Brihaspati Teaches King Vasumanas

Verse 1 (12.67.1)

किमाहुर्दैवतं विप्रा राजानं भरतर्षभ । मनुष्याणामधिपतिं तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥

kimāhurdaivataṃ viprā rājānaṃ bharatarṣabha | manuṣyāṇāmadhipatiṃ tanme brūhi pitāmaha

O best of the Bharatas, what deity do the brahmins say the king is, the lord of men? Tell me that, grandfather.

Verse 2 (12.67.2)

अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् । बृहस्पतिं वसुमना यथा पप्रच्छ भारत ॥

atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṃ purātanam | bṛhaspatiṃ vasumanā yathā papraccha bhārata

On this they recall an ancient tale: how Vasumanas questioned Brihaspati, O Bharata.

Verse 3 (12.67.3)

राजा वसुमना नाम कौसल्यो धीमतां वरः । महर्षि किल पप्रच्छ कृतप्रज्ञं बृहस्पतिम् ॥

rājā vasumanā nāma kausalyo dhīmatāṃ varaḥ | maharṣi kila papraccha kṛtaprajñaṃ bṛhaspatim

There was a king named Vasumanas, a Kosalan, best of the wise. They say he questioned the great sage Brihaspati, a man of settled wisdom.

Verse 4 (12.67.4)

सर्वं वैनयिकं कृत्वा विनयज्ञो बृहस्पतिम् । दक्षिणानन्तरो भूत्वा प्रणम्य विधिपूर्वकम् ॥

sarvaṃ vainayikaṃ kṛtvā vinayajño bṛhaspatim | dakṣiṇānantaro bhūtvā praṇamya vidhipūrvakam

Having paid Brihaspati every courtesy, skilled in humility, he placed himself close beside him on the right and bowed in the prescribed manner.

Verse 5 (12.67.5)

विधिं पप्रच्छ राज्यस्य सर्वलोकहिते रतः । प्रजानां सुखमन्विच्छन्धर्मशीलं बृहस्पतिम् ॥

vidhiṃ papraccha rājyasya sarvalokahite rataḥ | prajānāṃ sukhamanvicchandharmaśīlaṃ bṛhaspatim

Intent on the good of all beings, and wishing happiness for his people, he asked Brihaspati, who was devoted to dharma, about the right ordering of a kingdom.

Note on the text: Corrected राजस्य → राज्यस्य (misprint in Wikisource; dropped conjunct, राजस्य is not the word intended; CE 12.68.5a has rājyasya). Line 2 differs from CE 12.68.5c (prajānāṃ hitam anvicchan dharmamūlaṃ viśāṃ pate) and is kept as the page's reading.

Verse 6 (12.67.6)

केन भूतानि वर्धन्ते क्षयं गच्छन्ति केन वा । कमर्चन्तो महाप्राज्ञ सुखमव्ययमाप्नुयुः । एतन्मे शंस देवर्षे धर्मकामार्थसंशयम् ॥

kena bhūtāni vardhante kṣayaṃ gacchanti kena vā | kamarcanto mahāprājña sukhamavyayamāpnuyuḥ | etanme śaṃsa devarṣe dharmakāmārthasaṃśayam

By what do beings flourish, and by what do they decline? Whom should they worship, O greatly wise one, to gain lasting happiness? Tell me this, divine sage, this doubt of mine about dharma, desire and wealth.

Note on the text: Removed the stray backtick and quote mark Wikisource prints around line 3. Three-line verse, as on the page (labelled 12-67-6a/b/c): lines 1-2 = CE 12.68.6 (not matched by the alignment); line 3 is the CE star line 12.68.6d*0154_01 (etan me śaṃsa devarṣe dharmakāmārthasaṃśayam), not in the CE's constituted text. Speaker: the page prints no heading; this is the king Vasumanas's question, so it is given to him (the input had भीष्म).

Verse 7 (12.67.7)

एवं पृष्टो महाप्राज्ञः कौसल्येनामितौजसा । राजसत्कारमव्यग्रो राज्यस्य च विवर्धनम् । दण्डनीतिं समाश्रित्य शशंसास्मै बृहस्पतिः ॥

evaṃ pṛṣṭo mahāprājñaḥ kausalyenāmitaujasā | rājasatkāramavyagro rājyasya ca vivardhanam | daṇḍanītiṃ samāśritya śaśaṃsāsmai bṛhaspatiḥ

Questioned in this way by the Kosalan of boundless might, the greatly wise Brihaspati, unperturbed, explained to him the honouring of the king and the growth of the kingdom, resting on the science of the rod of government.

