Baudhayana Shulba Sutra

अथेमेऽग्निचयाः

atheme'gnicayāḥ

Now, these are the fire-altar constructions.

तेषां भूमेः परिमाणविहारान्व्याख्यास्यामः

teṣāṁ bhūmeḥ parimāṇavihārānvyākhyāsyāmaḥ

We shall explain the measurements of their area and the methods of laying them out.

अथाङ्गुलप्रमाणं चतुर्दशाणवः चतुस्त्रिंशत्तिलाः पृथुसंश्लिष्टा इत्यपरम् । दशाङ्गुलं क्षुद्रपदम् । द्वादश प्रादेशः । पृथोत्तरयुगे त्रयोदशिके । पदं पञ्चदश । अष्टाशीतिशतमीषा । चतुःशतमक्षः । षडशीतिर्युगम् । द्वात्रिंशज्जानुः । षट्त्रिंशच्छम्याबाहू । द्विपदः प्रक्रमः । द्वौ प्रादेशावरत्निः । अथाप्युदाहरन्ति पदे युगे प्रक्रमेऽरत्नावियति शम्यायां च मानार्थेषु याथाकामीति । पञ्चारत्निः पुरुषो व्यामश्च । चतुररत्निर्व्यायामः

athāṅgulapramāṇaṁ caturdaśāṇavaḥ catustriṁśattilāḥ pṛthusaṁśliṣṭā ityaparam | daśāṅgulaṁ kṣudrapadam | dvādaśa prādeśaḥ | pṛthottarayuge trayodaśike | padaṁ pañcadaśa | aṣṭāśītiśatamīṣā | catuḥśatamakṣaḥ | ṣaḍaśītiryugam | dvātriṁśajjānuḥ | ṣaṭtriṁśacchamyābāhū | dvipadaḥ prakramaḥ | dvau prādeśāvaratniḥ | athāpyudāharanti pade yuge prakrame'ratnāviyati śamyāyāṁ ca mānārtheṣu yāthākāmīti | pañcāratniḥ puruṣo vyāmaśca | caturaratnirvyāyāmaḥ

Now the measure of the aṅgula (finger-digit): fourteen grains of millet laid side by side, or by another reckoning, thirty-four sesame seeds placed broadwise and touching. Ten aṅgulas make one small pada (foot); twelve make a prādeśa (span) — in the wider yoke-context it is reckoned as thirteen. A pada is fifteen aṅgulas. The yoke-pole (īṣā) is a hundred and eighty-eight aṅgulas; the axle (akṣa) a hundred and four; the yoke (yuga) eighty-six; the knee (jānu) thirty-two; the pin and the arm (śamyā and bāhu) thirty-six each. Two padas make a prakrama (pace). Two prādeśas make an aratni (cubit). It is also taught that for the pada, the yuga, the prakrama, the aratni, and the śamyā, the measure may be taken freely according to the purpose. Five aratnis make a puruṣa (a man's height) and also a vyāma (an arm-span); four aratnis make a vyāyāma (a stretch).

चतुरश्रं चिकीर्षन्यावच्चिकीर्षेत्तावतीं रज्जुमुभयतः पाशां कृत्वा मध्ये लक्षणं करोति । लेखामालिख्य तस्या मध्ये शङ्कुं निहन्यात् । तस्मिन्पाशौ प्रतिमुच्य लक्षणेन मण्डलं परिलिखेत् । विष्कम्भान्तयोः शङ्कू निहन्यात् । पूर्वस्मिन्पाशं प्रतिमुच्य पाशेन मण्डलं परिलिखेत् । एवमपरस्मिंस्ते यत्र समेयातां तेन द्वितीयं विष्कम्भमायच्छेत् । विष्कम्भान्तयोः शङ्कू निहन्यात् । पूर्वस्मिन्पाशौ प्रतिमुच्य लक्षणेन मण्डलं परिलिखेत् । एवं दक्षिणत एवं पश्चादेवमुत्तरतस्तेषां येऽन्त्याः संसर्गास्तच्चतुरश्रं संपद्यते

caturaśraṁ cikīrṣanyāvaccikīrṣettāvatīṁ rajjumubhayataḥ pāśāṁ kṛtvā madhye lakṣaṇaṁ karoti | lekhāmālikhya tasyā madhye śaṅkuṁ nihanyāt | tasminpāśau pratimucya lakṣaṇena maṇḍalaṁ parilikhet | viṣkambhāntayoḥ śaṅkū nihanyāt | pūrvasminpāśaṁ pratimucya pāśena maṇḍalaṁ parilikhet | evamaparasmiṁste yatra sameyātāṁ tena dvitīyaṁ viṣkambhamāyacchet | viṣkambhāntayoḥ śaṅkū nihanyāt | pūrvasminpāśau pratimucya lakṣaṇena maṇḍalaṁ parilikhet | evaṁ dakṣiṇata evaṁ paścādevamuttaratasteṣāṁ ye'ntyāḥ saṁsargāstaccaturaśraṁ saṁpadyate

One who wishes to construct a square should take a cord as long as the square is to be, form a loop at each end, and mark its middle. Having drawn a line, one should drive a peg at its middle. Passing the loops over that peg, one should draw a circle from the mark. Pegs should be driven at the two ends of the diameter. Having fastened a loop at the eastern peg, one should draw a circle with the loop. Doing likewise on the other side, wherever the two circles meet, one should take a second diameter through that point. Pegs should be driven at the ends of that diameter too, and circles drawn as before, so also to the south, so to the west, so to the north. The final points where these intersect, when joined, yield the square.

अथापरम् । प्रमाणाद्द्विगुणां रज्जुमुभयतः पाशां कृत्वा मध्ये लक्षणं करोति । स प्राच्यर्थः । अपरस्मिन्नर्धे चतुर्भागोने लक्षणं करोति । तन्न्यञ्चनम् । अर्धेंऽसार्थं । पृष्ठ्यान्तयोः पाशौ प्रतिमुच्य न्यञ्चनेन दक्षिणापायम्यार्धेन श्रोण्यंसान्निर्हरेत्

athāparam | pramāṇāddviguṇāṁ rajjumubhayataḥ pāśāṁ kṛtvā madhye lakṣaṇaṁ karoti | sa prācyarthaḥ | aparasminnardhe caturbhāgone lakṣaṇaṁ karoti | tannyañcanam | ardheṁ'sārthaṁ | pṛṣṭhyāntayoḥ pāśau pratimucya nyañcanena dakṣiṇāpāyamyārdhena śroṇyaṁsānnirharet

Now another method. Taking a cord twice the required length, with a loop at each end, one should mark its middle — that is the eastern end-point. On the other half, marking a point short by a quarter of the section, one should make a mark; that is called the nā̀ca (the downward bend), meant for the desired shoulder-point. Fastening the loops at the two ends of the back-line, and drawing from the nā̀ca-mark southward to the mark, one should bring out the corners of the hip and the shoulder.

दीर्घचतुरश्रं चिकीर्षन्यावच्चिकीर्षे त्तावत्यां भूम्यां द्वौ शङ्कू निहन्यात् । द्वौ द्वावेकैकमभितः समौ । यावती तिर्यङ्मानी तावतीं रज्जुमुभयतः पाशां कृत्वा मध्ये लक्षणं करोति । पूर्वेषामन्त्ययोः पाशौ प्रतिमुच्य लक्षणेन दक्षिणापायम्य लक्षणे लक्षणं करोति । मध्यमे पाशौ प्रतिमुच्य लक्षणस्योपरिष्टाद्दक्षिणापायम्य लक्षणे शङ्कुं निहन्यात् । सॐऽस एतेनोत्तरॐऽसो व्याख्यातस्तथा श्रोणी

dīrghacaturaśraṁ cikīrṣanyāvaccikīrṣe ttāvatyāṁ bhūmyāṁ dvau śaṅkū nihanyāt | dvau dvāvekaikamabhitaḥ samau | yāvatī tiryaṅmānī tāvatīṁ rajjumubhayataḥ pāśāṁ kṛtvā madhye lakṣaṇaṁ karoti | pūrveṣāmantyayoḥ pāśau pratimucya lakṣaṇena dakṣiṇāpāyamya lakṣaṇe lakṣaṇaṁ karoti | madhyame pāśau pratimucya lakṣaṇasyopariṣṭāddakṣiṇāpāyamya lakṣaṇe śaṅkuṁ nihanyāt | saoṁ'sa etenottaraoṁ'so vyākhyātastathā śroṇī

One who wishes to make an oblong (dīrgha-caturaśra) should drive two pegs on the ground, one on each side, equally spaced, where it is to be built. Taking a cord as long as the cross-measure (width) is to be, with a loop at each end, one should mark its middle. Fastening the loops at the ends of the two eastern pegs, and drawing the mark southward, one should make a mark there. Fastening the middle loop, and drawing it southward past the mark, one should drive a peg at that mark. That is the shoulder; by this the other (northern) shoulder is explained likewise, and so the two hip-corners.

Note: The source wikitext prints the syllable ॐ (oṁ, the sacred OM glyph) twice in this sutra ('saॐ'sa ... uttaroॐ'so'), where the grammar and sense clearly call for so'ṃsaḥ / uttaro'ṃso ('that is the shoulder' / 'the other shoulder'). This looks like a digitization artifact (likely an OCR or transcription substitution of ॐ for the expected o+anusvāra ligature) rather than an intentional invocation of Om in the middle of a construction sutra. The Devanagari is preserved exactly as published on Wikisource; the transliteration renders ॐ literally as 'oṁ'; the translation follows the contextually sensible reading (aṃsa, 'shoulder').

यत्र पुरस्तादंहीयसीं मिनुयात्तत्र तदर्धे लक्षणं करोति

yatra purastādaṁhīyasīṁ minuyāttatra tadardhe lakṣaṇaṁ karoti

Where, in front, a measurement comes out too narrow, one should place the mark at half that amount.

अथापरम् । प्रमाणादध्यर्धां रज्जुमुभयतः पाशां कृत्वापरस्मिंस्तृतीये षड्भागोने लक्षणं करोति । तन्न्यञ्छनम् । इष्टेंऽसार्थम् । पृष्ठ्यान्तयोः पाशौ प्रतिमुच्य न्यञ्छनेन दक्षिणापायम्येष्टेन श्रोण्यंसान्निर्हरेत्

athāparam | pramāṇādadhyardhāṁ rajjumubhayataḥ pāśāṁ kṛtvāparasmiṁstṛtīye ṣaḍbhāgone lakṣaṇaṁ karoti | tannyañchanam | iṣṭeṁ'sārtham | pṛṣṭhyāntayoḥ pāśau pratimucya nyañchanena dakṣiṇāpāyamyeṣṭena śroṇyaṁsānnirharet

Now another method. Taking a cord one and a half times the measure, with a loop at each end, one should mark, on the other section, a point short by one-sixth of the third — that mark is called the nyañchana, meant for the desired shoulder-point. Fastening the loops at the two ends of the back-line, and drawing from the nyañchana southward to the desired point, one should bring out the corners of the shoulder and the hip.

समचतुरश्रस्याक्ष्णयारज्जुर्द्विस्तावतीं भूमिं करोति

samacaturaśrasyākṣṇayārajjurdvistāvatīṁ bhūmiṁ karoti

The diagonal cord of a square (sama-caturaśra) makes an area twice as great.

प्रमाणं तिर्यग्द्विकरण्यायामस्तस्याक्ष्णयारज्जुस्त्रिकरणी

pramāṇaṁ tiryagdvikaraṇyāyāmastasyākṣṇayārajjustrikaraṇī

The measure that is, crosswise, twice a karaṇī (a side-generating cord) — its diagonal cord is three karaṇīs.

तृतीयकरण्येतेन व्याख्याता नवमस्तु भूमेर्भागो भवतीति

tṛtīyakaraṇyetena vyākhyātā navamastu bhūmerbhāgo bhavatīti

By this the third karaṇī too is explained; but a ninth part of it is the (original) portion of ground.

दीर्घचतुरश्रस्याक्ष्णयारज्जुः पार्श्वमानी तिर्यङ्मानी च यत्पृथग्भूते कुरुतस्तदुभयं करोति

dīrghacaturaśrasyākṣṇayārajjuḥ pārśvamānī tiryaṅmānī ca yatpṛthagbhūte kurutastadubhayaṁ karoti

The diagonal cord of an oblong (dīrgha-caturaśra) produces, together, what the length-cord and the breadth-cord produce separately.

Note: This is the single most historically significant passage in the text: an early general statement of what is now called the Pythagorean theorem (the square on the diagonal of a rectangle equals the sum of the squares on its two sides), predating the earliest surviving Greek formulations.

तासां त्रिकचतुस्कयोर्द्वादशिकपञ्चिकयोः पञ्चदशिकाष्टिकयोः सप्तिकचतुर्विंशिकयोर्द्वादशिकपञ्चत्रिंशिकयोः पञ्चदशिकषट्त्रिंशिकयोरित्येतासूपलब्धिः

tāsāṁ trikacatuskayordvādaśikapañcikayoḥ pañcadaśikāṣṭikayoḥ saptikacaturviṁśikayordvādaśikapañcatriṁśikayoḥ pañcadaśikaṣaṭtriṁśikayorityetāsūpalabdhiḥ

This is observed in these pairs: three and four; twelve and five; fifteen and eight; seven and twenty-four; twelve and thirty-five; fifteen and thirty-six.

Note: A list of integer side-pairs (Pythagorean triples, alongside their implicit hypotenuse) illustrating the diagonal-rule of 1.12 — e.g. 3-4-5, 5-12-13, 8-15-17, 7-24-25, 12-35-37, 15-36-39.

नानाचतुरश्रे समस्यन्कनीयसः करण्या वर्षीयसो वृध्रमुल्लिखेत् । वृध्रस्याक्ष्णयारज्जुः समस्तयोः पार्श्वमानी भवति

nānācaturaśre samasyankanīyasaḥ karaṇyā varṣīyaso vṛdhramullikhet | vṛdhrasyākṣṇayārajjuḥ samastayoḥ pārśvamānī bhavati

When combining squares of different sizes, one should mark off, on the larger, its excess (vṛdhra) by the side-cord (karaṇī) of the smaller. The diagonal cord of that excess piece becomes the side-measure of the square equal to both combined.

चतुरश्राच्चतुरश्रं निर्जिहीर्षन्यावन्निर्जिहीर्षेत्तस्य करण्या वर्षीयसो वृध्रमुल्लिखेत् । वृध्रस्य पार्श्वमानीमक्ष्णयेतरत्पार्श्वमुपसंहरेत् । सा यत्र निपतेत्तदपच्छिन्द्यात् । छिन्नया निरस्तम्

caturaśrāccaturaśraṁ nirjihīrṣanyāvannirjihīrṣettasya karaṇyā varṣīyaso vṛdhramullikhet | vṛdhrasya pārśvamānīmakṣṇayetaratpārśvamupasaṁharet | sā yatra nipatettadapacchindyāt | chinnayā nirastam

One who wishes to subtract one square from another should mark off, by the side-cord of the square to be subtracted, the excess on the larger. The side-measure of that excess, taken diagonally, should be carried to meet the other side. Where it falls, that should be cut off. By the piece so cut, the subtraction is accomplished.

समचतुरश्रं दीर्घचतुरश्रं चिकीर्षंस्तदक्ष्णयापच्छिद्य भागं द्वेधा विभज्य पार्श्वयोरुपदध्याद्यथायोगम्

samacaturaśraṁ dīrghacaturaśraṁ cikīrṣaṁstadakṣṇayāpacchidya bhāgaṁ dvedhā vibhajya pārśvayorupadadhyādyathāyogam

One who wishes to turn a square into an oblong should cut it diagonally, divide that portion in two, and fit the two pieces onto the two sides as appropriate.

अपि वै तस्मिंश्चतुरश्रं समस्य तस्य करण्यापच्छिद्य यदतिशिष्यते तदितरत्रोपदध्यात्

api vai tasmiṁścaturaśraṁ samasya tasya karaṇyāpacchidya yadatiśiṣyate taditaratropadadhyāt

Or else, having added a square to it, and cut it off by that square's side-cord, whatever remains in excess should be placed elsewhere.

दीर्घचतुरश्रं समचतुरश्रं चिकीर्षंस्तिर्यङ्मानीं करणीं कृत्वा शेषं द्वेधा विभज्य पार्श्वयोरुपदध्यात् । खण्डमावापेन तत्संपूरयेत् । तस्य निर्हार उक्तः

dīrghacaturaśraṁ samacaturaśraṁ cikīrṣaṁstiryaṅmānīṁ karaṇīṁ kṛtvā śeṣaṁ dvedhā vibhajya pārśvayorupadadhyāt | khaṇḍamāvāpena tatsaṁpūrayet | tasya nirhāra uktaḥ

One who wishes to turn an oblong into a square should turn its breadth-measure into a side-cord (karaṇī), divide the remainder in two, and fit it onto the two sides. Whatever gap remains should be filled with an inserted piece; the removal of the surplus has already been stated.

