Prahlada's Judgement and Vidura's Maxims

Verse 1 (5.35.1)

ब्रूहि भूयो महाबुद्धे धर्मार्थसहितं वचः । शृण्वतो नास्ति मे तृप्तिर्विचित्राणीह भाषसे ॥

brūhi bhūyo mahābuddhe dharmārthasahitaṃ vacaḥ | śṛṇvato nāsti me tṛptirvicitrāṇīha bhāṣase

Speak again, wise one, words joined with dharma and worldly good. Listening to you, I am never satisfied, so wonderful are the things you say.

Verse 2 (5.35.2)

सर्वतीर्थेषु वा स्नानं सर्वभूतेषु चार्जवम् । उभे एते समे स्यातामार्जवं वा विशिष्यते ॥

sarvatīrtheṣu vā snānaṃ sarvabhūteṣu cārjavam | ubhe ete same syātāmārjavaṃ vā viśiṣyate

Bathing at every sacred ford, and straightforwardness toward all beings: these two may be equal, or straightforwardness may be the greater.

Verse 3 (5.35.3)

आर्जवं प्रतिपद्यस्व पुत्रेषु सततं विभो । इह कीर्तिं परां प्राप्य प्रेत्य स्वर्गमवाप्स्यसि ॥

ārjavaṃ pratipadyasva putreṣu satataṃ vibho | iha kīrtiṃ parāṃ prāpya pretya svargamavāpsyasi

Be straightforward with your sons at all times, my lord. You will win the highest fame in this world, and after death you will reach heaven.

Verse 4 (5.35.4)

यावत्कीर्तिर्मनुष्यस्य पुण्या लोकेषु गीयते । तावत्स पुरुषव्याघ्र स्वर्गलोके महीयते ॥

yāvatkīrtirmanuṣyasya puṇyā lokeṣu gīyate | tāvatsa puruṣavyāghra svargaloke mahīyate

As long as a man's good name is sung in the worlds, so long, O tiger among men, is he honoured in heaven.

Verse 5 (5.35.5)

अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् । विरोचनस्य संवादं केशिन्यर्थे सुधन्वना ॥

atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṃ purātanam | virocanasya saṃvādaṃ keśinyarthe sudhanvanā

On this they tell an ancient tale: the dispute between Virochana and Sudhanva over Keshini.

Verse 6 (5.35.6)

किं ब्राह्मणाः स्विच्छ्रेयांसो दितिजाः स्विद्विरोचन । अथ केन स्म पर्यङ्कं सुधन्वा नाधिरोहति ॥

kiṃ brāhmaṇāḥ svicchreyāṃso ditijāḥ svidvirocana | atha kena sma paryaṅkaṃ sudhanvā nādhirohati

Are the Brahmins the greater, Virochana, or the sons of Diti? And why is it that Sudhanva does not sit upon the couch?

Verse 7 (5.35.7)

प्राजापत्या हि वै श्रेष्ठा वयं केशिनि सत्तमाः । अस्माकं खल्विमे लोकाः के देवाः के द्विजातयः ॥

prājāpatyā hi vai śreṣṭhā vayaṃ keśini sattamāḥ | asmākaṃ khalvime lokāḥ ke devāḥ ke dvijātayaḥ

We, the children of Prajapati, are the best and the most excellent, Keshini. These worlds belong to us. Who are the gods, and who are the Brahmins?

Verse 8 (5.35.8)

इहैवास्स्व प्रतीक्षाव उपस्थाने विरोचन । सुधन्वा प्रातरागन्ता पश्येयं वां समागतौ ॥

ihaivāssva pratīkṣāva upasthāne virocana | sudhanvā prātarāgantā paśyeyaṃ vāṃ samāgatau

Then let us wait right here in this hall, Virochana. Sudhanva will come in the morning; I want to see the two of you together.

Verse 9 (5.35.9)

तथा भद्रे करिष्यामि यथा त्वं भीरु भाषसे । सुधन्वानं च मां चैव प्रातर्द्रष्टासि सङ्गतौ ॥

tathā bhadre kariṣyāmi yathā tvaṃ bhīru bhāṣase | sudhanvānaṃ ca māṃ caiva prātardraṣṭāsi saṅgatau

I will do as you say, gentle and timid lady. In the morning you will see Sudhanva and me together.

Verse 10 (5.35.10)

अन्वालभे हिरण्मयं प्राह्रादेऽहं तवासनम् । एकत्वमुपसम्पन्नो न त्वासेयं त्वया सह ॥

anvālabhe hiraṇmayaṃ prāhrāde'haṃ tavāsanam | ekatvamupasampanno na tvāseyaṃ tvayā saha

Son of Prahlada, I touch your golden seat, but I will not sit on it with you as though we were equals.