Note on the text: Three-line verse, as on the page (labelled 12-67-7a/b/c). Not matched by the alignment: line 1 is a variant of CE 12.68.7a (iti pṛṣṭo mahārājñā kausalyenāmitaujasā); line 2 = CE 12.68.7c (rājasatkāram avyagraḥ) with the CE star fragment 12.68.7c*0155_01 (rājyasya ca vivecanam; Wikisource विवर्धनम्); line 3 = the CE star line 12.68.7c*0155_02 (daṇḍanītiṃ samāśritya) and CE 12.68.7d (śaśaṃsāsmai bṛhaspatiḥ).

Verse 8 (12.67.8)

राजमूलो महाप्राज्ञ धर्मो लोकस्य लक्ष्यते । प्रजा राजभयादेव न खादन्ति परस्परम् ॥

rājamūlo mahāprājña dharmo lokasya lakṣyate | prajā rājabhayādeva na khādanti parasparam

The root of the world's dharma is seen to be the king, O greatly wise one. It is from fear of the king alone that people do not devour one another.

Note on the text: Speaker: the page prints no heading between Bhishma's narration (verse 7) and its next heading at verse 62; verses 8-61 are Brihaspati's teaching to Vasumanas (the verse addresses him as महाप्राज्ञ), so they are given to Brihaspati; the input had भीष्म throughout. Wikisource महाप्राज्ञ against CE mahārāja.

Verse 9 (12.67.9)

राजा ह्येवाखिलं लोकं समुदीर्णं समुत्सुकम् । प्रसादयति धर्मेण प्रसाद्य च विराजते ॥

rājā hyevākhilaṃ lokaṃ samudīrṇaṃ samutsukam | prasādayati dharmeṇa prasādya ca virājate

For the king, by dharma, calms the whole world when it is aroused and restless, and having calmed it he shines.

Verse 10 (12.67.10)

यथा ह्यनुदये राजन्भूतानि शशिसूर्ययोः । अन्धे तमसि मज्जेयुरपश्यन्तः परस्परम् ॥

yathā hyanudaye rājanbhūtāni śaśisūryayoḥ | andhe tamasi majjeyurapaśyantaḥ parasparam

As, O king, when the sun and moon had not risen, creatures would sink into blind darkness, unable to see one another,

Verse 11 (12.67.11)

यथा ह्यनुदके मत्स्या निराक्रन्दे विहङ्गमाः । विहरेयुर्यथाकामं विहिंसन्तः पुनः पुनः ॥

yathā hyanudake matsyā nirākrande vihaṅgamāḥ | vihareyuryathākāmaṃ vihiṃsantaḥ punaḥ punaḥ

as fish in shallow water and birds where no cry of alarm is heard would roam as they pleased, harming one another again and again,

Verse 12 (12.67.12)

विमथ्यातिक्रमेरंश्च विषह्यापि परस्परम् । अभावमचिरेणैव गच्छेयुर्नात्र संशयः ॥

vimathyātikrameraṃśca viṣahyāpi parasparam | abhāvamacireṇaiva gaccheyurnātra saṃśayaḥ

crushing and overpowering each other by force, and would soon come to nothing, there is no doubt of it,

Verse 13 (12.67.13)

एवमेव विना राज्ञा विनश्येयुरिमाः प्रजाः । अन्धे तमसि मज्जेयुरगोपाः पशवो यथा ॥

evameva vinā rājñā vinaśyeyurimāḥ prajāḥ | andhe tamasi majjeyuragopāḥ paśavo yathā

so too these peoples, without a king, would perish. They would sink into blind darkness like cattle with no herdsman.

Verse 14 (12.67.14)

हरेयुर्बलवन्तोऽपि दुर्बलानां परिग्रहान् । हन्युर्व्यायच्छमानांश्च यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥

hareyurbalavanto'pi durbalānāṃ parigrahān | hanyurvyāyacchamānāṃśca yadi rājā na pālayet

Men of strength would seize the possessions of the weak and kill those who struggled to keep them, if the king did not protect.

Verse 15 (12.67.15)

ममेदमिति लोकेऽस्मिन्न भवेत्स्वपरिग्रहः । न दारा न च पुत्रः स्यान्न धनं न परिग्रहः । विष्वग्लोपः प्रवर्तेत यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥

mamedamiti loke'sminna bhavetsvaparigrahaḥ | na dārā na ca putraḥ syānna dhanaṃ na parigrahaḥ | viṣvaglopaḥ pravarteta yadi rājā na pālayet

In this world there would be no "this is mine", no private possession; no wife, no son, no wealth, no property; everywhere there would be plunder, if the king did not protect.