चतुरश्रमेकतोऽणिमच्चिकीर्षन्नणिमतः करणीं तिर्यङ्मानीं कृत्वा शेषमक्ष्णया विभज्य विपर्यस्येतरत्रोपदध्यात्

caturaśramekato'ṇimaccikīrṣannaṇimataḥ karaṇīṁ tiryaṅmānīṁ kṛtvā śeṣamakṣṇayā vibhajya viparyasyetaratropadadhyāt

One who wishes to reduce a square on one side should turn the side of the smaller portion into a cross-wise karaṇī, divide the remainder diagonally, reverse it, and fit it onto the other side.

चतुरश्रं प्रौगं चिकीर्षन्यावच्चिकीर्षेद्द्विस्तावतीं भूमिं समचतुरश्रां कृत्वा पूर्वस्याः करण्याः मध्ये शङ्कुं निहन्यात् । तस्मिन्पाशौ प्रतिमुच्य दक्षिणोत्तरयोः श्रोण्योर्निपातयेत् । बहिस्पन्द्यमपच्छिन्द्यात्

caturaśraṁ praugaṁ cikīrṣanyāvaccikīrṣeddvistāvatīṁ bhūmiṁ samacaturaśrāṁ kṛtvā pūrvasyāḥ karaṇyāḥ madhye śaṅkuṁ nihanyāt | tasminpāśau pratimucya dakṣiṇottarayoḥ śroṇyornipātayet | bahispandyamapacchindyāt

One who wishes to turn a square into a prauga (a prow-shaped altar) should make a square of twice the intended area, drive a peg at the middle of its former side-cord, fasten a loop to it, and let it fall at the southern and northern hip-corners. The outer excess (spandya) should be cut away.

चतुरश्रमुभयतः प्रौगं चिकीर्षन्यावच्चिकीर्षेद्द्विस्तावतीं भूमिं दीर्घचतुरश्रां कृत्वा पूर्वस्याः करण्याः मध्ये शङ्कुं निहन्यात् । तस्मिन्पाशौ प्रतिमुच्य दक्षिणोत्तरयोर्मध्यदेशयोर्निपातयेत् । बहिःस्पन्द्यमपच्छिन्द्यात् । एतेनापरं प्रौगं व्याख्यातम्

caturaśramubhayataḥ praugaṁ cikīrṣanyāvaccikīrṣeddvistāvatīṁ bhūmiṁ dīrghacaturaśrāṁ kṛtvā pūrvasyāḥ karaṇyāḥ madhye śaṅkuṁ nihanyāt | tasminpāśau pratimucya dakṣiṇottarayormadhyadeśayornipātayet | bahiḥspandyamapacchindyāt | etenāparaṁ praugaṁ vyākhyātam

One who wishes to turn a square into a double-sided prauga should make an oblong of twice the intended area, drive a peg at the middle of its former side-cord, fasten a loop to it, and let it fall at the middle points of the south and the north. The outer excess should be cut away. By this the other prauga-shape too is explained.

चतुरश्रं मण्डलं चिकीर्षन्नक्ष्णयार्धं मध्यात्प्राचीमभ्यापातयेत् । यदतिशिष्यते तस्य सह तृतीयेन मण्डलं परिलिखेत्

caturaśraṁ maṇḍalaṁ cikīrṣannakṣṇayārdhaṁ madhyātprācīmabhyāpātayet | yadatiśiṣyate tasya saha tṛtīyena maṇḍalaṁ parilikhet

One who wishes to turn a square into a circle should extend half the diagonal from the centre toward the east. With that plus a third of what remains in excess (beyond half the side), the circle should be drawn.

Note: This is Baudhayana's approximate circling-of-the-square construction: radius = half the side + one third of the difference between half the diagonal and half the side.

मण्डलं चतुरश्रं चिकीर्षन्विष्कम्भमष्टौ भागान्कृत्वा भागमेकोनत्रिंशधा विभज्याष्टाविंशतिभागानुद्धरेत् । भागस्य च षष्ठमष्टमभागोनम्

maṇḍalaṁ caturaśraṁ cikīrṣanviṣkambhamaṣṭau bhāgānkṛtvā bhāgamekonatriṁśadhā vibhajyāṣṭāviṁśatibhāgānuddharet | bhāgasya ca ṣaṣṭhamaṣṭamabhāgonam

One who wishes to turn a circle into a square should divide the diameter into eight parts, and one part into twenty-nine parts, of which one should take twenty-eight; and further, a sixth of that part, less an eighth of that sixth.

Note: Baudhayana's famous approximate squaring-of-the-circle construction, giving the side of the square in terms of the diameter (an early approximation equivalent to a value of pi close to 3.088).

अपि वा पञ्चदशभागान्कृत्वा द्वावुद्धरेत् । सैषानित्या चतुरश्रकरणी

api vā pañcadaśabhāgānkṛtvā dvāvuddharet | saiṣānityā caturaśrakaraṇī

Or else, having made fifteen parts, remove two of them. This is the constant (practical) rule for producing the square.

प्रमाणं तृतीयेन वर्धयेत्तच्च चतुर्थेनात्मचतुस्त्रिंशोनेन । सविशेषः

pramāṇaṁ tṛtīyena vardhayettacca caturthenātmacatustriṁśonena | saviśeṣaḥ

One should increase the measure by its third, and that third again by its fourth, less a thirty-fourth part of that fourth. This gives the more precise (result).

Note: Baudhayana's celebrated approximation of the square root of two: 1 + 1/3 + 1/(3×4) − 1/(3×4×34), accurate to five decimal places.

अथाग्न्याधेयिके विहारे गार्हपत्यादाहवनीयस्यायतनम् । विज्ञायतेऽष्टषु प्रक्रमेषु ब्राह्मणोऽग्निमादधीतैकादशसु राजन्यो द्वादशसु वैश्य इति

athāgnyādheyike vihāre gārhapatyādāhavanīyasyāyatanam | vijñāyate'ṣṭaṣu prakrameṣu brāhmaṇo'gnimādadhītaikādaśasu rājanyo dvādaśasu vaiśya iti

Now, in the layout of the agnyādheya (fire-establishment), the distance of the āhavanīya from the gārhapatya is given. It is taught that a brahmin should establish the fire at eight paces (prakramas), a kshatriya at eleven, and a vaishya at twelve.

आयामतृतीयेन त्रीणि चतुरश्राण्यनूचीनानि कारयेत् । अपरस्योत्तरस्यां श्रोण्यां गार्हपत्यः । तस्यैव दक्षिणेंऽसेऽन्वाहार्यपचनः पूर्वस्योत्तरेंऽस आहवनीयः

āyāmatṛtīyena trīṇi caturaśrāṇyanūcīnāni kārayet | aparasyottarasyāṁ śroṇyāṁ gārhapatyaḥ | tasyaiva dakṣiṇeṁ'se'nvāhāryapacanaḥ pūrvasyottareṁ'sa āhavanīyaḥ

Dividing the length into three, one should make three squares running north-south. On the northern hip-corner of the last (western) square is the gārhapatya fire; on the southern shoulder of that same square is the anvāhāryapacana (the southern fire); on the northern shoulder of the first (eastern) square is the āhavanīya.

अपि वा गार्हपत्याहवनीययोरन्तरालं पञ्चधा षोढा वा संभुज्य षष्ठं सप्तमं वा भागमागन्तुकमुपसमस्य समं त्रैधं विभज्य पूर्वस्मादन्ताद् द्वयोर्भागयोर्लक्षणं करोति । गार्हपत्याहवनीययोरन्तौ नियम्य लक्षणेन दक्षिणापायम्य लक्षणे शङ्कुं निहन्ति । तद्दक्षिणाग्नेरायतनं भवति

api vā gārhapatyāhavanīyayorantarālaṁ pañcadhā ṣoḍhā vā saṁbhujya ṣaṣṭhaṁ saptamaṁ vā bhāgamāgantukamupasamasya samaṁ traidhaṁ vibhajya pūrvasmādantād dvayorbhāgayorlakṣaṇaṁ karoti | gārhapatyāhavanīyayorantau niyamya lakṣaṇena dakṣiṇāpāyamya lakṣaṇe śaṅkuṁ nihanti | taddakṣiṇāgnerāyatanaṁ bhavati

Or else, having divided the interval between the gārhapatya and the āhavanīya into five or six parts, and adding an extra sixth or seventh part, one should divide the whole evenly into three. A mark should be made at two parts from the eastern end. Having fixed the ends of the gārhapatya and the āhavanīya, and drawn southward from the mark to a second mark, one drives a peg at that mark. That is the site of the southern fire.

अपि वा प्रमाणं पञ्चमेन वर्धयेत् । तत्सर्वं पञ्चधा संभुज्यापरस्मादन्ताद्द्वयोर्भागयोर्लक्षणं करोति । पृष्ठ्यान्तयोः पाशौ प्रतिमुच्य लक्षणेन दक्षिणापायम्य लक्षणे शङ्कुं निहन्ति । तद्दक्षि णाग्नेरायतनं भवति

api vā pramāṇaṁ pañcamena vardhayet | tatsarvaṁ pañcadhā saṁbhujyāparasmādantāddvayorbhāgayorlakṣaṇaṁ karoti | pṛṣṭhyāntayoḥ pāśau pratimucya lakṣaṇena dakṣiṇāpāyamya lakṣaṇe śaṅkuṁ nihanti | taddakṣi ṇāgnerāyatanaṁ bhavati

Or else, one should increase the measure by a fifth part. Dividing that whole into five, one should make a mark at two parts from the western end. Fastening loops at the two ends of the back-line, and drawing southward from the mark to a second mark, one drives a peg at that mark. That is the site of the southern fire.

विपर्यस्तैतेनोत्करो व्याख्यातः

viparyastaitenotkaro vyākhyātaḥ

By reversing this same method, the utkara (the mound for the sweepings) is explained.

अपरेनाहवनीयं यजमानमात्री भवतीति दर्शपौर्णमासिकाया वेदेर्विज्ञायते

aparenāhavanīyaṁ yajamānamātrī bhavatīti darśapaurṇamāsikāyā vedervijñāyate

It is taught, regarding the altar (vedi) of the New- and Full-Moon sacrifices, that west of the āhavanīya it is of the measure of the sacrificer's own height.

तस्यास्त्रिभागोनं पश्चात्तिरश्ची । तस्या एवार्धं पुरस्तात्तिरश्ची । एवं दीर्घचतुरश्रमेकतोऽणिमद्विहृत्य स्रक्तिषु शङ्कून्निहन्यात्

tasyāstribhāgonaṁ paścāttiraścī | tasyā evārdhaṁ purastāttiraścī | evaṁ dīrghacaturaśramekato'ṇimadvihṛtya sraktiṣu śaṅkūnnihanyāt

Its western (rear) breadth is that measure less a third; and its eastern (front) breadth is half of that. Thus, having laid out an oblong tapering on one side, one should drive pegs at its corners.

यावती पार्श्वमानी द्विरभ्यस्ता तावतीं रज्जुमुभयतः पाशां कृत्वा मध्ये लक्षणं करोति । दक्षिणयोः पार्श्वयोः पाशौ प्रतिमुच्य लक्षणेन दक्षिणापायम्य लक्षणे शङ्कुं निहन्यात् । तस्मिन्पाशौ प्रतिमुच्य लक्षणेन दक्षिणं पार्श्वं परिलिखेत् । एतेनोत्तरं पार्श्वं व्याख्यातम् । पूवं पार्श्वं तया द्विरभ्यस्तया परिलिखेत् । एवमपरम्

yāvatī pārśvamānī dvirabhyastā tāvatīṁ rajjumubhayataḥ pāśāṁ kṛtvā madhye lakṣaṇaṁ karoti | dakṣiṇayoḥ pārśvayoḥ pāśau pratimucya lakṣaṇena dakṣiṇāpāyamya lakṣaṇe śaṅkuṁ nihanyāt | tasminpāśau pratimucya lakṣaṇena dakṣiṇaṁ pārśvaṁ parilikhet | etenottaraṁ pārśvaṁ vyākhyātam | pūvaṁ pārśvaṁ tayā dvirabhyastayā parilikhet | evamaparam

Taking a cord twice the side-measure, with a loop at each end, one should mark its middle. Fastening the loops at the two ends of the southern side, and drawing southward from the mark to a second mark, one drives a peg there. Fastening a loop to that peg, one should draw the southern side from the mark. By this the northern side is likewise explained. The front side too should be drawn with that same doubled cord; so also the back.

दशपदा पश्चात्तिरश्ची द्वादशपदा प्राच्यष्टापदा पुरस्तात्तिरश्चीति पाशुबन्धिकाया वेदेर्विज्ञायते । मानयोगस्तस्या व्याख्यातः । रथसंमितेत्येकेषाम् । विराट्संपन्नेत्येकेषाम्

daśapadā paścāttiraścī dvādaśapadā prācyaṣṭāpadā purastāttiraścīti pāśubandhikāyā vedervijñāyate | mānayogastasyā vyākhyātaḥ | rathasaṁmitetyekeṣām | virāṭsaṁpannetyekeṣām

It is taught of the altar for the animal-sacrifice (paśubandha) that its rear breadth is ten feet, its length twelve feet, and its front breadth eight feet. Its proportional method has already been explained. Some call it 'ratha-sammitā' (chariot-matched); others call it 'virāṭ-sampannā' (endowed with the virāj metre).

शम्यामात्री चतुःस्रक्तिर्भवतीत्युत्तरवेदेर्विज्ञायते । समचतुरश्राविशेषात्

śamyāmātrī catuḥsraktirbhavatītyuttaravedervijñāyate | samacaturaśrāviśeṣāt

It is taught of the uttaravedi (the raised altar) that it is śamyā-measured and four-cornered, with no distinction from a square.

वितृतीया वेदिर्भवतीति पैतृक्या वेदेर्विज्ञायते । महावेदेस्तृतीयेन समचतुरश्रकृतायास्तृतीयकरणी भवतीति । नवमस्तु भूमेर्भागो भवति । यजमानमात्री चतुःस्रक्तिर्भवतीत्येकेषाम् । दिक्षु स्रक्तयो भवन्ति

vitṛtīyā vedirbhavatīti paitṛkyā vedervijñāyate | mahāvedestṛtīyena samacaturaśrakṛtāyāstṛtīyakaraṇī bhavatīti | navamastu bhūmerbhāgo bhavati | yajamānamātrī catuḥsraktirbhavatītyekeṣām | dikṣu sraktayo bhavanti

It is taught of the altar for the ancestral (pitṛ) rites that it is 'vitṛtīyā' (diminished by a third). Made into a square on a third of the mahāvedi, it becomes the third karaṇī (the square root of a third); and a ninth part of the ground is its area. According to some, it is sacrificer-measured and four-cornered, with its corners toward the intermediate directions.

वेदितृतीये यजेतेति सौत्रामणिकीं वेदिमभ्युपदिशन्ति । महावेदेस्तृतीयेन समचतुरश्रकृताया अष्टादशपदा पार्श्वमानी भवति । तस्यै दीर्घकरण्यामेकतोऽणिमत्करण्यां च यथाकामीति

veditṛtīye yajeteti sautrāmaṇikīṁ vedimabhyupadiśanti | mahāvedestṛtīyena samacaturaśrakṛtāyā aṣṭādaśapadā pārśvamānī bhavati | tasyai dīrghakaraṇyāmekato'ṇimatkaraṇyāṁ ca yathākāmīti

'One should sacrifice on a third of the altar' — by this statement the altar for the sautrāmaṇī rite is indicated. Made into a square on a third of the mahāvedi, its side-measure is eighteen feet. For it, whether by the oblong-making method or the one-side-reducing method, it may be done as desired.

प्राग्वंशः षोडशप्रक्रमायामो द्वादशव्यासोऽपि वा द्वादशप्रक्रमायामो दशव्यासः

prāgvaṁśaḥ ṣoḍaśaprakramāyāmo dvādaśavyāso'pi vā dvādaśaprakramāyāmo daśavyāsaḥ

The prāgvaṃśa (the eastern sacrificial hall) is sixteen paces long and twelve wide; or else, twelve paces long and ten wide.

तस्य मध्ये द्वादशिको विहारः

tasya madhye dvādaśiko vihāraḥ

In its middle is an open space (vihāra) of twelve (units).

