Durvasas Tests Mudgala

Verse 1 (3.261.1)

व्रीहिद्रोणः परित्यक्तः कथं तेन महात्मना । कस्मै दत्तश्च भगवन्विधिना केन चात्थ मे ॥

vrīhidroṇaḥ parityaktaḥ kathaṃ tena mahātmanā | kasmai dattaśca bhagavanvidhinā kena cāttha me

"How did that great-souled man give away a drona of rice? To whom was it given, lord, and by what rite? Tell me this.

Note on the text: Speaker heading corrected from युदिष्ठिर to युधिष्ठिर (misprint in Wikisource; द for ध; the critical edition reads yudhiṣṭhira uvāca); applies to verses 1–2.

Verse 2 (3.261.2)

प्रत्यक्षधर्मा भगवान्यस्य तुष्टो हि कर्मभिः । सफलं तस्य जन्माहं मन्ये सद्धर्मचारिणः ॥

pratyakṣadharmā bhagavānyasya tuṣṭo hi karmabhiḥ | saphalaṃ tasya janmāhaṃ manye saddharmacāriṇaḥ

I count that follower of true dharma fortunate in his birth, with whose deeds the Lord, who sees dharma directly, is pleased."

Note on the text: Corrected यस् → यस्य (misprint in Wikisource; dropped akshara; the critical edition reads yasya).

Verse 3 (3.261.3)

शिलोञ्छवृत्तिर्धर्मात्मा मुद्गलः संयतेन्द्रियः । आसीद्राजन्कुरुक्षेत्रे सत्यवागनसूयकः ॥

śiloñchavṛttirdharmātmā mudgalaḥ saṃyatendriyaḥ | āsīdrājankurukṣetre satyavāganasūyakaḥ

In Kurukshetra, O king, there lived Mudgala, a righteous man who lived by gleaning, his senses restrained, truthful in speech and free of envy.

Verse 4 (3.261.4)

अतिथिव्रती क्रियावांश्च कापोतीं वृत्तिमास्थितः । सत्रमिष्टीकृतंनाम समुपास्ते महातपाः ॥

atithivratī kriyāvāṃśca kāpotīṃ vṛttimāsthitaḥ | satramiṣṭīkṛtaṃnāma samupāste mahātapāḥ

Vowed to hospitality and diligent in rites, he followed the pigeon's way of life, storing nothing; that great ascetic performed the sacrifice called Ishtikrita.

Verse 5 (3.261.5)

सपुत्रदारो हि मुनिः पक्षाहारो बभूव ह । कपोतवृत्त्या पक्षेण व्रीहिद्रोणमुपार्जयत् ॥

saputradāro hi muniḥ pakṣāhāro babhūva ha | kapotavṛttyā pakṣeṇa vrīhidroṇamupārjayat

With his son and wife the sage ate only once a fortnight; living like the pigeon, he would gather a drona of rice over each fortnight.

Note on the text: Corrected व्रीहिद्रोयणम् → व्रीहिद्रोणम् (misprint in Wikisource; stray akshara य; the critical edition reads vrīhidroṇam).

Verse 6 (3.261.6)

दर्शं च पौर्णमासं च कुर्वन्विगतमत्सरः । देवतातिथिशेषेण कुरुते देहयापनम् ॥

darśaṃ ca paurṇamāsaṃ ca kurvanvigatamatsaraḥ | devatātithiśeṣeṇa kurute dehayāpanam

Performing the new-moon and full-moon rites, free of envy, he sustained his body on what was left after the gods and guests had been served.

Note on the text: Corrected विगतमन्सरः → विगतमत्सरः (misprint in Wikisource; न्स for त्स; the critical edition reads vigatamatsaraḥ).

Verse 7 (3.261.7)

तत्रेन्द्रः सहितो देवैः साक्षात्त्रिभुवनेश्वरः । प्रत्यगृह्णान्महाराज भागं पर्वणिपर्वणि ॥

tatrendraḥ sahito devaiḥ sākṣāttribhuvaneśvaraḥ | pratyagṛhṇānmahārāja bhāgaṃ parvaṇiparvaṇi

There Indra himself, lord of the three worlds, together with the gods, received his share at every parva-day, great king.