Verse 11 (5.35.11)

अन्वाहरन्तु फलकं कूर्चं वाप्यथ वा बृसीम् । सुधन्वन्न त्वमर्होऽसि मया सह समासनम् ॥

anvāharantu phalakaṃ kūrcaṃ vāpyatha vā bṛsīm | sudhanvanna tvamarho'si mayā saha samāsanam

Let them bring him a plank, a bundle of grass, or a mat of kusha. Sudhanva, you are not fit to share a seat with me.

Verse 12 (5.35.12)

पितापि ते समासीनमुपासीतैव मामधः । बालः सुखैधितो गेहे न त्वं किञ्चन बुध्यसे ॥

pitāpi te samāsīnamupāsītaiva māmadhaḥ | bālaḥ sukhaidhito gehe na tvaṃ kiñcana budhyase

Even your father would sit below me and wait upon me while I was seated. You are a boy raised in comfort at home; you understand nothing.

Verse 13 (5.35.13)

हिरण्यं च गवाश्वं च यद्वित्तमसुरेषु नः । सुधन्वन्विपणे तेन प्रश्नं पृच्छाव ये विदुः ॥

hiraṇyaṃ ca gavāśvaṃ ca yadvittamasureṣu naḥ | sudhanvanvipaṇe tena praśnaṃ pṛcchāva ye viduḥ

Whatever wealth we Asuras have, gold, cattle and horses, let us stake that, Sudhanva, and put the question to those who know.

Verse 14 (5.35.14)

हिरण्यं च गवाश्वं च तवैवास्तु विरोचन । प्राणयोस्तु पणं कृत्वा प्रश्नं पृच्छाव ये विदुः ॥

hiraṇyaṃ ca gavāśvaṃ ca tavaivāstu virocana | prāṇayostu paṇaṃ kṛtvā praśnaṃ pṛcchāva ye viduḥ

Keep your gold, cattle and horses, Virochana. Let us stake our lives instead, and put the question to those who know.

Verse 15 (5.35.15)

आवां कुत्र गमिष्यावः प्राणयोर्विपणे कृते । न हि देवेष्वहं स्थाता न मनुष्येषु कर्हिचित् ॥

āvāṃ kutra gamiṣyāvaḥ prāṇayorvipaṇe kṛte | na hi deveṣvahaṃ sthātā na manuṣyeṣu karhicit

Once our lives are staked, where shall we go? I will never submit to the gods as judges, nor ever to men.

Verse 16 (5.35.16)

पितरं ते गमिष्यावः प्राणयोर्विपणे कृते । पुत्रस्यापि स हेतोर्हि प्रह्रादो नानृतं वदेत् ॥

pitaraṃ te gamiṣyāvaḥ prāṇayorvipaṇe kṛte | putrasyāpi sa hetorhi prahrādo nānṛtaṃ vadet

Once our lives are staked, we will go to your father. Prahlada would not tell a lie even for his own son's sake.

Verse 17 (5.35.17)

इमौ तौ सम्प्रदृश्येते याभ्यां न चरितं सह । आशीविषाविव क्रुद्धावेकमार्गमिहागतौ ॥

imau tau sampradṛśyete yābhyāṃ na caritaṃ saha | āśīviṣāviva kruddhāvekamārgamihāgatau

Here are these two who have never kept company before, now come here by the same road like two angry snakes.

Verse 18 (5.35.18)

किं वै सहैव चरतो न पुरा चरतः सह । विरोचनैतत्पृच्छामि किं ते सख्यं सुधन्वना ॥

kiṃ vai sahaiva carato na purā carataḥ saha | virocanaitatpṛcchāmi kiṃ te sakhyaṃ sudhanvanā

Why do you two walk together now, who never walked together before? I ask you, Virochana: are you friends with Sudhanva?

Verse 19 (5.35.19)

न मे सुधन्वना सख्यं प्राणयोर्विपणावहे । प्रह्राद तत्त्वां पृच्छामि मा प्रश्नमनृतं वदीः ॥

na me sudhanvanā sakhyaṃ prāṇayorvipaṇāvahe | prahrāda tattvāṃ pṛcchāmi mā praśnamanṛtaṃ vadīḥ

I have no friendship with Sudhanva; the two of us have staked our lives. Prahlada, I put the question to you: do not answer it falsely.

