The Four Kinds of Sons, Sumana's Teaching on Merit, and Dharma's Curse from Durvasa

Verse 1 (padma.2.12.1)

सुमनोवाच- ऋणसंबंधिनं पुत्रं प्रवक्ष्यामि तवाग्रतः । ऋणं यस्य गृहीत्वा यः प्रयाति मरणं किल

sumanovāca- ṛṇasaṁbaṁdhinaṁ putraṁ pravakṣyāmi tavāgrataḥ ṛṇaṁ yasya gṛhītvā yaḥ prayāti maraṇaṁ kila

Sumana said: I shall now describe to you the son bound by a relation of debt — he who, having taken on a debt, goes to his own death before repaying it.

Verse 2 (padma.2.12.2)

अर्थदाता सुतो भूत्वा भ्राता चाथ पिता प्रिया । मित्ररूपेण वर्त्तेत अतिदुष्टः सदैव सः

arthadātā suto bhūtvā bhrātā cātha pitā priyā mitrarūpeṇa vartteta atiduṣṭaḥ sadaiva saḥ

The one who gave that wealth then becomes his son, or brother, or father, or wife, or takes the form of a friend; he is ever exceedingly wicked.

Verse 3 (padma.2.12.3)

गुणं नैव प्रपश्येत स क्रूरो निष्ठुराकृतिः । जल्पते निष्ठुरं वाक्यं सदैव स्वजनेषु च

guṇaṁ naiva prapaśyeta sa krūro niṣṭhurākṛtiḥ jalpate niṣṭhuraṁ vākyaṁ sadaiva svajaneṣu ca

He sees no virtue at all in others; cruel, harsh of nature, he speaks harsh words always, even toward his own kin.

Verse 4 (padma.2.12.4)

मिष्टंमिष्टं समश्नाति भोगान्भुंजति नित्यशः । द्यूतकर्मरतो नित्यं चौरकर्मणि सस्पृहः

miṣṭaṁmiṣṭaṁ samaśnāti bhogānbhuṁjati nityaśaḥ dyūtakarmarato nityaṁ caurakarmaṇi saspṛhaḥ

He eats only the sweetest foods and enjoys pleasures constantly; ever devoted to gambling, eager for the deeds of a thief.

Verse 5 (padma.2.12.5)

गृहद्रव्यं बलाद्भुंक्ते वार्यमाणः स कुप्यति । पितरं मातरं चैव कुत्सते च दिनेदिने

gṛhadravyaṁ balādbhuṁkte vāryamāṇaḥ sa kupyati pitaraṁ mātaraṁ caiva kutsate ca dinedine

He consumes the household's wealth by force; when restrained, he grows angry; he reviles his father and mother, day after day.

Verse 6 (padma.2.12.6)

द्रावकस्त्रासकश्चैव बहुनिष्ठुरजल्पकः । एवं भुक्त्वाथ तद्द्रव्यं सुखेन परितिष्ठति

drāvakastrāsakaścaiva bahuniṣṭhurajalpakaḥ evaṁ bhuktvātha taddravyaṁ sukhena paritiṣṭhati

A squanderer and a bully, speaking much harsh talk — thus, having consumed that wealth, he remains at ease.

Verse 7 (padma.2.12.7)

जातकर्मादिभिर्बाल्ये द्रव्यं गृह्णाति दारुणः । पुनर्विवाहसंबंधान्नानाभेदैरनेकधा

jātakarmādibhirbālye dravyaṁ gṛhṇāti dāruṇaḥ punarvivāhasaṁbaṁdhānnānābhedairanekadhā

That dreadful one drains wealth even in childhood, through birth-rites and the like; and afterward, through marriage and its connections, in many varied ways—

Verse 8 (padma.2.12.8)

एवं संजायते द्रव्यमेवमेतद्ददात्यपि । गृहक्षेत्रादिकं सर्वं ममैव हि न संशयः

evaṁ saṁjāyate dravyamevametaddadātyapi gṛhakṣetrādikaṁ sarvaṁ mamaiva hi na saṁśayaḥ

—thus wealth is drawn out, and given away too; 'the house, the field, and everything else are surely mine alone,' he insists, no doubt.

Verse 9 (padma.2.12.9)

पितरं मातरं चैव हिनस्त्येव दिनेदिने । सुखंडैर्मुशलैश्चैव सर्वघातैः सुदारुणैः

pitaraṁ mātaraṁ caiva hinastyeva dinedine sukhaṁḍairmuśalaiścaiva sarvaghātaiḥ sudāruṇaiḥ

He assails his father and mother, day after day, with sharp blows and with pestles, with every kind of dreadful violence.

Verse 10 (padma.2.12.10)

मृते तु तस्मिन्पितरि मातर्येवातिनिष्ठुरः । निःस्नेहो निष्ठुरश्चश्चैव जायते नात्र संशयः

mṛte tu tasminpitari mātaryevātiniṣṭhuraḥ niḥsneho niṣṭhuraścaścaiva jāyate nātra saṁśayaḥ

When that father has died, he becomes exceedingly harsh even toward his mother; devoid of affection and hard-hearted he becomes, no doubt of it.

Verse 11 (padma.2.12.11)

श्राद्धकर्माणि दानानि न करोति कदैव सः । एवंविधाश्च वै पुत्राः प्रभवंति महीतले

śrāddhakarmāṇi dānāni na karoti kadaiva saḥ evaṁvidhāśca vai putrāḥ prabhavaṁti mahītale

He never performs the funerary rites or gifts at all. Such indeed are the sons that arise upon this earth, bound by debt.

Verse 12 (padma.2.12.12)

रिपुं पुत्रं प्रवक्ष्यामि तवाग्रे द्विजपुंगव । बाल्ये वयसि संप्राप्ते रिपुत्वे वर्तते सदा

ripuṁ putraṁ pravakṣyāmi tavāgre dvijapuṁgava bālye vayasi saṁprāpte riputve vartate sadā

Now I shall describe the 'enemy-son' before you, O foremost of brahmins; from the very age of childhood he ever conducts himself as an enemy.

Verse 13 (padma.2.12.13)

पितरं मातरं चैव क्रीडमानो हि ताडयेत् । ताडयित्वा प्रयात्येव प्रहस्यैव पुनःपुनः

pitaraṁ mātaraṁ caiva krīḍamāno hi tāḍayet tāḍayitvā prayātyeva prahasyaiva punaḥpunaḥ

While at play he strikes his father and mother; having struck them, he simply walks away, laughing again and again.

Verse 14 (padma.2.12.14)

पुनरायाति संत्रस्तः पितरं मातरं प्रति । सक्रोधो वर्तते नित्यं कुत्सते च पुनःपुनः

punarāyāti saṁtrastaḥ pitaraṁ mātaraṁ prati sakrodho vartate nityaṁ kutsate ca punaḥpunaḥ

He comes back again, feigning fright, toward his father and mother; he is ever full of anger, and reviles them again and again.

Verse 15 (padma.2.12.15)

एवं संवर्तते नित्यं वैरकर्मणि सर्वदा । पितरं मारयित्वा च मातरं च ततः पुनः

evaṁ saṁvartate nityaṁ vairakarmaṇi sarvadā pitaraṁ mārayitvā ca mātaraṁ ca tataḥ punaḥ

Thus does he conduct himself constantly, ever engaged in acts of enmity; having caused the death of his father, and then his mother too—

Verse 16 (padma.2.12.16)

प्रयात्येवं स दुष्टात्मा पूर्ववैरानुभावतः । अथातः संप्रवक्ष्यामि यस्माल्लभ्यं भवेत्प्रियम्

prayātyevaṁ sa duṣṭātmā pūrvavairānubhāvataḥ athātaḥ saṁpravakṣyāmi yasmāllabhyaṁ bhavetpriyam

—that wicked-souled one departs thus, through the power of enmity from a former life. Now I shall speak of the son from whom true affection is obtained.