Note on the text: Corrected साक्षात्रिभुवनेश्वरः → साक्षात्त्रिभुवनेश्वरः (misprint in Wikisource; dropped त; the critical edition reads sākṣāt tribhuvaneśvaraḥ) and प्रत्यृह्णान् → प्रत्यगृह्णान् (misprint in Wikisource; dropped akshara ग; the critical edition reads pratyagṛhṇān).

Verse 8 (3.261.8)

स पर्वकाल्यं कृत्वा तु मुनिवृत्त्या समन्वितः । अतिथिभ्यो ददावन्नं प्रहृष्टेनान्तरात्मना ॥

sa parvakālyaṃ kṛtvā tu munivṛttyā samanvitaḥ | atithibhyo dadāvannaṃ prahṛṣṭenāntarātmanā

Having performed the rite of the parva-day and keeping to the life of a sage, he gave food to his guests with a joyful heart.

Verse 9 (3.261.9)

व्रीहिद्रोणस्य तत्प्रीत्या ददतोऽन्नं महात्मनः । ऋषेर्मात्सर्यहीनस्य वर्धत्यतिथिदर्शनात् ॥

vrīhidroṇasya tatprītyā dadato'nnaṃ mahātmanaḥ | ṛṣermātsaryahīnasya vardhatyatithidarśanāt

As that great-souled seer, free of envy, gave food from his drona of rice with gladness, it grew at the very sight of guests.

Note on the text: Corrected मात्सर्यहीनस् → मात्सर्यहीनस्य (misprint in Wikisource; dropped akshara; the critical edition reads mātsaryahīnasya).

Verse 10 (3.261.10)

तच्छतान्यपि भुञ्जन्ति ब्राह्मणानां मनीषिणाम् । मुनेस्त्यागविशुद्ध्या तु तदन्नं वृद्धिमृच्छति ॥

tacchatānyapi bhuñjanti brāhmaṇānāṃ manīṣiṇām | munestyāgaviśuddhyā tu tadannaṃ vṛddhimṛcchati

Even hundreds of wise brahmins ate from it, and through the purity of the sage's giving that food kept on increasing.

Verse 11 (3.261.11)

तं तु शुश्राव धर्मिष्ठं मुद्गलं संशितव्रतम् । दुर्वासा नृप दिग्वासास्तमथाभ्याजगाम ह ॥

taṃ tu śuśrāva dharmiṣṭhaṃ mudgalaṃ saṃśitavratam | durvāsā nṛpa digvāsāstamathābhyājagāma ha

Durvasas, the sky-clad sage, heard of righteous Mudgala, firm in his vows, O king, and came to him.

Note on the text: Corrected रशुश्राव → शुश्राव (misprint in Wikisource; stray akshara र; the critical edition reads śuśrāva).

Verse 12 (3.261.12)

बिभ्रच्चानियतं वेषमुन्मत्त इव पाण्डव । विकचः परुषा वाचो व्याहरन्विविधा मुनिः ॥

bibhraccāniyataṃ veṣamunmatta iva pāṇḍava | vikacaḥ paruṣā vāco vyāharanvividhā muniḥ

Wearing no fixed dress, like a madman, Pandava, with his head shaven, the sage poured out harsh words of many kinds.

Note on the text: Corrected विभ्रच्चानियतं → बिभ्रच्चानियतं (misprint in Wikisource; व for ब; the critical edition reads bibhrac cāniyataṃ).

Verse 13 (3.261.13)

अभिगम्याथ तं विप्रमुवाच मुनिसत्तमः । अन्नार्थिनमनुप्राप्तं विद्धि मां मुनिसत्तम ॥

abhigamyātha taṃ vipramuvāca munisattamaḥ | annārthinamanuprāptaṃ viddhi māṃ munisattama

Approaching that brahmin, the best of sages said: "Know, best of sages, that I have come here in search of food."

Verse 14 (3.261.14)

स्वागतं तेऽस्त्विति मुनिं मुद्गलः प्रत्यभाषत । पाद्यमाचमनीयं च प्रतिवेद्यान्नमुत्तमम् ॥

svāgataṃ te'stviti muniṃ mudgalaḥ pratyabhāṣata | pādyamācamanīyaṃ ca prativedyānnamuttamam

"You are welcome," Mudgala replied to the sage; and offering him water for his feet and for sipping, and announcing the excellent food,

Verse 15 (3.261.15)

प्रादात्स तपसोपात्तं क्षुधितायातिथिप्रियः । उन्मत्ताय परां श्रद्धामास्थाय स धृतव्रतः ॥

prādātsa tapasopāttaṃ kṣudhitāyātithipriyaḥ | unmattāya parāṃ śraddhāmāsthāya sa dhṛtavrataḥ

that lover of guests, firm in his vow, gave the food he had won by austerity to the hungry madman with the utmost faith.

