Brahmins Fit and Unfit for Shraddha

Verse 1 (13.137.1)

कीदृशेभ्यः प्रदातव्यं भवेच्छ्राद्धं पितामह । द्विजेभ्यः कुरुशार्दूल तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥

kīdṛśebhyaḥ pradātavyaṃ bhavecchrāddhaṃ pitāmaha | dvijebhyaḥ kuruśārdūla tanme vyākhyātumarhasi

Grandsire, to what kind of brahmins should the shraddha be given? O tiger of the Kurus, you should explain this to me.

Verse 2 (13.137.2)

ब्राह्मणान्न परीक्षेत क्षत्रियो दानधर्मवित् । दैवे कर्मणि पित्र्ये तु न्यायमाहुः परीक्षणम् ॥

brāhmaṇānna parīkṣeta kṣatriyo dānadharmavit | daive karmaṇi pitrye tu nyāyamāhuḥ parīkṣaṇam

A kshatriya who knows the dharma of giving should not examine brahmins in a rite for the gods; but in a rite for the ancestors, they say, examination is proper.

Verse 3 (13.137.3)

देवताः पावयन्तीह दैवेनैवेह तेजसा । उपेत्य तस्माद्देवेभ्यः सर्वेभ्यो दापयेन्नरः ॥

devatāḥ pāvayantīha daivenaiveha tejasā | upetya tasmāddevebhyaḥ sarvebhyo dāpayennaraḥ

The gods purify in this world by their own divine radiance alone. Therefore a man should approach them and have the offering given on behalf of all the gods.

Verse 4 (13.137.4)

श्राद्धे त्वथ महाराज परीक्षेद्ब्राह्मणान्बुधः । कुलशीलवयोरूपैर्विद्ययाऽभिजनेन च ॥

śrāddhe tvatha mahārāja parīkṣedbrāhmaṇānbudhaḥ | kulaśīlavayorūpairvidyayā'bhijanena ca

But in a shraddha, great king, a wise man should examine the brahmins: by family, conduct, age, appearance, learning and birth.

Verse 5 (13.137.5)

तेषामन्ये पङ्क्तिदूष्यास्तथाऽन्ये पङ्क्तिपावनाः । अपाङ्क्तेयास्तु ये राजन्कीर्तयिष्यामि ताञ्शृणु ॥

teṣāmanye paṅktidūṣyāstathā'nye paṅktipāvanāḥ | apāṅkteyāstu ye rājankīrtayiṣyāmi tāñśṛṇu

Among them, some defile the row and others purify it. O king, I shall name those who are unfit for the row; listen.

Verse 6 (13.137.6)

कितवो भ्रूणहा यक्ष्मी पशुपालो निराकृतिः । ग्रामप्रेष्यो वार्धुषिको गायनः सर्वविक्रयी ॥

kitavo bhrūṇahā yakṣmī paśupālo nirākṛtiḥ | grāmapreṣyo vārdhuṣiko gāyanaḥ sarvavikrayī

A gambler, one who has killed an embryo, a consumptive, a herdsman, one without learning, a servant of the village, a usurer, a singer, one who sells everything,

Note on the text: Corrected यक्ष्मीं → यक्ष्मी (misprint in Wikisource; a stray anusvara; the word is a nominative in a list, CE 'yakṣmī').

Verse 7 (13.137.7)

अगारदाही गरदः कुण्डाशी सोमविक्रयी । सामुद्रिको राजभृत्यस्तैलिकः कूटकारकः ॥

agāradāhī garadaḥ kuṇḍāśī somavikrayī | sāmudriko rājabhṛtyastailikaḥ kūṭakārakaḥ

one who sets houses on fire, a poisoner, one who eats the food of a kunda, a seller of soma, a seafarer, a servant of the king, an oil-presser, and a forger;

Verse 8 (13.137.8)

पित्रा विभजमानश्च यस्य चोपपतिर्गृहे । अभिशस्तस्तथा स्तेनः शिल्पं यश्चोपजीवति ॥

pitrā vibhajamānaśca yasya copapatirgṛhe | abhiśastastathā stenaḥ śilpaṃ yaścopajīvati

one who divides the property with his father, one in whose house there is a paramour, one under a curse, a thief, and one who lives by a craft;

Note on the text: Corrected चोपजीवती → चोपजीवति (misprint in Wikisource; long ई for short इ; CE 'upajīvati').