Verse 17 (padma.2.12.17)

जातमात्रः प्रियं कुर्याद्बाल्ये लालनक्रीडनैः । वयः प्राप्य प्रियं कुर्यान्मातृपित्रोरनन्तरम्

jātamātraḥ priyaṁ kuryādbālye lālanakrīḍanaiḥ vayaḥ prāpya priyaṁ kuryānmātṛpitroranantaram

As soon as he is born, he brings delight through his childhood play and endearments; having reached maturity, he brings unbroken delight to his mother and father.

Verse 18 (padma.2.12.18)

भक्त्या संतोषयेन्नित्यं तावुभौ परितोषयेत् । स्नेहेन वचसा चैव प्रियसंभाषणेन च

bhaktyā saṁtoṣayennityaṁ tāvubhau paritoṣayet snehena vacasā caiva priyasaṁbhāṣaṇena ca

With devotion he ever satisfies them, delighting both of them fully, through affection, through speech, and through loving conversation.

Verse 19 (padma.2.12.19)

मृते गुरौ समाज्ञाय स्नेहेन रुदते पुनः । श्राद्धकर्माणि सर्वाणि पिंडदानादिकां क्रियाम्

mṛte gurau samājñāya snehena rudate punaḥ śrāddhakarmāṇi sarvāṇi piṁḍadānādikāṁ kriyām

When his elder has died, learning of it, he weeps again out of affection; he performs all the funerary rites, the offering of the rice-balls and the like—

Verse 20 (padma.2.12.20)

करोत्येव सुदुःखार्तस्तेभ्यो यात्रां प्रयच्छति । ऋणत्रयान्वितः स्नेहाद्भुंजापयति नित्यशः

karotyeva suduḥkhārtastebhyo yātrāṁ prayacchati ṛṇatrayānvitaḥ snehādbhuṁjāpayati nityaśaḥ

—sorely afflicted with grief; he offers pilgrimage-merit on their behalf. Bound by the three debts, out of affection he ever offers them sustenance—

Verse 21 (padma.2.12.21)

यस्माल्लभ्यं भवेत्कांत प्रयच्छति न संशयः । पुत्रो भूत्वा महाप्राज्ञ अनेन विधिना किल

yasmāllabhyaṁ bhavetkāṁta prayacchati na saṁśayaḥ putro bhūtvā mahāprājña anena vidhinā kila

—whatever benefit is due, my dear, he grants it, no doubt of it. Having become a son, O greatly wise one, in this very manner he conducts himself.

Verse 22 (padma.2.12.22)

उदासीनं प्रवक्ष्यामि तवाग्रे प्रिय सांप्रतम् । उदासीनेन भावेन सदैव परिवर्तते

udāsīnaṁ pravakṣyāmi tavāgre priya sāṁpratam udāsīnena bhāvena sadaiva parivartate

Now I shall speak before you, my dear, of the 'indifferent son.' He conducts himself always with a spirit of pure indifference.

Verse 23 (padma.2.12.23)

ददाति नैव गृह्णाति न च कुप्यति तुष्यति । नो वा ददाति संत्यज्य उदासीनो द्विजोत्तम

dadāti naiva gṛhṇāti na ca kupyati tuṣyati no vā dadāti saṁtyajya udāsīno dvijottama

He neither gives nor takes; he neither grows angry nor is pleased; he neither gives, nor refuses having abandoned all — utterly indifferent, O best of brahmins.

Verse 24 (padma.2.12.24)

तवाग्रे कथितं सर्वं पुत्राणां गतिरीदृशी । यथा पुत्रस्तथा भार्या पिता माताथ बांधवाः

tavāgre kathitaṁ sarvaṁ putrāṇāṁ gatirīdṛśī yathā putrastathā bhāryā pitā mātātha bāṁdhavāḥ

All this has been told before you — such is the destiny of sons. As with sons, so too with wife, father, mother, and kinsmen—

Verse 25 (padma.2.12.25)

भृत्याश्चान्ये समाख्याताः पशवस्तुरगास्तथा । गजा महिष्यो दासाश्च ऋणसंबंधिनस्त्वमी

bhṛtyāścānye samākhyātāḥ paśavasturagāstathā gajā mahiṣyo dāsāśca ṛṇasaṁbaṁdhinastvamī

—and servants, and other beings likewise: cattle, horses, elephants, buffaloes, and slaves — all these too are bound by relations of debt.

Verse 26 (padma.2.12.26)

गृहीतं न ऋणं तेन आवाभ्यां तु न कस्यचित् । न्यासमेवं न कस्यापि कृतं वै पूर्वजन्मनि

gṛhītaṁ na ṛṇaṁ tena āvābhyāṁ tu na kasyacit nyāsamevaṁ na kasyāpi kṛtaṁ vai pūrvajanmani

No debt has been taken on by him; and between the two of us, none is owed to anyone; likewise no deposit has been misappropriated by either of us in a former life.

Verse 27 (padma.2.12.27)

धारयावो न कस्यापि ऋणं कांत शृणुष्वहि । न वैरमस्ति केनापि पूर्वजन्मनि वै कृतम्

dhārayāvo na kasyāpi ṛṇaṁ kāṁta śṛṇuṣvahi na vairamasti kenāpi pūrvajanmani vai kṛtam

'We hold no debt owed to anyone, my dear — listen to this; nor is there any enmity created by either of us with anyone in a former life.'

Verse 28 (padma.2.12.28)

आवाभ्यां हि न विप्रेंद्र न त्यक्तं हि तथापते । एवं ज्ञात्वा शमं गच्छ त्यज चिंतामनर्थकीम्

āvābhyāṁ hi na vipreṁdra na tyaktaṁ hi tathāpate evaṁ jñātvā śamaṁ gaccha tyaja ciṁtāmanarthakīm

'By us neither, O foremost of brahmins, has anything been taken or abandoned, O lord. Knowing this, attain peace, and abandon this fruitless worry.'

Verse 29 (padma.2.12.29)

कस्य पुत्राः प्रिया भार्या कस्य स्वजनबांधवाः । हृतं न चैव कस्यापि नैव दत्तं त्वया पुनः

kasya putrāḥ priyā bhāryā kasya svajanabāṁdhavāḥ hṛtaṁ na caiva kasyāpi naiva dattaṁ tvayā punaḥ

'Whose, indeed, are sons or a beloved wife? Whose are kinsmen? Nothing has ever been taken from anyone by you, nor has anything ever been given by you either.'

Verse 30 (padma.2.12.30)

कथं हि धनमायाति विस्मयं व्रज माधव । प्राप्तव्यमेव यत्रैव भवेद्द्रव्यं द्विजोत्तम

kathaṁ hi dhanamāyāti vismayaṁ vraja mādhava prāptavyameva yatraiva bhaveddravyaṁ dvijottama

'How, then, does wealth come at all? Marvel at this, O devotee of Madhava! Wealth, wherever it is destined to be obtained, O best of brahmins—'

Verse 31 (padma.2.12.31)

अनायासेन हस्ते हि तस्यैव परिजायते । यत्नेन महता चैव द्रव्यं रक्षति मानवः

anāyāsena haste hi tasyaiva parijāyate yatnena mahatā caiva dravyaṁ rakṣati mānavaḥ

—'comes without effort into that very person's hand. Even with the greatest striving does a man try to guard his wealth—'

Verse 32 (padma.2.12.32)

व्रजमानो व्रजत्येव धनं तत्रैव तिष्ठति । एवं ज्ञात्वा शमं गच्छ जहि चिंतामनर्थकीम्

vrajamāno vrajatyeva dhanaṁ tatraiva tiṣṭhati evaṁ jñātvā śamaṁ gaccha jahi ciṁtāmanarthakīm

—'yet if it is destined to go, it goes; and if destined to remain, it remains right there. Knowing this, attain peace; cast off this fruitless worry.'