Note on the text: Three-line verse, as on the page (labelled 12-67-15a/b/c). Not matched by the alignment: line 1 is a variant of CE 12.68.16a (mamedam iti loke 'smin na bhavet saṃparigrahaḥ; Wikisource स्वपरिग्रहः); line 2 is the CE star line 12.68.16b*0156_01 (na dārā na ca putraḥ syān na dhanaṃ na parigrahaḥ); line 3 = CE 12.68.16c.

Verse 16 (12.67.16)

यानं वस्त्रमलङ्कारान्रत्नानि विविधानि च । हरेयुः सहसा पापा यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥

yānaṃ vastramalaṅkārānratnāni vividhāni ca | hareyuḥ sahasā pāpā yadi rājā na pālayet

Vehicles, clothes, ornaments and jewels of every kind the wicked would seize at once, if the king did not protect.

Verse 17 (12.67.17)

पतेद्बहुविधं शस्त्रं बहुधा धर्मचारिषु । अधर्मः प्रगृहीतः स्याद्यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥

patedbahuvidhaṃ śastraṃ bahudhā dharmacāriṣu | adharmaḥ pragṛhītaḥ syādyadi rājā na pālayet

Weapons of many kinds would fall in many ways upon the righteous, and unrighteousness would be embraced, if the king did not protect.

Verse 18 (12.67.18)

मातरं पितरं वृद्धमाचार्यमतिथिं गुरुम् । क्लिश्नीयुरपि हिंस्युर्वा यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥

mātaraṃ pitaraṃ vṛddhamācāryamatithiṃ gurum | kliśnīyurapi hiṃsyurvā yadi rājā na pālayet

Mother, father, the aged, the teacher, the guest, the elder: they would be tormented or even killed, if the king did not protect.

Verse 19 (12.67.19)

अन्यांश्च क्रोशतो हिंस्युर्लोकोऽयं दस्युवद्भवेत् । वधबन्धपरिक्लेशो नित्यमर्थवतां भवेत् । ममत्वं च न विन्देयुर्यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥

anyāṃśca krośato hiṃsyurloko'yaṃ dasyuvadbhavet | vadhabandhaparikleśo nityamarthavatāṃ bhavet | mamatvaṃ ca na vindeyuryadi rājā na pālayet

They would kill others too as they cried out for help, and this world would become like a land of bandits. Killing, bondage and torment would always fall upon the wealthy, and men would have no sense of ownership, if the king did not protect.

Note on the text: Removed the stray backtick and quote mark Wikisource prints around line 1. Three-line verse, as on the page (labelled 12-67-19a/b/c). Line 1 (अन्यांश्च क्रोशतो हिंस्युर्लोकोऽयं दस्युवद्भवेत्; the page's note gives अन्धाश्च क्रोशत as another reading) is in neither the CE text nor its star passages (vulgate only). Lines 2-3 = CE 12.68.19 (vadhabandhaparikleśo nityam arthavatāṃ bhavet / mamatvaṃ ca na vindeyur yadi rājā na pālayet). Not matched by the alignment.

Verse 20 (12.67.20)

अन्ताश्चाकाल एव स्युर्लोकोऽयं दस्युसाद्भवेत् । पतेद्बहुविधं राज्यं यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥

antāścākāla eva syurloko'yaṃ dasyusādbhavet | patedbahuvidhaṃ rājyaṃ yadi rājā na pālayet

Lives would end before their time, this world would fall into the hands of bandits, and the realm would collapse in many ways, if the king did not protect.

Verse 21 (12.67.21)

न योनिदोषो वर्तेत न कृषिर्न वणिक्पथः । मज्जेद्धर्मस्त्रयी न स्याद्यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥

na yonidoṣo varteta na kṛṣirna vaṇikpathaḥ | majjeddharmastrayī na syādyadi rājā na pālayet

Adultery would go uncensured, there would be no farming and no roads for trade; dharma would sink and the three Vedas would vanish, if the king did not protect.

Verse 22 (12.67.22)

न यज्ञाः संप्रवर्तेयुर्विधिवत्स्वाप्तदक्षिणाः । न विवाहाः समाजो वा यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥

na yajñāḥ saṃpravarteyurvidhivatsvāptadakṣiṇāḥ | na vivāhāḥ samājo vā yadi rājā na pālayet

Sacrifices with their proper fees would not go on in due form, and there would be no marriages or gatherings, if the king did not protect.