Verse 9 (13.137.9)

पर्वकारश्च सूची च मित्रध्रुक् पारदारिकः । अव्रतानामुपाध्यायः काण्डपृष्ठस्तथैव च ॥

parvakāraśca sūcī ca mitradhruk pāradārikaḥ | avratānāmupādhyāyaḥ kāṇḍapṛṣṭhastathaiva ca

one who goes about in another's guise, an informer, a betrayer of friends, an adulterer, a teacher of those without vows, and likewise one who lives by weapons;

Verse 10 (13.137.10)

श्वभिश्च यः परिक्रामेद्यः शुना दष्ट एव च । परिवित्तिश्च यश्च स्याद्दुश्चर्मा गुरुतल्पगः ॥

śvabhiśca yaḥ parikrāmedyaḥ śunā daṣṭa eva ca | parivittiśca yaśca syādduścarmā gurutalpagaḥ

one who goes about with dogs, one who has been bitten by a dog, an elder brother passed over by a younger one's marriage, one with a diseased skin, one who defiles his teacher's bed;

Note on the text: Matched by hand to CE 13,090.010 (lines a and c); the aligner found no match.

Verse 11 (13.137.11)

कुशीलवो देवलको नक्षत्रैर्यश्च जीवति । ईदृशैर्ब्राह्मणैर्भुक्तमपाङ्क्तेयैर्युधिष्ठिर ॥

kuśīlavo devalako nakṣatrairyaśca jīvati | īdṛśairbrāhmaṇairbhuktamapāṅkteyairyudhiṣṭhira

an actor, a temple-priest, and one who lives by the nakshatras. What is eaten by such brahmins, unfit for the row, O Yudhishthira,

Note on the text: Corrected जीवती → जीवति (misprint in Wikisource; CE 'jīvati'). Matched by hand to CE: the first line is CE 13,090.010e, the second is star line 13,090.010f*0409_01 ('īdṛśair brāhmaṇair bhuktam apāṅkteyair yudhiṣṭhira').

Verse 12 (13.137.12)

रक्षांसि गच्छते हव्यमित्याहुर्ब्रह्मवादिनः । श्राद्धं भुक्त्वा त्वधीयीत वृषलीतल्पगश्च यः ॥

rakṣāṃsi gacchate havyamityāhurbrahmavādinaḥ | śrāddhaṃ bhuktvā tvadhīyīta vṛṣalītalpagaśca yaḥ

goes to the rakshasas as an oblation, say the knowers of Brahman. And whoever, having eaten at a shraddha, goes on to study, or lies with a low-caste woman,

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's numbered text: star passage 13,090.010f*0409_02-03.

Verse 13 (13.137.13)

पुरीषे तस्य ते मासं पितरस्तस्य शेरते । सोमविक्रयिणे विष्ठा भिषजे पूयशोणितम् ॥

purīṣe tasya te māsaṃ pitarastasya śerate | somavikrayiṇe viṣṭhā bhiṣaje pūyaśoṇitam

his ancestors lie for a month in that man's excrement. For the seller of soma the offering becomes filth, and for the physician, pus and blood.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's numbered text: star passage 13,090.010f*0409_04-05.

Verse 14 (13.137.14)

नष्टं देवलके दत्तमप्रतिष्ठं च वार्धुषे । यत्तु वाणिजके दत्तं नेह नामुत्र तद्भवेत् । भस्मनीव हुतं हव्यं तथा पौनर्भवे द्विजे ॥

naṣṭaṃ devalake dattamapratiṣṭhaṃ ca vārdhuṣe | yattu vāṇijake dattaṃ neha nāmutra tadbhavet | bhasmanīva hutaṃ havyaṃ tathā paunarbhave dvije

What is given to a temple-priest is lost, and what is given to a usurer has no standing. What is given to a trader bears fruit neither here nor in the next world; and an oblation offered to a twice-born who is the son of a remarried woman is like an oblation poured on ashes.

Note on the text: Three-line verse as printed on the page (13-137-14a,b,c). Not in the critical edition's numbered text: star passage 13,090.010f*0409_06-08.