त्रिंशत्पदानि प्रक्रमा वा पश्चात्तिरश्ची भवति षट्त्रिंशत्प्राची चतुर्विंशतिः पुरस्तात्तिरश्चीति महावेदेर्विज्ञायते । मानयोगस्तस्या व्याख्यातः । आहवनीयात्षट् प्रक्रमान्महावेदिः

triṁśatpadāni prakramā vā paścāttiraścī bhavati ṣaṭtriṁśatprācī caturviṁśatiḥ purastāttiraścīti mahāvedervijñāyate | mānayogastasyā vyākhyātaḥ | āhavanīyātṣaṭ prakramānmahāvediḥ

It is taught of the mahāvedi (the great altar) that its rear breadth is thirty feet or paces, its length thirty-six, and its front breadth twenty-four. Its proportional method has been explained. The mahāvedi lies six paces from the āhavanīya.

तत एकस्मिन्सदः । तद्दशकम् । उदक् सप्तविंशत्यरत्नयः । अष्टादशेत्येकेषाम्

tata ekasminsadaḥ | taddaśakam | udak saptaviṁśatyaratnayaḥ | aṣṭādaśetyekeṣām

Beyond that, in one place, is the sadas (the assembly hut). It is ten (units). To the north, twenty-seven cubits (aratnis); according to some, eighteen.

ततश्चतुर्षु हविर्धानम् । तद्दशकं द्वादशकं वा मानयोगस्तयोर्व्याख्यातः

tataścaturṣu havirdhānam | taddaśakaṁ dvādaśakaṁ vā mānayogastayorvyākhyātaḥ

Beyond that, in four sections, is the havirdhāna (the shed for the soma-carts). It is ten or twelve (units); the proportional method of both has been explained.

यूपावटीयाच्छङ्कोरर्धप्रक्रममवशिष्योत्तरवेदिं विमिमीते । दशपदोत्तरवेदिर्भवतीति सोमे विज्ञायते । मानयोगस्तस्या व्याख्यातः

yūpāvaṭīyācchaṅkorardhaprakramamavaśiṣyottaravediṁ vimimīte | daśapadottaravedirbhavatīti some vijñāyate | mānayogastasyā vyākhyātaḥ

Leaving half a pace remaining from the peg of the yūpāvaṭī (the sacrificial-post pit), one should measure out the uttaravedi (the raised altar). It is taught, in the soma-sacrifice, that the uttaravedi is ten feet. Its proportional method has been explained.

चात्वालः शम्यामात्रोऽपरिमितो वा

cātvālaḥ śamyāmātro'parimito vā

The cātvāla (the pit) is śamyā-measured, or else of unrestricted size.

अथोपरवाः प्रादेशमुखाः प्रादेशान्तरालाः । अरत्निमात्रं समचतुरश्रं विहृत्य स्रक्तिषु शङ्कून्निहन्यात् । अर्धप्रादेशेनार्धप्रादेशेनैकैकं मण्डलं परिलिखेत्

athoparavāḥ prādeśamukhāḥ prādeśāntarālāḥ | aratnimātraṁ samacaturaśraṁ vihṛtya sraktiṣu śaṅkūnnihanyāt | ardhaprādeśenārdhaprādeśenaikaikaṁ maṇḍalaṁ parilikhet

Now the uparavas (the small fire-pits): their mouths are a span (prādeśa) across, and the intervals between them a span too. Having laid out a square measuring a cubit, one should drive pegs at its corners. With half a span each, one should draw a circle at each.

सदसः पूर्वार्धाद्द्विप्रक्रममवशिष्य धिष्ण्यानां द्विप्रादेशो विष्कम्भस्तथान्तरालाः

sadasaḥ pūrvārdhāddviprakramamavaśiṣya dhiṣṇyānāṁ dviprādeśo viṣkambhastathāntarālāḥ

Leaving two paces remaining from the front half of the sadas, the width of the dhiṣṇyas (the small hearth-altars) is two spans, and so too their intervals.

आग्नीध्रागारस्य पार्श्वमानी पञ्चारत्निः

āgnīdhrāgārasya pārśvamānī pañcāratniḥ

The side-measure of the āgnīdhrāgāra (the fire-tending priest's hut) is five cubits.

एतेन मार्जालीयो व्याख्यातः । तस्योदीचीं द्वारं कुर्वन्ति

etena mārjālīyo vyākhyātaḥ | tasyodīcīṁ dvāraṁ kurvanti

By this the mārjālīya (a subsidiary fire-site) too is explained. They make its door face north.

रथाक्षान्तराला यूपावटा भवन्तीत्येकादशिन्यां विज्ञायते । तस्या दशानां च रथाक्षाणामेकादशानां च पदानामष्टाङ्गुलस्य च चतुर्विंशं भागमाददीत । स प्रक्रमः स्यात् । तेन वेदिं विमिमीते

rathākṣāntarālā yūpāvaṭā bhavantītyekādaśinyāṁ vijñāyate | tasyā daśānāṁ ca rathākṣāṇāmekādaśānāṁ ca padānāmaṣṭāṅgulasya ca caturviṁśaṁ bhāgamādadīta | sa prakramaḥ syāt | tena vediṁ vimimīte

It is taught, in the ekādaśinī rite, that the intervals between the sacrificial-post pits equal chariot-axle-lengths. One should take a twenty-fourth part of ten chariot-axles, eleven feet, and eight aṅgulas; that becomes the pace (prakrama). By that the altar is measured out.

अथाश्वमेधे विंशत्याश्च रथाक्षाणामेकविंशत्याश्च पदानामष्टाङ्गुलस्य च चतुर्विंशं भागमाददीत । स प्रक्रमः स्यात् । तेन वेदिं विमिमीते

athāśvamedhe viṁśatyāśca rathākṣāṇāmekaviṁśatyāśca padānāmaṣṭāṅgulasya ca caturviṁśaṁ bhāgamādadīta | sa prakramaḥ syāt | tena vediṁ vimimīte

Now, in the aśvamedha (the horse-sacrifice), one should take a twenty-fourth part of twenty chariot-axles, twenty-one feet, and eight aṅgulas; that becomes the pace. By that the altar is measured out.

अथ प्राच्येकादशिन्यां यूपार्थं वेदेः पूर्वार्धात्पदार्धव्यासमपच्छिद्य तत्पुरस्तात्प्राञ्चं दध्यात् । नात्राष्टाङ्गुलं विद्यते । न व्यतिषङ्गः

atha prācyekādaśinyāṁ yūpārthaṁ vedeḥ pūrvārdhātpadārdhavyāsamapacchidya tatpurastātprāñcaṁ dadhyāt | nātrāṣṭāṅgulaṁ vidyate | na vyatiṣaṅgaḥ

Now, in the eastern ekādaśinī rite, for the sake of the sacrificial post, having cut off a strip half a foot wide from the front half of the altar, one should place it further east, in front. Here the (usual) eight-aṅgula allowance does not apply; there is no overlap.

यूपावटाः पदविष्कम्भास्त्रिपदपरिणाहानि यूपोपराणीति

yūpāvaṭāḥ padaviṣkambhāstripadapariṇāhāni yūpoparāṇīti

The sacrificial-post pits are a foot wide, and the earthen rings around the sacrificial posts have a circumference of three feet.

अर्धाष्टमाः पुरुषाः प्रथमोऽग्निः । अर्धनवमा द्वितीयः । अर्धदशमास्तृतीयः । एवमुत्तरोत्तरो विधाभ्यास एकशतविधात् । तदेतत्सप्तविधप्रभृत्येकशतविधान्तम्

ardhāṣṭamāḥ puruṣāḥ prathamo'gniḥ | ardhanavamā dvitīyaḥ | ardhadaśamāstṛtīyaḥ | evamuttarottaro vidhābhyāsa ekaśatavidhāt | tadetatsaptavidhaprabhṛtyekaśatavidhāntam

Seven and a half puruṣas is the first (size of) fire-altar; eight and a half the second; nine and a half the third. Thus each successive stage increases (by one), up to a hundred and one and a half. This series, then, runs from seven and a half up to a hundred and one and a half.

Note: Sets out the traditional agnicayana series of altar sizes, increasing in steps of one puruṣa from 7½ to 101½ puruṣas.

अत ऊर्ध्वमेकशतविधानेव प्रत्याददीत । अनग्निकान्वा यज्ञक्रतूनाहरेत् । अन्यत्राश्वमेधात्

ata ūrdhvamekaśatavidhāneva pratyādadīta | anagnikānvā yajñakratūnāharet | anyatrāśvamedhāt

Beyond this, one should return to the hundred-and-one-and-a-half stage itself, and go no further. Or else, except in the case of the aśvamedha, the rites may be performed without exceeding this fire.

अश्वमेधमप्राप्तं चेदाहरेदत ऊर्ध्वं विधामभ्यस्येन्नेतरदाद्रियेत

aśvamedhamaprāptaṁ cedāharedata ūrdhvaṁ vidhāmabhyasyennetaradādriyeta

If one performs the rite without yet having reached the aśvamedha, one should repeat the series beyond this point; one need not attend to the other restriction.

अतीतं चेदाहरेदाहृत्य कृतान्तादेव प्रत्याददीत

atītaṁ cedāharedāhṛtya kṛtāntādeva pratyādadīta

If one performs the rite having already passed the aśvamedha (stage), then, having performed it, one should revert afterward to the size already established.

कथमु खलु विधामभ्यस्येत्

kathamu khalu vidhāmabhyasyet

How, then, should this series be repeated?

यदन्यत्प्रकृतेस्तत्पञ्चदश भागान्कृत्वा विधायां विधायां द्वौ द्वौ भागौ समस्येत् । ताभिरर्धाष्टमाभिरग्निं चिनुयात्

yadanyatprakṛtestatpañcadaśa bhāgānkṛtvā vidhāyāṁ vidhāyāṁ dvau dvau bhāgau samasyet | tābhirardhāṣṭamābhiragniṁ cinuyāt

Whatever lies beyond the base size, having divided that into fifteen parts, one should add two parts at each successive stage. Starting from seven and a half (puruṣas), the fire-altar should be built up by these increments.

ऊर्ध्वप्रमाणाभ्यासं जानोः पञ्चमस्य चतुर्विंशेनैके समामनन्ति

ūrdhvapramāṇābhyāsaṁ jānoḥ pañcamasya caturviṁśenaike samāmananti

As for the repetition of the vertical (height) measure, some teachers hold it equal to a twenty-fourth part of a fifth of the jānu (the knee-measure unit).

Note: A terse technical rule on scaling the altar's height across the size-series; the precise computation depends on ritual conventions not fully spelled out in this sutra alone.

अथ हैक एकविधप्रभृतीनपक्षपुच्छांश्चिन्वते

atha haika ekavidhaprabhṛtīnapakṣapucchāṁścinvate

Now, some build fire-altars, from the one-stage size onward, without wings or tail.

तन्नोपपद्यते पूर्वोत्तरविरोधात्

tannopapadyate pūrvottaravirodhāt

That is not admissible, because it contradicts what is stated both earlier and later.

अथ हैकेषां ब्राह्मणं भवति श्येनचिदग्नीनां पूर्वा ततिरिति

atha haikeṣāṁ brāhmaṇaṁ bhavati śyenacidagnīnāṁ pūrvā tatiriti

Now, according to some, there is a brāhmaṇa text: 'the earlier extension belongs to the fire-altars built in falcon-shape (śyena-cit).'

अथापरेषां न ज्यायांसं चित्वा कनीयांसं चिन्वीतेति

athāpareṣāṁ na jyāyāṁsaṁ citvā kanīyāṁsaṁ cinvīteti

Now, according to others: 'having built the larger, one should not then build the smaller.'

अथास्माकं । पक्षी भवति । न ह्यपक्षः पतितुमर्हति । अरत्निना पक्षौ द्राघीयांसौ भवतः । तस्मात्पक्षप्रवयांसि वयांसि । व्याममात्रौ पक्षौ च पुच्छं च भवतीति

athāsmākaṁ | pakṣī bhavati | na hyapakṣaḥ patitumarhati | aratninā pakṣau drāghīyāṁsau bhavataḥ | tasmātpakṣapravayāṁsi vayāṁsi | vyāmamātrau pakṣau ca pucchaṁ ca bhavatīti

Now, according to us: it (the fire-altar) is a bird. For a bird without wings is not fit to fly. By one cubit the wings are longer (than the body). Therefore birds have bodies that extend forward of their wings. Both the wings and the tail are each of one vyāma (arm-span) in measure.

नापक्षपुच्छः श्येनो विद्यते । न चासप्तविधस्य पक्षपुच्छानि विद्यन्ते । न च सप्तविधं चित्वैकविधप्रसङ्गः । तस्मात्सप्तविध एव प्रथमोऽग्निः

nāpakṣapucchaḥ śyeno vidyate | na cāsaptavidhasya pakṣapucchāni vidyante | na ca saptavidhaṁ citvaikavidhaprasaṅgaḥ | tasmātsaptavidha eva prathamo'gniḥ

There is no falcon without wings and a tail. And nothing smaller than the seven-stage (size) has wings or a tail. Nor, having built the seven-stage altar, is there any occasion for the one-stage. Therefore the seven-stage altar alone is the first fire.

भेदान्वर्जयेत् । अधरोत्तरयोः पार्श्वसंधानं भेदा इत्युपदिशन्ति । तदग्न्यन्तेषु न विद्यते न स्रक्तिपार्श्वयोः

bhedānvarjayet | adharottarayoḥ pārśvasaṁdhānaṁ bhedā ityupadiśanti | tadagnyanteṣu na vidyate na sraktipārśvayoḥ

One should avoid the bhedas (the seam-joints). They teach that the meeting of the edges between the lower and upper layers is called a bheda. That should not occur at the ends of the fire-altar, nor at the corner-sides.

साहस्रं चिन्वीत प्रथमं चिन्वान इति

sāhasraṁ cinvīta prathamaṁ cinvāna iti

It is taught: 'one building for the first time should build with a thousand (bricks).'

पञ्चमायां वा चितौ संख्यां पूरयेत्

pañcamāyāṁ vā citau saṁkhyāṁ pūrayet

Or else, one should complete the full count in the fifth layer.

द्विशताश्चेच्चिकीर्षेत्पञ्चचोडाभिर्नाकसदः समानसंख्यं प्रतीयात्

dviśatāśceccikīrṣetpañcacoḍābhirnākasadaḥ samānasaṁkhyaṁ pratīyāt

If one should wish to build with two hundred (bricks per layer), one should reckon an equal count together with the five-crested nākasad ('heaven-seated') bricks.

Note: Refers to specific named brick-classes of the agnicayana ritual (nākasad, pañcacūḍā) whose exact identity is set by ritual convention rather than by this sutra alone.

पशुधर्मो ह वा अग्निः । यथा ह वै पशोर्दक्षिणेषामस्थ्नां यद्दक्षिणं पार्श्वं तदुत्तरेषामुत्तरं यदुत्तरेषां दक्षिणं तद्दक्षिणेषामुत्तरं यदवाक् चोर्ध्वं च तत्समानमेवमिष्टकानां रूपाण्युपदध्यात्

paśudharmo ha vā agniḥ | yathā ha vai paśordakṣiṇeṣāmasthnāṁ yaddakṣiṇaṁ pārśvaṁ taduttareṣāmuttaraṁ yaduttareṣāṁ dakṣiṇaṁ taddakṣiṇeṣāmuttaraṁ yadavāk cordhvaṁ ca tatsamānamevamiṣṭakānāṁ rūpāṇyupadadhyāt

The fire-altar truly has the nature of an animal. Just as, of an animal's right-side bones, the right side (of each) faces north, and of the left-side bones the left side faces south — that is, the right of the right-side bones becomes the north-facing part and the left of the left-side bones the south-facing part — while what is turned down and what is turned up stays the same on both sides — so should the shapes of the bricks be laid.

Note: A dense osteological analogy: brick orientation is said to mirror the left/right symmetry of an animal's bones while preserving a constant top/bottom orientation. The precise laying convention it describes is terse even by this text's standards.

या दक्षिणावृतो लेखास्ता दक्षिणत उपदध्यात् सव्यावृत उत्तरतः । ऋजुलेखाः पश्चाच्च पुरस्ताच्च भवन्ति । त्र्यालिखिता मध्ये । अथ या विशयस्था यथा ह वै पशोः पृष्ठवंशो नैवैकस्मिन्पार्श्वे व्यतिरेकेण वर्तते नैवापरस्मिन्नेवं तासामुपधानं प्रतीयात्

yā dakṣiṇāvṛto lekhāstā dakṣiṇata upadadhyāt savyāvṛta uttarataḥ | ṛjulekhāḥ paścācca purastācca bhavanti | tryālikhitā madhye | atha yā viśayasthā yathā ha vai paśoḥ pṛṣṭhavaṁśo naivaikasminpārśve vyatirekeṇa vartate naivāparasminnevaṁ tāsāmupadhānaṁ pratīyāt

Bricks marked with lines curving to the right should be placed on the south side; those with lines curving to the left, on the north side. Straight-lined bricks go at the back and at the front; the thrice-marked ones in the middle. As for those lying on the dividing line (viśaya) — just as an animal's spine does not lean specially to one side or the other — so should their placement be understood.