Verse 23 (12.67.23)

न वृषाः संप्रवर्तेरन्न मथ्येरंश्च गर्गराः । घोषाः प्रणाशं गच्छेयुर्यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥

na vṛṣāḥ saṃpravarteranna mathyeraṃśca gargarāḥ | ghoṣāḥ praṇāśaṃ gaccheyuryadi rājā na pālayet

Bulls would not cover cows, churns would not be churned, and the cowherd settlements would be destroyed, if the king did not protect.

Verse 24 (12.67.24)

त्रस्तमुद्विग्नहृदयं हाहाभूतमचेतनम् । क्षणेन विनशेत्सर्वं यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥

trastamudvignahṛdayaṃ hāhābhūtamacetanam | kṣaṇena vinaśetsarvaṃ yadi rājā na pālayet

Everything, terrified, with agitated hearts, crying "Alas!", bereft of sense, would perish in a moment, if the king did not protect.

Verse 25 (12.67.25)

न संवत्सरसत्राणि तिष्ठेयुरकुतोभयाः । विधिवद्दक्षिणावन्ति यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥

na saṃvatsarasatrāṇi tiṣṭheyurakutobhayāḥ | vidhivaddakṣiṇāvanti yadi rājā na pālayet

Year-long sacrificial sessions with their proper fees could not go on free from fear, if the king did not protect.

Verse 26 (12.67.26)

ब्राह्मणाश्चतुरो वेदान्नाधीयीरंस्तपस्विनः । विद्यास्नाता व्रतस्नाता यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥

brāhmaṇāścaturo vedānnādhīyīraṃstapasvinaḥ | vidyāsnātā vratasnātā yadi rājā na pālayet

Brahmins, ascetics bathed in learning and in vows, would not study the four Vedas, if the king did not protect.

Verse 27 (12.67.27)

न भवेद्धर्मसंसेवी मोहविप्रहतो जनः । हर्ता स्वेच्छेन्द्रियो गच्छेद्यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥

na bhaveddharmasaṃsevī mohaviprahato janaḥ | hartā svecchendriyo gacchedyadi rājā na pālayet

Men struck down by delusion would not take to dharma, and the plunderer would go about as his senses pleased, if the king did not protect.

Note on the text: Corrected स्वच्छेन्द्रियो → स्वेच्छेन्द्रियो (misprint in Wikisource; dropped vowel sign, स्वच्छ makes no sense here; CE 12.68.28 has svecchendriyo). Wikisource has this verse before the one CE places at 12.68.27, and reads न भवेद्धर्मसंसेवी मोहविप्रहतो जनः / हर्ता against CE na labhed dharmasaṃśleṣaṃ hataviprahato janaḥ / kartā, a recension variant.

Verse 28 (12.67.28)

हस्ताद्धस्तं परिमुषेद्भिद्येरन्सर्वसेतवः । भयार्तं विद्रवेत्सर्वं यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥

hastāddhastaṃ parimuṣedbhidyeransarvasetavaḥ | bhayārtaṃ vidravetsarvaṃ yadi rājā na pālayet

Hand would rob hand, all the boundaries and bridges would break, and everyone would flee in terror, if the king did not protect.

Verse 29 (12.67.29)

अनयाः संप्रवर्तेरन्भवेद्वै वर्णसङ्करः । दुर्भिक्षमाविशेद्राष्ट्रं यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥

anayāḥ saṃpravarteranbhavedvai varṇasaṅkaraḥ | durbhikṣamāviśedrāṣṭraṃ yadi rājā na pālayet

Wrongdoing would spread, confusion of the castes would arise, and famine would enter the kingdom, if the king did not protect.

Note on the text: Corrected संप्रवपर्तेरन् → संप्रवर्तेरन् (misprint in Wikisource; stray प inserted; CE has saṃpravarteran).

Verse 30 (12.67.30)

विवृत्य हि यथाकामं गृहद्वाराणि शेरते । मनुष्या रक्षिता राज्ञा समन्तादकुतोभयाः ॥

vivṛtya hi yathākāmaṃ gṛhadvārāṇi śerate | manuṣyā rakṣitā rājñā samantādakutobhayāḥ

But men protected by the king sleep as they wish with the doors of their houses flung wide, free from fear on every side.

Verse 31 (12.67.31)

नाक्रुष्टं सहते कश्चित्कुतो वा हस्तलाघवम् । यदि राजा न सम्यग्गां रक्षयत्यपि धार्मिकः ॥

nākruṣṭaṃ sahate kaścitkuto vā hastalāghavam | yadi rājā na samyaggāṃ rakṣayatyapi dhārmikaḥ

No one tolerates abuse, much less a blow of the hand, unless the king, though a righteous man, fails to protect the earth properly.