Verse 15 (13.137.15)

ये तु धर्मव्यपेतेषु चारित्रापगतेषु च । हव्यं कव्यं प्रयच्छन्ति येषां तत्प्रेत्य नश्यति ॥

ye tu dharmavyapeteṣu cāritrāpagateṣu ca | havyaṃ kavyaṃ prayacchanti yeṣāṃ tatpretya naśyati

Those who give oblations and offerings to the ancestors to men who have fallen from dharma and abandoned right conduct lose them; it perishes for them after death.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's numbered text: star passage 13,090.010f*0409_09-10.

Verse 16 (13.137.16)

ज्ञानपूर्वं तु ये तेभ्यः प्रयच्छन्त्यल्पबुद्धयः । पुरीषं भुञ्जते तस्य पितरः प्रेत्य निश्चयः ॥

jñānapūrvaṃ tu ye tebhyaḥ prayacchantyalpabuddhayaḥ | purīṣaṃ bhuñjate tasya pitaraḥ pretya niścayaḥ

Those of little understanding who knowingly give to such men: their ancestors, after death, eat excrement. This is certain.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's numbered text: star passage 13,090.010f*0409_11-12.

Verse 17 (13.137.17)

एतानिमान्विजानीयादपाङ्क्तेयान्द्विजाधमान् । शूद्राणामुपदेशं च ये कुर्वन्त्यल्पचेतसः ॥

etānimānvijānīyādapāṅkteyāndvijādhamān | śūdrāṇāmupadeśaṃ ca ye kurvantyalpacetasaḥ

One should recognise these as unfit for the row, the lowest of the twice-born, as also those of little mind who give instruction to Shudras.

Verse 18 (13.137.18)

षष्टिं काणः शतं षण्डः श्वित्री यावत्प्रपश्यति । पङ्क्त्यां समुपविष्टायां तावद्दूषयते नृप ॥

ṣaṣṭiṃ kāṇaḥ śataṃ ṣaṇḍaḥ śvitrī yāvatprapaśyati | paṅktyāṃ samupaviṣṭāyāṃ tāvaddūṣayate nṛpa

A one-eyed man spoils sixty, an impotent man a hundred, and a man with white leprosy as many as he can see: for so many does he defile, O king, in a row that is seated.

Verse 19 (13.137.19)

यद्वेष्टितशिरा भुङ्क्ते यद्भुङ्क्ते दक्षिणामुखः । सोपानत्कश्च यद्भुङ्क्ते सर्वं विद्यात्तदासुरम् ॥

yadveṣṭitaśirā bhuṅkte yadbhuṅkte dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ | sopānatkaśca yadbhuṅkte sarvaṃ vidyāttadāsuram

What is eaten with the head covered, what is eaten facing south, and what is eaten with sandals on: know all of that to belong to the asuras.

Verse 20 (13.137.20)

असूयता च यदत्तं यच्च श्रद्धाविवर्जितम् । सर्वं तदसुरेन्द्राय ब्रह्मा भागमकल्पयत् ॥

asūyatā ca yadattaṃ yacca śraddhāvivarjitam | sarvaṃ tadasurendrāya brahmā bhāgamakalpayat

What is given with ill will, and what is without faith: all that Brahma assigned as a share to the lord of the asuras.

Verse 21 (13.137.21)

श्वानश्च पङ्क्तिदूषाश्च नावेक्षेरन्कथञ्चन । तस्मात्परिसृते दद्यात्तिलांश्चान्ववकीरयेत् ॥

śvānaśca paṅktidūṣāśca nāvekṣerankathañcana | tasmātparisṛte dadyāttilāṃścānvavakīrayet

Dogs and defilers of the row must not be allowed to see it in any way. Therefore one should give in an enclosed place and scatter sesame seeds.

Verse 22 (13.137.22)

तिलैर्विरहितं श्राद्धं कृतं क्रोधवशेन च । यातुधानाः पिशाचाश्च विप्रलुम्पन्ति तद्धविः ॥

tilairvirahitaṃ śrāddhaṃ kṛtaṃ krodhavaśena ca | yātudhānāḥ piśācāśca vipralumpanti taddhaviḥ

A shraddha without sesame, or performed under the sway of anger: the yatudhanas and pishachas snatch away that offering.

Note on the text: Matched by hand to CE: the first line is star line 13,090.016b*0410_01 ('tilair virahitaṃ śrāddhaṃ kṛtaṃ krodhavaśena ca'), the second is CE 13,090.016c.

