like a rain-bubble, mostly full of affliction, bereft of happiness, ending in destruction, and helpless,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.58a and 58c (Wikisource क्लेशप्रायं, नाशोत्तरमिहावशम् for CE nāśaprāyaṃ, nāśottaram abhāvagam: recension variant, kept).

Verse 61 (12.307.61)

रजस्तमसि संमग्नं पङ्के द्विपमिवावशम् । साङ्ख्या राजन्महाप्राज्ञास्त्यक्त्वा देहं प्रजाकृतं ॥

rajastamasi saṃmagnaṃ paṅke dvipamivāvaśam | sāṅkhyā rājanmahāprājñāstyaktvā dehaṃ prajākṛtaṃ

sunk in rajas and tamas like a helpless elephant in mud — the Sankhyas, O king, of great wisdom, abandoning the body made by procreation,

Note on the text: Corrected द्वीपम् → द्विपम् (misprint in Wikisource; long ई for ि; an elephant stuck helpless in mud, CE dvipam ivāvaśam). Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Line 1 = CE 12.290.58e, line 2 = CE 12.290.59a.

Verse 62 (12.307.62)

ज्ञानयोगेन साङ्ख्येन व्यापिना महता नृप । राजसानशुभान्गन्धांस्तामसांश्च तथाविधान् ॥

jñānayogena sāṅkhyena vyāpinā mahatā nṛpa | rājasānaśubhāngandhāṃstāmasāṃśca tathāvidhān

by the knowledge-yoga of Sankhya, all-pervading and great, O king, cutting away the evil odours of rajas and the like odours of tamas,

Note on the text: Corrected तांमसांश्च → तामसांश्च (misprint in Wikisource; stray anusvāra; CE tāmasāṃś ca). Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Line 1 = CE 12.290.59c (Wikisource ज्ञानयोगेन साङ्ख्येन for CE jñānajñeyena sāṃkhyena: recension variant, kept), line 2 = CE 12.290.60a.

Verse 63 (12.307.63)

पुण्यांश्च सात्विकान्गन्धान्स्पर्शजान्देहसंश्रितान् । छित्त्वाऽऽशु ज्ञानशस्त्रेण तपो दण्डेन भारत ॥

puṇyāṃśca sātvikāngandhānsparśajāndehasaṃśritān | chittvā''śu jñānaśastreṇa tapo daṇḍena bhārata

and the meritorious odours of sattva, born of touch and resting in the body, swiftly with the sword of knowledge and the staff of austerity, O Bharata,

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.60c and 60e.

Verse 64 (12.307.64)

ततो दुःखोदधिं घोरं चिन्ताशोकमहाह्रदम् । व्याधिमृत्युमहाग्राहं महाभयमहोरगम् ॥

tato duḥkhodadhiṃ ghoraṃ cintāśokamahāhradam | vyādhimṛtyumahāgrāhaṃ mahābhayamahoragam

then they cross by wisdom the dreadful ocean of sorrow, whose great lake is worry and grief, whose great crocodile is disease and death, whose great serpent is mighty fear,

Verse 65 (12.307.65)

तमःकूर्मं रजोमीनं प्रज्ञया संतरन्त्युत । स्नेहपङ्कं जरादुर्गं ज्ञानदीपमरिंदम् ॥

tamaḥkūrmaṃ rajomīnaṃ prajñayā saṃtarantyuta | snehapaṅkaṃ jarādurgaṃ jñānadīpamariṃdam

whose tortoise is tamas and whose fish is rajas, whose mud is affection, whose fortress is old age, whose lamp is knowledge, O subduer of foes,

Verse 66 (12.307.66)

कर्मागाधं सत्यतीरं स्थितव्रतमरिंदम् । हिंसाशीघ्रमहावेगं नानारससमाकरम् ॥

karmāgādhaṃ satyatīraṃ sthitavratamariṃdam | hiṃsāśīghramahāvegaṃ nānārasasamākaram

whose depth is action and whose shore is truth, firm in its vows, O subduer of foes, swift and mighty in its violent currents, a mine of many flavours,

Verse 67 (12.307.67)

नानाप्रीतिमहारत्नं दुःखज्वरसमीरणम् । शोकतृष्णामहावर्तं तीक्ष्णव्याधिमहागजम् ॥

nānāprītimahāratnaṃ duḥkhajvarasamīraṇam | śokatṛṣṇāmahāvartaṃ tīkṣṇavyādhimahāgajam

whose great jewels are the many kinds of joy, whose wind is the fever of sorrow, whose great whirlpools are grief and craving, whose great elephants are sharp diseases,