Note on the text: Not matched by the alignment: line 1 = CE 12.68.31a (nākruṣṭaṃ sahate kaś cit kuto hastasya laṅghanam); line 2 is a variant of CE 12.68.31c (yadi rājā manuṣyeṣu trātā bhavati dhārmikaḥ; Wikisource यदि राजा न सम्यग्गां रक्षयत्यपि धार्मिकः), kept as the page's reading.

Verse 32 (12.67.32)

स्त्रियश्चापुरुषा मार्गं सर्वालङ्कारभूषिताः । निर्भयाः प्रतिपद्यन्ते यदि रक्षति भूमिपः ॥

striyaścāpuruṣā mārgaṃ sarvālaṅkārabhūṣitāḥ | nirbhayāḥ pratipadyante yadi rakṣati bhūmipaḥ

Women, with no man to escort them, adorned with every ornament, go along the road without fear when the king protects.

Verse 33 (12.67.33)

धर्ममेव प्रपद्यन्ते न हिंसन्ति परस्परम् । अनुगृह्णन्ति चान्योन्यं यदा रक्षति भूमिपः ॥

dharmameva prapadyante na hiṃsanti parasparam | anugṛhṇanti cānyonyaṃ yadā rakṣati bhūmipaḥ

They keep to dharma, they do not harm one another, and they help one another, when the king protects.

Verse 34 (12.67.34)

यजन्ते च महायज्ञैस्त्रयो वर्णाः पृथग्विधैः । युक्ताश्चाधीयते विद्यां यदा रक्षति भूमिपः ॥

yajante ca mahāyajñaistrayo varṇāḥ pṛthagvidhaiḥ | yuktāścādhīyate vidyāṃ yadā rakṣati bhūmipaḥ

The three castes perform sacrifices, great sacrifices of many kinds, and diligently study learning, when the king protects.

Note on the text: Not matched by the alignment: = CE 12.68.34 (yajante ca trayo varṇā mahāyajñaiḥ pṛthagvidhaiḥ / yuktāś cādhīyate śāstraṃ yadā rakṣati bhūmipaḥ); Wikisource विद्यां for śāstraṃ.

Verse 35 (12.67.35)

वार्तामूलो ह्ययं लोकस्तया वै धार्यते सदा । तत्सर्वं वर्तते सम्यग्यदा रक्षति भूमिपः ॥

vārtāmūlo hyayaṃ lokastayā vai dhāryate sadā | tatsarvaṃ vartate samyagyadā rakṣati bhūmipaḥ

This world is rooted in livelihood and is sustained by it always; all of that goes on rightly when the king protects.

Verse 36 (12.67.36)

यदा राजा धुरं श्रेष्ठामादाय वहति प्रजाः । महता बलयोगेन तदा लोकः प्रसीदति ॥

yadā rājā dhuraṃ śreṣṭhāmādāya vahati prajāḥ | mahatā balayogena tadā lokaḥ prasīdati

When the king takes up the best burden and bears his people with great strength of effort, then the world is at peace.

Note on the text: Corrected प्रसीदयि → प्रसीदति (misprint in Wikisource; wrong final syllable; CE has prasīdati).

Verse 37 (12.67.37)

यस्याभावेन भूतानामभावः स्यात्समन्ततः । भावे च भावो नित्यं स्यात्कस्तं न प्रतिपूजयेत् ॥

yasyābhāvena bhūtānāmabhāvaḥ syātsamantataḥ | bhāve ca bhāvo nityaṃ syātkastaṃ na pratipūjayet

He in whose absence creatures would cease to be on every side, and in whose presence they continue to be always: who would not honour him?

Verse 38 (12.67.38)

तस्य यो वहते भारं सर्वलोकसुखावहम् । तिष्ठन्प्रियहिते राज्ञ उभौ लोकाविमौ जयेत् ॥

tasya yo vahate bhāraṃ sarvalokasukhāvaham | tiṣṭhanpriyahite rājña ubhau lokāvimau jayet

One who helps bear his burden, which brings happiness to all the worlds, and who stands by what is dear and good for the king, would win both these worlds.