Verse 33 (padma.2.12.33)

कस्य पुत्राः प्रिया भार्या कस्य स्वजनबांधवाः । कः कस्य नास्ति संसारे असंबंधाद्द्विजोत्तम

kasya putrāḥ priyā bhāryā kasya svajanabāṁdhavāḥ kaḥ kasya nāsti saṁsāre asaṁbaṁdhāddvijottama

'Whose, indeed, are sons or a beloved wife? Whose are kinsmen? Who indeed belongs to whom in this world, apart from such karmic bonds, O best of brahmins?'

Verse 34 (padma.2.12.34)

महामोहेन संमूढा मानवाः पापचेतसः । इदं गृहमयं पुत्र इमा नार्यो ममैव हि

mahāmohena saṁmūḍhā mānavāḥ pāpacetasaḥ idaṁ gṛhamayaṁ putra imā nāryo mamaiva hi

'Deluded by great illusion, their minds turned to sin, men think: "This is my house, this my son, these women are mine indeed"—'

Verse 35 (padma.2.12.35)

अनृतं दृश्यते कांत संसारस्य हि बंधनम् । एवं संबोधितो देव्या भार्यया प्रियया तदा

anṛtaṁ dṛśyate kāṁta saṁsārasya hi baṁdhanam evaṁ saṁbodhito devyā bhāryayā priyayā tadā

—'but this is seen to be false, my dear; such is the bondage of this world.' Thus instructed by his beloved wife, that goddess-like woman—

Verse 36 (padma.2.12.36)

पुनः प्राह प्रियां भार्यां सुमनां ज्ञानवादिनीम् । सोमशर्मोवाच- सत्यमुक्तं त्वया भद्रे सर्वसंदेहनाशनम्

punaḥ prāha priyāṁ bhāryāṁ sumanāṁ jñānavādinīm somaśarmovāca- satyamuktaṁ tvayā bhadre sarvasaṁdehanāśanam

—Somasharma then spoke again to his beloved wife, that speaker of wisdom, Sumana. Somasharma said: 'True is all that you have spoken, O gracious one, dispelling every doubt.'

Verse 37 (padma.2.12.37)

तथापि वंशमिच्छंति साधवः सत्यपंडिताः । यथा पुत्रस्य मे चिंता धनस्य च तथा प्रिये

tathāpi vaṁśamicchaṁti sādhavaḥ satyapaṁḍitāḥ yathā putrasya me ciṁtā dhanasya ca tathā priye

'Nevertheless, even the righteous and the truly wise desire a lineage. So too, my dear, is my longing for a son, and likewise for wealth.'

Verse 38 (padma.2.12.38)

येनकेनाप्युपायेन पुत्रमुत्पादयाम्यहम् । सुमनोवाच- पुत्रेण लोकाञ्जयति पुत्रस्तारयते कुलम्

yenakenāpyupāyena putramutpādayāmyaham sumanovāca- putreṇa lokāñjayati putrastārayate kulam

'By whatever means, I shall beget a son.' Sumana said: 'Through a son one conquers the worlds; a son delivers the family—'

Verse 39 (padma.2.12.39)

सत्पुत्रेण महाभाग पिता माता च जंतवः । एकः पुत्रो वरो विद्वान्बहुभिर्निर्गुणैस्तु किम्

satputreṇa mahābhāga pitā mātā ca jaṁtavaḥ ekaḥ putro varo vidvānbahubhirnirguṇaistu kim

—'through a good son, O greatly fortunate one, father, mother, and all beings are saved. One learned son is best; what use are many worthless ones?'

Verse 40 (padma.2.12.40)

एकस्तारयते वंशमन्ये संतापकारकाः । पूर्वमेव मया प्रोक्तमन्ये संबंधगामिनः

ekastārayate vaṁśamanye saṁtāpakārakāḥ pūrvameva mayā proktamanye saṁbaṁdhagāminaḥ

'One good son delivers the whole lineage; the others merely cause suffering. As I said before, the others come only through karmic relations.'

Verse 41 (padma.2.12.41)

पुण्येन प्राप्यते पुत्रः पुण्येन प्राप्यते कुलम् । सुगर्भः प्राप्यते पुण्यैस्तस्मात्पुण्यं समाचर

puṇyena prāpyate putraḥ puṇyena prāpyate kulam sugarbhaḥ prāpyate puṇyaistasmātpuṇyaṁ samācara

'Through merit is a son obtained, through merit is a lineage obtained; a good pregnancy is obtained through merit — therefore practice merit.'

Verse 42 (padma.2.12.42)

जातस्य मृतिरेवास्ति जन्म एव मृतस्य च । सुजन्म प्राप्यते पुण्यैर्मरणं तु तथैव च

jātasya mṛtirevāsti janma eva mṛtasya ca sujanma prāpyate puṇyairmaraṇaṁ tu tathaiva ca

'For one who is born, death indeed follows; and for one who has died, birth follows again. A good birth is obtained through merit, and likewise a good death too.'

Verse 43 (padma.2.12.43)

सुखं धनचयः कांत भुज्यते पुण्यकर्मभिः । सोमशर्मोवाच- पुण्यस्याचरणं ब्रूहि तथा जन्मान्यपि प्रिये

sukhaṁ dhanacayaḥ kāṁta bhujyate puṇyakarmabhiḥ somaśarmovāca- puṇyasyācaraṇaṁ brūhi tathā janmānyapi priye

'Happiness and heaps of wealth, my dear, are enjoyed through meritorious deeds.' Somasharma said: 'Tell me the practice of merit, and of good births too, my dear.'

Verse 44 (padma.2.12.44)

सुपुण्यः कीदृशो भद्रे वद पुण्यस्य लक्षणम् । सुमनोवाच- आदौ पुण्यं प्रवक्ष्यामि यथा पुण्यं श्रुतं मया

supuṇyaḥ kīdṛśo bhadre vada puṇyasya lakṣaṇam sumanovāca- ādau puṇyaṁ pravakṣyāmi yathā puṇyaṁ śrutaṁ mayā

'What is a truly meritorious person like, O gracious one? Tell me the mark of merit.' Sumana said: 'First I shall describe merit, just as I have heard it described—'

Verse 45 (padma.2.12.45)

पुरुषो वाथवा नारी यथा नित्यं च वर्तते । यथा पुण्यैः समाप्नोति कीर्तिं पुत्रान्प्रियान्धनम्

puruṣo vāthavā nārī yathā nityaṁ ca vartate yathā puṇyaiḥ samāpnoti kīrtiṁ putrānpriyāndhanam

—'how a man or a woman should conduct themselves constantly, and how, through merit, one obtains fame, beloved sons, and wealth.'

Verse 46 (padma.2.12.46)

पुण्यस्य लक्षणं कांत सर्वमेव वदाम्यहम् । ब्रह्मचर्येण सत्येन मखपंचकवर्तनैः

puṇyasya lakṣaṇaṁ kāṁta sarvameva vadāmyaham brahmacaryeṇa satyena makhapaṁcakavartanaiḥ

'The mark of merit, my dear, I shall now describe fully: through celibacy, through truth, through the practice of the five sacrifices—'

Verse 47 (padma.2.12.47)

दानेन नियमैश्चापि क्षमाशौचेन वल्लभ । अहिंसया सुशक्त्या च अस्तेयेनापि वर्तनैः

dānena niyamaiścāpi kṣamāśaucena vallabha ahiṁsayā suśaktyā ca asteyenāpi vartanaiḥ

—'through giving and through observances too, through forbearance and purity, my beloved; through non-violence, through true strength, and through non-theft—'

Verse 48 (padma.2.12.48)

एतैर्दशभिरंगैस्तु धर्ममेवं प्रपूरयेत् । संपूर्णो जायते धर्मो ग्रासैर्भोगो यथोदरे

etairdaśabhiraṁgaistu dharmamevaṁ prapūrayet saṁpūrṇo jāyate dharmo grāsairbhogo yathodare

—'by these ten limbs, dharma is thus fulfilled; dharma becomes complete just as the belly is filled, mouthful by mouthful.'