Verse 16 (3.261.16)

ततस्तदन्नं रसवत्स एव क्षुधयाऽन्वितः । बुभुजे कृत्स्नमुन्मत्तः प्रादात्तस्मै च मुद्गलः ॥

tatastadannaṃ rasavatsa eva kṣudhayā'nvitaḥ | bubhuje kṛtsnamunmattaḥ prādāttasmai ca mudgalaḥ

Then the madman, gripped by hunger, ate up all of that savoury food, and Mudgala went on serving it to him.

Verse 17 (3.261.17)

भुक्त्वा चान्नं ततः सर्वमुच्छिष्टेनात्मनस्ततः । अथाङ्गं लिलिपेऽन्नेन यथागतमगाच्च सः ॥

bhuktvā cānnaṃ tataḥ sarvamucchiṣṭenātmanastataḥ | athāṅgaṃ lilipe'nnena yathāgatamagācca saḥ

When he had eaten all the food, he smeared his body with the leavings and went away as he had come.

Verse 18 (3.261.18)

तेनैवात्मानमालिप्य हसन्गायन्प्रधावति । नृत्यते धावते चैव बुद्ध्या तत्क्रोशते तथा ॥

tenaivātmānamālipya hasangāyanpradhāvati | nṛtyate dhāvate caiva buddhyā tatkrośate tathā

Smearing himself with it, he ran about laughing and singing; he danced and ran, and shouted aloud on purpose.

Note on the text: Removed stray wiki marks (backtick and quote mark). Not in the critical text; it is the starred passage 3.246.17b*1185 of its apparatus (which there reads only in part).

Verse 19 (3.261.19)

एवं द्वितीये संप्राप्ते पर्वकाले मनीषिणः । आगम्य बुभुजे सर्वमन्नमुञ्छोपजीविनः ॥

evaṃ dvitīye saṃprāpte parvakāle manīṣiṇaḥ | āgamya bubhuje sarvamannamuñchopajīvinaḥ

In the same way, when the next parva-day came, he came and ate up all the food of that wise man who lived by gleaning.

Note on the text: Corrected सर्वमन्नपुञ्छोपजीविनः → सर्वमन्नमुञ्छोपजीविनः (misprint in Wikisource; प for म; the critical edition reads sarvam annam uñchopajīvinaḥ).

Verse 20 (3.261.20)

निराहारस्तु स मुनिरुञ्छमार्जयते पुनः । न चैनं विक्रियां नेतुमशकन्मुद्गलं क्षुधा ॥

nirāhārastu sa muniruñchamārjayate punaḥ | na cainaṃ vikriyāṃ netumaśakanmudgalaṃ kṣudhā

Going without food, the sage again gathered grain by gleaning; hunger could not make Mudgala waver.

Note on the text: Corrected आर्जये → आर्जयते (misprint in Wikisource; dropped akshara त, which also leaves the line a syllable short; the critical edition reads ārjayate).

Verse 21 (3.261.21)

न क्रोधो न च मात्सर्यं नावमानो न संभ्रमः । सपुत्रदारमुञ्छन्तमाविवेश द्विजोत्तमम् ॥

na krodho na ca mātsaryaṃ nāvamāno na saṃbhramaḥ | saputradāramuñchantamāviveśa dvijottamam

Neither anger nor envy, neither a sense of insult nor agitation, entered that best of the twice-born as he gleaned with his son and wife.

Verse 22 (3.261.22)

तथा तमुञ्छधर्माणं दुर्वासा मुनिसत्तमम् । उपतस्थे यथाकालं षट्कृत्वः कृतनिश्चयः ॥

tathā tamuñchadharmāṇaṃ durvāsā munisattamam | upatasthe yathākālaṃ ṣaṭkṛtvaḥ kṛtaniścayaḥ

So Durvasas, firm in his purpose, presented himself six times, each at the proper time, to that best of sages who lived by gleaning.