Verse 20 (5.35.20)

उदकं मधुपर्कं चाप्यानयन्तु सुधन्वने । ब्रह्मन्नभ्यर्चनीयोऽसि श्वेता गौः पीवरीकृता ॥

udakaṃ madhuparkaṃ cāpyānayantu sudhanvane | brahmannabhyarcanīyo'si śvetā gauḥ pīvarīkṛtā

Let water and madhuparka be brought for Sudhanva. You are worthy of honour, Brahmin; a fattened white cow is ready for you.

Verse 21 (5.35.21)

उदकं मधुपर्कं च पथ एवार्पितं मम । प्रह्राद त्वं तु नौ प्रश्नं तथ्यं प्रब्रूहि पृच्छतोः ॥

udakaṃ madhuparkaṃ ca patha evārpitaṃ mama | prahrāda tvaṃ tu nau praśnaṃ tathyaṃ prabrūhi pṛcchatoḥ

Water and madhuparka were already offered to me on the way. Prahlada, simply give a true answer to the question the two of us are asking.

Verse 22 (5.35.22)

पुत्रो वान्यो भवान्ब्रह्मन्साक्ष्ये चैव भवेत्स्थितः । तयोर्विवदतोः प्रश्नं कथमस्मद्विधो वदेत् ॥

putro vānyo bhavānbrahmansākṣye caiva bhavetsthitaḥ | tayorvivadatoḥ praśnaṃ kathamasmadvidho vadet

One of you is my son and the other is you, Brahmin. Standing as witness between two who are disputing, how can one like me decide the question?

Verse 23 (5.35.23)

अथ यो नैव प्रब्रूयात्सत्यं वा यदि वानृतम् । एतत्सुधन्वन्पृच्छामि दुर्विवक्ता स्म किं वसेत् ॥

atha yo naiva prabrūyātsatyaṃ vā yadi vānṛtam | etatsudhanvanpṛcchāmi durvivaktā sma kiṃ vaset

And one who will not speak out at all, neither the truth nor a lie: this I ask you, Sudhanva, how does such a false judge pass his nights?

Verse 24 (5.35.24)

यां रात्रिमधिविन्ना स्त्री यां चैवाक्षपराजितः । यां च भाराभितप्ताङ्गो दुर्विवक्ता स्म तां वसेत् ॥

yāṃ rātrimadhivinnā strī yāṃ caivākṣaparājitaḥ | yāṃ ca bhārābhitaptāṅgo durvivaktā sma tāṃ vaset

The night a wife spends when her husband has taken another wife, the night of a man beaten at dice, the night of one whose body aches under a heavy load: such is the night the false judge spends.

Verse 25 (5.35.25)

नगरे प्रतिरुद्धः सन्बहिर्द्वारे बुभुक्षितः । अमित्रान्भूयसः पश्यन्दुर्विवक्ता स्म तां वसेत् ॥

nagare pratiruddhaḥ sanbahirdvāre bubhukṣitaḥ | amitrānbhūyasaḥ paśyandurvivaktā sma tāṃ vaset

Shut up in a besieged city, hungry at the outer gate, watching his enemies grow in number: so the false judge passes his nights.

Verse 26 (5.35.26)

पञ्च पश्वनृते हन्ति दश हन्ति गवानृते । शतमश्वानृते हन्ति सहस्रं पुरुषानृते ॥

pañca paśvanṛte hanti daśa hanti gavānṛte | śatamaśvānṛte hanti sahasraṃ puruṣānṛte

A lie in a case about small livestock destroys five generations of one's line, a lie about a cow destroys ten, a lie about a horse a hundred, and a lie about a man a thousand.

Verse 27 (5.35.27)

हन्ति जातानजातांश्च हिरण्यार्थेऽनृतं वदन् । सर्वं भूम्यनृते हन्ति मा स्म भूम्यनृतं वदीः ॥

hanti jātānajātāṃśca hiraṇyārthe'nṛtaṃ vadan | sarvaṃ bhūmyanṛte hanti mā sma bhūmyanṛtaṃ vadīḥ

One who lies for gold destroys those already born and those yet unborn; a lie about land destroys everything. Never tell a lie about land.

Verse 28 (5.35.28)

मत्तः श्रेयानङ्गिरा वै सुधन्वा त्वद्विरोचन । मातास्य श्रेयसी मातुस्तस्मात्त्वं तेन वै जितः ॥

mattaḥ śreyānaṅgirā vai sudhanvā tvadvirocana | mātāsya śreyasī mātustasmāttvaṃ tena vai jitaḥ

Angiras is greater than I, and Sudhanva is greater than you, Virochana. His mother too is greater than your mother; therefore he has defeated you.