Verse 49 (padma.2.12.49)

धर्मं सृजति धर्मात्मा त्रिविधेनैव कर्मणा । तस्य धर्मः प्रसन्नात्मा पुण्यमेवं तु प्रापयेत्

dharmaṁ sṛjati dharmātmā trividhenaiva karmaṇā tasya dharmaḥ prasannātmā puṇyamevaṁ tu prāpayet

'The righteous soul creates dharma through the threefold act, of mind, speech, and deed; pleased by him, dharma thus grants him merit.'

Verse 50 (padma.2.12.50)

यं यं चिंतयते प्राज्ञस्तं तं प्राप्नोति दुर्लभम् । सोमशर्मोवाच- कीदृङ्मूर्तिस्तु धर्मस्य कान्यंगानि च भामिनि

yaṁ yaṁ ciṁtayate prājñastaṁ taṁ prāpnoti durlabham somaśarmovāca- kīdṛṁmūrtistu dharmasya kānyaṁgāni ca bhāmini

'Whatever the wise man thinks of, that very thing, however hard to attain, he obtains.' Somasharma said: 'What is the form of Dharma, and what are his limbs, O lady?'

Verse 51 (padma.2.12.51)

प्रीत्या कथय मे कांते श्रोतुं श्रद्धा प्रवर्तते । सुमनोवाच- लोके धर्मस्य वै मूर्तिः कैर्दृष्टा न द्विजोत्तम

prītyā kathaya me kāṁte śrotuṁ śraddhā pravartate sumanovāca- loke dharmasya vai mūrtiḥ kairdṛṣṭā na dvijottama

'Tell me with love, my dear; my faith is roused to hear it.' Sumana said: 'In this world, who indeed has seen the form of Dharma, O best of brahmins—'

Verse 52 (padma.2.12.52)

अदृश्यवर्त्मा सत्यात्मा न दृष्टो देवदानवैः । अत्रिवंशे समुत्पन्नो अनसूयात्मजो द्विजः

adṛśyavartmā satyātmā na dṛṣṭo devadānavaiḥ atrivaṁśe samutpanno anasūyātmajo dvijaḥ

—'whose ways are unseen, whose soul is truth, who has not been beheld even by gods or danavas? A brahmin born in the lineage of Atri, the son of Anasuya—'

Verse 53 (padma.2.12.53)

तेन दृष्टो महाधर्मो दत्तात्रेयेण वै सदा । द्वावेतौ तु महात्मानौ कुर्वाणौ तप उत्तमम्

tena dṛṣṭo mahādharmo dattātreyeṇa vai sadā dvāvetau tu mahātmānau kurvāṇau tapa uttamam

—'by him, by Dattatreya indeed, was that great Dharma always seen. These two great souls were performing supreme austerity—'

Verse 54 (padma.2.12.54)

धर्मेण वर्तमानौ तौ तपसा च बलेन च । इंद्राधिकेन रूपेण प्रशस्तेन भविष्यतः

dharmeṇa vartamānau tau tapasā ca balena ca iṁdrādhikena rūpeṇa praśastena bhaviṣyataḥ

—'living according to dharma, by austerity and by strength; they were to become, in form, more excellent than even Indra.'

Verse 55 (padma.2.12.55)

दशवर्षसहस्रं तौ यावत्तु वनसंस्थितौ । वायुभक्षौ निराहारौ संजातौ शुभदर्शनौ

daśavarṣasahasraṁ tau yāvattu vanasaṁsthitau vāyubhakṣau nirāhārau saṁjātau śubhadarśanau

'For ten thousand years the two of them dwelt in the forest, subsisting on air alone, taking no food, of auspicious appearance.'

Verse 56 (padma.2.12.56)

दशवर्षसहस्रं तु तावत्कालं तपोर्जितम् । सुसाध्यमानयोश्चैव तत्र धर्मः प्रदृश्यते

daśavarṣasahasraṁ tu tāvatkālaṁ taporjitam susādhyamānayoścaiva tatra dharmaḥ pradṛśyate

'For that span of ten thousand years, austerity was earnestly practiced by the two of them; and there Dharma became manifest.'

Verse 57 (padma.2.12.57)

पंचाग्निः साध्यते द्वाभ्यां तावत्कालं द्विजोत्तम । त्रिकालं साधितं तावन्निराहारं कृतं तथा

paṁcāgniḥ sādhyate dvābhyāṁ tāvatkālaṁ dvijottama trikālaṁ sādhitaṁ tāvannirāhāraṁ kṛtaṁ tathā

'The five-fire austerity was practiced by the two of them for that whole time, O best of brahmins; the thrice-daily rites were performed, and fasting was likewise observed.'

Verse 58 (padma.2.12.58)

जलमध्ये स्थितौ तावद्दत्तात्रेयो यतिस्तथा । दुर्वासास्तु मुनिश्रेष्ठस्तपसा चैव कर्षितः

jalamadhye sthitau tāvaddattātreyo yatistathā durvāsāstu muniśreṣṭhastapasā caiva karṣitaḥ

'Standing in the midst of water, the ascetic Dattatreya, and likewise the foremost sage Durvasa, were both worn thin by their austerity.'

Verse 59 (padma.2.12.59)

धर्मं प्रति स धर्मात्मा चुक्रोध मुनिपुंगवः । क्रुद्धे सति महाभाग तस्मिन्मुनिवरे तदा

dharmaṁ prati sa dharmātmā cukrodha munipuṁgavaḥ kruddhe sati mahābhāga tasminmunivare tadā

That righteous soul, that foremost sage Durvasa, grew angry toward Dharma. When that excellent sage had grown wrathful, O greatly fortunate one—

Verse 60 (padma.2.12.60)

अथ धर्मः समायातः स्वरूपेण च वै तदा । ब्रह्मचर्यादिभिर्युक्तस्तपोभिश्च स बुद्धिमान्

atha dharmaḥ samāyātaḥ svarūpeṇa ca vai tadā brahmacaryādibhiryuktastapobhiśca sa buddhimān

—Dharma then came in his very own form, that wise one, joined with celibacy and the other virtues, and with austerities.

Verse 61 (padma.2.12.61)

सत्यं ब्राह्मणरूपेण ब्रह्मचर्यं तथैव च । तपस्तु द्विजवर्योस्ति दमः प्राज्ञो द्विजोत्तमः

satyaṁ brāhmaṇarūpeṇa brahmacaryaṁ tathaiva ca tapastu dvijavaryosti damaḥ prājño dvijottamaḥ

Truth came in the form of a brahmin, and celibacy likewise; austerity was a most excellent brahmin, and self-control a wise, foremost brahmin.

Verse 62 (padma.2.12.62)

नियमस्तु महाप्राज्ञो दानमेव तथैव च । अग्निहोत्रिस्वरूपेण ह्यात्रेयं हि समागताः

niyamastu mahāprājño dānameva tathaiva ca agnihotrisvarūpeṇa hyātreyaṁ hi samāgatāḥ

Observance came as a greatly wise one, and giving likewise; they came to Atri's son in the very form of fire-sacrificers.

Verse 63 (padma.2.12.63)

क्षमा शांतिस्तथा लज्जा चाहिंसा च ह्यकल्पना । एताः सर्वाः समायाताः स्त्रीरूपास्तु द्विजोत्तम

kṣamā śāṁtistathā lajjā cāhiṁsā ca hyakalpanā etāḥ sarvāḥ samāyātāḥ strīrūpāstu dvijottama

Forbearance, peace, and modesty, non-violence, and freedom from artifice — all these came in the form of women, O best of brahmins.