Verse 23 (3.261.23)

न चास्य मनसः कश्चिद्विकारो दृश्यते मुनेः । शुद्धसत्वस्य शुद्धं स ददृशे निर्मलं मनः ॥

na cāsya manasaḥ kaścidvikāro dṛśyate muneḥ | śuddhasatvasya śuddhaṃ sa dadṛśe nirmalaṃ manaḥ

No change at all could be seen in the sage's mind; Durvasas saw the pure, spotless mind of that man whose nature was pure.

Note on the text: Corrected चास् → चास्य (misprint in Wikisource; dropped akshara; the critical edition reads cāsya).

Verse 24 (3.261.24)

तमुवाच ततः प्रीतः स मुनिर्मुद्गलं तदा । त्वत्समो नास्ति लोकेऽस्मिन्दाता मात्सर्यवर्जितः ॥

tamuvāca tataḥ prītaḥ sa munirmudgalaṃ tadā | tvatsamo nāsti loke'smindātā mātsaryavarjitaḥ

Then the sage, well pleased, said to Mudgala: "There is no giver in this world equal to you, so free of envy.

Verse 25 (3.261.25)

क्षुद्धर्मसंज्ञां प्रणुदत्यादत्ते धैर्यमेव च । विषयानुसारिणी जिह्वा कर्षत्येव रसान्प्रति ॥

kṣuddharmasaṃjñāṃ praṇudatyādatte dhairyameva ca | viṣayānusāriṇī jihvā karṣatyeva rasānprati

Hunger drives out the sense of dharma and takes away steadiness; the tongue, running after the objects of sense, drags a man toward tastes.

Note on the text: Speaker: Durvasas's praise of Mudgala (begun in verse 24) fills verses 25–31; Wikisource prints no heading.

Verse 26 (3.261.26)

आहारप्रभवाः प्राणा मनो दुर्निग्रहं चलम् । मनसश्चेन्द्रियाणां चाप्यैकाग्र्यं निश्चितं तपः ॥

āhāraprabhavāḥ prāṇā mano durnigrahaṃ calam | manasaścendriyāṇāṃ cāpyaikāgryaṃ niścitaṃ tapaḥ

Life depends on food, and the mind is fickle and hard to restrain; the one-pointedness of mind and senses is surely austerity.

Verse 27 (3.261.27)

श्रमेणोपार्जितं त्यक्तं न च दुःखेन चेतसा । तत्सर्वं भवता साधो यथावदुपपादितम् ॥

śrameṇopārjitaṃ tyaktaṃ na ca duḥkhena cetasā | tatsarvaṃ bhavatā sādho yathāvadupapāditam

To give up what was earned by toil, and not with a grieving heart: all this, good sir, you have accomplished as it should be done.

Verse 28 (3.261.28)

प्रीताः स्मोऽनुगृहीताश्च समेत्य भवता सह । इन्द्रियाभिजयो धैर्यं संविभागो दमः शमः । दया सत्यं च धर्मश्च त्वयि सर्वं प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥

prītāḥ smo'nugṛhītāśca sametya bhavatā saha | indriyābhijayo dhairyaṃ saṃvibhāgo damaḥ śamaḥ | dayā satyaṃ ca dharmaśca tvayi sarvaṃ pratiṣṭhitam

We are pleased and favoured to have met you. Conquest of the senses, steadiness, sharing, self-restraint, calm, compassion, truth and dharma: all are established in you.

Note on the text: This verse is 3.246.27 plus the first line of 3.246.28 of the critical edition (Wikisource divides these verses differently).

Verse 29 (3.261.29)

लोकाः समस्ता धर्मेण धार्यन्ते सचराचराः । धर्मोपि धार्यते येन धृतियुक्त त्वयाऽऽत्मना ॥

lokāḥ samastā dharmeṇa dhāryante sacarācarāḥ | dharmopi dhāryate yena dhṛtiyukta tvayā''tmanā

All the worlds, moving and unmoving, are upheld by dharma, and dharma itself is upheld by you, O steadfast one, through your own self.

Note on the text: Removed a stray backtick. Not in the critical text; it is the starred passage 3.246.28b*1188 of its apparatus.