Verse 29 (5.35.29)

विरोचन सुधन्वायं प्राणानामीश्वरस्तव । सुधन्वन्पुनरिच्छामि त्वया दत्तं विरोचनम् ॥

virocana sudhanvāyaṃ prāṇānāmīśvarastava | sudhanvanpunaricchāmi tvayā dattaṃ virocanam

Virochana, Sudhanva is now the master of your life. Sudhanva, I ask that you give Virochana back to me.

Verse 30 (5.35.30)

यद्धर्ममवृणीथास्त्वं न कामादनृतं वदीः । पुनर्ददामि ते तस्मात्पुत्रं प्रह्राद दुर्लभम् ॥

yaddharmamavṛṇīthāstvaṃ na kāmādanṛtaṃ vadīḥ | punardadāmi te tasmātputraṃ prahrāda durlabham

Because you chose dharma and did not speak falsely out of love, Prahlada, I give you back your precious son.

Verse 31 (5.35.31)

एष प्रह्राद पुत्रस्ते मया दत्तो विरोचनः । पादप्रक्षालनं कुर्यात्कुमार्याः संनिधौ मम ॥

eṣa prahrāda putraste mayā datto virocanaḥ | pādaprakṣālanaṃ kuryātkumāryāḥ saṃnidhau mama

Here is your son Virochana, Prahlada, given back by me. But let him wash my feet in the presence of the maiden.

Verse 32 (5.35.32)

तस्माद्राजेन्द्र भूम्यर्थे नानृतं वक्तुमर्हसि । मा गमः ससुतामात्योऽत्ययं पुत्राननुभ्रमन् ॥

tasmādrājendra bhūmyarthe nānṛtaṃ vaktumarhasi | mā gamaḥ sasutāmātyo'tyayaṃ putrānanubhraman

Therefore, king of kings, you must not speak falsely for the sake of land. Do not follow your sons and go to ruin together with them and your ministers.

Verse 33 (5.35.33)

न देवा यष्टिमादाय रक्षन्ति पशुपालवत् । यं तु रक्षितुमिच्छन्ति बुद्ध्या संविभजन्ति तम् ॥

na devā yaṣṭimādāya rakṣanti paśupālavat | yaṃ tu rakṣitumicchanti buddhyā saṃvibhajanti tam

The gods do not protect a man by taking up a staff, like a herdsman. Whomever they wish to protect, they endow with understanding.

Verse 34 (5.35.34)

यथा यथा हि पुरुषः कल्याणे कुरुते मनः । तथा तथास्य सर्वार्थाः सिध्यन्ते नात्र संशयः ॥

yathā yathā hi puruṣaḥ kalyāṇe kurute manaḥ | tathā tathāsya sarvārthāḥ sidhyante nātra saṃśayaḥ

The more a man sets his mind on what is good, the more all his aims succeed; of this there is no doubt.

Verse 35 (5.35.35)

न छन्दांसि वृजिनात्तारयन्ति । मायाविनं मायया वर्तमानम् । नीडं शकुन्ता इव जातपक्षा- । श्छन्दांस्येनं प्रजहत्यन्तकाले ॥

na chandāṃsi vṛjināttārayanti | māyāvinaṃ māyayā vartamānam | nīḍaṃ śakuntā iva jātapakṣā- | śchandāṃsyenaṃ prajahatyantakāle

The Vedas do not carry the deceiver who lives by deceit across his sin. At the end they abandon him, as birds that have grown their wings abandon the nest.

Note on the text: Pada breaks reformatted: Wikisource marks the mid-line breaks of this verse with semicolons; they are set as line breaks here, as elsewhere in this text. Wording unchanged.

Verse 36 (5.35.36)

मत्तापानं कलहं पूगवैरं । भार्यापत्योरन्तरं ज्ञातिभेदम् । राजद्विष्टं स्त्रीपुमांसोर्विवादं । वर्ज्यान्याहुर्यश्च पन्थाः प्रदुष्टः ॥

mattāpānaṃ kalahaṃ pūgavairaṃ | bhāryāpatyorantaraṃ jñātibhedam | rājadviṣṭaṃ strīpumāṃsorvivādaṃ | varjyānyāhuryaśca panthāḥ praduṣṭaḥ

Drinking bouts, quarrels, enmity with a whole group, coming between husband and wife, dividing kinsmen, hostility to the king, disputes between a man and a woman, and any road that is corrupt: these, they say, are to be avoided.

Note on the text: Pada breaks reformatted: Wikisource marks the mid-line breaks of this verse with semicolons; they are set as line breaks here, as elsewhere in this text. Wording unchanged.