Verse 64 (padma.2.12.64)

बुद्धिः प्रज्ञा दया श्रद्धा मेधा सत्कृति शांतयः । पंचयज्ञास्तथा पुण्याः सांगा वेदास्तु ते तदा

buddhiḥ prajñā dayā śraddhā medhā satkṛti śāṁtayaḥ paṁcayajñāstathā puṇyāḥ sāṁgā vedāstu te tadā

Intellect, Wisdom, Compassion, Faith, Memory, Good-Conduct, and Peace, and the five sacrifices, meritorious, and the Vedas together with their auxiliary limbs — all these too, then—

Verse 65 (padma.2.12.65)

स्वस्वरूपधराश्चैव ते सर्वे सिद्धिमागताः । अग्न्याधानादयः पुण्या अश्वमेधादयस्तथा

svasvarūpadharāścaiva te sarve siddhimāgatāḥ agnyādhānādayaḥ puṇyā aśvamedhādayastathā

—came, each bearing its own true form, and all attained perfection there; the meritorious rites beginning with the kindling of the sacred fire, and the horse-sacrifice and the rest, likewise—

Verse 66 (padma.2.12.66)

रूपलावण्यसंयुक्ताः सर्वाभरणभूषिताः । दिव्यमाल्यांबरधरा दिव्यगंधानुलेपनाः

rūpalāvaṇyasaṁyuktāḥ sarvābharaṇabhūṣitāḥ divyamālyāṁbaradharā divyagaṁdhānulepanāḥ

—all joined with beauty and grace, adorned with every ornament, wearing divine garlands and garments, anointed with divine fragrances—

Verse 67 (padma.2.12.67)

किरीटकुंडलोपेता दिव्याभरणभूषिताः । दीप्तिमंतः सुरूपास्ते तेजोज्वालाभिरावृताः

kirīṭakuṁḍalopetā divyābharaṇabhūṣitāḥ dīptimaṁtaḥ surūpāste tejojvālābhirāvṛtāḥ

—crowned with diadems and earrings, adorned with divine ornaments, radiant and of beautiful form, wrapped in blazing splendor—

Verse 68 (padma.2.12.68)

एवं धर्मः समायातः परिवारसमन्वितः । यत्र तिष्ठति दुर्वासाः क्रोधनः कालवत्तथा

evaṁ dharmaḥ samāyātaḥ parivārasamanvitaḥ yatra tiṣṭhati durvāsāḥ krodhanaḥ kālavattathā

—thus did Dharma come, accompanied by his whole retinue, to where Durvasa stood, wrathful, terrible as very Time.

Verse 69 (padma.2.12.69)

धर्म उवाच- कस्मात्कोपः कृतो विप्र भवांस्तपस्समन्वितः । क्रोधो हि नाशयेच्छ्रेयस्तप एव न संशयः

dharma uvāca- kasmātkopaḥ kṛto vipra bhavāṁstapassamanvitaḥ krodho hi nāśayecchreyastapa eva na saṁśayaḥ

Dharma said: 'Why have you grown angry, O brahmin, you who are joined with austerity? Anger indeed destroys the good fruit of austerity itself, no doubt of it.'

Verse 70 (padma.2.12.70)

सर्वनाशकरस्तस्मात्क्रोधं तत्र विवर्जयेत् । स्वस्थो भव द्विजश्रेष्ठ उत्कृष्टं तपसः फलम्

sarvanāśakarastasmātkrodhaṁ tatra vivarjayet svastho bhava dvijaśreṣṭha utkṛṣṭaṁ tapasaḥ phalam

'It is the destroyer of everything; therefore one should abandon anger. Be at peace, O best of brahmins — the fruit of austerity is a most excellent thing.'

Verse 71 (padma.2.12.71)

दुर्वासा उवाच- भवान्को हि समायात एतैर्द्विजवरैः सह । सप्त नार्यः प्रतिष्ठंति सुरूपाः समलंकृताः

durvāsā uvāca- bhavānko hi samāyāta etairdvijavaraiḥ saha sapta nāryaḥ pratiṣṭhaṁti surūpāḥ samalaṁkṛtāḥ

Durvasa said: 'Who indeed are you, who have come with these excellent brahmins? Seven women stand here, beautiful and richly adorned—'

Verse 72 (padma.2.12.72)

कथयस्व ममाग्रे त्वं विस्तरेण महामते । धर्म उवाच- अयं ब्राह्मणरूपेण सर्वतेजः समन्वितः

kathayasva mamāgre tvaṁ vistareṇa mahāmate dharma uvāca- ayaṁ brāhmaṇarūpeṇa sarvatejaḥ samanvitaḥ

—'tell me before me, in full, O great-minded one.' Dharma said: 'This one, in the form of a brahmin, joined with every splendor—'

Verse 73 (padma.2.12.73)

दंडहस्तः सुप्रसन्नः कमंडलुधरस्तथा । तवाग्रे ब्रह्मचर्योयं सोयं पश्य समागतः

daṁḍahastaḥ suprasannaḥ kamaṁḍaludharastathā tavāgre brahmacaryoyaṁ soyaṁ paśya samāgataḥ

—'staff in hand, of most gracious mien, bearing a water-vessel — this indeed is Celibacy itself, come before you; behold him here.'

Verse 74 (padma.2.12.74)

अन्यं पश्यस्व वै त्वं च दीप्तिमंतं द्विजोत्तम । कपिलं पिंगलाक्षं च सत्यमेनं द्विजोत्तम

anyaṁ paśyasva vai tvaṁ ca dīptimaṁtaṁ dvijottama kapilaṁ piṁgalākṣaṁ ca satyamenaṁ dvijottama

'Behold another, radiant, O best of brahmins — tawny-hued, with reddish-brown eyes; this is Truth itself, O best of brahmins.'

Verse 75 (padma.2.12.75)

तादृशं पश्य धर्मात्मन्वैश्वदेवसमप्रभम् । यत्तपो हि त्वया विप्र सर्वदेवसमाश्रितम्

tādṛśaṁ paśya dharmātmanvaiśvadevasamaprabham yattapo hi tvayā vipra sarvadevasamāśritam

'Behold that one, O righteous soul, of splendor equal to all the Vaishvadeva gods — this indeed is Austerity, which you, O brahmin, have practiced, resorted to by all the gods.'

Verse 76 (padma.2.12.76)

एतं पश्य महाभाग तव पार्श्वसमागतम् । प्रसन्नवाग्दीप्तियुक्तः सर्वजीवदयापरः

etaṁ paśya mahābhāga tava pārśvasamāgatam prasannavāgdīptiyuktaḥ sarvajīvadayāparaḥ

'Behold this one, O greatly fortunate one, come to your very side, of gracious speech, full of radiance, devoted wholly to compassion for every living being—'

Verse 77 (padma.2.12.77)

दम एव तथायं ते यः पोषयति सर्वदा । जटिलः कर्कशः पिंगो ह्यतितीव्रो महाप्रभुः

dama eva tathāyaṁ te yaḥ poṣayati sarvadā jaṭilaḥ karkaśaḥ piṁgo hyatitīvro mahāprabhuḥ

—'this is your own Self-Control, who ever nourishes you. That one, matted-haired, harsh, tawny, exceedingly severe, a great lord—'

Verse 78 (padma.2.12.78)

नाशको हि स पापानां खड्गहस्तो द्विजोत्तम । अभिशांतो महापुण्यो नित्यक्रियासमन्वितः

nāśako hi sa pāpānāṁ khaḍgahasto dvijottama abhiśāṁto mahāpuṇyo nityakriyāsamanvitaḥ

—'destroyer of sins, sword in hand, O best of brahmins. That other, deeply tranquil, greatly meritorious, joined with every constant rite—'

Verse 79 (padma.2.12.79)

नियमस्तु समायातस्तव पार्श्वे द्विजोत्तम । अनिर्मुक्तो महादीप्तः शुद्धस्फटिकसन्निभः

niyamastu samāyātastava pārśve dvijottama anirmukto mahādīptaḥ śuddhasphaṭikasannibhaḥ

—'is Observance itself, come to your side, O best of brahmins. And that unwavering, greatly radiant one, resembling pure crystal—'

Verse 80 (padma.2.12.80)

पयःकमंडलुकरो दंतकाष्ठधरो द्विजः । शौच एष समायातो भवतः सन्निधाविह

payaḥkamaṁḍalukaro daṁtakāṣṭhadharo dvijaḥ śauca eṣa samāyāto bhavataḥ sannidhāviha

—'a brahmin bearing a water-vessel and a tooth-cleaning twig — this is Purity itself, come here into your presence.'