अथापि ब्राह्मणं भवति । प्रजापतिर्वा अथर्वाग्निरेव दध्यङ्ङाथर्वणस्तस्येष्टका अस्थानीति

athāpi brāhmaṇaṁ bhavati | prajāpatirvā atharvāgnireva dadhyaṅṅātharvaṇastasyeṣṭakā asthānīti

On this there is also a brāhmaṇa text: 'Prajāpati indeed is Atharvan; Agni indeed is Dadhyañc Ātharvaṇa; its bricks are his bones.'

तस्माद् बहिस्तन्वं चेच्चिनुयात्तन्वोपप्लवमध्यैरात्मोपप्लवमध्यात् संदध्यात्

tasmād bahistanvaṁ ceccinuyāttanvopaplavamadhyairātmopaplavamadhyāt saṁdadhyāt

Therefore, if one builds the body (tanu) from the outside inward, one should join it from the middle of the trunk-section's overlap, through the middle points of the body's overlaps.

Note: A terse technical instruction on how the overlapping brick-courses of the altar's body should be joined; the exact procedure relies on conventions assumed but not spelled out here.

प्राञ्चमेनं चिनुत इति विज्ञायते

prāñcamenaṁ cinuta iti vijñāyate

It is taught that one builds this (altar) facing east.

अमृन्मयीभिरनिष्टकाभिर्न संख्यां पूरयेत्

amṛnmayībhiraniṣṭakābhirna saṁkhyāṁ pūrayet

One should not complete the (brick) count with things that are not made of clay, that is, not actual bricks.

इष्टकचिद्वा अन्योऽग्निः पशुचिदन्य इत्येतस्माद्ब्राह्मणात्

iṣṭakacidvā anyo'gniḥ paśucidanya ityetasmādbrāhmaṇāt

From this brāhmaṇa text it is also said: 'one fire-altar is built of bricks, another is built as an animal.'

पशुर्वा एष यदग्निर्योनिः खलु वा एषा पशोर्विक्रियते यत्प्राचीनमैष्टाकाद्यजुः क्रियत इति च

paśurvā eṣa yadagniryoniḥ khalu vā eṣā paśorvikriyate yatprācīnamaiṣṭākādyajuḥ kriyata iti ca

'This fire-altar is indeed the animal; this source (yoni) of the animal is what is transformed, in that the Yajus formula is recited even before the bricks are placed' — so it is also said.

लोकबाधीनि द्रव्याण्यवटेषूपदध्यात्

lokabādhīni dravyāṇyavaṭeṣūpadadhyāt

The lokabādhi substances (materials said to ward off the ordinary world) should be placed in the pits.

Note: The exact identity of the 'lokabādhi' materials is a matter of ritual convention not specified in this sutra.

मण्डलमृषभं विकर्णीमितीष्टकासु लक्ष्माणि प्रतीयात्

maṇḍalamṛṣabhaṁ vikarṇīmitīṣṭakāsu lakṣmāṇi pratīyāt

One should understand the marks on the bricks as: a circle, a bull, and a diagonal line.

इष्टकामन्त्रयोरिष्टकाव्यतिरेके लोकंपृणाः संप्रद्यन्ते परिमाणाभावात्

iṣṭakāmantrayoriṣṭakāvyatireke lokaṁpṛṇāḥ saṁpradyante parimāṇābhāvāt

Where there is a discrepancy between the count of bricks and the count of mantras, the lokaṃpṛṇā ('world-filling') bricks are supplied, for want of an exact measure.

अतीतानेव वेष्टकागणानत्रोपदध्यात्

atītāneva veṣṭakāgaṇānatropadadhyāt

Here one should place only those brick-groups that have already been used before.

पञ्च लोकंपृणाः

pañca lokaṁpṛṇāḥ

The lokaṃpṛṇā bricks are five in number.

मन्त्रव्यतिरेकेऽक्ताः शर्कराः संधिषूपदध्यात्

mantravyatireke'ktāḥ śarkarāḥ saṁdhiṣūpadadhyāt

Where there is a discrepancy with the mantra-count, one should place consecrated pebbles (śarkarās) at the joints.

प्राचीरुपदधाति प्रतीचीरुपदधातीति गणेषु रीतिवादः

prācīrupadadhāti pratīcīrupadadhātīti gaṇeṣu rītivādaḥ

'One places (bricks) facing east; one places them facing west' — this is the customary way of speaking about the groups.

प्राचीमुपदधाति प्रतीचीमुपदधातीति कर्तुर्मुखवादः

prācīmupadadhāti pratīcīmupadadhātīti karturmukhavādaḥ

'One places (a brick) facing east; one places it facing west' — this is said from the standpoint of the performer's own facing direction.

पुरस्तादन्याः प्रतीचीरुपदधाति पश्चादन्याः प्राचीरित्यपवर्गः

purastādanyāḥ pratīcīrupadadhāti paścādanyāḥ prācīrityapavargaḥ

'In front one places some bricks facing west, behind, others facing east' — this is the completing rule.

चतुरश्रास्वेवैतदुपपद्यते

caturaśrāsvevaitadupapadyate

This rule applies only to the square-shaped (caturaśra) altars.

न खण्डामुपदध्यात् । न भिन्नामुपदध्यात् । न कृष्णामुपदध्यात् । न जीर्णामुपदध्यात् । न लक्ष्मणामुपदध्यात् । न स्वयमातृण्णां स्वयंचितावुपदध्यात्

na khaṇḍāmupadadhyāt | na bhinnāmupadadhyāt | na kṛṣṇāmupadadhyāt | na jīrṇāmupadadhyāt | na lakṣmaṇāmupadadhyāt | na svayamātṛṇṇāṁ svayaṁcitāvupadadhyāt

One should not place a broken brick. One should not place a cracked brick. One should not place a black brick. One should not place an old, worn brick. One should not place a blemished brick. And one should not place a spontaneously cracked brick in the regular course of piling.

ऊर्ध्वप्रमाणमिष्टकानां जानोः पञ्चमेन कारयेत् । अर्धेन नाकसदां पञ्चचोडानां च

ūrdhvapramāṇamiṣṭakānāṁ jānoḥ pañcamena kārayet | ardhena nākasadāṁ pañcacoḍānāṁ ca

The height of the bricks should be made a fifth of the jānu (the knee-measure unit); half of that for the nākasad and pañcacūḍā bricks.

यच्छोषपाकाभ्यां प्रतिह्रसेत पुरीषेण तत्संपूरयेत् पुरीषस्यानियतपरिमाणत्वात्

yacchoṣapākābhyāṁ pratihraseta purīṣeṇa tatsaṁpūrayet purīṣasyāniyataparimāṇatvāt

Whatever height is lost through drying and firing should be made up with purīṣa (packing-earth), since purīṣa has no fixed measure.

व्यायाममात्री भवतीति गार्हपत्यचितेर्विज्ञायते

vyāyāmamātrī bhavatīti gārhapatyacitervijñāyate

It is taught that the gārhapatya fire-altar's piling is vyāyāma-measured.

चतुरश्रेत्येकेषां । परिमण्डलेत्येकेषाम्

caturaśretyekeṣāṁ | parimaṇḍaletyekeṣām

According to some it is square; according to others, circular.

चतुरश्रं सप्तधा विभज्य तिरश्चीं त्रेधा विभजेत् । अपरस्मिन्प्रस्तार उदीचीरुपदधाति

caturaśraṁ saptadhā vibhajya tiraścīṁ tredhā vibhajet | aparasminprastāra udīcīrupadadhāti

Having divided the square into seven, one should divide the cross-line into three. In the second layer, the bricks are laid facing north.

समचतुरश्राश्चेदुपदध्याद्व्यायामषष्ठेनेष्टकाः कारयेच्चतुर्थेन तृतीयेनेति । तासां नव प्रथमा द्वादश द्वितीया इति पूर्वस्मिन्प्रस्तार उपदधाति । पञ्च तृतीयाः षोडश प्रथमा इत्यपरस्मिन्

samacaturaśrāścedupadadhyādvyāyāmaṣaṣṭheneṣṭakāḥ kārayeccaturthena tṛtīyeneti | tāsāṁ nava prathamā dvādaśa dvitīyā iti pūrvasminprastāra upadadhāti | pañca tṛtīyāḥ ṣoḍaśa prathamā ityaparasmin

If one should lay square bricks, they should be made a sixth, a fourth, or a third of the vyāyāma in size. In the first layer, nine of the first size and twelve of the second are laid; in the other layer, five of the third size and sixteen of the first.

परिमण्डलायां यावत्संभवेत्तावत्समचतुरश्रं कृत्वा तन्नवधा विभजेत् प्रधींस्त्रिधा त्रिधेति । अपरं प्रस्तारं तथोपदध्याद्यथा प्रध्यनीकेषु स्रक्तयो भवन्ति

parimaṇḍalāyāṁ yāvatsaṁbhavettāvatsamacaturaśraṁ kṛtvā tannavadhā vibhajet pradhīṁstridhā tridheti | aparaṁ prastāraṁ tathopadadhyādyathā pradhyanīkeṣu sraktayo bhavanti

In the circular (form), having made as large a square as will fit within it, one should divide it into nine, and the rim-sections (pradhi) into three each. The other layer should be laid so that the corners fall at the joints of the rim-faces.

धिष्ण्या एकचितीकाश्चतुरश्राः परिमण्डला वा

dhiṣṇyā ekacitīkāścaturaśrāḥ parimaṇḍalā vā

The dhiṣṇyas (the small hearth-altars) are single-layered, either square or circular.

तेषामाग्नीध्रीयं नवधा विभज्यैकस्याः स्थानेऽश्मानमुपदध्यात्

teṣāmāgnīdhrīyaṁ navadhā vibhajyaikasyāḥ sthāne'śmānamupadadhyāt

Having divided their āgnīdhrīya (hearth) into nine, one should place a stone in place of one part.

अथ होतुर्धिष्ण्यं नवधा विभज्य पूर्वांस्त्रिभागानेकैकं द्वेधा विभजेत्

atha hoturdhiṣṇyaṁ navadhā vibhajya pūrvāṁstribhāgānekaikaṁ dvedhā vibhajet

Now, having divided the hotṛ's hearth into nine, one should divide each of the front three parts into two.

अथेतरान्नवधा नवधा विभज्य मध्यमपूर्वौ द्वौ भागौ समस्येत्

athetarānnavadhā navadhā vibhajya madhyamapūrvau dvau bhāgau samasyet

Now, having divided the other hearths into nine parts each, one should join the middle and the front two parts.

अथ मार्जालीयं त्रेधा विभज्य पूर्वापरौ भागौ पञ्चधा विभजेत्

atha mārjālīyaṁ tredhā vibhajya pūrvāparau bhāgau pañcadhā vibhajet

Now, having divided the mārjālīya into three, one should divide the front and back parts into five each.

उख्यभस्मना संसृज्येष्टकाः कारयेदिति

ukhyabhasmanā saṁsṛjyeṣṭakāḥ kārayediti

It is taught that the bricks should be made mixed with ash from the ukhā (the fire-pot).

संवत्सरभृत एवैतदुपपद्यते न रात्रिभृतः

saṁvatsarabhṛta evaitadupapadyate na rātribhṛtaḥ

This applies only to the year-long rite, not to the night-long one.

एवमस्य मन्त्रवती चितिकॢप्तिः

evamasya mantravatī citikḷptiḥ

Thus is the mantra-accompanied arrangement of this piling.

छन्दश्चितं त्रिषाहस्रस्य परस्ताच्चिन्वीत कामविवेकात् तस्य रूपंश्येनाकृतिर्भवतीति

chandaścitaṁ triṣāhasrasya parastāccinvīta kāmavivekāt tasya rūpaṁśyenākṛtirbhavatīti

Beyond the three-thousand-brick fire, one should build the chandaścit (the meter-built altar) at one's own discretion. Its form is that of a falcon, it is taught.

अथ वै भवति श्येनचितं चिन्वीत सुवर्गकाम इति

atha vai bhavati śyenacitaṁ cinvīta suvargakāma iti

Now indeed it is taught: 'one who desires the heavenly world should build the falcon-shaped altar (śyena-cit).'

आकृतिद्वैविध्यम् । चतुराश्रात्मा श्येनाकृतिश्च

ākṛtidvaividhyam | caturāśrātmā śyenākṛtiśca

Its shape is of two kinds: one with a square body, and one in the naturalistic form of a falcon.

विज्ञायते उभयं ब्राह्मणम्

vijñāyate ubhayaṁ brāhmaṇam

Both are recognized as authorized by the brāhmaṇa (exegetical) texts.

पञ्च दक्षिणायां श्रोण्यामुपदधाति पञ्चोत्तरस्याम् । बस्तो वय इति दक्षिणेंऽस उपदधाति । वृष्णिर्वय इत्युत्तरे । व्याघ्रो वय इति दक्षिणे पक्ष उपदधाति । सिंहो वय इत्युत्तरे पुरुषो वय इति मध्य इति च

pañca dakṣiṇāyāṁ śroṇyāmupadadhāti pañcottarasyām | basto vaya iti dakṣiṇeṁ'sa upadadhāti | vṛṣṇirvaya ityuttare | vyāghro vaya iti dakṣiṇe pakṣa upadadhāti | siṁho vaya ityuttare puruṣo vaya iti madhya iti ca

One places five bricks on the southern hip-corner, five on the northern. 'The goat is a bird' — with this formula one places a brick on the southern shoulder; 'the ram is a bird' — on the northern. 'The tiger is a bird' — one places a brick on the southern wing; 'the lion is a bird' — on the northern; 'man is a bird' — in the middle.

अथापरं वयसां वा एष प्रतिमया चीयते यदग्निरिति । उत्पततां छाययेत्यर्थः

athāparaṁ vayasāṁ vā eṣa pratimayā cīyate yadagniriti | utpatatāṁ chāyayetyarthaḥ

Now, further, it is taught: 'this fire-altar is built in the likeness of birds' — meaning, in the shadow-form of birds in flight.

समचतुरश्राभिरग्निं चिनुते दैव्यस्य च मानुषस्य च व्यावृत्त्या इति मैत्रायणीयब्राह्मणं भवति

samacaturaśrābhiragniṁ cinute daivyasya ca mānuṣasya ca vyāvṛttyā iti maitrāyaṇīyabrāhmaṇaṁ bhavati

'One builds the fire-altar with square bricks, by the distinction between the divine and the human measure' — this is a statement of the Maitrāyaṇīya-brāhmaṇa.

तस्येष्टकाः कारयेत् पुरुषस्य चतुर्थेन पञ्चमेन षष्ठेन दशमेनेति

tasyeṣṭakāḥ kārayet puruṣasya caturthena pañcamena ṣaṣṭhena daśameneti

Its bricks should be made a fourth, a fifth, a sixth, or a tenth of a puruṣa in size.

अथाग्निं विमिमीते

athāgniṁ vimimīte

Now one measures out the fire-altar.

यावान्पुरुष ऊर्ध्वबाहुस्तावदन्तराले वेणोश्छिद्रे करोति । मध्ये तृतीयं । यदमुत्र स्पन्द्यया करोति तदिह वेणुना करोति

yāvānpuruṣa ūrdhvabāhustāvadantarāle veṇośchidre karoti | madhye tṛtīyaṁ | yadamutra spandyayā karoti tadiha veṇunā karoti

As tall as a man standing with upraised arms, that measure one should mark by a hole in a reed-rod, at the gap-point; a third mark in the middle. What is elsewhere done with the cord (spandyā), here is done with the reed.

तस्यात्मा समचतुरश्रश्चत्वारः पुरुषाः । पक्षः समचतुरश्रः पुरुषः । स तु दक्षिणतोऽरत्निना द्राघीयान् । एतेनोत्तरः पक्षो व्याख्यातः । पुच्छः समचतुरश्रः पुरुषः । तमवस्तात्प्रादेशेन वर्धयेत् । एवं सारत्नि प्रादेशा सप्तविधः संप्रद्यतः

tasyātmā samacaturaśraścatvāraḥ puruṣāḥ | pakṣaḥ samacaturaśraḥ puruṣaḥ | sa tu dakṣiṇato'ratninā drāghīyān | etenottaraḥ pakṣo vyākhyātaḥ | pucchaḥ samacaturaśraḥ puruṣaḥ | tamavastātprādeśena vardhayet | evaṁ sāratni prādeśā saptavidhaḥ saṁpradyataḥ

Its body (ātman) is a square of four puruṣas. The wing is a square of one puruṣa, but on the south side it is longer by one cubit; by this the northern wing is likewise explained. The tail is a square of one puruṣa; it should be extended at the bottom by one span. Thus, with a cubit and a span added, the seven-unit (altar) is produced.