Verse 23 (13.137.23)

अपाङ्क्तो यावतः पाङ्क्तान्भुञ्जानाननुपश्यति । तावत्फलाद्भ्रंशयति दातारं तस्य बालिशम् ॥

apāṅkto yāvataḥ pāṅktānbhuñjānānanupaśyati | tāvatphalādbhraṃśayati dātāraṃ tasya bāliśam

However many seated men of the row one who is unfit for the row sees eating, of that much fruit he deprives the foolish giver.

Note on the text: Corrected तावत्फलाद्धंशयति → तावत्फलाद्भ्रंशयति (misprint in Wikisource; broken conjunct; CE 'bhraṃśayati'). Matched by hand to CE 13,090.017.

Verse 24 (13.137.24)

इमे तु भरतश्रेष्ठ विज्ञेयाः पङ्क्तिपावनाः । हेतुतस्तान्प्रवक्ष्यामि परीक्षस्वेह तान्द्विजान् ॥

ime tu bharataśreṣṭha vijñeyāḥ paṅktipāvanāḥ | hetutastānpravakṣyāmi parīkṣasveha tāndvijān

And these, O best of the Bharatas, are to be known as the purifiers of the row. I shall tell you the reason; examine those brahmins accordingly.

Verse 25 (13.137.25)

विद्यावेदव्रतस्नाता ब्राह्मणाः सर्व एव हि । सदाचारपराश्चैव विज्ञेयाः सर्वपावनाः ॥

vidyāvedavratasnātā brāhmaṇāḥ sarva eva hi | sadācāraparāścaiva vijñeyāḥ sarvapāvanāḥ

Brahmins who have graduated in learning, in the Veda and in the vows, and who are devoted to good conduct, are to be known as purifiers of all.

Note on the text: Matched by hand to CE: the first line is a variant of CE 13,090.019a, the second is star line 13,090.019b*0411_01 ('sadācāraparāś caiva vijñeyāḥ sarvapāvanāḥ').

Verse 26 (13.137.26)

पाङ्क्तेयांस्तु प्रवक्ष्यामि ज्ञेयास्ते पङ्क्तिपावनाः । त्रिणाचिकेतः पञ्चाग्निस्त्रिसुपर्णः षडङ्गवित् ॥

pāṅkteyāṃstu pravakṣyāmi jñeyāste paṅktipāvanāḥ | triṇāciketaḥ pañcāgnistrisuparṇaḥ ṣaḍaṅgavit

I shall name those fit for the row, who are to be known as purifiers of the row: a Trinachiketa, a Panchagni, a Trisuparna, a knower of the six limbs of the Veda;

Note on the text: Matched by hand to CE: the first line is a variant of CE 13,090.019c, the second is CE 13,090.020a.

Verse 27 (13.137.27)

ब्रह्मदेयानुसन्तानश्छन्दोगो ज्येष्ठसामगः । मातापित्रोर्यश्च वश्यः श्रोत्रियो दशपूरुषः ॥

brahmadeyānusantānaśchandogo jyeṣṭhasāmagaḥ | mātāpitroryaśca vaśyaḥ śrotriyo daśapūruṣaḥ

one born in the unbroken line of the brahmadeya rite, a Chandoga, a Jyeshthasamaga, one who is obedient to his mother and father, a shrotriya, and a man of ten learned generations;

Note on the text: Matched by hand to CE: the first line is CE 13,090.020c, the second is CE 13,090.021a.

Verse 28 (13.137.28)

ऋतुकालाभिगामी च धर्मपत्नीषु यः सदा । वेदविद्याव्रतस्नातो विप्रः पङ्क्तिं पुनात्युत ॥

ṛtukālābhigāmī ca dharmapatnīṣu yaḥ sadā | vedavidyāvratasnāto vipraḥ paṅktiṃ punātyuta

one who always approaches his lawful wives in their season; and a brahmin who has completed his Vedic study and vows purifies the row.

Note on the text: Matched by hand to CE: the first line is CE 13,090.021c, the second is CE 13,090.021e.