Verse 68 (12.307.68)

अस्थिसंघातसंघट्टं श्लेष्मफेनमरिंदम् । दानमुक्ताकरं घोरं शोणितह्रदविद्रुमम् ॥

asthisaṃghātasaṃghaṭṭaṃ śleṣmaphenamariṃdam | dānamuktākaraṃ ghoraṃ śoṇitahradavidrumam

which clashes with heaps of bones and has phlegm for foam, O subduer of foes, whose pearl-mine is charity, dreadful, whose coral is the pools of blood,

Verse 69 (12.307.69)

हसितोत्क्रुष्टनिर्घोषं नानाज्ञानसुदुस्तरम् । रोदनाश्रुमलक्षारं सङ्गत्यागपरायणम् ॥

hasitotkruṣṭanirghoṣaṃ nānājñānasudustaram | rodanāśrumalakṣāraṃ saṅgatyāgaparāyaṇam

whose roar is the sound of laughter and shouting, hard to cross for the many kinds of knowledge, whose brine is the tears of weeping, whose refuge is the giving up of attachment,

Verse 70 (12.307.70)

पुत्रदारजलौकौघं मित्रबान्धवपत्तनम् । अहिंसासत्यमर्यादं प्राणत्यागमहोर्मिणम् ॥

putradārajalaukaughaṃ mitrabāndhavapattanam | ahiṃsāsatyamaryādaṃ prāṇatyāgamahormiṇam

whose swarms of leeches are sons and wives, whose port-city is friends and kin, whose shores are non-violence and truth, whose great waves are the giving up of life,

Note on the text: Corrected मत्रि → मित्र (misprint in Wikisource; garbled vowel; CE putrabāndhavapattanam, with the same second member). Wikisource पुत्रदारजलौकौघं (CE punar ājanmalokaughaṃ) is a recension variant, kept.

Verse 71 (12.307.71)

वेदान्तगमनद्वीपं सर्वभूतदयोदकम् । मोक्षदुर्लभविषयं वडवामुखसागरम् ॥

vedāntagamanadvīpaṃ sarvabhūtadayodakam | mokṣadurlabhaviṣayaṃ vaḍavāmukhasāgaram

whose island is the course of the Vedanta, whose water is compassion for all beings, whose realm is liberation, so hard to attain, whose submarine fire is the Vadavamukha — that ocean.

Note on the text: Corrected दुर्लाभ → दुर्लभ (misprint in Wikisource; stray ā-mātrā, which also breaks the metre; CE mokṣaduṣprāpaviṣayam). Corrected व़डवा → वडवा (misprint in Wikisource; stray nukta; CE vaḍavā).

Verse 72 (12.307.72)

तरन्ति मुनयः सिद्धा ज्ञानयानेन भारत । तीर्त्वाऽतिदुस्तरं जन्म विशन्ति विमलं नभः ॥

taranti munayaḥ siddhā jñānayānena bhārata | tīrtvā'tidustaraṃ janma viśanti vimalaṃ nabhaḥ

Sages and siddhas cross it, O Bharata, in the vessel of knowledge; and having crossed birth, so hard to cross, they enter the stainless sky.

Verse 73 (12.307.73)

तत्र तान्सुकृतीन्साङ्ख्यान्सूर्यो वहति रश्मिभिः । पद्मतन्तुवदाविश्य प्रसह्य विषयान्नृप ॥

tatra tānsukṛtīnsāṅkhyānsūryo vahati raśmibhiḥ | padmatantuvadāviśya prasahya viṣayānnṛpa

There the sun carries those meritorious Sankhyas on his rays, entering them like the fibre of a lotus and forcibly overcoming the objects of enjoyment, O king.

Verse 74 (12.307.74)

तत्र तान्प्रवहो वायुः प्रतिगृह्णाति भारत । वीतरागान्यतीन्सिद्धान्वीर्ययुक्तांस्तपोधनान् ॥

tatra tānpravaho vāyuḥ pratigṛhṇāti bhārata | vītarāgānyatīnsiddhānvīryayuktāṃstapodhanān

There the wind Pravaha receives them, O Bharata — ascetics free of passion, siddhas, full of vigour, whose wealth is austerity.