Verse 37 (5.35.37)

सामुद्रिकं वणिजं चोरपूर्वं । शलाकधूर्तं च चिकित्सकं च । अरिं च मित्रं च कुशीलवं च । नैतान्साक्ष्येष्वधिकुर्वीत सप्त ॥

sāmudrikaṃ vaṇijaṃ corapūrvaṃ | śalākadhūrtaṃ ca cikitsakaṃ ca | ariṃ ca mitraṃ ca kuśīlavaṃ ca | naitānsākṣyeṣvadhikurvīta sapta

A reader of bodily marks, a trader who was once a thief, a cheat at dice, a physician, an enemy, a friend, and an actor: these seven should not be appointed as witnesses.

Note on the text: Pada breaks reformatted: Wikisource marks the mid-line breaks of this verse with semicolons; they are set as line breaks here, as elsewhere in this text. Wording unchanged.

Verse 38 (5.35.38)

मानाग्निहोत्रमुत मानमौनं । मानेनाधीतमुत मानयज्ञः । एतानि चत्वार्यभयङ्कराणि । भयं प्रयच्छन्त्ययथाकृतानि ॥

mānāgnihotramuta mānamaunaṃ | mānenādhītamuta mānayajñaḥ | etāni catvāryabhayaṅkarāṇi | bhayaṃ prayacchantyayathākṛtāni

The agnihotra performed for pride, silence kept for pride, study pursued for pride, and sacrifice offered for pride: these four, which otherwise free one from fear, bring fear when done in the wrong way.

Note on the text: Pada breaks reformatted: Wikisource marks the mid-line breaks of this verse with semicolons; they are set as line breaks here, as elsewhere in this text. Wording unchanged.

Verse 39 (5.35.39)

अगारदाही गरदः कुण्डाशी सोमविक्रयी । पर्वकारश्च सूची च मित्रध्रुक्पारदारिकः ॥

agāradāhī garadaḥ kuṇḍāśī somavikrayī | parvakāraśca sūcī ca mitradhrukpāradārikaḥ

One who sets houses on fire, a poisoner, one who lives off a son born of adultery, a seller of soma, a maker of arrows, an informer, one who betrays a friend, a seducer of other men's wives,

Verse 40 (5.35.40)

भ्रूणहा गुरुतल्पी च यश्च स्यात्पानपो द्विजः । अतितीक्ष्णश्च काकश्च नास्तिको वेदनिन्दकः ॥

bhrūṇahā gurutalpī ca yaśca syātpānapo dvijaḥ | atitīkṣṇaśca kākaśca nāstiko vedanindakaḥ

one who kills an unborn child, one who defiles his teacher's bed, a twice-born man who drinks liquor, one who is excessively harsh, one who is like a crow, an unbeliever, one who reviles the Vedas,

Verse 41 (5.35.41)

स्रुवप्रग्रहणो व्रात्यः कीनाशश्चार्थवानपि । रक्षेत्युक्तश्च यो हिंस्यात्सर्वे ब्रह्महणैः समाः ॥

sruvapragrahaṇo vrātyaḥ kīnāśaścārthavānapi | rakṣetyuktaśca yo hiṃsyātsarve brahmahaṇaiḥ samāḥ

one who takes up the sacrificial ladle for anyone, one who has fallen from his sacred rites, a miser even though he is wealthy, and one who harms a person who has begged him for protection: all these are equal to the slayer of a Brahmin.

Verse 42 (5.35.42)

तृणोल्कया ज्ञायते जातरूपं । युगे भद्रो व्यवहारेण साधुः । शूरो भयेष्वर्थकृच्छ्रेषु धीरः । कृच्छ्रास्वापत्सु सुहृदश्चारयश्च ॥

tṛṇolkayā jñāyate jātarūpaṃ | yuge bhadro vyavahāreṇa sādhuḥ | śūro bhayeṣvarthakṛcchreṣu dhīraḥ | kṛcchrāsvāpatsu suhṛdaścārayaśca

Gold is tested by a torch of straw, a good ox in the yoke, an honest man by his dealings, a brave man in times of danger, a steady man when money is short, and friends and enemies in hard misfortune.

Note on the text: Pada breaks reformatted: Wikisource marks the mid-line breaks of this verse with semicolons; they are set as line breaks here, as elsewhere in this text. Wording unchanged.

Verse 43 (5.35.43)

जरा रूपं हरति हि धैर्यमाशा । मृत्युः प्राणान्धर्मचर्यामसूया । क्रोधः श्रियं शीलमनार्यसेवा । ह्रियं कामः सर्वमेवाभिमानः ॥

jarā rūpaṃ harati hi dhairyamāśā | mṛtyuḥ prāṇāndharmacaryāmasūyā | krodhaḥ śriyaṃ śīlamanāryasevā | hriyaṃ kāmaḥ sarvamevābhimānaḥ

Old age takes away beauty, expectation takes away patience, death takes life, envy takes the practice of dharma, anger takes prosperity, serving the ignoble takes good character, lust takes modesty, and pride takes everything.