Verse 29 (13.137.29)

अथर्वशिरसोऽध्येता ब्रह्मचारी यतव्रतः । सत्यवादी धर्मशीलः स्वकर्मनिरतश्च सः ॥

atharvaśiraso'dhyetā brahmacārī yatavrataḥ | satyavādī dharmaśīlaḥ svakarmanirataśca saḥ

A student of the Atharvashiras, a celibate student of firm vows, truthful, righteous by nature, and devoted to his own duties;

Verse 30 (13.137.30)

ये च पुण्येषु तीर्थेषु अभिषेककृतश्रमाः । मखेषु च समन्त्रेषु भवन्त्यवभृथप्लुताः ॥

ye ca puṇyeṣu tīrtheṣu abhiṣekakṛtaśramāḥ | makheṣu ca samantreṣu bhavantyavabhṛthaplutāḥ

those who have laboured at ablutions in holy tirthas, and who at sacrifices with mantras become immersed in the final bath;

Note on the text: Corrected भन्त्यवभृथप्लुताः → भवन्त्यवभृथप्लुताः (misprint in Wikisource; dropped व; CE 'bhavanty avabhṛthāplutāḥ').

Verse 31 (13.137.31)

अक्रोधना ह्यचपलाः क्षान्ताः दान्ता जितेन्द्रियाः । सर्वभूतहिता ये च श्राद्धेष्वेतान्निमन्त्रयेत् ॥

akrodhanā hyacapalāḥ kṣāntāḥ dāntā jitendriyāḥ | sarvabhūtahitā ye ca śrāddheṣvetānnimantrayet

those who are free of anger, steady, patient, self-controlled, masters of their senses, and devoted to the good of all beings: one should invite these to shraddhas.

Note on the text: Matched by hand to CE 13,090.024 (lines a and c).

Verse 32 (13.137.32)

एतेषु दत्तमक्षय्यमेते वै पङ्क्तिपावनाः । इमे परे महाभागा विज्ञेयाः पङ्क्तिपावनाः ॥

eteṣu dattamakṣayyamete vai paṅktipāvanāḥ | ime pare mahābhāgā vijñeyāḥ paṅktipāvanāḥ

What is given to them is imperishable; they indeed are the purifiers of the row. There are others too, of great fortune, to be known as purifiers of the row:

Note on the text: Matched by hand to CE: the first line is CE 13,090.024e, the second a variant of CE 13,090.025a.

Verse 33 (13.137.33)

यतयो मोक्षधर्मज्ञा योगिनश्चरितव्रताः । पञ्चरात्रविदो मुख्यास्तथा भागवताः परे ॥

yatayo mokṣadharmajñā yoginaścaritavratāḥ | pañcarātravido mukhyāstathā bhāgavatāḥ pare

ascetics who know the dharma of liberation, yogis of fulfilled vows, the foremost knowers of the Pancharatra, and likewise the other Bhagavatas;

Note on the text: Removed a stray backtick before पञ्चरात्रविदो. Matched by hand to CE: the first line is a variant of CE 13,090.025c, the second is star line 13,090.025d*0412_01 (the Pancharatra and Bhagavata line is a star passage of the CE).

Verse 34 (13.137.34)

वैखानसाः कुलश्रेष्ठा वैदिकाचारचारिणः । ये चेतिहासं प्रयताः श्रावयन्ति द्विजोत्तमान् ॥

vaikhānasāḥ kulaśreṣṭhā vaidikācāracāriṇaḥ | ye cetihāsaṃ prayatāḥ śrāvayanti dvijottamān

the Vaikhanasas, the best of families, who follow Vedic practice; and those who with self-control recite the Itihasa to the best of the twice-born;

Note on the text: Removed the stray quote marks (`…।') that surrounded the couplet 33b-34a on the page, and the doubled danda after वैदिकाचारचारिणः. Matched by hand to CE: the first line is star line 13,090.025d*0412_02, the second is CE 13,090.026a.

Verse 35 (13.137.35)

ये च भाष्यविदः केचिद्ये च व्याकरणे रताः । अधीयते पुराणं ये धर्मशास्त्राण्यथापि च ॥

ye ca bhāṣyavidaḥ kecidye ca vyākaraṇe ratāḥ | adhīyate purāṇaṃ ye dharmaśāstrāṇyathāpi ca

some who know the commentaries, those who delight in grammar, and those who study the Purana and also the books of dharma;

Note on the text: Matched by hand to CE: the first line is CE 13,090.026c, the second is CE 13,090.027a.