Verse 39 (12.67.39)

यस्तस्य पुरुषः पापं मनसाऽप्यनुचिन्तयेत् । असंशयमिह क्लिष्टः प्रेत्यापि नरकं व्रजेत् ॥

yastasya puruṣaḥ pāpaṃ manasā'pyanucintayet | asaṃśayamiha kliṣṭaḥ pretyāpi narakaṃ vrajet

The man who even in thought plans evil against him is surely afflicted here and goes to hell after death.

Verse 40 (12.67.40)

न हि जात्ववमन्तव्यो मनुष्य इति भूमिपः । महती देवता ह्येषा नररूपेण तिष्ठति ॥

na hi jātvavamantavyo manuṣya iti bhūmipaḥ | mahatī devatā hyeṣā nararūpeṇa tiṣṭhati

A king must never be despised as "only a man"; he is a great deity standing in human form.

Verse 41 (12.67.41)

कुरुते पञ्चरूपाणि कालयुक्तानि यः सदा । भवत्यग्निस्तथाऽऽदित्यो मृत्युर्वैश्रवणो यमः ॥

kurute pañcarūpāṇi kālayuktāni yaḥ sadā | bhavatyagnistathā''dityo mṛtyurvaiśravaṇo yamaḥ

He takes five forms, each in its own time: he becomes Agni, the sun, Death, Vaishravana and Yama.

Verse 42 (12.67.42)

यदा ह्यासीदतः पापान्दहत्युग्रेण तेजसा । मिथ्योपचरितो राजा तदा भवति पावकः ॥

yadā hyāsīdataḥ pāpāndahatyugreṇa tejasā | mithyopacarito rājā tadā bhavati pāvakaḥ

When he burns up the wicked who come near him with his fierce splendour, the king, wrongly served, becomes fire.

Verse 43 (12.67.43)

यदा पश्यति चारेण सर्वभूतानि भूमिपः । क्षेमं च कृत्वा व्रजति तदा भवति भास्करः ॥

yadā paśyati cāreṇa sarvabhūtāni bhūmipaḥ | kṣemaṃ ca kṛtvā vrajati tadā bhavati bhāskaraḥ

When through his spies he watches all creatures and goes on his way after doing them good, he becomes the sun.

Verse 44 (12.67.44)

अशुचींश्च यदा क्रुद्धः क्षिणोति शतशो नरान् । सपुत्रपौत्रान्सामात्यांस्तदा भवति सोऽन्तकः ॥

aśucīṃśca yadā kruddhaḥ kṣiṇoti śataśo narān | saputrapautrānsāmātyāṃstadā bhavati so'ntakaḥ

When in anger he destroys hundreds of impure men, together with their sons, grandsons and ministers, then he is the Ender.

Note on the text: Corrected सोन्तकः → सोऽन्तकः (missing avagraha in Wikisource; CE so 'ntakaḥ).

Verse 45 (12.67.45)

यदा त्वधार्मिकान्सर्वांस्तीक्ष्णैर्दण्डैर्नियच्छति । धार्मिकांश्चानुगृह्णाति भवत्यथ यमस्तदा ॥

yadā tvadhārmikānsarvāṃstīkṣṇairdaṇḍairniyacchati | dhārmikāṃścānugṛhṇāti bhavatyatha yamastadā

When he restrains all the unrighteous with sharp punishments and favours the righteous, then he becomes Yama.

Note on the text: Removed a stray zero-width joiner (U+200D) inside दण्‍डैः.

Verse 46 (12.67.46)

यदा तु धनधाराभिस्तर्पयत्युपकारिणः । आच्छिनत्ति च रत्नानि विविधान्यपकारिणां ॥

yadā tu dhanadhārābhistarpayatyupakāriṇaḥ | ācchinatti ca ratnāni vividhānyapakāriṇāṃ

When he satisfies those who have served him with showers of wealth, and takes away the many jewels of those who have wronged him,

Verse 47 (12.67.47)

श्रियं ददाति कस्मैचित्कस्माच्चिदपकर्षति । तदा वैश्रवणो राजा लोके भवति भूमिपः ॥

śriyaṃ dadāti kasmaicitkasmāccidapakarṣati | tadā vaiśravaṇo rājā loke bhavati bhūmipaḥ

giving fortune to one and taking it from another, then the king becomes Vaishravana in the world.

Verse 48 (12.67.48)

नास्यापवादे स्थातव्यं दक्षेणाक्लिष्टकर्मणा । धर्ममाकाङ्क्षता लोके ईश्वरस्यानसूयता ॥

nāsyāpavāde sthātavyaṃ dakṣeṇākliṣṭakarmaṇā | dharmamākāṅkṣatā loke īśvarasyānasūyatā

A capable man of untroubled conduct, who wishes for dharma in the world, should not stand against the king's censure, and should not resent his lord.

