Brihaspati Teaches Indra How to Deal with Foes

Verse 1 (12.103.1)

कथं मृदौ कथं तीक्ष्णे महापक्षे च भारत । अरौ वर्तेत नृपतिस्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥

kathaṃ mṛdau kathaṃ tīkṣṇe mahāpakṣe ca bhārata | arau varteta nṛpatistanme brūhi pitāmaha

O Bharata, how should a king deal with an enemy who is gentle, with one who is fierce, and with one who has a great following? Tell me this, grandfather.

Verse 2 (12.103.2)

अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् । बृहस्पतेश्च संवादमिन्द्रस्य च युधिष्ठिर ॥

atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṃ purātanam | bṛhaspateśca saṃvādamindrasya ca yudhiṣṭhira

On this point they recall an ancient tale, Yudhishthira: the conversation between Brihaspati and Indra.

Verse 3 (12.103.3)

बृहस्पतिं देवपतिरभिवाद्य कृताञ्जलिः । उपसंगम्य पप्रच्छ वासवः परवीरहा ॥

bṛhaspatiṃ devapatirabhivādya kṛtāñjaliḥ | upasaṃgamya papraccha vāsavaḥ paravīrahā

Indra, lord of the gods and slayer of hostile heroes, bowed to Brihaspati with joined palms, approached him and put this question.

Verse 4 (12.103.4)

अहितेषु कथं ब्रह्मन्प्रवर्तेयमतन्द्रितः । असमुच्छिद्य चैवैतान्नियच्छेयमुपायतः ॥

ahiteṣu kathaṃ brahmanpravarteyamatandritaḥ | asamucchidya caivaitānniyaccheyamupāyataḥ

O brahmin, how am I to act towards my foes, without ever growing slack, and how am I to hold them in check by skilful means without cutting them off entirely?

Note on the text: Corrected असमुछिद्य → असमुच्छिद्य (misprint in Wikisource; the conjunct च्छ is broken; CE 12.104.4 has asamucchidya).

Verse 5 (12.103.5)

सेनयोर्व्यतिषङ्गे च जयः साधारणो भवेत् । किं कुर्वाणं न मां जह्याज्ज्वलिता श्रीः प्रतापिनी ॥

senayorvyatiṣaṅge ca jayaḥ sādhāraṇo bhavet | kiṃ kurvāṇaṃ na māṃ jahyājjvalitā śrīḥ pratāpinī

When the two armies clash and victory is shared between them, what must I do so that blazing, glorious Fortune does not forsake me?

Note on the text: Corrected सेनयोर्थ्यतिषङ्गे → सेनयोर्व्यतिषङ्गे (misprint in Wikisource; व् dropped; CE 12.104.5 has vyatiṣaṅga and the page's own gloss reads व्यतिषङ्गे).

Verse 6 (12.103.6)

ततो धर्मार्थकामानां कुशलः प्रतिभानवान् । राजधर्मविधानज्ञः प्रत्युवाच पुरंदरम् ॥

tato dharmārthakāmānāṃ kuśalaḥ pratibhānavān | rājadharmavidhānajñaḥ pratyuvāca puraṃdaram

Then he who was skilled in dharma, wealth and desire, quick of wit, and expert in the rules of a king's duty, answered Purandara.

Note on the text: Corrected ततो र्मार्थकामानां → ततो धर्मार्थकामानां (misprint in Wikisource; ध dropped; CE 12.104.6 has tato dharmārthakāmānām).

Verse 7 (12.103.7)

न जातु कलहेनेच्छेन्नियन्तुमपकारिणः । बालैरासेवितं ह्येतद्यदमर्षो यदक्षमा ॥

na jātu kalahenecchenniyantumapakāriṇaḥ | bālairāsevitaṃ hyetadyadamarṣo yadakṣamā

He should never try to hold wrongdoers in check by quarrelling; anger and impatience are what children indulge in.