Verse 75 (12.307.75)

सूक्ष्मः शीतः सुगन्धी च सुखस्पर्शश्च भारत । सप्तानां मरुतां श्रेष्ठो लोकान्गच्छति यः शुभान् । स तान्वहति कौन्तेय नभसः परमां गतिम् ॥

sūkṣmaḥ śītaḥ sugandhī ca sukhasparśaśca bhārata | saptānāṃ marutāṃ śreṣṭho lokāngacchati yaḥ śubhān | sa tānvahati kaunteya nabhasaḥ paramāṃ gatim

Subtle, cool, fragrant and pleasant to the touch, O Bharata, foremost of the seven winds, it goes to the auspicious worlds; and it carries them, O son of Kunti, to the highest resort of space.

Note on the text: Three-line verse, as on the page (labelled 12-307-75a/b/c): lines 1, 2, 3 = CE 12.290.72a, 72c, 72e.

Verse 76 (12.307.76)

नभो वहति लोकेश रजसः परमां गतिम् । तमो वहति लोकेश रजसः परमां गतिम् । रजो वहति राजेन्द्र सत्वस्य परमां गतिम् ॥

nabho vahati lokeśa rajasaḥ paramāṃ gatim | tamo vahati lokeśa rajasaḥ paramāṃ gatim | rajo vahati rājendra satvasya paramāṃ gatim

Space carries them, O lord of the world, to the highest resort of rajas. Tamas carries them, O lord of the world, to the highest resort of rajas. Rajas carries them, O best of kings, to the highest resort of sattva.

Note on the text: Removed the stray wiki quote marks (backtick and apostrophe) and the doubled danda printed inside the line. Three-line verse, as on the page (labelled 12-307-76a/b/c); not auto-matched because of the extra line. Line 1 = CE 12.290.73a; line 2 is the CE star line 12.290.73b*0749_01 (tamo vahati rājendra rajasaḥ paramāṃ gatim; Wikisource लोकेश for rājendra, kept); line 3 = CE 12.290.73c.

Verse 77 (12.307.77)

सत्वं वहति राजेन्द्र परं नारायणं प्रभुम् । प्रभुर्वहति शुद्धात्मा परमात्मानमात्मना ॥

satvaṃ vahati rājendra paraṃ nārāyaṇaṃ prabhum | prabhurvahati śuddhātmā paramātmānamātmanā

Sattva carries them, O best of kings, to the Supreme Lord Narayana. The Lord, pure of self, carries them by himself to the Supreme Self.

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.74a and 74c (Wikisource राजेन्द्र for CE śuddhātman in line 1: recension variant, kept).

Verse 78 (12.307.78)

परमात्मानमासाद्य तद्भूता यतयोऽमलाः । अमृतत्वाय कल्पन्ते न निवर्तन्ति वा विभो ॥

paramātmānamāsādya tadbhūtā yatayo'malāḥ | amṛtatvāya kalpante na nivartanti vā vibho

Having reached the Supreme Self, the stainless ascetics become one with him; they are made fit for immortality, and do not return, O lord.

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.75a and 75c (Wikisource तद्भूता यतयोऽमलाः for CE tadbhūtāyatanāmalāḥ: recension variant, kept).

Verse 79 (12.307.79)

परमा सा गतिः पार्थ निर्द्वन्द्वानां महात्मनाम् । सत्यार्जवरतानां वै सर्वभूतदयावताम् ॥

paramā sā gatiḥ pārtha nirdvandvānāṃ mahātmanām | satyārjavaratānāṃ vai sarvabhūtadayāvatām

That is the supreme goal, O Partha, of the great-souled who are beyond the pairs of opposites, who delight in truth and uprightness and have compassion for all beings.

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Line 1 = CE 12.290.75e; line 2 is the CE star line 12.290.75f*0750_01 (satyārjavaratānāṃ vai sarvabhūtadayāvatām).

Verse 80 (12.307.80)

स्थानमुत्तममासाद्य भगवन्तं स्थिरव्रताः । आजन्ममरणं वा ते स्मरन्त्युत न वाऽनघ ॥

sthānamuttamamāsādya bhagavantaṃ sthiravratāḥ | ājanmamaraṇaṃ vā te smarantyuta na vā'nagha

Having reached that highest abode, and the Blessed One, firm in their vows, do they remember anything from birth to death, or not, O sinless one?

Verse 81 (12.307.81)

यदत्र तथ्यं तन्मे त्वं यथावद्वक्तुमर्हसि । त्वदृते पुरुषं नान्यं प्रष्टुमर्हामि कौरव ॥

yadatra tathyaṃ tanme tvaṃ yathāvadvaktumarhasi | tvadṛte puruṣaṃ nānyaṃ praṣṭumarhāmi kaurava

Tell me what is true in this matter, exactly as it is; I may ask no one but you, O Kaurava.