Verse 36 (13.137.36)

अधीत्य च यथान्यायं विधिवत्तस्य कारिणः । उपपन्नो गुरुकुले सत्यवादी सहस्रशः ॥

adhītya ca yathānyāyaṃ vidhivattasya kāriṇaḥ | upapanno gurukule satyavādī sahasraśaḥ

having studied properly, they act in accordance with what they learned according to the rule; living in their teacher's household, truthful, they are found in their thousands.

Note on the text: Matched by hand to CE: the first line is CE 13,090.027c, the second a variant of CE 13,090.028a (CE 'sahasradaḥ').

Verse 37 (13.137.37)

अग्र्याः सर्वेषु वेदेषु सर्वप्रवचनेषु च । यावदेते प्रपश्यन्ति पङ्क्त्यास्तावत्पुनन्त्युत ॥

agryāḥ sarveṣu vedeṣu sarvapravacaneṣu ca | yāvadete prapaśyanti paṅktyāstāvatpunantyuta

Foremost in all the Vedas and in all expositions: as far as these see in a row, so far they purify.

Note on the text: Matched by hand to CE: the first line is CE 13,090.028c, the second is CE 13,090.029a.

Verse 38 (13.137.38)

ततो हि पावनात्पङ्क्त्याः पङ्क्तिपावन उच्यते । क्रोशादर्धतृतीयाच्च पावयेदेक एव हि । ब्रह्मदेयानुसन्तान इति ब्रह्मविदो विदुः ॥

tato hi pāvanātpaṅktyāḥ paṅktipāvana ucyate | krośādardhatṛtīyācca pāvayedeka eva hi | brahmadeyānusantāna iti brahmavido viduḥ

Because he purifies the row, he is called a purifier of the row. A single such man may purify for two and a half krosas around; he is the one in the unbroken line of the brahmadeya rite, so the knowers of Brahman say.

Note on the text: Three-line verse as printed on the page (13-137-38a,b,c). Matched by hand to CE: lines are CE 13,090.029c, 13,090.030a and 13,090.030c.

Verse 39 (13.137.39)

अनुत्विगनुपाध्यायः स चेदग्रासनं व्रजेत् । ऋत्विग्भिरभ्यनुज्ञातः पङ्क्त्या हरति दुष्कृतम् ॥

anutviganupādhyāyaḥ sa cedagrāsanaṃ vrajet | ṛtvigbhirabhyanujñātaḥ paṅktyā harati duṣkṛtam

One who is neither an officiating priest nor a teacher, if he comes to sit in the first seat with the leave of the priests, takes away the row's fault.

Verse 40 (13.137.40)

अथ चेद्वेदवित्सर्वैः पङ्क्तिदोषैर्विवर्जितः । न च स्यात्पतितो राजन्पङ्क्तिपावन एव सः ॥

atha cedvedavitsarvaiḥ paṅktidoṣairvivarjitaḥ | na ca syātpatito rājanpaṅktipāvana eva saḥ

And if a knower of the Veda is free of all faults of the row and has not fallen, O king, he is a purifier of the row all the same.

Verse 41 (13.137.41)

तस्मात्सर्वप्रयत्नेन परीक्ष्यामन्त्रयेद्द्विजान् । स्वकर्मनिरतान्दान्तान्कुले जातान्बहुश्रुतान् ॥

tasmātsarvaprayatnena parīkṣyāmantrayeddvijān | svakarmaniratāndāntānkule jātānbahuśrutān

Therefore, with every effort, one should examine and then invite brahmins who are devoted to their own duties, self-controlled, born in good families, and learned.

Note on the text: Corrected बहुश्रतान् → बहुश्रुतान् (misprint in Wikisource; CE 'bahuśrutān').

Verse 42 (13.137.42)

यस्य मित्रप्रधानानि श्राद्धानि च हवींषि च । न प्रीणन्ति पितॄन्देवान्स्वर्गं च न स गच्छति ॥

yasya mitrapradhānāni śrāddhāni ca havīṃṣi ca | na prīṇanti pitṝndevānsvargaṃ ca na sa gacchati

He whose shraddhas and oblations are given chiefly for the sake of friends does not please the ancestors and the gods, and he does not go to heaven.