Note on the text: Pada breaks reformatted: Wikisource marks the mid-line breaks of this verse with semicolons; they are set as line breaks here, as elsewhere in this text. Wording unchanged.

Verse 44 (5.35.44)

श्रीर्मङ्गलात्प्रभवति प्रागल्भ्यात्सम्प्रवर्धते । दाक्ष्यात्तु कुरुते मूलं संयमात्प्रतितिष्ठति ॥

śrīrmaṅgalātprabhavati prāgalbhyātsampravardhate | dākṣyāttu kurute mūlaṃ saṃyamātpratitiṣṭhati

Prosperity is born of auspicious conduct, grows through boldness, takes root through skill, and stands firm through self-restraint.

Verse 45 (5.35.45)

अष्टौ गुणाः पुरुषं दीपयन्ति । प्रज्ञा च कौल्यं च दमः श्रुतं च । पराक्रमश्चाबहुभाषिता च । दानं यथाशक्ति कृतज्ञता च ॥

aṣṭau guṇāḥ puruṣaṃ dīpayanti | prajñā ca kaulyaṃ ca damaḥ śrutaṃ ca | parākramaścābahubhāṣitā ca | dānaṃ yathāśakti kṛtajñatā ca

Eight qualities make a man shine: wisdom, good family, self-control, learning, valour, speaking little, giving according to one's means, and gratitude.

Note on the text: Pada breaks reformatted: Wikisource marks the mid-line breaks of this verse with semicolons; they are set as line breaks here, as elsewhere in this text. Wording unchanged.

Verse 46 (5.35.46)

एतान्गुणांस्तात महानुभावा- । नेको गुणः संश्रयते प्रसह्य । राजा यदा सत्कुरुते मनुष्यं । सर्वान्गुणानेष गुणोऽतिभाति ॥

etānguṇāṃstāta mahānubhāvā- | neko guṇaḥ saṃśrayate prasahya | rājā yadā satkurute manuṣyaṃ | sarvānguṇāneṣa guṇo'tibhāti

My son, there is one quality that takes hold of all these great qualities at once: when the king honours a man, that one quality outshines all the rest.

Note on the text: Pada breaks reformatted: Wikisource marks the mid-line breaks of this verse with semicolons; they are set as line breaks here, as elsewhere in this text. Wording unchanged.

Verse 47 (5.35.47)

अष्टौ नृपेमानि मनुष्यलोके । स्वर्गस्य लोकस्य निदर्शनानि । चत्वार्येषामन्ववेतानि सद्भि- । श्चत्वार्येषामन्ववयन्ति सन्तः ॥

aṣṭau nṛpemāni manuṣyaloke | svargasya lokasya nidarśanāni | catvāryeṣāmanvavetāni sadbhi- | ścatvāryeṣāmanvavayanti santaḥ

O king, there are eight things in the world of men that are signs of the world of heaven. Four of them are practised in the company of the good, and four the good themselves follow.

Note on the text: Pada breaks reformatted: Wikisource marks the mid-line breaks of this verse with semicolons; they are set as line breaks here, as elsewhere in this text. Wording unchanged.

Verse 48 (5.35.48)

यज्ञो दानमध्ययनं तपश्च । चत्वार्येतान्यन्ववेतानि सद्भिः । दमः सत्यमार्जवमानृशंस्यं । चत्वार्येतान्यन्ववयन्ति सन्तः ॥

yajño dānamadhyayanaṃ tapaśca | catvāryetānyanvavetāni sadbhiḥ | damaḥ satyamārjavamānṛśaṃsyaṃ | catvāryetānyanvavayanti santaḥ

Sacrifice, giving, study and austerity: these four are practised in the company of the good. Self-control, truth, straightforwardness and kindness: these four the good themselves follow.

Note on the text: Pada breaks reformatted: Wikisource marks the mid-line breaks of this verse with semicolons; they are set as line breaks here, as elsewhere in this text. Wording unchanged.

Verse 49 (5.35.49)

न सा सभा यत्र न सन्ति वृद्धा । न ते वृद्धा ये न वदन्ति धर्मम् । नासौ धर्मो यत्र न सत्यमस्ति । न तत्सत्यं यच्छलेनानुविद्धम् ॥

na sā sabhā yatra na santi vṛddhā | na te vṛddhā ye na vadanti dharmam | nāsau dharmo yatra na satyamasti | na tatsatyaṃ yacchalenānuviddham

That is no assembly where there are no elders; they are no elders who do not speak for dharma; that is no dharma in which there is no truth; and that is no truth which is mixed with deceit.