Verse 49 (12.67.49)

न हि राज्ञः प्रतीपानि कुर्वन्सुखमवाप्नुयात् । पुत्रो भ्राता वयस्यो वा यद्यप्यात्मसमो भवेत् ॥

na hi rājñaḥ pratīpāni kurvansukhamavāpnuyāt | putro bhrātā vayasyo vā yadyapyātmasamo bhavet

No one who acts against the king can win happiness, even if he is a son, a brother or a friend, even one dear as himself.

Verse 50 (12.67.50)

कुर्यात्कृष्णगतिः शेषं ज्वलितोऽनिलसारथिः । न तु राज्ञाऽभिपन्नस्य शेषं क्वचन विद्यते ॥

kuryātkṛṣṇagatiḥ śeṣaṃ jvalito'nilasārathiḥ | na tu rājñā'bhipannasya śeṣaṃ kvacana vidyate

A blazing fire, the black-pathed one with the wind for its charioteer, may leave something over; but for one whom the king has overtaken nothing remains anywhere.

Verse 51 (12.67.51)

तस्य सर्वाणि रक्ष्याणि दूरतः परिवर्जयेत् । मृत्योरिव जुगुप्सेत राजस्वहरणान्नरः ॥

tasya sarvāṇi rakṣyāṇi dūrataḥ parivarjayet | mṛtyoriva jugupseta rājasvaharaṇānnaraḥ

One should keep far away from everything the king guards. A man should shrink from taking the king's property as from death.

Verse 52 (12.67.52)

वध्येताभिमृशन्सद्यो मृगः कूटमिव स्पृशन् । आत्मस्वमिव संरक्षेद्राजस्वमिह बुद्धिमान् ॥

vadhyetābhimṛśansadyo mṛgaḥ kūṭamiva spṛśan | ātmasvamiva saṃrakṣedrājasvamiha buddhimān

One who lays hands on it is killed at once, like a deer touching a snare. A wise man should guard the king's property here as his own.

Note on the text: Corrected वध्येतभिमृशन् → वध्येताभिमृशन् (misprint in Wikisource; dropped long आ in the sandhi वध्येत + अभिमृशन्; the CE has naśyed abhimṛśan, a variant of the verb, and Wikisource वध्येत is kept).

Verse 53 (12.67.53)

महान्तं नरकं घोरमप्रतिष्ठमचेतसः । पतन्ति चिररात्राय राजवित्तापहारिणः ॥

mahāntaṃ narakaṃ ghoramapratiṣṭhamacetasaḥ | patanti cirarātrāya rājavittāpahāriṇaḥ

Fools who steal the king's wealth fall for a long night into a great and dreadful hell that has no foothold.

Verse 54 (12.67.54)

राजा भोजो विराट् सम्राट् क्षत्रियो भूपतिर्नृपः । य एभिः स्तूयते शब्दैः कस्तं नार्चितुमर्हति ॥

rājā bhojo virāṭ samrāṭ kṣatriyo bhūpatirnṛpaḥ | ya ebhiḥ stūyate śabdaiḥ kastaṃ nārcitumarhati

Rajan, Bhoja, Virat, Samrat, Kshatriya, Bhupati, Nripa: who is there who would not worship one who is praised with these names?

Verse 55 (12.67.55)

तस्माद्बुभूषुर्नियतो जितात्मा संयतेन्द्रियः । मेधावी धृतिमान्दक्षः संश्रयेत् महीपतिम् ॥

tasmādbubhūṣurniyato jitātmā saṃyatendriyaḥ | medhāvī dhṛtimāndakṣaḥ saṃśrayet mahīpatim

Therefore a man who wishes to prosper, self-controlled, master of his mind and senses, intelligent, steadfast and capable, should attach himself to the king.

Verse 56 (12.67.56)

कृतज्ञं प्राज्ञमक्षुद्रं दृढभक्तिं जितेन्द्रियम् । धर्मनित्यं स्थितं स्थाने मन्त्रिणं पूजयेन्नृपः ॥

kṛtajñaṃ prājñamakṣudraṃ dṛḍhabhaktiṃ jitendriyam | dharmanityaṃ sthitaṃ sthāne mantriṇaṃ pūjayennṛpaḥ

A king should honour a minister who is grateful, wise, magnanimous, firm in devotion, master of his senses, ever devoted to dharma and steady in his place.