उपधाने पक्षाग्रादुत्तरतः पुरुषतृतीयवेलायां चतस्रः पञ्चम्यस्तासामभितो द्वे द्वे पादेष्टके ततोऽष्टौ चतुर्थ्यः । पक्षशेषं षड्भागीयाभिः प्रच्छादयेत् । एतेनोत्तरः पक्षो व्याख्यातः

upadhāne pakṣāgrāduttarataḥ puruṣatṛtīyavelāyāṁ catasraḥ pañcamyastāsāmabhito dve dve pādeṣṭake tato'ṣṭau caturthyaḥ | pakṣaśeṣaṁ ṣaḍbhāgīyābhiḥ pracchādayet | etenottaraḥ pakṣo vyākhyātaḥ

In the laying: from the tip of the wing, northward, at a distance of a third of a puruṣa, place four bricks of a fifth-measure; on either side of them two quarter-bricks each; then eight bricks of a fourth-measure. The remainder of the wing should be covered with sixth-measure bricks. By this the northern wing too is explained.

पूर्वापरयोः पुच्छपार्श्वयोश्चतुर्भागीया उपदध्यात् । दक्षिणोत्तरयोः पादेष्टकाः । शेषमग्निं पञ्चमभागीयाभिः प्रच्छादयेत्

pūrvāparayoḥ pucchapārśvayoścaturbhāgīyā upadadhyāt | dakṣiṇottarayoḥ pādeṣṭakāḥ | śeṣamagniṁ pañcamabhāgīyābhiḥ pracchādayet

On the front and back edges of the tail, one should place quarter-measure bricks. On the south and north, quarter-bricks. The remaining fire-altar should be covered with fifth-measure bricks.

एष द्विशतः प्रस्तारः

eṣa dviśataḥ prastāraḥ

This is the two-hundred-brick layer.

अपरस्मिन्प्रस्तारे पक्षाग्रादुत्तरतोऽर्धव्यायामवेलायां तिस्रस्तिस्रः षष्ठ्यो द्वे द्वे द्विपदे इति विपर्यासमुपदध्यात् । तथोत्तरे

aparasminprastāre pakṣāgrāduttarato'rdhavyāyāmavelāyāṁ tisrastisraḥ ṣaṣṭhyo dve dve dvipade iti viparyāsamupadadhyāt | tathottare

In the other layer, from the tip of the wing, northward, at a distance of half a vyāyāma, one should place three sixth-measure bricks each and two double-foot bricks each, in reversed order. So too to the north.

दक्षिणस्यां श्रोण्यां नव षष्ठ्यश्चतुरश्रकृताः । तथोत्तरस्याम्

dakṣiṇasyāṁ śroṇyāṁ nava ṣaṣṭhyaścaturaśrakṛtāḥ | tathottarasyām

On the southern hip-corner, nine sixth-measure bricks, made square. So too on the northern.

नव नव षष्ठ्यो द्वे द्वे दिपदे इति दक्षिणादंसादुत्तरादंसाद्विपर्यासमुपदध्यात्

nava nava ṣaṣṭhyo dve dve dipade iti dakṣiṇādaṁsāduttarādaṁsādviparyāsamupadadhyāt

Nine and nine sixth-measure bricks, with two double-foot bricks each — from the southern shoulder and from the northern shoulder, these should be placed in reversed order.

शेषमग्निं पञ्चमभागीयाभिः प्रच्छादयेत्

śeṣamagniṁ pañcamabhāgīyābhiḥ pracchādayet

The remaining fire-altar should be covered with fifth-measure bricks.

एष द्विशतः प्रस्तारो व्यत्यासं चिनुयाद्यावतः प्रस्तारांश्चिकीर्षेत्

eṣa dviśataḥ prastāro vyatyāsaṁ cinuyādyāvataḥ prastārāṁścikīrṣet

This is the two-hundred-brick layer. One should build the alternation as many times as the number of layers one wishes to make.

अथापरः

athāparaḥ

Now, another method.

पुरुषस्य पञ्चम्यः । ता एवैकतोऽध्यर्धाः । तासामर्ध्याः पाद्याश्च

puruṣasya pañcamyaḥ | tā evaikato'dhyardhāḥ | tāsāmardhyāḥ pādyāśca

The bricks are fifths of a puruṣa. These same, extended one-and-a-half-fold on one side, make the adhyardha ('one-and-a-half') bricks. Half-bricks and quarter-bricks of these are also made.

उपधाने । पूर्वापरयोः पक्षपार्श्वयोरर्धेष्टका उदीचीरुपदध्यात् । तथोत्तरे

upadhāne | pūrvāparayoḥ pakṣapārśvayorardheṣṭakā udīcīrupadadhyāt | tathottare

In the laying: on the front and back edges of the wing, half-bricks should be placed facing north. So too on the northern wing.

दक्षिणोत्तरयोः पुच्छपार्श्वयोश्चतस्रश्चतस्रोऽध्यर्धा उदीचीः । पुच्छस्यावस्ताच्चतस्रोऽर्धेष्टका उदीचीः । तासामभितो द्वे पादेष्टके । जघनेन पुच्छाप्ययोरेकैकामर्धेष्टकां प्राचीम्

dakṣiṇottarayoḥ pucchapārśvayoścatasraścatasro'dhyardhā udīcīḥ | pucchasyāvastāccatasro'rdheṣṭakā udīcīḥ | tāsāmabhito dve pādeṣṭake | jaghanena pucchāpyayorekaikāmardheṣṭakāṁ prācīm

On the southern and northern edges of the tail, four one-and-a-half bricks each, facing north. Below the tail, four half-bricks facing north, with two quarter-bricks on either side of them. At the rear, at the tail's juncture, one half-brick each, facing east.

शेषमग्निं पञ्चमभागीयाभिः प्रच्छादयेत्

śeṣamagniṁ pañcamabhāgīyābhiḥ pracchādayet

The remaining fire-altar should be covered with fifth-measure bricks.

एष द्विशतः प्रस्तारः

eṣa dviśataḥ prastāraḥ

This is the two-hundred-brick layer.

अपरस्मिन् प्रस्तार आत्मस्रक्तिषु चतस्रः पादेष्टका उपदध्यात् । तासामभितो द्वे द्वे अर्धेष्टके । पूर्वस्मिन्ननिके पञ्च

aparasmin prastāra ātmasraktiṣu catasraḥ pādeṣṭakā upadadhyāt | tāsāmabhito dve dve ardheṣṭake | pūrvasminnanike pañca

In the other layer, at the corners of the body, one should place four quarter-bricks; on either side of them, two half-bricks each. On the front face, five bricks.

पक्षाग्रयोस्तिस्रस्तिस्रोऽध्यर्धा उदीचीः । तासामन्तरलेष्वेकैकामर्धेष्टकां प्राचीम्

pakṣāgrayostisrastisro'dhyardhā udīcīḥ | tāsāmantaraleṣvekaikāmardheṣṭakāṁ prācīm

At the tips of the wings, three one-and-a-half bricks each, facing north. In the intervals between them, one half-brick each, facing east.

शेषमग्निं पञ्चमभागीयाभिः प्रच्छादयेत्

śeṣamagniṁ pañcamabhāgīyābhiḥ pracchādayet

The remaining fire-altar should be covered with fifth-measure bricks.

एष द्विशतः प्रस्तारो व्यत्यासं चिनुयाद्यावतः प्रस्तारांश्चिकीर्षेत्

eṣa dviśataḥ prastāro vyatyāsaṁ cinuyādyāvataḥ prastārāṁścikīrṣet

This is the two-hundred-brick layer. One should build the alternation as many times as the number of layers one wishes to make.

अथ वक्रपक्षो व्यस्तपुच्छः

atha vakrapakṣo vyastapucchaḥ

Now, (the altar) with bent wings and a displaced tail.

तस्येष्टकाः कारयेत्पुरुषस्य चतुर्थ्यः । तासामर्ध्याः पाद्याश्च । नित्यमक्ष्ण्यापच्छेदनमनादेशे

tasyeṣṭakāḥ kārayetpuruṣasya caturthyaḥ | tāsāmardhyāḥ pādyāśca | nityamakṣṇyāpacchedanamanādeśe

Its bricks should be made a fourth of a puruṣa. Half-bricks and quarter-bricks of these are also made. Where no special rule is given, the cutting should always be made diagonally.

पादेष्टकाश्चतुर्भिः परिगृह्णीयादर्धपदेन पदेनाध्यर्धपदेन पदसविशेषेणेति । ते द्वे यथा दीर्घसंश्लिष्टे स्यातां तथार्धेष्टकां कारयेत्

pādeṣṭakāścaturbhiḥ parigṛhṇīyādardhapadena padenādhyardhapadena padasaviśeṣeṇeti | te dve yathā dīrghasaṁśliṣṭe syātāṁ tathārdheṣṭakāṁ kārayet

A quarter-brick should be reckoned by four measures: half a foot, a foot, one and a half feet, and a foot with something extra. Those two pieces should be joined so that they meet lengthwise, thus making a half-brick.

अथाग्निं विमिमीत । आत्मा द्विपुरुषायामो दशपदव्यासः । तस्य दक्षिणादंसादुत्तरतोऽध्यर्धप्रक्रमे लक्षणं करोति । एवमपरतः । तयोरुपरिष्टात्स्पन्द्यां नियम्यांसमपच्छिन्द्यात् । एतेनेतरासां स्रक्तीनामपच्छेदा व्याख्याताः । स आत्मा

athāgniṁ vimimīta | ātmā dvipuruṣāyāmo daśapadavyāsaḥ | tasya dakṣiṇādaṁsāduttarato'dhyardhaprakrame lakṣaṇaṁ karoti | evamaparataḥ | tayorupariṣṭātspandyāṁ niyamyāṁsamapacchindyāt | etenetarāsāṁ sraktīnāmapacchedā vyākhyātāḥ | sa ātmā

Now one measures out the fire-altar. The body (ātman) is two puruṣas long, ten feet wide. From its southern shoulder, one and a half paces to the north, a mark should be made; so too on the other side. Above the two marks, having fastened the cord (spandyā), the shoulder should be cut off. By this the cutting of the other corners too is explained. That is the body.

शिरोऽर्धषष्ठपदायाममर्धपुरुषव्यासं । तस्यांसौ प्रक्रमेण प्रक्रमेणापच्छिन्द्यात्

śiro'rdhaṣaṣṭhapadāyāmamardhapuruṣavyāsaṁ | tasyāṁsau prakrameṇa prakrameṇāpacchindyāt

The head is five and a half feet long and half a puruṣa wide. Its shoulders should be cut off by a pace each.

पुच्छस्य षट्पदा प्राची द्विपुरुषोदीची । तस्य पूर्वे स्रक्ति त्रिभिस्त्रिभिः प्रक्रमैरपच्छिन्द्यात्

pucchasya ṣaṭpadā prācī dvipuruṣodīcī | tasya pūrve srakti tribhistribhiḥ prakramairapacchindyāt

The tail's eastern measure is six feet, its northern measure two puruṣas. Its two front corners should be cut off by three paces each.

पक्षो द्वादशपदायामो दशपदव्यासः । तस्य मध्यात्प्राञ्चि षट्पदानि प्रक्रम्य शङ्कुं निहन्यात् । श्रोण्योरेकैकम् । अथैनं स्पन्द्यया परिचिनुयात् । अन्तस्पन्द्यमपच्छिद्य तत्पुरस्तात् प्राञ्चं दध्यात् । स निर्णामः । एतेनोत्तरस्य पक्षस्य निर्णामो व्याख्यातः

pakṣo dvādaśapadāyāmo daśapadavyāsaḥ | tasya madhyātprāñci ṣaṭpadāni prakramya śaṅkuṁ nihanyāt | śroṇyorekaikam | athainaṁ spandyayā paricinuyāt | antaspandyamapacchidya tatpurastāt prāñcaṁ dadhyāt | sa nirṇāmaḥ | etenottarasya pakṣasya nirṇāmo vyākhyātaḥ

The wing is twelve feet long, ten feet wide. From its middle, stepping forward six feet, one should drive a peg, and one at each hip-corner. Then one should trace around it with the cord. Having cut off the inner length of cord, one should carry it forward, eastward, and set it in front. This is the nirṇāma (the outward displacement). By this the nirṇāma of the northern wing is likewise explained.

पक्षाग्रयोः प्रक्रमप्रमाणानि पञ्च पञ्च चतुरश्राण्यनूचीनानि कृत्वा सर्वाण्यवाञ्चमक्ष्णयापच्छिन्द्यादर्धान्युद्धरेत्

pakṣāgrayoḥ prakramapramāṇāni pañca pañca caturaśrāṇyanūcīnāni kṛtvā sarvāṇyavāñcamakṣṇayāpacchindyādardhānyuddharet

At the tips of the wings, having made five squares each of one pace's measure, arranged lengthwise, one should cut all of them diagonally downward and remove the halves.

एवं सारत्निप्रादेशः सप्तविधः संपद्यतः

evaṁ sāratniprādeśaḥ saptavidhaḥ saṁpadyataḥ

Thus, with a cubit and a span added, the seven-unit (altar) is produced.

उपधाने शिरसोऽप्यये चतुर्थीमुपदध्यात् । हंसमुखी पुरस्तात् । पादेष्टके अभितः । तयोरवस्तादभितस्तिस्रस्तिस्रश्चतुरश्रपाद्याः । शेषे पादेष्टकाः

upadhāne śiraso'pyaye caturthīmupadadhyāt | haṁsamukhī purastāt | pādeṣṭake abhitaḥ | tayoravastādabhitastisrastisraścaturaśrapādyāḥ | śeṣe pādeṣṭakāḥ

In the laying: at the joint of the head, one should place a quarter-brick. The 'goose-mouth' brick (haṁsamukhī) goes in front, with quarter-bricks on either side. Below these, on either side, three square quarter-bricks each. The rest, quarter-bricks.

अपि वा शिरसोऽग्रे हंसमुखीमुपदध्यात्तस्य अवस्ताच्चतुर्थीमुपदध्यात्पादेष्टके अभितः । तयोरवस्तादभितस्तिस्रस्तिस्रश्चतुरश्रपाद्याः । शेषे पादेष्टकाः

api vā śiraso'gre haṁsamukhīmupadadhyāttasya avastāccaturthīmupadadhyātpādeṣṭake abhitaḥ | tayoravastādabhitastisrastisraścaturaśrapādyāḥ | śeṣe pādeṣṭakāḥ

Or else, at the tip of the head, one should place the 'goose-mouth' brick; below it a quarter-brick, and quarter-bricks on either side. Below these, on either side, three square quarter-bricks each. The rest, quarter-bricks.

शिरसोऽवस्तात्पञ्चपादेष्टका व्यतिषक्ता उपदध्यात् । तथा पुच्छस्य पुरस्तात् यद्यदपच्छिन्नं तस्मिन्नर्धेष्टकाः पादेष्टकाश्चोपदध्यात्

śiraso'vastātpañcapādeṣṭakā vyatiṣaktā upadadhyāt | tathā pucchasya purastāt yadyadapacchinnaṁ tasminnardheṣṭakāḥ pādeṣṭakāścopadadhyāt

Below the head, five quarter-bricks, interlocked, should be placed. So too, in front of the tail, wherever any part has been cut off, half-bricks and quarter-bricks should be placed there.

शेषमग्निं चतुर्भागीयाभिः प्रच्छादयेत् । पाद्याभिः सार्ध्याभिः संख्यां पूरयेत्

śeṣamagniṁ caturbhāgīyābhiḥ pracchādayet | pādyābhiḥ sārdhyābhiḥ saṁkhyāṁ pūrayet

The remaining fire-altar should be covered with quarter-measure bricks. The count should be completed with quarter-bricks together with half-bricks.

एष द्विशतः प्रस्तारः

eṣa dviśataḥ prastāraḥ

This is the two-hundred-brick layer.

अपरस्मिन्प्रस्तारे हंसमुखीश्चतस्रश्चतसृभिः पादेष्टकाभिः संयोजयेद्यथा दीर्घचतुरश्रं संपद्यते । तत्तिर्यक् स्वयमातृण्णावकाश उपदध्यात्

aparasminprastāre haṁsamukhīścatasraścatasṛbhiḥ pādeṣṭakābhiḥ saṁyojayedyathā dīrghacaturaśraṁ saṁpadyate | tattiryak svayamātṛṇṇāvakāśa upadadhyāt

In the other layer, one should join four 'goose-mouth' bricks with four quarter-bricks each, so that an oblong is formed. That should be placed crosswise, in the gap left for the self-split bricks.

हंसमुख्यौ प्रतीच्यौ पुच्छाप्ययेऽर्धपदेनात्मनि विशये । तयोरवस्तादभितस्तिस्रः पादेष्टकाः प्राङ्मुखीरुपदध्यात्

haṁsamukhyau pratīcyau pucchāpyaye'rdhapadenātmani viśaye | tayoravastādabhitastisraḥ pādeṣṭakāḥ prāṅmukhīrupadadhyāt

Two 'goose-mouth' bricks, facing west, at the joint of the tail, half a foot within the boundary-line of the body. Below these, on either side, three quarter-bricks, facing east, should be placed.