Note on the text: Pada breaks reformatted: Wikisource marks the mid-line breaks of this verse with semicolons; they are set as line breaks here, as elsewhere in this text. Wording unchanged.

Verse 50 (5.35.50)

सत्यं रूपं श्रुतं विद्या कौल्यं शीलं बलं धनम् । शौर्यं च चित्रभाष्यं च दश संसर्गयोनयः ॥

satyaṃ rūpaṃ śrutaṃ vidyā kaulyaṃ śīlaṃ balaṃ dhanam | śauryaṃ ca citrabhāṣyaṃ ca daśa saṃsargayonayaḥ

Truthfulness, beauty, learning, knowledge, good family, good character, strength, wealth, valour and eloquent speech: these ten are what draw others into one's company.

Verse 51 (5.35.51)

पापं कुर्वन्पापकीर्तिः पापमेवाश्नुते फलम् । पुण्यं कुर्वन्पुण्यकीर्तिः पुण्यमेवाश्नुते फलम् ॥

pāpaṃ kurvanpāpakīrtiḥ pāpamevāśnute phalam | puṇyaṃ kurvanpuṇyakīrtiḥ puṇyamevāśnute phalam

A man who does evil earns an evil name and reaps only evil fruit; a man who does good earns a good name and reaps only good fruit.

Verse 52 (5.35.52)

पापं प्रज्ञां नाशयति क्रियमाणं पुनः पुनः । नष्टप्रज्ञः पापमेव नित्यमारभते नरः ॥

pāpaṃ prajñāṃ nāśayati kriyamāṇaṃ punaḥ punaḥ | naṣṭaprajñaḥ pāpameva nityamārabhate naraḥ

Evil done again and again destroys wisdom, and a man whose wisdom is destroyed always takes up evil again.

Verse 53 (5.35.53)

पुण्यं प्रज्ञां वर्धयति क्रियमाणं पुनः पुनः । वृद्धप्रज्ञः पुण्यमेव नित्यमारभते नरः ॥

puṇyaṃ prajñāṃ vardhayati kriyamāṇaṃ punaḥ punaḥ | vṛddhaprajñaḥ puṇyameva nityamārabhate naraḥ

Good done again and again increases wisdom, and a man whose wisdom has grown always takes up good again.

Verse 54 (5.35.54)

असूयको दन्दशूको निष्ठुरो वैरकृन्नरः । स कृच्छ्रं महदाप्नोति नचिरात्पापमाचरन् ॥

asūyako dandaśūko niṣṭhuro vairakṛnnaraḥ | sa kṛcchraṃ mahadāpnoti nacirātpāpamācaran

The envious man, the one who bites like a snake, the harsh man, the man who stirs up enmity: such a man, doing evil, soon meets great misery.

Verse 55 (5.35.55)

अनसूयः कृतप्रज्ञः शोभनान्याचरन्सदा । अकृच्छ्रात्सुखमाप्नोति सर्वत्र च विराजते ॥

anasūyaḥ kṛtaprajñaḥ śobhanānyācaransadā | akṛcchrātsukhamāpnoti sarvatra ca virājate

The man free of envy, whose understanding is mature, who always does what is right, easily gains happiness and is honoured everywhere.

Verse 56 (5.35.56)

प्रज्ञामेवागमयति यः प्राज्ञेभ्यः स पण्डितः । प्राज्ञो ह्यवाप्य धर्मार्थौ शक्नोति सुखमेधितुम् ॥

prajñāmevāgamayati yaḥ prājñebhyaḥ sa paṇḍitaḥ | prājño hyavāpya dharmārthau śaknoti sukhamedhitum

He who draws wisdom from the wise is truly learned; for the wise man, having gained dharma and wealth, is able to prosper in happiness.

Verse 57 (5.35.57)

दिवसेनैव तत्कुर्याद्येन रात्रौ सुखं वसेत् । अष्टमासेन तत्कुर्याद्येन वर्षाः सुखं वसेत् ॥

divasenaiva tatkuryādyena rātrau sukhaṃ vaset | aṣṭamāsena tatkuryādyena varṣāḥ sukhaṃ vaset

During the day one should do what will let one live at ease at night; in the eight dry months one should do what will let one live at ease in the rains.

Verse 58 (5.35.58)

पूर्वे वयसि तत्कुर्याद्येन वृद्धः सुखं वसेत् । यावज्जीवेन तत्कुर्याद्येन प्रेत्य सुखं वसेत् ॥

pūrve vayasi tatkuryādyena vṛddhaḥ sukhaṃ vaset | yāvajjīvena tatkuryādyena pretya sukhaṃ vaset

In youth one should do what will let one live at ease in old age; throughout one's life one should do what will let one live at ease after death.