Verse 81 (padma.2.12.81)

अतिसाध्वी महाभागा सत्यभूषणभूषिता । सर्वभूषणशोभांगी शुश्रूषेयं समागता

atisādhvī mahābhāgā satyabhūṣaṇabhūṣitā sarvabhūṣaṇaśobhāṁgī śuśrūṣeyaṁ samāgatā

'This most virtuous, greatly fortunate one, adorned with the ornament of truth, her limbs graced by every jewel — this is Service, come here.'

Verse 82 (padma.2.12.82)

अतिधीरा प्रसन्नांगी गौरी प्रहसितानना । पद्महस्ता इयं धात्री पद्मनेत्रा सुपद्मिनी

atidhīrā prasannāṁgī gaurī prahasitānanā padmahastā iyaṁ dhātrī padmanetrā supadminī

'Most steadfast, of gracious form, fair, smiling of face, lotus-handed — this is the Nourisher, lotus-eyed, a very lotus-flower.'

Verse 83 (padma.2.12.83)

दिव्यैराभरणैर्युक्ता क्षमा प्राप्ता द्विजोत्तम । अतिशांता सुप्रतिष्ठा बहुमंगलसंयुता

divyairābharaṇairyuktā kṣamā prāptā dvijottama atiśāṁtā supratiṣṭhā bahumaṁgalasaṁyutā

'Joined with divine ornaments — this is Forbearance, come here, O best of brahmins; most peaceful, well-established, joined with abundant auspiciousness.'

Verse 84 (padma.2.12.84)

दिव्यरत्नकृता शोभा दिव्याभरणभूषिता । तव शांतिर्महाप्राज्ञ ज्ञानरूपा समागता

divyaratnakṛtā śobhā divyābharaṇabhūṣitā tava śāṁtirmahāprājña jñānarūpā samāgatā

'Adorned with the splendor of divine jewels, decked with divine ornaments — this is your own Peace, O greatly wise one, come here in the form of knowledge.'

Verse 85 (padma.2.12.85)

परोपकारकरणा बहुसत्यसमाकुला । मितभाषा सदैवासौ अकल्पा ते समागता

paropakārakaraṇā bahusatyasamākulā mitabhāṣā sadaivāsau akalpā te samāgatā

'Ever engaged in helping others, filled with abundant truth, sparing in speech always — this is your own Freedom-from-Artifice, come here.'

Verse 86 (padma.2.12.86)

प्रसन्ना सा क्षमायुक्ता सर्वाभरणभूषिता । पद्मासना सुरूपा सा श्यामवर्णा यशस्विनी

prasannā sā kṣamāyuktā sarvābharaṇabhūṣitā padmāsanā surūpā sā śyāmavarṇā yaśasvinī

Gracious, joined with forbearance, adorned with every ornament, seated upon a lotus, of beautiful form, dark of hue, renowned—

Verse 87 (padma.2.12.87)

अहिंसेयं महाभागा भवंतं तु समागता । तप्तकांचनवर्णांगी रक्तांबरविलासिनी

ahiṁseyaṁ mahābhāgā bhavaṁtaṁ tu samāgatā taptakāṁcanavarṇāṁgī raktāṁbaravilāsinī

—this greatly fortunate one is Non-Violence, come to you. And another, her limbs the hue of molten gold, radiant in red garments—

Verse 88 (padma.2.12.88)

सुप्रसन्ना सुमंत्रा च यत्र तत्र न पश्यति । ज्ञानभावसमाक्रांता पुण्यहस्ता तपस्विनी

suprasannā sumaṁtrā ca yatra tatra na paśyati jñānabhāvasamākrāṁtā puṇyahastā tapasvinī

—most gracious, of excellent counsel, who looks nowhere idly, overcome with the disposition of knowledge, meritorious of hand, an ascetic—

Verse 89 (padma.2.12.89)

मुक्ताभरणशोभाढ्या निर्मला चारुहासिनी । इयं श्रद्धा महाभाग पश्य पश्य समागता

muktābharaṇaśobhāḍhyā nirmalā cāruhāsinī iyaṁ śraddhā mahābhāga paśya paśya samāgatā

—richly adorned with pearl ornaments, spotless, sweetly smiling — this, O greatly fortunate one, is Faith; behold, behold her, come here.

Verse 90 (padma.2.12.90)

बहुबुद्धिसमाक्रांता बहुज्ञानसमाकुला । सुभोगासक्तरूपा सा सुस्थिता चारुमंगला

bahubuddhisamākrāṁtā bahujñānasamākulā subhogāsaktarūpā sā susthitā cārumaṁgalā

Overcome with abundant intellect, filled with abundant knowledge, of a form devoted to true enjoyment, well-established, of lovely auspiciousness—

Verse 91 (padma.2.12.91)

सर्वेष्टध्यानसंयुक्ता लोकमाता यशस्विनी । सर्वाभरणशोभाढ्या पीनश्रोणि पयोधरा

sarveṣṭadhyānasaṁyuktā lokamātā yaśasvinī sarvābharaṇaśobhāḍhyā pīnaśroṇi payodharā

—joined in meditation with every cherished thing, mother of the world, renowned, richly adorned with every ornament, full of hip and breast—

Verse 92 (padma.2.12.92)

गौरवर्णा समायाता माल्यवस्त्रविभूषिता । इयं मेधा महाप्राज्ञ तवैव परिसंस्थिता

gauravarṇā samāyātā mālyavastravibhūṣitā iyaṁ medhā mahāprājña tavaiva parisaṁsthitā

—fair of hue, come here, adorned with garlands and garments — this, O greatly wise one, is Memory, established at your very side.

Verse 93 (padma.2.12.93)

हंसचंद्रप्रतीकाशा मुक्ताहारविलंबिनी । सर्वाभरणसंभूषा सुप्रसन्ना मनस्विनी

haṁsacaṁdrapratīkāśā muktāhāravilaṁbinī sarvābharaṇasaṁbhūṣā suprasannā manasvinī

Resembling a swan or the moon, wearing a pearl necklace hanging low, adorned with every ornament, most gracious, resolute of mind—

Verse 94 (padma.2.12.94)

श्वेतवस्त्रेण संवीता शतपत्रं शयेकृतम् । पुस्तककरा पंकजस्था राजमाना सदैव हि

śvetavastreṇa saṁvītā śatapatraṁ śayekṛtam pustakakarā paṁkajasthā rājamānā sadaiva hi

—clad in white garments, a hundred-petaled lotus made her seat, a book in hand, seated upon a lotus, ever shining forth—

Verse 95 (padma.2.12.95)

एषा प्रज्ञा महाभाग भाग्यवंतं समागता । लाक्षारससमावर्णा सुप्रसन्ना सदैव हि

eṣā prajñā mahābhāga bhāgyavaṁtaṁ samāgatā lākṣārasasamāvarṇā suprasannā sadaiva hi

—this, O greatly fortunate one, is Wisdom, come to the fortunate one. Another, of the hue of lac-dye, ever most gracious—

Verse 96 (padma.2.12.96)

पीतपुष्पकृतामाला हारकेयूरभूषणा । मुद्रिका कंकणोपेता कर्णकुंडलमंडिता

pītapuṣpakṛtāmālā hārakeyūrabhūṣaṇā mudrikā kaṁkaṇopetā karṇakuṁḍalamaṁḍitā

—garlanded with yellow flowers, adorned with necklace and armlets, wearing rings and bracelets, decked with earrings—

Verse 97 (padma.2.12.97)

पीतेन वाससा देवी सदैव परिराजते । त्रैलोक्यस्योपकाराय पोषणायाद्वितीयका

pītena vāsasā devī sadaiva parirājate trailokyasyopakārāya poṣaṇāyādvitīyakā

—that goddess, clad in yellow garments, ever shines forth resplendent, for the benefit of the three worlds, unequalled in nourishing them—

Verse 98 (padma.2.12.98)

यस्याः शीलं द्विजश्रेष्ठ सदैव परिकीर्तितम् । सेयं दया सु संप्राप्ता तव पार्श्वे द्विजोत्तम

yasyāḥ śīlaṁ dvijaśreṣṭha sadaiva parikīrtitam seyaṁ dayā su saṁprāptā tava pārśve dvijottama

—whose virtuous conduct, O best of brahmins, is ever celebrated; this is Compassion, come well to your very side, O best of brahmins.