Verse 82 (12.307.82)

मोक्षे दोषो महानेष प्राप्य सिद्धिगतानृषीन् । यदि तत्रैव विज्ञाने वर्तन्ते यतयः परे ॥

mokṣe doṣo mahāneṣa prāpya siddhigatānṛṣīn | yadi tatraiva vijñāne vartante yatayaḥ pare

Here lies a great fault in liberation: if the supreme ascetics, having reached the sages who have attained perfection, still go on in that same state of awareness —

Verse 83 (12.307.83)

प्रवृत्तिलक्षणं धर्मं पश्यामि परमं नृप । मग्नस्य हि परे ज्ञाने किं न दुःखतरं भवेत् ॥

pravṛttilakṣaṇaṃ dharmaṃ paśyāmi paramaṃ nṛpa | magnasya hi pare jñāne kiṃ na duḥkhataraṃ bhavet

I see the law of action as supreme, O king; for one who is immersed in the supreme knowledge, would there not be greater sorrow?

Verse 84 (12.307.84)

यथान्यायं त्वया तात प्रश्नः पृष्टः सुसंकटः । बुधानामपि संमोहः प्रश्नेऽस्मिन्भरतर्षभ ॥

yathānyāyaṃ tvayā tāta praśnaḥ pṛṣṭaḥ susaṃkaṭaḥ | budhānāmapi saṃmohaḥ praśne'sminbharatarṣabha

You have asked the question as it ought to be asked, dear son, and it is a very hard one; even the wise are bewildered by this question, O best of the Bharatas.

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.80a and 80c.

Verse 85 (12.307.85)

अत्रापि तत्त्वं परमं शृणु सम्यङ्मयेरितम् । बुद्धिश्च परमा यत्र कापिलानां महात्मनाम् ॥

atrāpi tattvaṃ paramaṃ śṛṇu samyaṅmayeritam | buddhiśca paramā yatra kāpilānāṃ mahātmanām

On this too hear the supreme truth, rightly spoken by me, where lies the supreme understanding of the great-souled Kapilas.

Note on the text: Corrected सम्यङ्भयेरितम् → सम्यङ्मयेरितम् (misprint in Wikisource; भ for म; CE samyaṅ mayeritam). Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Line 1 = CE 12.290.80e, line 2 = CE 12.290.81a.

Verse 86 (12.307.86)

इन्द्रियाण्येव बुध्यन्ते स्वदेहे देहिनां नृप । कारणान्यात्मनस्तानि सूक्ष्मः पश्यति तैस्तु सः ॥

indriyāṇyeva budhyante svadehe dehināṃ nṛpa | kāraṇānyātmanastāni sūkṣmaḥ paśyati taistu saḥ

The senses alone perceive in their own body, O king, in embodied beings; they are the instruments of the self, and the subtle one sees through them.

Note on the text: Not auto-matched, though the critical edition has it. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.81c and 81e.

Verse 87 (12.307.87)

आत्मना विप्रहीणानि काष्ठकुड्यसमानि तु । विनश्यन्ति न संदेहः फेना इव महार्णवे ॥

ātmanā viprahīṇāni kāṣṭhakuḍyasamāni tu | vinaśyanti na saṃdehaḥ phenā iva mahārṇave

Deprived of the self, they are like timber and walls, and they perish without doubt, like foam on the great ocean.

Verse 88 (12.307.88)

इन्द्रियैः सह सुप्तस्य देहिनः शत्रुतापन । सूक्ष्मश्चरति सर्वत्र नभसीव समीरणः ॥

indriyaiḥ saha suptasya dehinaḥ śatrutāpana | sūkṣmaścarati sarvatra nabhasīva samīraṇaḥ

When an embodied being sleeps together with his senses, O scorcher of foes, the subtle one moves everywhere, like the wind in the sky.

Verse 89 (12.307.89)

स पश्यति यथान्यायं स्पर्शान्स्पृशति वा विभो । बुध्यमानो यथापूर्वमखिलेनेह भारत ॥

sa paśyati yathānyāyaṃ sparśānspṛśati vā vibho | budhyamāno yathāpūrvamakhileneha bhārata

He sees as is fitting, or feels touches, O lord, and awakens as before, wholly, here, O Bharata.