Verse 43 (13.137.43)

यश्च श्राद्धे कुरुते सङ्गतानि । न देवयानेन पथा स याति । स वै मुक्तः पिप्पलं बन्धनाद्वा । स्वर्गाल्लोकाच्च्यवते श्राद्धमित्रः ॥

yaśca śrāddhe kurute saṅgatāni | na devayānena pathā sa yāti | sa vai muktaḥ pippalaṃ bandhanādvā | svargāllokāccyavate śrāddhamitraḥ

He who forms ties of friendship through a shraddha does not go by the path of the gods. Like a ripe fig freed from its stalk, he falls from the world of heaven, he whose shraddha serves friendship.

Note on the text: Corrected स्वर्गाल्लोकच्च्यवते → स्वर्गाल्लोकाच्च्यवते (misprint in Wikisource; dropped ā; CE 'svargāl lokāc cyavate').

Verse 44 (13.137.44)

तस्मान्मित्रं श्राद्धकृन्नाद्रियेत । दद्यान्मित्रेभ्यः सङ्ग्रहार्थं धनानि । यन्मन्यते नैव शत्रुं न मित्रं । तं मध्यस्थं भोजयेद्धव्यकव्ये ॥

tasmānmitraṃ śrāddhakṛnnādriyeta | dadyānmitrebhyaḥ saṅgrahārthaṃ dhanāni | yanmanyate naiva śatruṃ na mitraṃ | taṃ madhyasthaṃ bhojayeddhavyakavye

Therefore the performer of a shraddha should not take friends into account. He may give wealth to friends to bind them to himself; but the one whom he regards neither as enemy nor as friend, that neutral man he should feed at the offerings to gods and ancestors.

Verse 45 (13.137.45)

यथोषरे बीजमुप्तं न रोहे- । न्नचावप्ता प्राप्नुयाद्बीजभागम् । एवं श्राद्धं भुक्तमनर्हमाणै- । र्न चेह नामुत्र फलं ददाति ॥

yathoṣare bījamuptaṃ na rohe- | nnacāvaptā prāpnuyādbījabhāgam | evaṃ śrāddhaṃ bhuktamanarhamāṇai- | rna ceha nāmutra phalaṃ dadāti

As seed sown in barren soil does not sprout, and the sower gets no share of the crop, so a shraddha eaten by the unworthy gives fruit neither here nor hereafter.

Verse 46 (13.137.46)

ब्राह्मणो ह्यनधीयानस्तृणाग्निरिव शाम्यति । तस्मै श्राद्धं न दातव्यं न हि भस्मनि हूयते ॥

brāhmaṇo hyanadhīyānastṛṇāgniriva śāmyati | tasmai śrāddhaṃ na dātavyaṃ na hi bhasmani hūyate

A brahmin who does not study dies out like a fire of straw. Shraddha should not be given to him, for no oblation is poured on ashes.

Verse 47 (13.137.47)

सम्भोजनी नाम पिशाचदक्षिणा । सा नैव देवान्न पितॄनुपैति । इहैव सा भ्राम्यति हीनपुण्या । शालान्तरे गौरिव नष्टवत्सा ॥

sambhojanī nāma piśācadakṣiṇā | sā naiva devānna pitṝnupaiti | ihaiva sā bhrāmyati hīnapuṇyā | śālāntare gauriva naṣṭavatsā

The so-called feast-gift is a gift of the pishachas. It goes neither to the gods nor to the ancestors; right here it wanders, bereft of merit, like a cow in a cowshed whose calf is lost.

Verse 48 (13.137.48)

यथाऽग्नौ शान्ते घृतमाजुहोति । तन्नैव देवान्न पितॄनुपैति । तथा दत्तं नर्तके गायके च । यां चानृते दक्षिणामावृणोति ॥

yathā'gnau śānte ghṛtamājuhoti | tannaiva devānna pitṝnupaiti | tathā dattaṃ nartake gāyake ca | yāṃ cānṛte dakṣiṇāmāvṛṇoti

As ghee poured into a fire that has gone out reaches neither gods nor ancestors, so too is what is given to a dancer or a singer, and the fee that one lays out for a falsehood.

Verse 49 (13.137.49)

उभौ हिनस्ति न भुनक्ति चैषा । या चानृते दक्षिणा दीयते वै । आघातिनी गर्हितैषा पतन्ती । तेषां प्रेतान्पातयेद्देवयानात् ॥

ubhau hinasti na bhunakti caiṣā | yā cānṛte dakṣiṇā dīyate vai | āghātinī garhitaiṣā patantī | teṣāṃ pretānpātayeddevayānāt

This fee that is given for a falsehood harms both giver and receiver and yields no enjoyment. A slayer, a censured thing, it falls, and makes their departed ancestors fall from the path of the gods.