पुच्छस्यावस्तात्पञ्चदश पादेष्टका व्यतिषक्ता उपदध्यात्

pucchasyāvastātpañcadaśa pādeṣṭakā vyatiṣaktā upadadhyāt

Below the tail, fifteen quarter-bricks, interlocked, should be placed.

पादेष्टके अर्धेष्टकेति पक्षपत्राणां प्राचीर्व्यत्यासं चिनुयात्

pādeṣṭake ardheṣṭaketi pakṣapatrāṇāṁ prācīrvyatyāsaṁ cinuyāt

'Quarter-brick, half-brick' — in this order, one should build, facing east, the alternating pattern of the wing-feathers.

विशये यदपच्छिन्नं तस्मिन्नर्धेष्टकाः पादेष्टकाश्चोपदध्यात्

viśaye yadapacchinnaṁ tasminnardheṣṭakāḥ pādeṣṭakāścopadadhyāt

At the boundary-line, wherever any part has been cut off, half-bricks and quarter-bricks should be placed there.

शेषमग्निं चतुर्भागीयाभिः प्रच्छादयेत् । पाद्याभिः सार्ध्याभिः संख्यां पूरयेत्

śeṣamagniṁ caturbhāgīyābhiḥ pracchādayet | pādyābhiḥ sārdhyābhiḥ saṁkhyāṁ pūrayet

The remaining fire-altar should be covered with quarter-measure bricks. The count should be completed with quarter-bricks together with half-bricks.

अथापरः

athāparaḥ

Now, another method.

पुरुषस्य पञ्चमीभिः शतमशीतिः सप्तार्धं च सारत्निप्रादेशः सप्तविधः संपद्यते

puruṣasya pañcamībhiḥ śatamaśītiḥ saptārdhaṁ ca sāratniprādeśaḥ saptavidhaḥ saṁpadyate

With fifth-of-a-puruṣa bricks, a hundred and eighty and seven and a half — thus the seven-unit altar, with a cubit and a span, is produced.

Note: Gives the total brick count (187½) for this variant built from fifth-measure bricks.

तासां पञ्चाशद्द्वे चात्मन्यर्धचतुर्थ्यः शिरसि । पञ्चदश पुच्छे । अष्टपञ्चाशत्सार्ध्या दक्षिणे पक्ष उपदध्यात् । तथोत्तरे

tāsāṁ pañcāśaddve cātmanyardhacaturthyaḥ śirasi | pañcadaśa pucche | aṣṭapañcāśatsārdhyā dakṣiṇe pakṣa upadadhyāt | tathottare

Of these, fifty-two in the body; three-and-a-half-fold bricks in the head; fifteen in the tail. Fifty-eight, together with half-bricks, should be placed in the southern wing; so too in the northern.

अर्धव्यायामेन स्रक्तीनामपच्छेदः । संनतं पुच्छं । पक्षयोस्त्रिभिस्त्रिभिररत्निभिरपनामः । अध्यर्ध्याभिः षट् षट् पत्राणि कुर्यात् । आकृतिः शिरसो नित्या

ardhavyāyāmena sraktīnāmapacchedaḥ | saṁnataṁ pucchaṁ | pakṣayostribhistribhiraratnibhirapanāmaḥ | adhyardhyābhiḥ ṣaṭ ṣaṭ patrāṇi kuryāt | ākṛtiḥ śiraso nityā

The corners are cut off by half a vyāyāma. The tail is bent downward. Both wings are displaced by three cubits each. With one-and-a-half bricks, one should make six feathers each. The shape of the head is always fixed.

अथेष्टकानां विकाराः

atheṣṭakānāṁ vikārāḥ

Now, the varieties of bricks.

पुरुषस्य पञ्चम्यस्ता एवैकतोऽध्यर्धाः । ता एवैकतः सपादाः । पञ्चमभागीयायाः पाद्याः सार्ध्याः । तथाध्यर्धायाः । तयोश्चाष्टमभागौ तथा श्लेषयेद्यथा तिस्रः स्रक्तयो भवन्ति । पञ्चमभागीयायाश्चाष्टम्यः । तानि दश

puruṣasya pañcamyastā evaikato'dhyardhāḥ | tā evaikataḥ sapādāḥ | pañcamabhāgīyāyāḥ pādyāḥ sārdhyāḥ | tathādhyardhāyāḥ | tayoścāṣṭamabhāgau tathā śleṣayedyathā tisraḥ sraktayo bhavanti | pañcamabhāgīyāyāścāṣṭamyaḥ | tāni daśa

Bricks of a fifth of a puruṣa; the same made one-and-a-half-fold on one side; the same made with a quarter added on one side. The fifth-measure brick has quarter- and half-versions; so too the one-and-a-half-measure brick. The eighth-parts of these two should be joined so that three corners result. The fifth-measure brick also has eighth-versions. These make ten varieties in all.

आत्मनि पञ्चमभागीयाः सार्ध्या उपदध्यात् । तथा पुच्छे

ātmani pañcamabhāgīyāḥ sārdhyā upadadhyāt | tathā pucche

In the body, one should place fifth-measure bricks together with half-bricks. So too in the tail.

पक्षयोश्चाध्यर्धाः सार्ध्याः

pakṣayoścādhyardhāḥ sārdhyāḥ

And in both wings, one-and-a-half-measure bricks together with half-bricks.

शिरसि याः संभवन्ति

śirasi yāḥ saṁbhavanti

In the head, whichever bricks are suitable should be placed.

अपरस्मिन्प्रस्तारे पूर्वयोः पक्षाप्यययोरेकैकामुभयीमुपदध्यात् । एकैकामपरयोः । द्वे द्वे शिरसः पार्श्वयोः

aparasminprastāre pūrvayoḥ pakṣāpyayayorekaikāmubhayīmupadadhyāt | ekaikāmaparayoḥ | dve dve śirasaḥ pārśvayoḥ

In the other layer, at the two front wing-joints, one should place one double(-shaped) brick each; one each at the other joints; two each at the sides of the head.

पुच्छस्यावस्तादध्यर्धाः प्राचीर्यथावकाशम् । पार्श्वयोः पाद्याः साष्टमभागाः

pucchasyāvastādadhyardhāḥ prācīryathāvakāśam | pārśvayoḥ pādyāḥ sāṣṭamabhāgāḥ

Below the tail, one-and-a-half-measure bricks, facing east, as space allows. At the sides, quarter-bricks together with eighth-bricks.

पक्षयोश्चाध्यर्धाः सावयवाः

pakṣayoścādhyardhāḥ sāvayavāḥ

And in both wings, one-and-a-half-measure bricks, together with their subdivisions.

शेषं यथायोगं यथासंख्यं यथाधर्मं चोपदध्यात्

śeṣaṁ yathāyogaṁ yathāsaṁkhyaṁ yathādharmaṁ copadadhyāt

The rest should be placed appropriately, in the proper number, and according to the established rule.

कङ्कचित एतेनात्मा पुच्छं च व्याख्यातम्

kaṅkacita etenātmā pucchaṁ ca vyākhyātam

For the kaṅka-cit (the heron-shaped altar), the body and the tail are explained by this same (earlier) method.

शिरसि पञ्चोपदध्यात् । तस्याकृतिर्व्याख्यात

śirasi pañcopadadhyāt | tasyākṛtirvyākhyāta

In the head, one should place five (bricks). Its shape has already been explained.

सप्तपञ्चाशद्दक्षिणे पक्ष उपदध्यात् । तथोत्तरे

saptapañcāśaddakṣiṇe pakṣa upadadhyāt | tathottare

Fifty-seven bricks should be placed in the southern wing. So too in the northern.

व्यायामेन सप्रादेशेन पक्षयोरपनामः । पञ्चमभागीयार्ध्याभिः षट् षट् पत्राणि कुर्यात् । अध्यर्धावशिष्यते

vyāyāmena saprādeśena pakṣayorapanāmaḥ | pañcamabhāgīyārdhyābhiḥ ṣaṭ ṣaṭ patrāṇi kuryāt | adhyardhāvaśiṣyate

The displacement of the two wings is by a vyāyāma together with a span. With fifth-measure half-bricks, one should make six feathers each. One one-and-a-half brick remains over.

तया पुच्छस्यावस्तात् पादावरत्निमात्रावरत्न्यन्तरालौ प्रादेशव्यासौ भवतः । तयोरवस्तादभितो द्वौद्वावष्टमभागौ प्राग्भेदावुपदध्यात्

tayā pucchasyāvastāt pādāvaratnimātrāvaratnyantarālau prādeśavyāsau bhavataḥ | tayoravastādabhito dvaudvāvaṣṭamabhāgau prāgbhedāvupadadhyāt

With that remaining brick, below the tail, two cubit-long 'feet' are formed, with a cubit's gap between them, each a span wide. Below them, on either side, two eighth-bricks each, split toward the east, should be placed.

एवं सारत्निप्रादेशः सप्तविधः संपद्यते

evaṁ sāratniprādeśaḥ saptavidhaḥ saṁpadyate

Thus the seven-unit altar, with a cubit and a span, is produced.

अथेष्टकानां विकाराः । पञ्चमभागीयाः सावयवाः । पादेष्टकां चतुर्भिः परिगृह्णीयादर्धप्रादेशेनाध्यर्धप्रादेशेन प्रादेशेन प्रादेशसविशेषेनेति । अध्यर्धेष्टकां चतुर्भिः परिगृह्णीयादर्धव्यायामेन द्वाभ्यामरत्निभ्यामरत्निसविशेषेनेति । ताः षट्

atheṣṭakānāṁ vikārāḥ | pañcamabhāgīyāḥ sāvayavāḥ | pādeṣṭakāṁ caturbhiḥ parigṛhṇīyādardhaprādeśenādhyardhaprādeśena prādeśena prādeśasaviśeṣeneti | adhyardheṣṭakāṁ caturbhiḥ parigṛhṇīyādardhavyāyāmena dvābhyāmaratnibhyāmaratnisaviśeṣeneti | tāḥ ṣaṭ

Now, the varieties of bricks: fifth-measure bricks, with their subdivisions. The quarter-brick should be reckoned by four measures: half a span, one and a half spans, one span, and one span with something extra. The one-and-a-half-measure brick should be reckoned by four measures: half a vyāyāma, two cubits, and one cubit with something extra. These make six varieties.

तासां चतुरश्रपाद्याः साष्टमभागाः पादयोरुपधाय शेषं यथायोगं यथासंख्यं यथाधर्मं चोपदध्यात्

tāsāṁ caturaśrapādyāḥ sāṣṭamabhāgāḥ pādayorupadhāya śeṣaṁ yathāyogaṁ yathāsaṁkhyaṁ yathādharmaṁ copadadhyāt

Having placed the square quarter-bricks, together with their eighth-parts, at the two 'feet', the rest should be placed appropriately, in the proper number, and according to the established rule.

अलजचित एतेनात्मा शिरः पुच्छं च व्याख्यातं पादावपोद्धृत्य

alajacita etenātmā śiraḥ pucchaṁ ca vyākhyātaṁ pādāvapoddhṛtya

For the alaja-cit (the alaja-bird-shaped altar), the body, head and tail are explained by this same method, apart from the removal of the 'feet' (corner-pieces).

त्रिषष्टिर्दक्षिणे पक्ष उपदध्यात् । तथोत्तरे

triṣaṣṭirdakṣiṇe pakṣa upadadhyāt | tathottare

Sixty-three bricks should be placed in the southern wing. So too in the northern.

पुरुषेण पक्षयोरपनामः

puruṣeṇa pakṣayorapanāmaḥ

The displacement of the two wings is by one puruṣa.

अपरस्मादपनामात्प्राञ्चमरत्निं मित्वा तस्मिन्स्पन्द्यां नियम्यापरं पक्षपत्रापच्छेदमन्वायच्छेत्

aparasmādapanāmātprāñcamaratniṁ mitvā tasminspandyāṁ niyamyāparaṁ pakṣapatrāpacchedamanvāyacchet

From the further displacement-point, having measured one cubit forward, and having fastened the cord there, one should carry through the further cutting of the wing-feather.

एवं पञ्च पञ्चम्यः सार्ध्या उद्धृता भवन्ति

evaṁ pañca pañcamyaḥ sārdhyā uddhṛtā bhavanti

Thus five fifth-measure bricks, together with half-bricks, are obtained.

पादेष्टकामपनाम उपध्याय तासां चतुरश्र पाद्याः साष्टमभागा अपोद्धृत्य शेषं यथायोगं यथासंख्यं यथाधर्मं चोपदध्यात्

pādeṣṭakāmapanāma upadhyāya tāsāṁ caturaśra pādyāḥ sāṣṭamabhāgā apoddhṛtya śeṣaṁ yathāyogaṁ yathāsaṁkhyaṁ yathādharmaṁ copadadhyāt

Having placed a quarter-brick at the displacement-point, and having removed the square quarter-bricks together with their eighth-parts, the rest should be placed appropriately, in the proper number, and according to the established rule.

प्रौगचितं चिन्वीतेति

praugacitaṁ cinvīteti

'One should build the prauga-cit (the prow-shaped altar)' — it is taught.

यावानग्निः सारत्निप्रादेशस्तावत्प्रौगं कृत्वा तस्यापरस्याः करण्या द्वादशेनेष्टकास्तदर्धव्यासाः कारयेत् । तासामर्ध्याः पाद्याश्च

yāvānagniḥ sāratniprādeśastāvatpraugaṁ kṛtvā tasyāparasyāḥ karaṇyā dvādaśeneṣṭakāstadardhavyāsāḥ kārayet | tāsāmardhyāḥ pādyāśca

Having made the prauga-shape as large as the standard seven-unit fire-altar (with a cubit and a span), one should make bricks a twelfth of its far side, half as wide. There are also half- and quarter-bricks of these.

तासां द्वे अर्धेष्टके बाह्यसविशेषे चुबुक उपदध्यादर्ध्याश्चान्तयोः

tāsāṁ dve ardheṣṭake bāhyasaviśeṣe cubuka upadadhyādardhyāścāntayoḥ

Two half-bricks of these, extended slightly on the outside, should be placed at the chin (the forward point); and half-bricks at the two ends.

शेषमग्निं बृहतीभिः प्रच्छादयेदर्धेष्टकाभिः संख्यां पूरयेत्

śeṣamagniṁ bṛhatībhiḥ pracchādayedardheṣṭakābhiḥ saṁkhyāṁ pūrayet

The remaining fire-altar should be covered with bṛhatī (large) bricks; the count should be completed with half-bricks.

अपरस्मिन्प्रस्तारेऽपरस्मिन्ननीके सप्तचत्वारिंशत्पादेष्टका व्यतिषक्ता उपदध्यात्

aparasminprastāre'parasminnanīke saptacatvāriṁśatpādeṣṭakā vyatiṣaktā upadadhyāt

In the other layer, on the other face, forty-seven quarter-bricks, interlocked, should be placed.

चुबुक एकां शूलपाद्याम्

cubuka ekāṁ śūlapādyām

At the chin, one 'spear-footed' (śūla-pādyā) brick.

दीर्घे चेतरे चतस्रः स्वयमातृण्णावकाश उपदध्यादर्ध्याश्चान्तयोः

dīrghe cetare catasraḥ svayamātṛṇṇāvakāśa upadadhyādardhyāścāntayoḥ

On the long side and on the other side, four bricks should be placed in the gap left for the self-split bricks; half-bricks at the ends.

शेषमग्निं बृहतीभिः प्राचीभिः प्रच्छादयेदर्धेष्टकाभिः संख्यां पूरयेत्

śeṣamagniṁ bṛhatībhiḥ prācībhiḥ pracchādayedardheṣṭakābhiḥ saṁkhyāṁ pūrayet

The remaining fire-altar should be covered with bṛhatī bricks facing east; the count should be completed with half-bricks.

उभयतः प्रौगं चिन्वीतेति

ubhayataḥ praugaṁ cinvīteti

'One should build the prauga-shape on both sides' — it is taught.

यावानग्निः सारत्निप्रादेशस्तावदुभयतः प्रौगं कृत्वा नवमेन तिर्यङ्मान्याः प्रौगचितोक्ता विकाराः

yāvānagniḥ sāratniprādeśastāvadubhayataḥ praugaṁ kṛtvā navamena tiryaṅmānyāḥ praugacitoktā vikārāḥ

Having made the prauga-shape on both sides, as large as the standard seven-unit altar, by a ninth of the cross-measure, the modifications stated for the prauga-cit apply here too.

तथोपधानम्

tathopadhānam

The manner of laying too is the same.

