Yamashtakam — Savitri's Hymn to Yama
यमाष्टकम् — सावित्री द्वारा यम स्तुति
Yamashtakam — the eight verses Savitri sang to Yama, lord of death and righteousness, when she followed him to win back Satyavan. From the Brahmavaivarta Purana, with the Sanskrit, transliteration and meaning of every verse, and the Devi Bhagavata Purana's variant readings noted. Recited on Yama Dwitiya (Bhai Dooj) and Narak Chaturdashi.
Text verbatim from the Brahmavaivarta Purana, Prakriti Khanda, chapter 28 (Sanskrit Wikisource), cross-checked against the same hymn in the Devi Bhagavata Purana 9.31. Where the two differ, each verse records the Devi Bhagavata reading. Only orthography was normalised (doubled consonants after r). Read the full chapter
यमाष्टकम् — वे आठ श्लोक जिनसे सावित्री ने सत्यवान को वापस पाने के लिए यमराज की स्तुति की। ब्रह्मवैवर्त पुराण से, प्रत्येक श्लोक के संस्कृत पाठ, लिप्यंतरण और अर्थ सहित, तथा देवी भागवत पुराण के पाठभेदों के साथ। यम द्वितीया (भाई दूज) और नरक चतुर्दशी पर पढ़ा जाता है।
तपसा धर्ममाराध्य पुष्करे भास्करः पुरा । धर्मांशं यं सुतं प्राप धर्मराजं नमाम्यहम् ॥ १ ॥
tapasā dharmamārādhya puṣkare bhāskaraḥ purā | dharmāṃśaṃ yaṃ sutaṃ prāpa dharmarājaṃ namāmyaham || 1 ||
प्राचीन काल में पुष्कर में सूर्यदेव ने तपस्या द्वारा धर्म की आराधना की और धर्म के अंश रूप पुत्र को प्राप्त किया। उन धर्मराज को मैं प्रणाम करती हूँ।
Long ago at Pushkara the Sun worshipped Dharma through austerity, and obtained a son who was a portion of Dharma himself. To that Dharmaraja I bow.
Source · स्रोत: Brahmavaivarta Purana, Prakriti Khanda 28.8. Devi Bhagavata Purana 9.31 reads "dharmaṃ sūryaḥ sutaṃ prāpa" — "the Sun obtained Dharma as his son" — where this has "a son who was a portion of Dharma".
समता सर्वभूतेषु यस्य सर्वस्य साक्षिणः । अतो यन्नाम शमनमिति तं प्रणमाम्यहम् ॥ २ ॥
samatā sarvabhūteṣu yasya sarvasya sākṣiṇaḥ | ato yannāma śamanamiti taṃ praṇamāmyaham || 2 ||
जो सबके साक्षी हैं और सभी प्राणियों के प्रति समभाव रखते हैं — इसीलिए जिनका नाम शमन है, उन्हें मैं प्रणाम करती हूँ।
He, the witness of all, holds every being as equal; therefore his name is Shamana, the one who brings all to rest. To him I bow.
Source · स्रोत: Brahmavaivarta Purana, Prakriti Khanda 28.9. Identical in Devi Bhagavata Purana 9.31.
येनान्तश्च कृतो विश्वे सर्वेषां जीविनां परम् । कर्मानुरूपकालेन तं कृतान्तं नमाम्यहम् ॥ ३ ॥
yenāntaśca kṛto viśve sarveṣāṃ jīvināṃ param | karmānurūpakālena taṃ kṛtāntaṃ namāmyaham || 3 ||
जो संसार में सभी जीवों का अन्त उनके कर्मों के अनुरूप समय पर करते हैं, उन कृतान्त को मैं प्रणाम करती हूँ।
He brings about the final end of every living being in the world, at the time their own deeds have earned. To that Kritanta, the ender, I bow.
Source · स्रोत: Brahmavaivarta Purana, Prakriti Khanda 28.10. Devi Bhagavata Purana 9.31 reads "kāmānurūpaṃ kālena" — "in time, according to their desires" — where this has "in the time their deeds have earned".
बिभर्ति दण्डं दण्ड्याय पापिनां शुद्धिहेतवे । नमामि तं दण्डधरं यः शास्ता सर्वकर्मणाम् ॥ ४ ॥
bibharti daṇḍaṃ daṇḍyāya pāpināṃ śuddhihetave | namāmi taṃ daṇḍadharaṃ yaḥ śāstā sarvakarmaṇām || 4 ||
जो पापियों की शुद्धि के लिए दण्डनीय को दण्ड देने हेतु दण्ड धारण करते हैं, सभी कर्मों के शासक उन दण्डधर को मैं प्रणाम करती हूँ।
He bears the rod of punishment for those who deserve it, so that sinners may be purified. I bow to that Dandadhara, the ruler over every deed.
Source · स्रोत: Brahmavaivarta Purana, Prakriti Khanda 28.11. Devi Bhagavata Purana 9.31 reads "daṇḍāya" for "daṇḍyāya" and "sarvajīvinām" — "of all living beings" — for "sarvakarmaṇām", "of all deeds".
विश्वे यः कलयत्येव सर्वायुश्चापि सन्ततम् । अतीव दुर्निवार्यञ्च तं कालं प्रणमाम्यहम् ॥ ५ ॥
viśve yaḥ kalayatyeva sarvāyuścāpi santatam | atīva durnivāryañca taṃ kālaṃ praṇamāmyaham || 5 ||
जो संसार में सबकी आयु की निरन्तर गणना करते हैं और जिन्हें किसी प्रकार टाला नहीं जा सकता, उन काल को मैं प्रणाम करती हूँ।
Ceaselessly he measures out the lifespan of everything in the world, and no one can turn him aside. To that Kala, Time itself, I bow.