Note on the text: Corrected न जा कलहेनेच्छेन् → न जातु कलहेनेच्छेन् (misprint in Wikisource; तु dropped; CE 12.104.7 has na jātu kalahenecchen). Corrected बालैर सवितं → बालैरासेवितं (misprint in Wikisource; the word is broken; the sense, as in CE 12.104.7 bālasaṃsevitam, is 'practised by children'). Wikisource's lines 7a-7b and 8a together make the critical edition's three-line verse 12.104.7 (7a, 7c, 7e).

Verse 8 (12.103.8)

न शत्रुर्विवृतः कार्यो वधमस्याभिकाङ्क्षता ॥

na śatrurvivṛtaḥ kāryo vadhamasyābhikāṅkṣatā

One who wishes to kill an enemy must not put him on his guard.

Note on the text: Third line of the critical edition's verse 12.104.7 (7e).

Verse 9 (12.103.9)

क्रोधं भयं च हर्षं च नियम्य स्वयमात्मनि । अमित्रमुपसेवेत विश्वस्तवदविश्वसन् ॥

krodhaṃ bhayaṃ ca harṣaṃ ca niyamya svayamātmani | amitramupaseveta viśvastavadaviśvasan

Holding anger, fear and joy in check within himself, he should wait upon his enemy, behaving as if he trusted him while trusting nothing.

Note on the text: Corrected अमित्र पसेवेत → अमित्रमुपसेवेत (misprint in Wikisource; the word is broken; CE 12.104.8 has amitram upaseveta).

Verse 10 (12.103.10)

प्रियमेव वदेन्नित्यं नाप्रियं किंचिदाचरेत् । विरमेच्छुष्कवैरेभ्यः कर्णजापं च वर्जयेत् ॥

priyameva vadennityaṃ nāpriyaṃ kiṃcidācaret | viramecchuṣkavairebhyaḥ karṇajāpaṃ ca varjayet

Let him always speak pleasantly and do nothing unpleasant; let him keep away from barren quarrels and avoid whispering in the ear.

Verse 11 (12.103.11)

यथा वैतंसिको युक्तो द्विजानां सदृशस्वरः । तान्द्विजान्कुरुते वश्यांस्तथायुक्तो महीपतिः । वशं चोपनयेच्छत्रून्निहन्याच्च पुरंदर ॥

yathā vaitaṃsiko yukto dvijānāṃ sadṛśasvaraḥ | tāndvijānkurute vaśyāṃstathāyukto mahīpatiḥ | vaśaṃ copanayecchatrūnnihanyācca puraṃdara

Just as a fowler, intent on his work, imitates the calls of birds and so brings those birds under his power, so should a king be intent on his work: let him bring his enemies under his sway and then slay them, O Purandara.

Note on the text: Corrected पुंरदर → पुरंदर (misprint in Wikisource; the anusvara is misplaced; CE 12.104.10 has puraṃdara).

Verse 12 (12.103.12)

न नित्यं परिभूयारीन्सुखं स्वपिति वासव । जागर्त्येव हि दुष्टात्मा संकरेऽग्निरिवोत्थितः ॥

na nityaṃ paribhūyārīnsukhaṃ svapiti vāsava | jāgartyeva hi duṣṭātmā saṃkare'gnirivotthitaḥ

A king who always slights his enemies, Vasava, cannot sleep in comfort; the wicked-hearted foe stays awake, like a fire flaring up amid a heap of rubbish.

Verse 13 (12.103.13)

न सन्निपातः कर्तव्यः सामान्ये विजये सति । विश्वास्यैवोपसंनम्यो वशे कृत्वा रिपुः प्रभो ॥

na sannipātaḥ kartavyaḥ sāmānye vijaye sati | viśvāsyaivopasaṃnamyo vaśe kṛtvā ripuḥ prabho

When victory is uncertain and could fall to either side, no head-on clash should be made. The enemy, O lord, should first be made to trust, then approached, and brought under one's control.