Verse 99 (padma.2.12.99)

इयं वृद्धा महाप्राज्ञ भावभार्या तपस्विनी । मम माता द्विजश्रेष्ठ धर्मोहं तव सुव्रत

iyaṁ vṛddhā mahāprājña bhāvabhāryā tapasvinī mama mātā dvijaśreṣṭha dharmohaṁ tava suvrata

'This elder one, O greatly wise one, a devoted wife in spirit, an ascetic — she is my own mother, O best of brahmins. I am Dharma, O one of good vows.'

Verse 100 (padma.2.12.100)

इति ज्ञात्वा शमं गच्छ मामेवं परिपालय । दुर्वासा उवाच- यदि धर्मः समायातो मत्समीपं तु सांप्रतम्

iti jñātvā śamaṁ gaccha māmevaṁ paripālaya durvāsā uvāca- yadi dharmaḥ samāyāto matsamīpaṁ tu sāṁpratam

'Knowing this, attain peace; protect me thus.' Durvasa said: 'If Dharma himself has now come here into my presence—'

Verse 101 (padma.2.12.101)

एतन्मे कारणं ब्रूहि किं ते धर्म करोम्यहम् । धर्म उवाच- कस्मात्क्रुद्धोसि विप्रेन्द्र किमेतैर्विप्रियं कृतम्

etanme kāraṇaṁ brūhi kiṁ te dharma karomyaham dharma uvāca- kasmātkruddhosi viprendra kimetairvipriyaṁ kṛtam

—'tell me the reason for this; what shall I do for you, O Dharma?' Dharma said: 'Why are you angry, O foremost of brahmins? What ill has been done to you by these?'

Verse 102 (padma.2.12.102)

तन्मे त्वं कारणं ब्रूहि दुर्वासो यदि मन्यसे । दुर्वासा उवाच- येनाहं कुपितो देव तदिदं कारणं शृणु

tanme tvaṁ kāraṇaṁ brūhi durvāso yadi manyase durvāsā uvāca- yenāhaṁ kupito deva tadidaṁ kāraṇaṁ śṛṇu

'Tell me that reason, if you think fit, O Durvasa.' Durvasa said: 'By what I have grown angry, O lord — hear now that very reason.'

Verse 103 (padma.2.12.103)

दमशौचैः सुसंक्लेशैः शोधितं कायमात्मनः । लक्षवर्षप्रमाणं वै तपश्चर्या मया कृता

damaśaucaiḥ susaṁkleśaiḥ śodhitaṁ kāyamātmanaḥ lakṣavarṣapramāṇaṁ vai tapaścaryā mayā kṛtā

'By self-control and purity, through great hardship, I have purified my own body; austerity has been performed by me for the span of a hundred thousand years.'

Verse 104 (padma.2.12.104)

एवं पश्यसि मामेवं दया तेन प्रवर्तते । तस्मात्क्रुद्धोस्मि तेद्यैव शापमेवं ददाम्यहम्

evaṁ paśyasi māmevaṁ dayā tena pravartate tasmātkruddhosmi tedyaiva śāpamevaṁ dadāmyaham

'Yet you regard me only thus, with mere pity. Therefore I am wroth with you this very day, and thus I pronounce this curse.'

Verse 105 (padma.2.12.105)

एवं श्रुत्वा तदा तस्य तमुवाच महामतिः । धर्म उवाच- मयि नष्टे महाप्राज्ञ लोको नाशं समेष्यति

evaṁ śrutvā tadā tasya tamuvāca mahāmatiḥ dharma uvāca- mayi naṣṭe mahāprājña loko nāśaṁ sameṣyati

Hearing this, that great-minded one then said to him. Dharma said: 'If I am destroyed, O greatly wise one, the world itself shall come to ruin.'

Verse 106 (padma.2.12.106)

दुःखमूलमहं तात निकर्शामि भृशं द्विज । सौख्यं पश्चादहं दद्मि यदि सत्यं न मुंचति

duḥkhamūlamahaṁ tāta nikarśāmi bhṛśaṁ dvija saukhyaṁ paścādahaṁ dadmi yadi satyaṁ na muṁcati

'I am the root of suffering, father; I afflict severely, O brahmin. Happiness I bestow only afterward, if truth is never abandoned.'

Verse 107 (padma.2.12.107)

पापोयं सुखमूलस्तु पुण्यं दुःखेन लभ्यते । पुण्यमेवं प्रकुर्वाणः प्राणी प्राणान्विमुंचति

pāpoyaṁ sukhamūlastu puṇyaṁ duḥkhena labhyate puṇyamevaṁ prakurvāṇaḥ prāṇī prāṇānvimuṁcati

'Sin, in contrast, is the root of pleasure, while merit is obtained only through suffering. Practicing merit thus, a being often gives up his very life in the effort—'

Verse 108 (padma.2.12.108)

महत्सौख्यं ददाम्येवं परत्र च न संशयः । दुर्वासा उवाच- सुखं येनाप्यते तेन परं दुःखं प्रपद्यते

mahatsaukhyaṁ dadāmyevaṁ paratra ca na saṁśayaḥ durvāsā uvāca- sukhaṁ yenāpyate tena paraṁ duḥkhaṁ prapadyate

—'and yet I grant great happiness, and that too in the world beyond, no doubt of it.' Durvasa said: 'By whatever means happiness is obtained, thereby also comes great suffering—'

Verse 109 (padma.2.12.109)

तत्तु मर्त्यः परित्यज्य अन्येनापि प्रभुज्यते । तत्सुखं को विजानाति निश्चयं नैव पश्यति

tattu martyaḥ parityajya anyenāpi prabhujyate tatsukhaṁ ko vijānāti niścayaṁ naiva paśyati

—'and, abandoning it, the mortal finds that happiness enjoyed instead by another! Who indeed truly understands that happiness? One sees no certainty in it at all.'

Verse 110 (padma.2.12.110)

तच्छ्रेयो नैव पश्यामि अन्याय्यं हि कृतं तव । येन कायेन क्रियते भुज्यते नैव तत्सुखम्

tacchreyo naiva paśyāmi anyāyyaṁ hi kṛtaṁ tava yena kāyena kriyate bhujyate naiva tatsukham

'I see no true good in it; what you have wrought is nothing but injustice. The happiness produced by one body is never enjoyed by that same body—'

Verse 111 (padma.2.12.111)

अन्येन क्रियते क्लेशमन्येनापि प्रभुज्यते । तत्सुखं को विजानाति चान्यायं धर्ममेव वा

anyena kriyate kleśamanyenāpi prabhujyate tatsukhaṁ ko vijānāti cānyāyaṁ dharmameva vā

—'the hardship is undertaken by one, yet enjoyed by another. Who indeed truly knows that happiness, or whether it is injustice, or truly dharma?'

Verse 112 (padma.2.12.112)

अन्येन क्रियते क्लेशमन्येनापि सुखं पुनः । भुनक्ति पुरुषो धर्म तत्सर्वं श्रेयसा युतम्

anyena kriyate kleśamanyenāpi sukhaṁ punaḥ bhunakti puruṣo dharma tatsarvaṁ śreyasā yutam

Dharma said: 'Hardship is indeed undertaken by one, and happiness enjoyed again by another; but a man enjoys the dharma of it — all of that is joined with true good.'

Verse 113 (padma.2.12.113)

पुण्यं चैव अनेनापि अनेन फलमश्नुते । क्रियमाणं पुनः पुण्यमन्येन परिभुज्यते

puṇyaṁ caiva anenāpi anena phalamaśnute kriyamāṇaṁ punaḥ puṇyamanyena paribhujyate

'Merit indeed is performed by one, and its fruit enjoyed by another; merit, once again, though performed by one, may be enjoyed fully by a different person.'