Source · स्रोत: Brahmavaivarta Purana, Prakriti Khanda 28.12. Devi Bhagavata Purana 9.31 reads "viśvaṃ ca kalayaty eva yaḥ sarveṣu ca santatam" — "who ceaselessly measures out the world and all within it".
तपस्वी वैष्णवो धर्मी संयमी विजितेन्द्रियः । जीविनां कर्मफलदं तं यमं प्रणमाम्यहम् ॥ ६ ॥
tapasvī vaiṣṇavo dharmī saṃyamī vijitendriyaḥ | jīvināṃ karmaphaladaṃ taṃ yamaṃ praṇamāmyaham || 6 ||
जो तपस्वी, वैष्णव, धर्मात्मा, संयमी और जितेन्द्रिय हैं, तथा जीवों को उनके कर्मों का फल देते हैं, उन यम को मैं प्रणाम करती हूँ।
Ascetic, devoted to Vishnu, righteous, self-restrained and master of his senses, he gives every living being the fruit of its actions. To that Yama I bow.
Source · स्रोत: Brahmavaivarta Purana, Prakriti Khanda 28.13. Devi Bhagavata Purana 9.31 has a Shakta reading here — "tapasvī brahmaniṣṭho yaḥ saṃyamī sañjitendriyaḥ", "devoted to Brahman" in place of "devoted to Vishnu" — matching its framing line, which says Yama taught Savitri "śakti-bhajanam" where the Brahmavaivarta says "viṣṇu-bhajanam".
स्वात्मारामञ्च सर्वज्ञो मित्रं पुण्यकृतां भवेत् । पापिनां क्लेशदो यश्च पुण्यं मित्रं नमाम्यहम् ॥ ७ ॥
svātmārāmañca sarvajño mitraṃ puṇyakṛtāṃ bhavet | pāpināṃ kleśado yaśca puṇyaṃ mitraṃ namāmyaham || 7 ||
जो आत्माराम और सर्वज्ञ हैं, पुण्य करने वालों के मित्र हैं और पापियों को क्लेश देते हैं — उन पुण्यात्माओं के मित्र को मैं प्रणाम करती हूँ।
Delighting in his own Self and knowing all things, he is a friend to those who do good and brings suffering to the wicked. To him, the friend of the virtuous, I bow.
Source · स्रोत: Brahmavaivarta Purana, Prakriti Khanda 28.14. Devi Bhagavata Purana 9.31 reads "svātmārāmaś ca" and "puṇyamitraṃ" — "the friend of the virtuous" — as one compound; the rendering follows that sense.
यज्जन्म ब्रह्मणो वंशे ज्वलन्तं ब्रह्मतेजसा । यो ध्यायति परं ब्रह्म ब्रह्मवंशं नमाम्यहम् ॥ ८ ॥
yajjanma brahmaṇo vaṃśe jvalantaṃ brahmatejasā | yo dhyāyati paraṃ brahma brahmavaṃśaṃ namāmyaham || 8 ||
जिनका जन्म ब्रह्मा के वंश में हुआ है, जो ब्रह्मतेज से प्रकाशित हैं और परब्रह्म का ध्यान करते हैं, उन ब्रह्मवंशी को मैं प्रणाम करती हूँ।
Born in the line of Brahma and blazing with the radiance of Brahman, he meditates on the supreme Brahman. To him of Brahma's lineage I bow.
Source · स्रोत: Brahmavaivarta Purana, Prakriti Khanda 28.15. Devi Bhagavata Purana 9.31 reads "brahmaṇo 'ṃśena" — "born of a portion of Brahma" — and ends "tam īśaṃ praṇamāmy aham", "I bow to that lord".
इदं यमाष्टकं नित्यं प्रातरुत्थाय यः पठेत् । यमात्तस्य भयं नास्ति सर्वपापात्प्रमुच्यते ॥ ९ ॥
idaṃ yamāṣṭakaṃ nityaṃ prātarutthāya yaḥ paṭhet | yamāttasya bhayaṃ nāsti sarvapāpātpramucyate || 9 ||
जो प्रतिदिन प्रातः उठकर इस यमाष्टक का पाठ करता है, उसे यम से भय नहीं रहता और वह सब पापों से मुक्त हो जाता है।
Whoever rises in the morning and recites this Yamashtaka every day has no fear of Yama, and is freed from all sin.
Source · स्रोत: Brahmavaivarta Purana, Prakriti Khanda 28.17. Identical in Devi Bhagavata Purana 9.31.
महापापी यदि पठेन्नित्यं भक्त्या च नारद । यमः करोति तं शुद्धं कायव्यूहेन निश्चितम् ॥ १० ॥
mahāpāpī yadi paṭhennityaṃ bhaktyā ca nārada | yamaḥ karoti taṃ śuddhaṃ kāyavyūhena niścitam || 10 ||
हे नारद! यदि महापापी भी प्रतिदिन भक्तिपूर्वक इसका पाठ करे, तो यम निश्चय ही कायव्यूह द्वारा — कर्मों को शरीरों के क्रम में भोगवाकर — उसे शुद्ध कर देते हैं।
Even a great sinner, O Narada, who recites it daily with devotion — Yama assuredly makes him pure, working out his karma through the array of his embodiments.
Source · स्रोत: Brahmavaivarta Purana, Prakriti Khanda 28.18. Devi Bhagavata Purana 9.31 reads "bhaktisamanvitaḥ", "filled with devotion", for "bhaktyā ca nārada", and "saṃśuddham" for "taṃ śuddham". Narada is addressed because the whole Purana is Narayana's teaching to Narada.
Yamashtakam — Savitri's Hymn to Yama
Savitri, in the Brahmavaivarta Purana (Prakriti Khanda 28)
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