Verse 90 (12.307.90)

इन्द्रियाणीह सर्वाणि स्वे स्वे स्थाने यथाविधि । अनीशत्वात्प्रलीयन्ते सर्पा हतविषा इव ॥

indriyāṇīha sarvāṇi sve sve sthāne yathāvidhi | anīśatvātpralīyante sarpā hataviṣā iva

Here all the senses, each in its own place, as is fitting, dissolve for lack of mastery, like snakes whose venom has been killed.

Verse 91 (12.307.91)

इन्द्रियाणां तु सर्वेषां स्वस्थानेष्वेव सर्वशः । आक्रम्य गतयः सूक्ष्माश्चरत्यात्मा न संशयः ॥

indriyāṇāṃ tu sarveṣāṃ svasthāneṣveva sarvaśaḥ | ākramya gatayaḥ sūkṣmāścaratyātmā na saṃśayaḥ

Of all the senses, in their own places everywhere, the self, subtle in its movements, having spread over them, moves on; there is no doubt of it.

Verse 92 (12.307.92)

सत्वस्य च गुणान्कृत्स्नान्रजसश्च गुणान्पुनः । गुणांश्च तमसः सर्वान्गुणान्बुद्धेश्च भारत ॥

satvasya ca guṇānkṛtsnānrajasaśca guṇānpunaḥ | guṇāṃśca tamasaḥ sarvānguṇānbuddheśca bhārata

All the qualities of sattva, and again those of rajas, all the qualities of tamas, and those of intellect, O Bharata,

Note on the text: Corrected नजसश्च → रजसश्च (misprint in Wikisource; न for र; CE rajasaś ca).

Verse 93 (12.307.93)

गुणांश्च मनसश्चापि नभसश्च गुणांश्च सः । गुणान्वायोश्च धर्मात्मंस्तेजसां च गुणान्पुनः ॥

guṇāṃśca manasaścāpi nabhasaśca guṇāṃśca saḥ | guṇānvāyośca dharmātmaṃstejasāṃ ca guṇānpunaḥ

and the qualities of mind, and the qualities of space, and the qualities of wind, O righteous one, and again those of fire,

Verse 94 (12.307.94)

अपां गुणांस्तथा पार्थ पार्थिवांश्च गुणानपि । सर्वात्मना गुणैर्व्याप्तः क्षेत्रज्ञेषु युधिष्ठिर ॥

apāṃ guṇāṃstathā pārtha pārthivāṃśca guṇānapi | sarvātmanā guṇairvyāptaḥ kṣetrajñeṣu yudhiṣṭhira

the qualities of water, O Partha, and of earth as well. Wholly pervaded by the qualities among the knowers of the field, Yudhishthira —

Note on the text: Corrected पार्थिंवांश्च → पार्थिवांश्च (misprint in Wikisource; misplaced anusvāra; CE pārthivāṃś ca). Wikisource क्षेत्रज्ञेषु युधिष्ठिर (CE kṣetrajñaḥ sa yudhiṣṭhira) is a recension variant, kept.

Verse 95 (12.307.95)

आत्मा च याति क्षेत्रज्ञं कर्मणी च शुभाशुभे । शिष्या इव महात्मानमिन्द्रियाणि च तं प्रभो ॥

ātmā ca yāti kṣetrajñaṃ karmaṇī ca śubhāśubhe | śiṣyā iva mahātmānamindriyāṇi ca taṃ prabho

and the self goes to the knower of the field, together with its action, good and bad; and the senses follow him, O lord, like disciples their great teacher.

Verse 96 (12.307.96)

प्रकृतिं चाप्यतिक्रम्य गच्छत्यात्मानमव्ययम् । परं नारायणं देवं निर्द्वन्द्वं प्रकृतेः परम् ॥

prakṛtiṃ cāpyatikramya gacchatyātmānamavyayam | paraṃ nārāyaṇaṃ devaṃ nirdvandvaṃ prakṛteḥ param

Passing beyond even Nature, it goes to the imperishable Self, the Supreme, the god Narayana, free of the pairs, beyond Nature.

Verse 97 (12.307.97)

विमुक्तः सर्वपापेभ्यः प्रविष्टस्तमनामयम् । परमात्मानमगुणं न निवर्तति भारत ॥

vimuktaḥ sarvapāpebhyaḥ praviṣṭastamanāmayam | paramātmānamaguṇaṃ na nivartati bhārata

Freed from all sin, having entered him, the untroubled, the Supreme Self without qualities, it does not return, O Bharata.