Verse 57 (12.67.57)

दृढभक्तिं कृतप्रज्ञं धर्मज्ञं संयतेन्द्रियम् । शूरमक्षुद्रकर्माणं प्रसिद्धं जनमाश्रयेत् ॥

dṛḍhabhaktiṃ kṛtaprajñaṃ dharmajñaṃ saṃyatendriyam | śūramakṣudrakarmāṇaṃ prasiddhaṃ janamāśrayet

He should rely on a man who is firm in devotion, of settled judgment, who knows dharma and restrains his senses, who is brave, noble in his deeds and well known.

Verse 58 (12.67.58)

राजा प्रगल्भं पुरुषं करोति । राजा भृशं बृंहयते मनुष्यम् । राजाभिपन्नस्य कुतः सुखानि । राजाऽभ्युपेतं सुखिनं करोति ॥

rājā pragalbhaṃ puruṣaṃ karoti | rājā bhṛśaṃ bṛṃhayate manuṣyam | rājābhipannasya kutaḥ sukhāni | rājā'bhyupetaṃ sukhinaṃ karoti

The king makes a man bold; the king makes a thin man grow stout. For one whom the king has overtaken, where is happiness? The king makes happy the man who comes to him.

Note on the text: Four lines, as on the page (labelled 12-67-58a-d); = CE 12.68.58 (Wikisource भृशं for CE kṛśaṃ).

Verse 59 (12.67.59)

राजा प्रजानां प्रथमं शरीरं । प्रजाश्च राज्ञोऽप्रतिमं शरीरम् । राज्ञा विहीना न भवन्ति देशा । देशैर्विहीना न नृपा भवन्ति ॥

rājā prajānāṃ prathamaṃ śarīraṃ | prajāśca rājño'pratimaṃ śarīram | rājñā vihīnā na bhavanti deśā | deśairvihīnā na nṛpā bhavanti

The king is the first body of the people, and the people are the king's incomparable body. Without a king the lands do not endure, and without lands there are no kings.

Note on the text: Removed the stray backtick and quote mark Wikisource prints around this verse. Not in the critical edition's text; = the star passage 12.68.58d*0157_01-04 (rājā prajānāṃ prathamaṃ śarīraṃ / prajāś ca rājño 'pratimaṃ śarīram / rājñā vihīnā na bhavanti deśā / deśair vihīnā na nṛpā bhavanti), identical in sense and wording. Not matched by the alignment.

Verse 60 (12.67.60)

राजा प्रजानां हृदयं गरीयो । गतिः प्रतिष्ठा सुखमुत्तमं च । समाश्रिता लोकमिमं परं च । जयन्ति सम्यक्पुरुषा नरेन्द्र ॥

rājā prajānāṃ hṛdayaṃ garīyo | gatiḥ pratiṣṭhā sukhamuttamaṃ ca | samāśritā lokamimaṃ paraṃ ca | jayanti samyakpuruṣā narendra

The king is the heart of the people, weightier than all, their refuge, their support and their highest happiness. Men who rely on him rightly conquer this world and the next, O lord of men.

Note on the text: Wikisource समाश्रिता लोकमिमं परं च against CE yam āśritā lokam imaṃ paraṃ ca, a recension variant.

Verse 61 (12.67.61)

नराधिपश्चाप्यनुशिष्य मेदिनीं । दमेन सत्येन च सौहृदेन । महद्भिरिष्ट्वा क्रतुभिर्महायशा । त्रिविष्टपे स्थानमुपैति शाश्वतम् ॥

narādhipaścāpyanuśiṣya medinīṃ | damena satyena ca sauhṛdena | mahadbhiriṣṭvā kratubhirmahāyaśā | triviṣṭape sthānamupaiti śāśvatam

A lord of men who, having ruled the earth with self-restraint, truthfulness and kindness and having performed great sacrifices, wins the eternal place in heaven, greatly renowned.

Note on the text: Corrected स्त्रिविष्टपे → त्रिविष्टपे (misprint in Wikisource; stray स्; CE has triviṣṭape). Wikisource स्थानमुपैति शाश्वतम् against CE sthānam upaiti satkṛtam is a variant and is kept.

Verse 62 (12.67.62)

स एवमुक्तोऽङ्गिरसा कौसल्यो राजसत्तमः । प्रयत्नात्कृतवान्वीरः प्रजापालनमुत्तमम् ॥

sa evamukto'ṅgirasā kausalyo rājasattamaḥ | prayatnātkṛtavānvīraḥ prajāpālanamuttamam

Thus instructed by Angiras, Vasumanas, the heroic king of Kosala, best of kings, carefully carried out the finest protection of his people.