Verse 114 (padma.2.12.114)

तत्सर्वं हि सुखं प्रोक्तं यत्तथा यस्य लक्षणम् । धर्मशास्त्रोदितं चैव कृतं सर्वत्र नान्यथा

tatsarvaṁ hi sukhaṁ proktaṁ yattathā yasya lakṣaṇam dharmaśāstroditaṁ caiva kṛtaṁ sarvatra nānyathā

'All that is truly declared to be happiness whose nature is such as this, as declared in the scriptures of dharma, and enacted everywhere, and not otherwise.'

Verse 115 (padma.2.12.115)

येन कायेन कुर्वंति तेन दुःखं सहन्ति ते । परत्र तेन भुंजंति अनेनापि तथैव च

yena kāyena kurvaṁti tena duḥkhaṁ sahanti te paratra tena bhuṁjaṁti anenāpi tathaiva ca

'With whatever body they perform an act, with that same body they endure its suffering; in the world beyond they enjoy its fruit, by that body and likewise by another too.'

Verse 116 (padma.2.12.116)

इति ज्ञात्वा स धर्मात्मा भवान्समवलोकयेत् । यथा चौरा महापापाः स्वकायेन सहंति ते

iti jñātvā sa dharmātmā bhavānsamavalokayet yathā caurā mahāpāpāḥ svakāyena sahaṁti te

'Knowing this, you, O righteous soul, should consider it well — just as great sinners, thieves, endure suffering with their own very body—'

Verse 117 (padma.2.12.117)

दुःखेन दारुणं तीव्रं तथा सुखं कथं नहि । धर्म उवाच- येन कायेन पापाश्च संचरन्ति हि पातकम्

duḥkhena dāruṇaṁ tīvraṁ tathā sukhaṁ kathaṁ nahi dharma uvāca- yena kāyena pāpāśca saṁcaranti hi pātakam

—'through dreadful, intense suffering — why then should happiness not also be so?' Dharma said: 'With whatever body sinners commit their offense—'

Verse 118 (padma.2.12.118)

तेन पीडां सहंत्येव पातकस्य हि तत्फलम् । दंडमेकं परं दृष्टं धर्मशास्त्रेषु पंडितैः

tena pīḍāṁ sahaṁtyeva pātakasya hi tatphalam daṁḍamekaṁ paraṁ dṛṣṭaṁ dharmaśāstreṣu paṁḍitaiḥ

—'with that very body they suffer torment indeed, the fruit of that offense. A single, supreme punishment has been seen by the learned in the scriptures of dharma—'

Verse 119 (padma.2.12.119)

तं धर्मपूर्वकं विद्धि एतैर्न्यायैस्त्वमेव हि । दुर्वासा उवाच- एवं न्यायं न मन्येहं तथैव शृणु धर्मराट्

taṁ dharmapūrvakaṁ viddhi etairnyāyaistvameva hi durvāsā uvāca- evaṁ nyāyaṁ na manyehaṁ tathaiva śṛṇu dharmarāṭ

—'know it to be founded upon dharma, by these very principles, yourself.' Durvasa said: 'I do not accept this reasoning; hear then, O king of Dharma—'

Verse 120 (padma.2.12.120)

शापत्रयं प्रदास्यामि क्रुद्धोहं तव नान्यथा । धर्म उवाच- यदा क्रुद्धो महाप्राज्ञ मामेव हि क्षमस्व च

śāpatrayaṁ pradāsyāmi kruddhohaṁ tava nānyathā dharma uvāca- yadā kruddho mahāprājña māmeva hi kṣamasva ca

—'I shall pronounce a threefold curse upon you; I am wrathful, and no other course remains.' Dharma said: 'Since you are angry, O greatly wise one, forgive me indeed—'

Verse 121 (padma.2.12.121)

नैव क्षमसि विप्रेंद्र दासीपुत्रं हि मां कुरु । राजानं तु प्रकर्तव्यं चांडालं च महामुने

naiva kṣamasi vipreṁdra dāsīputraṁ hi māṁ kuru rājānaṁ tu prakartavyaṁ cāṁḍālaṁ ca mahāmune

—'you do not forgive me, O foremost of brahmins; then make me the son of a slave-woman. Make me a king too, and a Chandala also, O great sage—'

Verse 122 (padma.2.12.122)

प्रसादसुमुखो विप्र प्रणतस्य सदैव हि । दुर्वासाश्च ततः क्रुद्धो धर्मं चैव शशाप ह

prasādasumukho vipra praṇatasya sadaiva hi durvāsāśca tataḥ kruddho dharmaṁ caiva śaśāpa ha

—'O brahmin, be graciously disposed ever toward one who bows before you.' But Durvasa, still wrathful, then cursed Dharma indeed.

Verse 123 (padma.2.12.123)

दुर्वासा उवाच-। राजा भव त्वं धर्माद्य दासीपुत्रश्च नान्यथा । गच्छ चांडालयोनिं च धर्म त्वं स्वेच्छया व्रज

durvāsā uvāca- rājā bhava tvaṁ dharmādya dāsīputraśca nānyathā gaccha cāṁḍālayoniṁ ca dharma tvaṁ svecchayā vraja

Durvasa said: 'Become a king, O Dharma, this very day, and the son of a slave-woman, and no other way; go too into a Chandala's womb, O Dharma — go, of your own will.'

Verse 124 (padma.2.12.124)

एवं शापत्रयं दत्त्वा गतोसौ द्विजसत्तमः । अनेनापि प्रसंगेन दृष्टो धर्मः पुरा किल

evaṁ śāpatrayaṁ dattvā gatosau dvijasattamaḥ anenāpi prasaṁgena dṛṣṭo dharmaḥ purā kila

Having thus pronounced the threefold curse, that worthy brahmin departed. By this very occasion, indeed, was Dharma seen of old.

Verse 125 (padma.2.12.125)

सोमशर्मोवाच-। धर्मस्तु कीदृशो जातस्तेन शप्तो महात्मना । तद्रूपं तस्य मे ब्रूहि यदि जानासि भामिनि

somaśarmovāca- dharmastu kīdṛśo jātastena śapto mahātmanā tadrūpaṁ tasya me brūhi yadi jānāsi bhāmini

Somasharma said: 'What indeed became of Dharma, cursed thus by that great soul? Tell me his form, if you know it, O lady.'

Verse 126 (padma.2.12.126)

सुमनोवाच-। भरतानां कुले जातो धर्मो भूत्वा युधिष्ठिरः । विदुरो दासीपुत्रस्तु अन्यं चैव वदाम्यहम्

sumanovāca- bharatānāṁ kule jāto dharmo bhūtvā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ viduro dāsīputrastu anyaṁ caiva vadāmyaham

Sumana said: 'Born in the lineage of the Bharatas, Dharma became Yudhishthira; and as the son of a slave-woman he became Vidura. I shall tell you of the other form too.'

Verse 127 (padma.2.12.127)

यदा राजा हरिश्चंद्रो विश्वामित्रेण कर्षितः । तदा चांडालतां प्राप्तः स हि धर्मो महामतिः

yadā rājā hariścaṁdro viśvāmitreṇa karṣitaḥ tadā cāṁḍālatāṁ prāptaḥ sa hi dharmo mahāmatiḥ

'When King Harishchandra was sorely tested by Vishvamitra, then that Dharma, of great mind, took on the state of a Chandala.'

Verse 128 (padma.2.12.128)

एवं कर्मफलं भुक्तं धर्मेणापि महात्मना । दुर्वाससो हि शापाद्वै सत्यमुक्तं तवाग्रतः

evaṁ karmaphalaṁ bhuktaṁ dharmeṇāpi mahātmanā durvāsaso hi śāpādvai satyamuktaṁ tavāgrataḥ

'Thus was the fruit of that deed endured even by the great soul Dharma, through the curse of Durvasa; the truth has been told before you.'