Verse 98 (12.307.98)

शिष्टं तत्र मनस्तात इन्द्रियाणि च भारत । आगच्छन्ति यथाकालं गुरोः संदेशकारिणः ॥

śiṣṭaṃ tatra manastāta indriyāṇi ca bhārata | āgacchanti yathākālaṃ guroḥ saṃdeśakāriṇaḥ

What remains there is the mind, dear child, and the senses, O Bharata; they come in due time, like messengers carrying out a teacher's order.

Verse 99 (12.307.99)

शक्यं चाल्पेन कालेन शान्तिं प्राप्तुं गुणार्थिना । एवमुक्तेन कौन्तेय युक्तज्ञानेन मोक्षिणा ॥

śakyaṃ cālpena kālena śāntiṃ prāptuṃ guṇārthinā | evamuktena kaunteya yuktajñānena mokṣiṇā

By one who seeks the qualities, thus instructed, whose knowledge is disciplined and who seeks liberation, peace can be reached in a short time, O son of Kunti.

Verse 100 (12.307.100)

साङ्ख्या राजन्महाप्राज्ञा गच्छन्ति परमां गतिम् । ज्ञानेनानेन कौन्तेय तुल्यं ज्ञानं न विद्यते ॥

sāṅkhyā rājanmahāprājñā gacchanti paramāṃ gatim | jñānenānena kaunteya tulyaṃ jñānaṃ na vidyate

The Sankhyas, O king, of great wisdom, reach the supreme goal; there is no knowledge equal to this knowledge, O son of Kunti.

Verse 101 (12.307.101)

अत्र ते संशयो मा भूज्ज्ञानं सांख्यं परं मतम् । अक्षरं ध्रुवमव्यक्तं पूर्णं ब्रह्म सनातनम् ॥

atra te saṃśayo mā bhūjjñānaṃ sāṃkhyaṃ paraṃ matam | akṣaraṃ dhruvamavyaktaṃ pūrṇaṃ brahma sanātanam

Let you have no doubt in this: the knowledge of Sankhya is held to be supreme — the imperishable, the unchanging, the unmanifest, full Brahman, the eternal,

Verse 102 (12.307.102)

अनादिमध्यनिधनं निर्द्वन्द्वं कर्तृ शाश्वतम् । कूटस्थं चैव नित्यं च यद्वदन्ति शमात्मकाः ॥

anādimadhyanidhanaṃ nirdvandvaṃ kartṛ śāśvatam | kūṭasthaṃ caiva nityaṃ ca yadvadanti śamātmakāḥ

without beginning, middle or end, free of the pairs, the agent, everlasting, the unchanging and constant — that of which the tranquil speak,

Verse 103 (12.307.103)

यतः सर्वाः प्रवर्तन्ते सर्गप्रलयविक्रियाः । यच्च शंसन्ति शास्त्रेषु वदन्ति परमर्षयः ॥

yataḥ sarvāḥ pravartante sargapralayavikriyāḥ | yacca śaṃsanti śāstreṣu vadanti paramarṣayaḥ

from which all the changes of creation and dissolution proceed, which the scriptures proclaim and the great sages declare;

Verse 104 (12.307.104)

सर्वे विप्राश्च देवाश्च तथा शमविदो जनाः । ब्रह्मण्यं परमं देवमनन्तं परमच्युतम् ॥

sarve viprāśca devāśca tathā śamavido janāḥ | brahmaṇyaṃ paramaṃ devamanantaṃ paramacyutam

all brahmins and gods, and all people who know peace — the supreme God, friend of brahmins, the Infinite, the supreme Achyuta.

Verse 105 (12.307.105)

प्रार्थयन्तश्च तं विप्रा वदन्ति गुणबुद्धयः । सम्यग्युक्तास्तथा योगाः साङ्ख्याश्चामितदर्शनाः ॥

prārthayantaśca taṃ viprā vadanti guṇabuddhayaḥ | samyagyuktāstathā yogāḥ sāṅkhyāścāmitadarśanāḥ

Praying to him, the brahmins whose minds dwell on the qualities speak of him, as do the rightly disciplined yogis and the Sankhyas of limitless insight.

Verse 106 (12.307.106)

अमूर्तेस्तस्य कौन्तेय साङ्ख्यं मूर्तिरिति श्रुतिः । अभिज्ञानानि तस्याहुर्मतं हि भरतर्षभ ॥

amūrtestasya kaunteya sāṅkhyaṃ mūrtiriti śrutiḥ | abhijñānāni tasyāhurmataṃ hi bharatarṣabha

Of him who is without form, O son of Kunti, Sankhya is the form, so the scripture says; and they state the signs by which he is known, for such is the accepted view, O best of the Bharatas.