Verse 14 (12.103.14)

संप्रधार्य सहामात्यैर्मन्त्रविद्भिर्महात्मभिः । उपेक्ष्यमाणो विज्ञातो हृदयेनापराजितः । अथास्य प्रहरेत्काले विधेर्विचलितो यदा ॥

saṃpradhārya sahāmātyairmantravidbhirmahātmabhiḥ | upekṣyamāṇo vijñāto hṛdayenāparājitaḥ | athāsya praharetkāle vidhervicalito yadā

After taking counsel with high-minded ministers who know the ways of counsel, let him seem to overlook the enemy while knowing him fully, his heart unconquered; and let him strike in due season, when the enemy slips from the right course.

Note on the text: Corrected विधेर्वित्तलितो → विधेर्विचलितो (misprint in Wikisource; the word is broken; CE 12.104.14 and the page's own gloss read vicalita (विचलित), 'slipped'). Lines 1-2 are the critical edition's verse 12.104.13 (a, c); line 3 corresponds to 12.104.14a, in a different wording (the page's gloss notes the variant 'किंचिद्विचलिते पदे').

Verse 15 (12.103.15)

दण्डं च दूषयेदस्य पुरुषैराप्तकारिभिः ॥

daṇḍaṃ ca dūṣayedasya puruṣairāptakāribhiḥ

And let him corrupt the enemy's force through trusted agents.

Note on the text: Corresponds to the critical edition's 12.104.14c (the second half of 12.104.14).

Verse 16 (12.103.16)

आदिमध्यावसानज्ञान्प्रच्छन्नं च विचारयेत् । बलानि दूषयेदस्य जानन्नेव प्रमाणतः ॥

ādimadhyāvasānajñānpracchannaṃ ca vicārayet | balāni dūṣayedasya jānanneva pramāṇataḥ

Employing men who know the beginning, middle and end of such matters, let him think it out in secret; and, knowing the enemy's forces exactly, let him corrupt them.

Verse 17 (12.103.17)

भेदेनोपप्रदानेन संसृजेदौषधैस्तथा । न त्वेव खलु संसर्गं रोचयेदरिभिः सह ॥

bhedenopapradānena saṃsṛjedauṣadhaistathā | na tveva khalu saṃsargaṃ rocayedaribhiḥ saha

Let him work upon the enemy by sowing division, by gifts and likewise by drugs; but he should never take pleasure in keeping company with enemies.

Verse 18 (12.103.18)

दीर्घकालमपीक्षेत निग्राह्या एव शत्रवः । कालकाङ्क्षी च युक्तः सन्नुपासीत शचीपते ॥

dīrghakālamapīkṣeta nigrāhyā eva śatravaḥ | kālakāṅkṣī ca yuktaḥ sannupāsīta śacīpate

Even if it takes a long time, let him wait: enemies are certainly to be subdued. Watching for the right time and ever alert, let him attend upon them, O lord of Shachi.

Note on the text: Corrected दीर्घकालमपीक्षेत्त → दीर्घकालमपीक्षेत (misprint in Wikisource; a stray त् has been added; CE 12.104.17 has dīrghakālam). Corrected कालकाङ्गी → कालकाङ्क्षी (misprint in Wikisource; the conjunct क्ष is broken; the sense is 'waiting for the right time', as in CE 12.104.17 kālākāṅkṣī). Line 1 corresponds to the critical edition's 12.104.17a (worded differently); line 2 corresponds to the star passage 12.104.017c*0242_01 ('**** **** upāsīta śacīpate'), whose first half the critical edition leaves blank.

Verse 19 (12.103.19)

तथा प्रियं च वक्तव्यं यथा विस्रम्भमाप्नुयात् । न सद्योऽरीन्विहन्याच्च द्रष्टव्यो विजयो ध्रुवः । भूयः शल्यं घटयति नवं च कुरुते व्रणम् ॥

tathā priyaṃ ca vaktavyaṃ yathā visrambhamāpnuyāt | na sadyo'rīnvihanyācca draṣṭavyo vijayo dhruvaḥ | bhūyaḥ śalyaṃ ghaṭayati navaṃ ca kurute vraṇam

He should speak so pleasantly that they come to trust him. He should not kill his enemies at once, for victory has to be made sure. One who stirs the thorn again opens a fresh wound.