अपरस्मिन्प्रस्तारे चुबुकयोर्द्ध्वे पादेष्टके उपदध्यात् । संध्यन्तयोश्च दीर्घपाद्ये

aparasminprastāre cubukayorddhve pādeṣṭake upadadhyāt | saṁdhyantayośca dīrghapādye

In the other layer, at the two chins, two quarter-bricks each should be placed; and at the ends of the joints, long quarter-bricks.

दीर्घे चेतरे च चतस्रः स्वयमातृण्णावकाश उपदध्यादर्ध्याश्चान्तयोः

dīrghe cetare ca catasraḥ svayamātṛṇṇāvakāśa upadadhyādardhyāścāntayoḥ

On the long side and on the other side, four bricks should be placed in the gap left for the self-split bricks; half-bricks at the ends.

शेषमग्निं बृहतीभिः प्राचीभिः प्रच्छादयेदर्धेष्टकाभिः संख्यां पूरयेत्

śeṣamagniṁ bṛhatībhiḥ prācībhiḥ pracchādayedardheṣṭakābhiḥ saṁkhyāṁ pūrayet

The remaining fire-altar should be covered with bṛhatī bricks facing east; the count should be completed with half-bricks.

रथचक्रचितं चिन्वीतेति विज्ञायते

rathacakracitaṁ cinvīteti vijñāyate

It is taught: 'one should build the ratha-cakra-cit (the chariot-wheel-shaped altar).'

द्वयानि तु खलु रथचक्राणि भवन्ति साराणि च प्रधियुक्तानि च । अविशेषात्ते मन्यामहेऽन्यतरस्याकृतिरिति

dvayāni tu khalu rathacakrāṇi bhavanti sārāṇi ca pradhiyuktāni ca | aviśeṣātte manyāmahe'nyatarasyākṛtiriti

There are indeed two kinds of chariot-wheels: solid ones, and ones fitted with a rim (pradhi). Since no distinction is given, we hold either shape to be acceptable.

अथाग्निं विमिमीते । यावानग्निः सारत्निप्रादेशस्तावतीं भूमिं परिमण्डलां कृत्वा तस्मिन्यावत्संभवेत्तावत्समचतुरश्रं कृत्वा तस्य करण्या द्वादशेनेष्टकाः कारयेत्

athāgniṁ vimimīte | yāvānagniḥ sāratniprādeśastāvatīṁ bhūmiṁ parimaṇḍalāṁ kṛtvā tasminyāvatsaṁbhavettāvatsamacaturaśraṁ kṛtvā tasya karaṇyā dvādaśeneṣṭakāḥ kārayet

Now one measures out the fire-altar. Having made a circular area equal to the standard seven-unit altar, and within it as large a square as will fit, one should make bricks a twelfth of its side.

तासां षट् प्रधावुपधाय शेषमष्टधा विभजेत्

tāsāṁ ṣaṭ pradhāvupadhāya śeṣamaṣṭadhā vibhajet

Having placed six of them in the rim, one should divide the rest into eight.

अपरं प्रस्तारं तथोपदध्याद्यथा प्रध्यनीकेषु स्रक्तयो भवन्ति

aparaṁ prastāraṁ tathopadadhyādyathā pradhyanīkeṣu sraktayo bhavanti

The other layer should be laid so that the corners fall at the joints of the rim-faces.

अथापरः

athāparaḥ

Now, another method.

पुरुषार्धात्पञ्चदशेनेष्टकाः समचतुरश्राः कारयेन्मानार्थाः

puruṣārdhātpañcadaśeneṣṭakāḥ samacaturaśrāḥ kārayenmānārthāḥ

From half a puruṣa, one should make square bricks a fifteenth part in size, for measuring purposes.

तासां द्वे शते पञ्चविंशतिश्च सारत्निप्रादेशः सप्तविधः संपद्यते

tāsāṁ dve śate pañcaviṁśatiśca sāratniprādeśaḥ saptavidhaḥ saṁpadyate

With two hundred and twenty-five of these, the seven-unit altar, with a cubit and a span, is produced.

तास्वन्याश्चतुःषष्टिमावपेत् । ताभिः समचतुरश्रं करोति । तस्य षोडशेष्टका पार्श्वमानी भवति । त्रयस्त्रिंशदतिशिष्यन्ते । ताभिरन्तान्सर्वशः परिचिनुयात्

tāsvanyāścatuḥṣaṣṭimāvapet | tābhiḥ samacaturaśraṁ karoti | tasya ṣoḍaśeṣṭakā pārśvamānī bhavati | trayastriṁśadatiśiṣyante | tābhirantānsarvaśaḥ paricinuyāt

To these, another sixty-four should be added. With those, a square is made whose side-measure is sixteen bricks. Thirty-three bricks remain over; with those one should build around the ends on every side.

नाभिः षोडश मध्यमाः । चतुःषष्टिरराश्चतुःषष्टिर्वेदिः । नेमिः शेषाः

nābhiḥ ṣoḍaśa madhyamāḥ | catuḥṣaṣṭirarāścatuḥṣaṣṭirvediḥ | nemiḥ śeṣāḥ

The nave (nābhi) is the sixteen middle bricks. The spokes (ara) are sixty-four; the rim-band (vedi) is also sixty-four. The felloe (nemi, the outer rim) is the rest.

नाभिमन्ततः परिलिखेत् । नेमिमन्ततश्चान्तरतश्च परिलिख्य । नेमिनाभ्योरन्तरालं द्वात्रिंशद्धा विभज्य विपर्यासं भागानुद्धरेत् । एवमावाप उद्धृतो भवति

nābhimantataḥ parilikhet | nemimantataścāntarataśca parilikhya | neminābhyorantarālaṁ dvātriṁśaddhā vibhajya viparyāsaṁ bhāgānuddharet | evamāvāpa uddhṛto bhavati

The nave should be traced from its (square) end. Having traced the felloe from its outer and inner edges, and having divided the interval between the felloe and the nave into thirty-two, one should remove the parts in alternating order. Thus the addition and removal is accomplished.

Note: A dense computational passage on laying out the wheel's nave, spokes and felloe; the geometric procedure is terse and technical even in the source.

नेमिं चतुःषष्टिं कृत्वा व्यवलिख्य मध्ये परिकृषेत् । ता अष्टाविंशतिशतं भवन्ति

nemiṁ catuḥṣaṣṭiṁ kṛtvā vyavalikhya madhye parikṛṣet | tā aṣṭāviṁśatiśataṁ bhavanti

Having made the felloe into sixty-four (parts) and marked it out, one should draw a line through the middle. These become one hundred and twenty-eight.

अरांश्चतुर्धा चतुर्धा नाभिमष्टधा विभजेत्

arāṁścaturdhā caturdhā nābhimaṣṭadhā vibhajet

The spokes should be divided four by four, and the nave into eight.

एष प्रथमः प्रस्तारः

eṣa prathamaḥ prastāraḥ

This is the first layer.

अपरस्मिन्प्रस्तारे नाभिमन्ततश्चतुर्थवेलायां परिकृषेत् । नेमिमन्तरतः

aparasminprastāre nābhimantataścaturthavelāyāṁ parikṛṣet | nemimantarataḥ

In the other layer, one should draw from the end of the nave at the fourth point; and the felloe from within.

नेमिमन्तरतश्चतुःषष्टिं कृत्वा व्यवलिखेत्

nemimantarataścatuḥṣaṣṭiṁ kṛtvā vyavalikhet

Having made the felloe, from within, into sixty-four (parts), one should mark it out.

अराणां पञ्चधा विभाग आपरिकर्षणयोः

arāṇāṁ pañcadhā vibhāga āparikarṣaṇayoḥ

The division of the spokes, at both drawing-points, is into five parts each.

नेम्यामन्तरालेषु द्वे द्वे नाभ्यामन्तरालेष्वेकैकां

nemyāmantarāleṣu dve dve nābhyāmantarāleṣvekaikāṁ

In the felloe's intervals, two bricks each; in the nave's intervals, one each.

यच्छेषं नाभेस्तदष्टधा विभजेत्

yaccheṣaṁ nābhestadaṣṭadhā vibhajet

Whatever remains of the nave should be divided into eight.

स एष षोडशकरणः सारो रथचक्रचित्

sa eṣa ṣoḍaśakaraṇaḥ sāro rathacakracit

This, then, is the sixteen-part, solid form of the chariot-wheel-altar (ratha-cakra-cit).

द्रोणचितं चिन्वीतेति विज्ञायते

droṇacitaṁ cinvīteti vijñāyate

It is taught: 'one should build the droṇa-cit (the trough-shaped altar).'

द्वयानि तु खलु द्रोणानि भवन्ति चतुरश्राणि च परिमण्डलानि च । अविशेषात्ते मन्यामहेऽन्यतरस्याकृतिरिति

dvayāni tu khalu droṇāni bhavanti caturaśrāṇi ca parimaṇḍalāni ca | aviśeṣātte manyāmahe'nyatarasyākṛtiriti

There are indeed two kinds of troughs: square ones and circular ones. Since no distinction is given, we hold either shape to be acceptable.

अथाग्निं विमिमीते । चतुरश्र आत्मा भवति । तस्य त्रयः पुरुषास्त्रिभागोनाः पर्श्वमानी

athāgniṁ vimimīte | caturaśra ātmā bhavati | tasya trayaḥ puruṣāstribhāgonāḥ parśvamānī

Now one measures out the fire-altar. The body is square. Its side-measure is three puruṣas less a third.

पश्चात्त्सरुर्भवति । तस्यार्धपुरुषो दशाङ्गुलानि च प्राची । त्रिभागोनः पुरुष उदीचीति

paścāttsarurbhavati | tasyārdhapuruṣo daśāṅgulāni ca prācī | tribhāgonaḥ puruṣa udīcīti

At the back is the handle (tsaru). Its eastern extent is half a puruṣa and ten aṅgulas; its northern extent is a puruṣa less a third.

एवं सारत्निप्रादेशः सप्तविधः संपद्यते

evaṁ sāratniprādeśaḥ saptavidhaḥ saṁpadyate

Thus the seven-unit altar, with a cubit and a span, is produced.

अथेष्टकानां विकाराः । पुरुषस्य षष्ठ्यस्ता एवैकतोऽध्यर्धाः । तासामर्ध्यास्तिर्यग्भेदाः पुरुषस्य चतुर्थ्य इति

atheṣṭakānāṁ vikārāḥ | puruṣasya ṣaṣṭhyastā evaikato'dhyardhāḥ | tāsāmardhyāstiryagbhedāḥ puruṣasya caturthya iti

Now, the varieties of bricks: sixth-measure bricks of a puruṣa; the same, made one-and-a-half-fold on one side. Their halves, cut crosswise, are quarter-measure bricks of a puruṣa.

तासां त्सरुश्रोण्यन्तरालयोः षट् षष्टीरुपधाय शेषमग्निं बृहतीभिः प्रच्छादयेत् । अर्धेष्टकाभिः संख्यां पूरयेत्

tāsāṁ tsaruśroṇyantarālayoḥ ṣaṭ ṣaṣṭīrupadhāya śeṣamagniṁ bṛhatībhiḥ pracchādayet | ardheṣṭakābhiḥ saṁkhyāṁ pūrayet

Having placed six sixth-measure bricks in the interval between the handle and the hip-corner, the remaining fire-altar should be covered with bṛhatī bricks; the count completed with half-bricks.

अपरस्मिन्प्रस्तारे दक्षिणेंऽसेऽध्यर्धामुदीचीमुपदध्यात् । तथोत्तरे

aparasminprastāre dakṣiṇeṁ'se'dhyardhāmudīcīmupadadhyāt | tathottare

In the other layer, at the southern shoulder, one should place a one-and-a-half brick facing north. So too at the northern.

पूर्वस्मिन्ननीके षड्भागीया उपदध्यात्

pūrvasminnanīke ṣaḍbhāgīyā upadadhyāt

On the front face, sixth-measure bricks should be placed.

दक्षिणोत्तरयोश्चतुर्भागीयाः

dakṣiṇottarayoścaturbhāgīyāḥ

On the south and north, quarter-measure bricks.

त्सरोः पुरस्तात्पार्श्वयोर्द्ध्वे चतुर्भागीये उपदध्यात् । तयोरवस्तादभितो द्वे द्वे अध्यर्धे विषूची । तयोरवस्तान्मध्यदेशे द्वे षष्ठ्यौ प्राच्यौ

tsaroḥ purastātpārśvayorddhve caturbhāgīye upadadhyāt | tayoravastādabhito dve dve adhyardhe viṣūcī | tayoravastānmadhyadeśe dve ṣaṣṭhyau prācyau

In front of the handle, on both sides, two quarter-measure bricks should be placed. Below them, on either side, two one-and-a-half bricks each, crosswise. Below them, in the middle region, two sixth-measure bricks, facing east.

शेषमग्निं बृहतीभिः प्राचीभिः प्रच्छादयेत् । अर्धेष्टकाभिः संख्यां पूरयेत्

śeṣamagniṁ bṛhatībhiḥ prācībhiḥ pracchādayet | ardheṣṭakābhiḥ saṁkhyāṁ pūrayet

The remaining fire-altar should be covered with bṛhatī bricks facing east; the count should be completed with half-bricks.

अथापरः

athāparaḥ

Now, another method.

पुरुषस्य षोडशीभिर्विंशशतं सारत्निप्रादेशः सप्तविधः संपद्यते

puruṣasya ṣoḍaśībhirviṁśaśataṁ sāratniprādeśaḥ saptavidhaḥ saṁpadyate

With sixteenth-measure bricks of a puruṣa, from a hundred and twenty (of them), the seven-unit altar, with a cubit and a span, is produced.

तासामेकामपोद्धृत्य शेषाः परिमण्डलं करोति

tāsāmekāmapoddhṛtya śeṣāḥ parimaṇḍalaṁ karoti

Having removed one of them, the rest form the circular shape.

तत्पूर्वेण रथचक्रचिता व्याख्यातम्

tatpūrveṇa rathacakracitā vyākhyātam

This has already been explained earlier, in the description of the chariot-wheel-altar.

षोडशीं पुरस्ताद्विशय उपधाय तया सह मण्डलं परिलिखेत्

ṣoḍaśīṁ purastādviśaya upadhāya tayā saha maṇḍalaṁ parilikhet

Having placed the sixteenth-brick in front, at the boundary-line, one should draw the circle together with it.

यदवस्तादपच्छिन्नं तत्पुरस्तादुपदध्यात्

yadavastādapacchinnaṁ tatpurastādupadadhyāt

Whatever is cut off at the bottom should be placed in front.

प्रधीनां सप्तधा विभागः

pradhīnāṁ saptadhā vibhāgaḥ

The division of the rim-sections (pradhi) is sevenfold.

प्रधिमध्यमाः प्रक्रमव्यासा भवन्ति

pradhimadhyamāḥ prakramavyāsā bhavanti

The middle rim-sections are one pace wide.

चतुरश्राणामर्ध्याभिः संख्यां पूरयेत्

caturaśrāṇāmardhyābhiḥ saṁkhyāṁ pūrayet

The count of the square sections should be completed with half-bricks.

अपरस्मिन्प्रस्तारे प्रधिमध्यमामोष्ठ उपधाय यदवस्तात्तद्द्वेधा विभजेत्

aparasminprastāre pradhimadhyamāmoṣṭha upadhāya yadavastāttaddvedhā vibhajet

In the other layer, having placed the middle rim-section at the edge, whatever remains at the bottom should be divided into two.

स एष नवकरणो द्रोणचित्परिमण्डलः

sa eṣa navakaraṇo droṇacitparimaṇḍalaḥ

This, then, is the nine-part circular droṇa-cit.

समूह्य परिचाय्यौ पूर्वेण रथचक्रचिता व्याख्यातौ

samūhya paricāyyau pūrveṇa rathacakracitā vyākhyātau

The samūhya ('gathering') and paricāyya ('covering') rites have already been explained earlier, in the chariot-wheel-altar.

समूह्यस्य दिक्षु चात्वालान् खानयित्वा तेभ्यः पुरीषं समूह्योपदध्यात्

samūhyasya dikṣu cātvālān khānayitvā tebhyaḥ purīṣaṁ samūhyopadadhyāt

For the 'gathering', having had the cātvāla-pits dug in the (cardinal) directions, one should collect the packing-earth from them and place it there.

परिचाय्य इष्टकानां देशभेदः

paricāyya iṣṭakānāṁ deśabhedaḥ

The 'covering' refers to the distinction of placement among the bricks.

तं सर्वाभिः प्रदक्षिणं परिचिनुयात्

taṁ sarvābhiḥ pradakṣiṇaṁ paricinuyāt

One should build around it entirely, keeping it to one's right, in the prasaviṇa (clockwise) order.

श्मशानचितं चिन्वीतेति विज्ञायते

śmaśānacitaṁ cinvīteti vijñāyate

It is taught: 'one should build the śmaśāna-cit (the burial-mound-shaped altar).'