Verse 107 (12.307.107)

द्विविधानीह भूतानि पृथिव्यां पृथिवीपते । जङ्गमाजङ्गमाख्यानि जङ्गमं तु विशिष्यते ॥

dvividhānīha bhūtāni pṛthivyāṃ pṛthivīpate | jaṅgamājaṅgamākhyāni jaṅgamaṃ tu viśiṣyate

There are two kinds of beings here on earth, O lord of the earth, called moving and unmoving; of these the moving is the more excellent.

Verse 108 (12.307.108)

ज्ञानं महद्यद्धि महत्सु राज । न्वेदेषु साङ्ख्येषु तथैव योगे । यच्चापि दृष्टं विविधं पुराणे । साङ्ख्यागतं तन्निखिलं नरेन्द्र ॥

jñānaṃ mahadyaddhi mahatsu rāja | nvedeṣu sāṅkhyeṣu tathaiva yoge | yaccāpi dṛṣṭaṃ vividhaṃ purāṇe | sāṅkhyāgataṃ tannikhilaṃ narendra

The great knowledge that is great among the great, O king, in the Vedas, in the Sankhyas and likewise in Yoga, and whatever varied knowledge is seen in the Purana — all that has come into Sankhya, O lord of men.

Note on the text: Four-line verse, as on the page; lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.103a, lines 3-4 = CE 12.290.103c (each CE line prints two pādas). Cross-line sandhi (राज / न्वेदेषु) as printed.

Verse 109 (12.307.109)

यच्चेतिहासेषु महत्सु दृष्टं । यच्चार्थशास्त्रे नृप शिष्टजुष्टे । ज्ञानं च लोके यदिहास्ति किंचि । त्साङ्ख्यागतं तच्च महन्महात्मन् ॥

yaccetihāseṣu mahatsu dṛṣṭaṃ | yaccārthaśāstre nṛpa śiṣṭajuṣṭe | jñānaṃ ca loke yadihāsti kiṃci | tsāṅkhyāgataṃ tacca mahanmahātman

What is seen in the great Itihasas, what is found in the science of statecraft honoured by the learned, O king, and whatever knowledge there is in the world — all that has come into Sankhya, O great soul.

Note on the text: Four-line verse, as on the page; lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.104a, lines 3-4 = CE 12.290.104c (each CE line prints two pādas). Cross-line sandhi (किंचि / त्साङ्ख्यागतं) as printed.

Verse 110 (12.307.110)

शमश्च दृष्टः परमं बलं च । ज्ञानं च साङ्ख्यं च यथावदुक्तम् । तपांसि सूक्ष्माणि सुखानि चैव । साङ्ख्ये यथावद्विहितानि राजन् ॥

śamaśca dṛṣṭaḥ paramaṃ balaṃ ca | jñānaṃ ca sāṅkhyaṃ ca yathāvaduktam | tapāṃsi sūkṣmāṇi sukhāni caiva | sāṅkhye yathāvadvihitāni rājan

Peace is seen in it, and supreme strength; knowledge and Sankhya have been rightly taught; subtle austerities and pleasures too have been duly laid down in Sankhya, O king.

Note on the text: Four-line verse, as on the page; lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.105a, lines 3-4 = CE 12.290.105c (each CE line prints two pādas). Wikisource साङ्ख्यं च for CE sūkṣmaṃ ca is a recension variant, kept.

Verse 111 (12.307.111)

विपर्यये तस्य हि पार्थ देवा । न्गच्छन्ति साङ्ख्याः सततं सुखेन । तांश्चानुसंचार्य ततः कृतार्थाः । पतन्ति विप्रेषु यतेषु भूयः ॥

viparyaye tasya hi pārtha devā | ngacchanti sāṅkhyāḥ satataṃ sukhena | tāṃścānusaṃcārya tataḥ kṛtārthāḥ | patanti vipreṣu yateṣu bhūyaḥ

When it goes awry in them, O Partha, the Sankhyas go to the gods with ease and constantly; and having moved among them, their purpose fulfilled, they descend again among self-controlled brahmins.

Note on the text: Four-line verse, as on the page; lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.106a, lines 3-4 = CE 12.290.106c (each CE line prints two pādas). Cross-line sandhi (देवा / न्गच्छन्ति) as printed.