Verse 30 (3.261.30)

विशुद्धसत्वसंपन्नो न त्वदन्योस्ति कश्चन । जितास्ते कर्मभिर्लोकाः प्राप्तोसि परमां गतिम् ॥

viśuddhasatvasaṃpanno na tvadanyosti kaścana | jitāste karmabhirlokāḥ prāptosi paramāṃ gatim

There is no one but you so endowed with pure goodness. By your deeds you have won the worlds and reached the supreme goal.

Note on the text: Removed a stray quote mark. The first line is not in the critical text (it is the starred passage 3.246.28b*1189 of its apparatus); the second line is 3.246.28c.

Verse 31 (3.261.31)

अहो दानं विघुष्टं ते सुमहत्स्वर्गवासिभिः । सशरीरो भवान्गन्ता स्वर्गं सुचरितव्रत ॥

aho dānaṃ vighuṣṭaṃ te sumahatsvargavāsibhiḥ | saśarīro bhavāngantā svargaṃ sucaritavrata

Ah, your giving has been loudly proclaimed by the dwellers of heaven! You whose vows are well kept will go to heaven in your own body."

Verse 32 (3.261.32)

इत्येवं वदतस्तस्य तदा दुर्वाससो मुनेः । देवदूतो विमानेन मुद्गलं प्रत्युपस्थितः ॥

ityevaṃ vadatastasya tadā durvāsaso muneḥ | devadūto vimānena mudgalaṃ pratyupasthitaḥ

While the sage Durvasas was speaking thus, a messenger of the gods came to Mudgala in a celestial chariot,

Verse 33 (3.261.33)

हंससारसयुक्तेन किङ्किणीजालमालिना । कामगेन विचित्रेण दिव्यगन्धवता तथा ॥

haṃsasārasayuktena kiṅkiṇījālamālinā | kāmagena vicitreṇa divyagandhavatā tathā

yoked with swans and cranes, hung with nets of tinkling bells, moving at will, wondrous and fragrant with heavenly scents.

Verse 34 (3.261.34)

उवाच चैनं विप्रर्षिं विमानं कर्मभिर्जितम् । समुपारोह संसिद्धिं प्राप्तोसि परमां मुने ॥

uvāca cainaṃ viprarṣiṃ vimānaṃ karmabhirjitam | samupāroha saṃsiddhiṃ prāptosi paramāṃ mune

He said to the brahmin seer: "Mount this chariot, won by your deeds. You have attained the highest perfection, sage."

Verse 35 (3.261.35)

तमेवंवादिनमृषिर्देवदूतमुवाच ह । इच्छामि भवता प्रोक्तान्गुणान्स्वर्गनिवासिनां ॥

tamevaṃvādinamṛṣirdevadūtamuvāca ha | icchāmi bhavatā proktānguṇānsvarganivāsināṃ

To the messenger of the gods who spoke thus the seer said: "I wish to hear from you the merits of those who dwell in heaven.

Verse 36 (3.261.36)

के गुणास्तत्रवसतां किं तपः कश्च निश्चयः । स्वर्गे तत्रसुखं किं च दोषो वा देवदूतक ॥

ke guṇāstatravasatāṃ kiṃ tapaḥ kaśca niścayaḥ | svarge tatrasukhaṃ kiṃ ca doṣo vā devadūtaka

What are the merits of those who live there? What is their austerity, and what their resolve? What happiness is there in heaven, and what fault, messenger of the gods?

Note on the text: Speaker: Mudgala's question (begun in verse 35) fills verses 36–38; Wikisource prints no heading.

Verse 37 (3.261.37)

सतां साप्तपदं मित्रमाहुः सन्तः कुलोचिताः । मित्रतां च पुरस्कृत्य पृच्छामि त्वामहं विभो ॥

satāṃ sāptapadaṃ mitramāhuḥ santaḥ kulocitāḥ | mitratāṃ ca puraskṛtya pṛcchāmi tvāmahaṃ vibho

The good, men of noble family, say that friendship among the virtuous is made in seven steps. Putting that friendship first, I ask you, lord.

Verse 38 (3.261.38)

यदत्र तथ्यं पथ्यं च तद्ब्रवीह्यविचारयन् । श्रुत्वा तथा करिष्यामि व्यवसायं गिरा तव ॥

yadatra tathyaṃ pathyaṃ ca tadbravīhyavicārayan | śrutvā tathā kariṣyāmi vyavasāyaṃ girā tava

Tell me without hesitation what is true and beneficial in this matter. When I have heard it, I shall make my decision according to your word."