सर्वमग्निं चतुरश्रान्पञ्चदश भागान्कृत्वा तेषामाख्यातमुपधानम्

sarvamagniṁ caturaśrānpañcadaśa bhāgānkṛtvā teṣāmākhyātamupadhānam

Having divided the whole fire-altar's square into fifteen parts, the laying-out of these has already been stated.

त्रिभिर्भागैर्भागार्धव्यासं दीर्घचतुरश्रं विहृत्य पूर्वस्याः करण्या मध्याच्छ्रोणी प्रत्यालिख्यान्तावुद्धरेत् । तस्य दशधा विभागः

tribhirbhāgairbhāgārdhavyāsaṁ dīrghacaturaśraṁ vihṛtya pūrvasyāḥ karaṇyā madhyācchroṇī pratyālikhyāntāvuddharet | tasya daśadhā vibhāgaḥ

Having laid out an oblong three parts long and half a part wide, one should draw the two hip-corners back from the middle of its former side, and remove the ends. Its division is tenfold.

तानि विंशतिः सर्वोऽग्निः संपद्यते

tāni viṁśatiḥ sarvo'gniḥ saṁpadyate

These twenty parts together make up the whole fire-altar.

अपरस्मिन्प्रस्तारे प्रौगमध्येऽनूचीनं विभजेत् । तस्य षड्धा विभागः । ते द्वे पर्श्वयोरुपदध्यात्

aparasminprastāre praugamadhye'nūcīnaṁ vibhajet | tasya ṣaḍdhā vibhāgaḥ | te dve parśvayorupadadhyāt

In the other layer, one should divide it lengthwise through the middle of the prow. Its division is sixfold; two of these parts should be placed on the two sides.

भागतृतीयायामश्चतुर्थव्यासाः कारयेत् । तासामर्ध्यास्तिर्यग्भेदाः

bhāgatṛtīyāyāmaścaturthavyāsāḥ kārayet | tāsāmardhyāstiryagbhedāḥ

One should make bricks a third of a part long and a fourth wide. Their halves, cut crosswise, are also used.

ता अन्तयोरुपधाय शेषमग्निं बृहतीभिः प्राचीभिः प्रच्छादयेत् । अर्धेष्टकाभिः संख्यां पूरयेत्

tā antayorupadhāya śeṣamagniṁ bṛhatībhiḥ prācībhiḥ pracchādayet | ardheṣṭakābhiḥ saṁkhyāṁ pūrayet

Having placed these at the two ends, the remaining fire-altar should be covered with bṛhatī bricks facing east; the count completed with half-bricks.

ऊर्ध्वप्रमाणमग्नेः पञ्चमेन वर्धयेत्

ūrdhvapramāṇamagneḥ pañcamena vardhayet

One should increase the vertical measure of the fire-altar by a fifth.

तत्सर्वं त्रेधा विभज्य द्वयोर्भागयोश्चतुर्थेन वा नवमेन वा चतुर्दशेन वेष्टकाः कारयेत्

tatsarvaṁ tredhā vibhajya dvayorbhāgayoścaturthena vā navamena vā caturdaśena veṣṭakāḥ kārayet

Having divided that whole (height) into three, for two of the parts one should make bricks a fourth, a ninth, or a fourteenth in measure.

ताभिश्चतस्रो वा नव वा चतुर्दश वा चितिरुपधाय शेषमवाञ्चमक्ष्णयापच्छिन्द्यात् । अर्धमुद्धरेत्

tābhiścatasro vā nava vā caturdaśa vā citirupadhāya śeṣamavāñcamakṣṇayāpacchindyāt | ardhamuddharet

Having laid, with these, four, nine, or fourteen layers, the remainder should be cut off diagonally, downward; the half should be removed.

तस्य नित्यो विभागो यथायोगमिष्टकानां ह्रासवृद्धि

tasya nityo vibhāgo yathāyogamiṣṭakānāṁ hrāsavṛddhi

Its regular division follows the appropriate increase and decrease of the bricks.

कूर्मचितं चिन्वीत यः कामयेत ब्रह्मलोकमभिजयेयमिति । विज्ञायते

kūrmacitaṁ cinvīta yaḥ kāmayeta brahmalokamabhijayeyamiti | vijñāyate

It is taught: 'one who desires "may I win the world of Brahman" should build the kūrma-cit (the tortoise-shaped altar).'

द्वयाः खलु कूर्मा भवन्ति वक्राङ्गाश्च परिमण्डलाश्च । अविशेषात्ते मन्यामहेऽन्यतरस्याकृतिरिति

dvayāḥ khalu kūrmā bhavanti vakrāṅgāśca parimaṇḍalāśca | aviśeṣātte manyāmahe'nyatarasyākṛtiriti

There are indeed two kinds of tortoises: those with bent limbs, and round ones. Since no distinction is given, we hold either shape to be acceptable.

अथाग्निं विमिमीते । चतुरश्र आत्मा भवति । तस्य दश प्रक्रमाः पार्श्वमानी भवति । तस्य द्वाभ्यां द्वाभ्यां प्रक्रमाभ्यां स्रक्तीनामपच्छेदः

athāgniṁ vimimīte | caturaśra ātmā bhavati | tasya daśa prakramāḥ pārśvamānī bhavati | tasya dvābhyāṁ dvābhyāṁ prakramābhyāṁ sraktīnāmapacchedaḥ

Now one measures out the fire-altar. The body is square. Its side-measure is ten paces. Its corners are cut off by two paces each.

पूर्वस्मिन्ननीके प्रक्रमप्रमाणानि चत्वारि चतुरश्राणि कृत्वा तेषां ये अन्त्ये ते अक्ष्णयापच्छिन्द्यात् । एवं दक्षिणत एवं पश्चादेवमुत्तरतः । स आत्मा

pūrvasminnanīke prakramapramāṇāni catvāri caturaśrāṇi kṛtvā teṣāṁ ye antye te akṣṇayāpacchindyāt | evaṁ dakṣiṇata evaṁ paścādevamuttarataḥ | sa ātmā

On the front face, having made four squares each of one pace's measure, one should cut off diagonally those that lie at the ends. So too on the south, so on the west, so on the north. That is the body.

शिरः पञ्चपदायाममर्धपुरुषव्यासम् । तस्यांसौ प्रक्रमेण प्रक्रमेणापच्छिन्द्यात्

śiraḥ pañcapadāyāmamardhapuruṣavyāsam | tasyāṁsau prakrameṇa prakrameṇāpacchindyāt

The head is five feet long and half a puruṣa wide. Its shoulders should be cut off by a pace each.

स्रक्त्यपच्छेदे पादानुन्नयेत् । तस्य द्विपदाक्ष्णया तिरश्ची तद्द्विगुणायाममनूची । तस्य द्विपदाक्ष्णया पूर्वमंसमपच्छिन्द्यात् । एतेनेतरेषां पादानामपच्छेदा व्याख्याताः । अपरयोः पादयोरपरावंसावपच्छिन्द्यात्

sraktyapacchede pādānunnayet | tasya dvipadākṣṇayā tiraścī taddviguṇāyāmamanūcī | tasya dvipadākṣṇayā pūrvamaṁsamapacchindyāt | etenetareṣāṁ pādānāmapacchedā vyākhyātāḥ | aparayoḥ pādayoraparāvaṁsāvapacchindyāt

At the corner-cutting, the 'feet' should be raised up. Their cross-measure is that of a two-foot diagonal; their length, twice that. By a two-foot diagonal, the front shoulder should be cut off. By this the cutting of the other feet is likewise explained. At the remaining two feet, the other two shoulders too should be cut off.

एवं सारत्निप्रादेशः सप्तविधः संपद्यते

evaṁ sāratniprādeśaḥ saptavidhaḥ saṁpadyate

Thus the seven-unit altar, with a cubit and a span, is produced.

तस्येष्टकाः कारयेत्पुरुषस्य चतुर्थ्यस्तासामर्ध्याः पाद्याश्च

tasyeṣṭakāḥ kārayetpuruṣasya caturthyastāsāmardhyāḥ pādyāśca

Its bricks should be made a fourth of a puruṣa. Half-bricks and quarter-bricks of these are also made.

अध्यर्धपाद्याश्चतुर्भिः परिगृह्णीयात्प्रक्रमेण द्वाभ्यां पदाभ्यां पदसविशेषेणेति

adhyardhapādyāścaturbhiḥ parigṛhṇīyātprakrameṇa dvābhyāṁ padābhyāṁ padasaviśeṣeṇeti

The one-and-a-half quarter-brick should be reckoned by four measures: one pace, two feet, and one foot with something extra.

ते द्वे यथा दीर्घसंश्लिष्टे स्यातां तथैकां कारयेत्

te dve yathā dīrghasaṁśliṣṭe syātāṁ tathaikāṁ kārayet

Those two should be joined so that they meet lengthwise; thus one should make them into one.

द्विपदाक्ष्णयार्धेन समचतुरश्रामेकां

dvipadākṣṇayārdhena samacaturaśrāmekāṁ

One square brick, by half of the two-foot diagonal.

उपधाने शिरसोऽग्रे चतुरश्रामुपदध्यात् । हंसमुख्याववस्तात्

upadhāne śiraso'gre caturaśrāmupadadhyāt | haṁsamukhyāvavastāt

In the laying: at the tip of the head, one should place a square brick. Below, two 'goose-mouth' bricks.

पञ्च पञ्च चतुरश्रा द्वे द्वे पादेष्टके इति पादेषूपदध्यात्

pañca pañca caturaśrā dve dve pādeṣṭake iti pādeṣūpadadhyāt

Five square bricks each, and two quarter-bricks each — thus these should be placed at the feet.

यद्यदपच्छिन्नं तस्मिन्नर्धेष्टका उपदध्यात्

yadyadapacchinnaṁ tasminnardheṣṭakā upadadhyāt

Wherever any part has been cut off, half-bricks should be placed there.

शेषमग्निं चतुर्भागीयाभिः प्रच्छादयेत् । अर्धेष्टकाभिः संख्यां पूरयेत्

śeṣamagniṁ caturbhāgīyābhiḥ pracchādayet | ardheṣṭakābhiḥ saṁkhyāṁ pūrayet

The remaining fire-altar should be covered with quarter-measure bricks; the count completed with half-bricks.

अपरस्मिन्प्रस्तारे शिरसोऽग्रे हंसमुखीमुपदध्यात्पादेष्टके अभितः

aparasminprastāre śiraso'gre haṁsamukhīmupadadhyātpādeṣṭake abhitaḥ

In the other layer, at the tip of the head, one should place the 'goose-mouth' brick, with quarter-bricks on either side.

तयोरवस्तादभितो द्वे द्वे अध्यर्ध पाद्ये विषूची

tayoravastādabhito dve dve adhyardha pādye viṣūcī

Below them, on either side, two one-and-a-half quarter-bricks each, crosswise.

तयोरवस्तादभितश्छेदसंहिते द्वे पादेष्टके

tayoravastādabhitaśchedasaṁhite dve pādeṣṭake

Below them, on either side, two joined-cut quarter-bricks each.

द्वे द्वे द्विपदे तिस्रस्तिस्रोऽर्धेष्टका इति पादेषूपदध्यात्

dve dve dvipade tisrastisro'rdheṣṭakā iti pādeṣūpadadhyāt

Two double-foot bricks each, and three half-bricks each — thus these should be placed at the feet.

यद्यदपच्छिन्नं तस्मिन्नर्धेष्टकाः पादेष्टकश्चोपदध्यात्

yadyadapacchinnaṁ tasminnardheṣṭakāḥ pādeṣṭakaścopadadhyāt

Wherever any part has been cut off, half-bricks and quarter-bricks should be placed there.

शेषमग्निं चतुर्भागीयाभिः प्रच्छादयेत्। अर्धेष्टकाभिः संख्यां पूरयेत्

śeṣamagniṁ caturbhāgīyābhiḥ pracchādayet | ardheṣṭakābhiḥ saṁkhyāṁ pūrayet

The remaining fire-altar should be covered with quarter-measure bricks; the count completed with half-bricks.

अथापरः

athāparaḥ

Now, another method.

पुरुषस्य षोडशीभिर्विंशशतं सारत्निप्रादेशः सप्तविधः संपद्यते

puruṣasya ṣoḍaśībhirviṁśaśataṁ sāratniprādeśaḥ saptavidhaḥ saṁpadyate

With sixteenth-measure bricks of a puruṣa, from a hundred and twenty (of them), the seven-unit altar, with a cubit and a span, is produced.

तासां पञ्च षोडशीरपोद्धृत्य शेषाः परिमण्डलं करोति । तदुत्तरेण द्रोणचिता व्याख्यातम्

tāsāṁ pañca ṣoḍaśīrapoddhṛtya śeṣāḥ parimaṇḍalaṁ karoti | taduttareṇa droṇacitā vyākhyātam

Having removed five sixteenth-bricks from these, the rest form the circular shape. This has already been explained above, in the droṇa-altar.

अथ ताः पञ्च षोडश्यस्ताभिरवान्तरदिक्षु पादानुन्नयेच्छिरः पुरस्तात् । तासां परिकर्षणं व्याख्यातम्

atha tāḥ pañca ṣoḍaśyastābhiravāntaradikṣu pādānunnayecchiraḥ purastāt | tāsāṁ parikarṣaṇaṁ vyākhyātam

Now, with those five sixteenth-bricks, one should raise up the 'feet' in the intermediate directions, with the head in front. Their tracing-out has already been explained.

प्रधीनां सप्तधा विभागः प्रधिमध्यमाः प्रक्रमव्यासा भवन्ति

pradhīnāṁ saptadhā vibhāgaḥ pradhimadhyamāḥ prakramavyāsā bhavanti

The division of the rim-sections is sevenfold; the middle rim-sections are one pace wide.

यदतिरिक्तं संपद्यते तच्चतुरश्राणामध्यर्धाभिर्योयुज्येत

yadatiriktaṁ saṁpadyate taccaturaśrāṇāmadhyardhābhiryoyujyeta

Whatever comes out in excess should be joined with one-and-a-half-measure squares.

अपरस्मिन्प्रस्तारे पादानां शिरोवद्विभागः शिरसः पादवत्

aparasminprastāre pādānāṁ śirovadvibhāgaḥ śirasaḥ pādavat

In the other layer, the division of the feet is as for the head, and the division of the head is as for the feet.

व्यत्यासं चिनुयाद्यावतः प्रस्तारांश्चिकीर्षेत्

vyatyāsaṁ cinuyādyāvataḥ prastārāṁścikīrṣet

One should build the alternation as many times as the number of layers one wishes to make.

कूर्मस्यान्ते तनु पुरीषमुपदध्यान्मध्ये बहुलम् । एतदेव द्रोणे विपरीतम्

kūrmasyānte tanu purīṣamupadadhyānmadhye bahulam | etadeva droṇe viparītam

At the edge of the tortoise-altar, the packing-earth should be laid thin, and thick in the middle. In the droṇa-altar this is exactly reversed.

अथ हैक एकविधप्रभृतीन्प्रौगादीन् ब्रुवते

atha haika ekavidhaprabhṛtīnpraugādīn bruvate

Now, some hold that the prauga and other shapes begin from the one-stage size onward.

समचतुरश्रानेक आचार्याः । तस्य करण्या द्वादशेनेष्टकाः कारायेत्तासामर्ध्याः पाद्याश्च

samacaturaśrāneka ācāryāḥ | tasya karaṇyā dvādaśeneṣṭakāḥ kārāyettāsāmardhyāḥ pādyāśca

Some teachers hold these to be square. Its bricks should be made a twelfth of its side; half-bricks and quarter-bricks of these are also made.

अथाश्वमेधिकस्याग्नेः पुरुषाभ्यासो नारत्निप्रादेशानां

athāśvamedhikasyāgneḥ puruṣābhyāso nāratniprādeśānāṁ

Now, for the aśvamedha fire-altar, the scaling is done by puruṣa-measures, not by cubit-and-span measures.

प्राकृतो वा त्रिगुणः । त्रिस्तावोऽग्निर्भवतीत्येकविंशोऽग्निर्भवतीत्युभयं ब्राह्मणमुभयं ब्राह्मणम्

prākṛto vā triguṇaḥ | tristāvo'gnirbhavatītyekaviṁśo'gnirbhavatītyubhayaṁ brāhmaṇamubhayaṁ brāhmaṇam

Or else, the standard measure should be tripled. 'The fire-altar becomes threefold in extent' — 'the fire-altar becomes twenty-one-fold in extent' — both are brāhmaṇa statements, both are brāhmaṇa statements.

Note: The closing sutra of the text, ending with the deliberate doubled refrain 'ubhayaṃ brāhmaṇam ubhayaṃ brāhmaṇam' ('both are brāhmaṇa statements') as it appears in the source, marking the conclusion of the Baudhāyana Śulbasūtra.