Verse 112 (12.307.112)

हित्वा च देहं प्रविशन्ति मोक्षं । दिवौकसो द्यामिव पार्थ साङ्ख्याः । अतोऽधिकं तेऽभिरता महार्थे । साङ्ख्ये द्विजाः पार्थिव शिष्टजुष्टे ॥

hitvā ca dehaṃ praviśanti mokṣaṃ | divaukaso dyāmiva pārtha sāṅkhyāḥ | ato'dhikaṃ te'bhiratā mahārthe | sāṅkhye dvijāḥ pārthiva śiṣṭajuṣṭe

Casting off the body, the Sankhyas enter liberation, as the dwellers in heaven enter heaven, O Partha. More than all else those brahmins delight in this great goal, in Sankhya honoured by the learned, O king.

Note on the text: Four-line verse, as on the page; lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.107a, lines 3-4 = CE 12.290.107c (each CE line prints two pādas). Wikisource अतोऽधिकं तेऽभिरता महार्थे (CE tato 'dhikaṃ te 'bhiratā mahārhe) is a recension variant, kept.

Verse 113 (12.307.113)

तेषां न तिर्यग्गमनं हि दृष्टं । नार्वाग्गतिः पापकृताधिवासः । न चाबुधानामपि ते द्विजातयो । ये ज्ञानमेतन्नृपतेऽनुरक्ताः ॥

teṣāṃ na tiryaggamanaṃ hi dṛṣṭaṃ | nārvāggatiḥ pāpakṛtādhivāsaḥ | na cābudhānāmapi te dvijātayo | ye jñānametannṛpate'nuraktāḥ

For them no birth among animals is seen, no lower course, no dwelling among sinners; nor, O king, are those twice-born who are devoted to this knowledge found even among the unlearned.

Note on the text: Corrected च चाबुधानामपि → न चाबुधानामपि (misprint in Wikisource; च for न at the start of the line; CE na cābudhānām api). Four-line verse, as on the page; lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.108a, lines 3-4 = CE 12.290.108c (each CE line prints two pādas). Wikisource पापकृताधिवासः (CE pāpakṛtāṃ nivāsaḥ) is a recension variant, kept.

Verse 114 (12.307.114)

साङ्ख्यं विशालं परमं पुराणं । महार्णवं विमलमुदाहरन्ति । कृत्स्नं च साङ्ख्यं नृपते महात्मा । नारायणो धारयतेऽप्रमेयम् ॥

sāṅkhyaṃ viśālaṃ paramaṃ purāṇaṃ | mahārṇavaṃ vimalamudāharanti | kṛtsnaṃ ca sāṅkhyaṃ nṛpate mahātmā | nārāyaṇo dhārayate'prameyam

They call Sankhya vast, supreme and ancient, a stainless great ocean; and the whole of Sankhya, O king, the great-souled Narayana bears, immeasurable.

Note on the text: Four-line verse, as on the page; lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.109a, lines 3-4 = CE 12.290.109c (each CE line prints two pādas). Wikisource महार्णवं विमलमुदाहरन्ति (CE mahārṇavaṃ vimalam udārakāntam) and साङ्ख्यं (CE sāṃkhyam) are recension variants, kept.

Verse 115 (12.307.115)

एतन्मयोक्तं नरदेव तत्त्वं । नारायणो विश्वमिदं पुराणम् । स सर्गकाले च करोति सर्गं । संहारकाले च तदत्ति भूयः ॥

etanmayoktaṃ naradeva tattvaṃ | nārāyaṇo viśvamidaṃ purāṇam | sa sargakāle ca karoti sargaṃ | saṃhārakāle ca tadatti bhūyaḥ

This truth I have told you, O king; Narayana is this ancient universe. At the time of creation he creates the creation, and at the time of dissolution he devours it again.

Note on the text: Four-line verse, as on the page; lines 1-2 = CE 12.290.110a, lines 3-4 = CE 12.290.110c (each CE line prints two pādas).

Verse 116 (12.307.116)

संहृत्य सर्वं निजदेहसंस्थं । कृत्वाऽप्सु शेते जगदन्तरात्मा ॥

saṃhṛtya sarvaṃ nijadehasaṃsthaṃ | kṛtvā'psu śete jagadantarātmā

Having withdrawn everything into his own body, the inner Self of the world lies down upon the waters.

Note on the text: Two-line verse, as on the page (labelled 12-307-116a/b). Not auto-matched: it is the CE star passage 12.290.110d*0751_01-02 (saṃhṛtya sarvaṃ nijadehasaṃstham / kṛtvāpsu śete jagadantarātmā), printed in the CE after 12.290.110. The page ends here, with its colophon.