Verse 50 (13.137.50)

ऋषीणां समये नित्यं ये चरन्ति युधिष्ठिर । निश्चिताः सर्वधर्मज्ञास्तान्देवा ब्राह्मणान्विदुः ॥

ṛṣīṇāṃ samaye nityaṃ ye caranti yudhiṣṭhira | niścitāḥ sarvadharmajñāstāndevā brāhmaṇānviduḥ

O Yudhishthira, those who always follow the covenant of the rishis, resolute and knowing all dharma: the gods know them as brahmins.

Verse 51 (13.137.51)

स्वाध्यायनिष्ठा ऋषयो ज्ञाननिष्ठास्तथैव च । तपोनिष्ठाश्च बोद्धव्याः कर्मनिष्ठाश्च भारत ॥

svādhyāyaniṣṭhā ṛṣayo jñānaniṣṭhāstathaiva ca | taponiṣṭhāśca boddhavyāḥ karmaniṣṭhāśca bhārata

Know that there are rishis devoted to study, and likewise those devoted to knowledge, those devoted to austerity, and those devoted to rites, O Bharata.

Verse 52 (13.137.52)

कव्यानि ज्ञाननिष्ठेभ्यः प्रतिष्ठाप्यानि भारत । तत्र ये ब्राह्मणान्केचिन्न सीदन्ति हि ते नराः ॥

kavyāni jñānaniṣṭhebhyaḥ pratiṣṭhāpyāni bhārata | tatra ye brāhmaṇānkecinna sīdanti hi te narāḥ

Offerings to the ancestors should be established with those devoted to knowledge, O Bharata. Among them, those men who let no brahmin come to grief do not themselves come to grief.

Verse 53 (13.137.53)

ये तु निन्दन्ति जल्पेषु न ताञ्श्राद्धेषु भोजयेत् । ब्राह्मणा निन्दिता राजन्हन्युस्त्रैपुरुषं कुलम् ॥

ye tu nindanti jalpeṣu na tāñśrāddheṣu bhojayet | brāhmaṇā ninditā rājanhanyustraipuruṣaṃ kulam

Those who disparage them in conversation should not be fed at shraddhas. Brahmins who are disparaged, O king, can destroy a family for three generations.

Note on the text: Corrected ताञश्राद्धेषु → ताञ्श्राद्धेषु (broken conjunct) and भोजयत् → भोजयेत् (misprint in Wikisource; dropped े; CE 'tāñ śrāddheṣu bhojayet').

Verse 54 (13.137.54)

वैखानसानां वचनमृषीणां श्रूयते नृप । दूरादेव परीक्षेत ब्राह्मणान्वेदपारगान् ॥

vaikhānasānāṃ vacanamṛṣīṇāṃ śrūyate nṛpa | dūrādeva parīkṣeta brāhmaṇānvedapāragān

The word of the Vaikhanasa rishis is heard, O king: one should examine from afar the brahmins who have gone to the far shore of the Veda.

Note on the text: Matched by hand to CE 13,090.046 (lines a and c); the aligner found no match.

Verse 55 (13.137.55)

प्रियो वा यदि वा द्वेष्यस्तेषां तु श्राद्धमावपेत् ॥

priyo vā yadi vā dveṣyasteṣāṃ tu śrāddhamāvapet

Whether dear or hateful, to them one should offer the shraddha.

Note on the text: One-line verse as printed on the page (13-137-55a). Matched by hand to CE line 13,090.046e ('priyān vā yadi vā dveṣyāṃs teṣu tac chrāddham āvapet').

Verse 56 (13.137.56)

यः सहस्रं सहस्राणां भोजयेदनृचो नरः । एकस्तान्मन्त्रवित्प्रीतः सर्वानर्हति भारत ॥

yaḥ sahasraṃ sahasrāṇāṃ bhojayedanṛco naraḥ | ekastānmantravitprītaḥ sarvānarhati bhārata

Though a man might feed a thousand thousand brahmins who do not know the Rik verses, a single knower of mantras, if he is pleased, is worth them all, O Bharata.

Note on the text: Corrected भोजयदेनृचो → भोजयेदनृचो (misprint in Wikisource; the vowel sign was displaced, 'bhojayed anṛc-').