Verse 59 (5.35.59)

जीर्णमन्नं प्रशंसन्ति भार्यां च गतयौवनाम् । शूरं विगतसङ्ग्रामं गतपारं तपस्विनम् ॥

jīrṇamannaṃ praśaṃsanti bhāryāṃ ca gatayauvanām | śūraṃ vigatasaṅgrāmaṃ gatapāraṃ tapasvinam

Food is praised once it is digested, a wife once her youth has passed, a hero once he has come through the battle, and an ascetic once he has reached the far shore.

Verse 60 (5.35.60)

धनेनाधर्मलब्धेन यच्छिद्रमपिधीयते । असंवृतं तद्भवति ततोऽन्यदवदीर्यते ॥

dhanenādharmalabdhena yacchidramapidhīyate | asaṃvṛtaṃ tadbhavati tato'nyadavadīryate

A breach one tries to cover with wealth gained against dharma stays uncovered, and from it another breach breaks open.

Verse 61 (5.35.61)

गुरुरात्मवतां शास्ता शास्ता राजा दुरात्मनाम् । अथ प्रच्छन्नपापानां शास्ता वैवस्वतो यमः ॥

gururātmavatāṃ śāstā śāstā rājā durātmanām | atha pracchannapāpānāṃ śāstā vaivasvato yamaḥ

The teacher governs the self-controlled, the king governs the wicked, and for those who sin in secret the governor is Yama, son of Vivasvan.

Verse 62 (5.35.62)

ऋषीणां च नदीनां च कुलानां च महात्मनाम् । प्रभवो नाधिगन्तव्यः स्त्रीणां दुश्चरितस्य च ॥

ṛṣīṇāṃ ca nadīnāṃ ca kulānāṃ ca mahātmanām | prabhavo nādhigantavyaḥ strīṇāṃ duścaritasya ca

The origin of sages, of rivers, of great families, of women, and of wrongdoing should not be searched out.

Verse 63 (5.35.63)

द्विजातिपूजाभिरतो दाता ज्ञातिषु चार्जवी । क्षत्रियः स्वर्गभाग्राजंश्चिरं पालयते महीम् ॥

dvijātipūjābhirato dātā jñātiṣu cārjavī | kṣatriyaḥ svargabhāgrājaṃściraṃ pālayate mahīm

A Kshatriya who delights in honouring the twice-born, is generous, and is straightforward with his kinsmen, wins heaven, O king, and rules the earth for a long time.

Verse 64 (5.35.64)

सुवर्णपुष्पां पृथिवीं चिन्वन्ति पुरुषास्त्रयः । शूरश्च कृतविद्यश्च यश्च जानाति सेवितुम् ॥

suvarṇapuṣpāṃ pṛthivīṃ cinvanti puruṣāstrayaḥ | śūraśca kṛtavidyaśca yaśca jānāti sevitum

Three kinds of men gather from the earth that bears flowers of gold: the brave man, the man of learning, and the man who knows how to serve.

Verse 65 (5.35.65)

बुद्धिश्रेष्ठानि कर्माणि बाहुमध्यानि भारत । तानि जङ्घाजघन्यानि भारप्रत्यवराणि च ॥

buddhiśreṣṭhāni karmāṇi bāhumadhyāni bhārata | tāni jaṅghājaghanyāni bhārapratyavarāṇi ca

Of all actions, O Bharata, those done with the intellect are the best, those done with the arms are middling, those done with the legs are low, and those done by carrying loads are the lowest.

Verse 66 (5.35.66)

दुर्योधने च शकुनौ मूढे दुःशासने तथा । कर्णे चैश्वर्यमाधाय कथं त्वं भूतिमिच्छसि ॥

duryodhane ca śakunau mūḍhe duḥśāsane tathā | karṇe caiśvaryamādhāya kathaṃ tvaṃ bhūtimicchasi

You have placed sovereignty in the hands of Duryodhana, Shakuni, the foolish Duhshasana and Karna. How can you hope for prosperity?

Verse 67 (5.35.67)

सर्वैर्गुणैरुपेताश्च पाण्डवा भरतर्षभ । पितृवत्त्वयि वर्तन्ते तेषु वर्तस्व पुत्रवत् ॥

sarvairguṇairupetāśca pāṇḍavā bharatarṣabha | pitṛvattvayi vartante teṣu vartasva putravat

The Pandavas, who have every virtue, O best of the Bharatas, treat you as their father. Treat them as your sons.