Note on the text: Line 1 corresponds to the star passage 12.104.017c*0242_02 ('tathā priyaṃ ca vaktavyam') together with 12.104.17c; lines 2-3 correspond to the critical edition's verse 12.104.18.

Verse 20 (12.103.20)

प्राप्ते च प्रहरेत्काले न च संवर्तते पुनः । हन्तुकामस्य देवेन्द्र पुरुषस्य रिपून्प्रति ॥

prāpte ca praharetkāle na ca saṃvartate punaḥ | hantukāmasya devendra puruṣasya ripūnprati

He should strike when the right moment comes, for it does not come round again, O lord of the gods, to a man bent on killing his enemies.

Verse 21 (12.103.21)

यं हि कालो व्यतिक्रामेत्पुरुषं कालकाङ्क्षिणम् । दुर्लभः स पुनस्तेन कालः कर्म चिकीर्षता ॥

yaṃ hi kālo vyatikrāmetpuruṣaṃ kālakāṅkṣiṇam | durlabhaḥ sa punastena kālaḥ karma cikīrṣatā

When a man who is waiting for his moment lets that moment slip past, it is hard for him to find it again when he wants to act.

Verse 22 (12.103.22)

औजस्यं जनयेदेव संगृह्णन्साधुसंमतम् । कालेन साधयेत्कृत्यमप्राप्तो न हि पीडयेत् ॥

aujasyaṃ janayedeva saṃgṛhṇansādhusaṃmatam | kālena sādhayetkṛtyamaprāpto na hi pīḍayet

Let him build up his vigour, taking up what the good approve, and accomplish his task in due time; before the time has come he should not press the attack.

Verse 23 (12.103.23)

विहाय कामं क्रोधं च तथाऽहंकारमेव च । युक्तो विवरमन्विच्छेदहितानां सदा नृपः ॥

vihāya kāmaṃ krodhaṃ ca tathā'haṃkārameva ca | yukto vivaramanvicchedahitānāṃ sadā nṛpaḥ

Giving up desire, anger and egoism as well, the king should be alert and always look for the weak point of his enemies.

Verse 24 (12.103.24)

मार्दवं दण्ड आलस्यं प्रमादश्च सुरोत्तम । मायाः सुविहिताः शक्र शातयन्त्यविचक्षणम् ॥

mārdavaṃ daṇḍa ālasyaṃ pramādaśca surottama | māyāḥ suvihitāḥ śakra śātayantyavicakṣaṇam

Softness, force, sloth and heedlessness, O best of the gods, and skilfully laid deceptions, O Shakra, bring down the unwise.

Verse 25 (12.103.25)

निहत्यैतानि चत्वारि मायां प्रतिविधाय च । ततः शक्नोति शत्रूणां प्रहर्तुमविचारयन् ॥

nihatyaitāni catvāri māyāṃ pratividhāya ca | tataḥ śaknoti śatrūṇāṃ prahartumavicārayan

Having put down these four and guarded against deception, he can then strike at his enemies without hesitation.

Verse 26 (12.103.26)

यदेवैतेन शक्येत गुह्यं कर्तुं तदाऽऽचरेत् । यच्छन्ति सचिवा गुह्यं मिथो विश्रावयन्त्यपि ॥

yadevaitena śakyeta guhyaṃ kartuṃ tadā''caret | yacchanti sacivā guhyaṃ mitho viśrāvayantyapi

What can be kept secret by one man alone, let him do that way. Ministers who hold a secret may also let it be heard among themselves.

Note on the text: Corrected सतिवा → सचिवा (misprint in Wikisource; च dropped to त; CE 12.104.25 has sacivā, 'ministers').

Verse 27 (12.103.27)

अशक्यमिति कृत्वा वा ततोऽन्यैः संविदं चरेत् । ब्रह्मदण्डमदृष्टेषु दृष्टेषु चतुरङ्गिणीम् ॥

aśakyamiti kṛtvā vā tato'nyaiḥ saṃvidaṃ caret | brahmadaṇḍamadṛṣṭeṣu dṛṣṭeṣu caturaṅgiṇīm

Or, thinking it cannot be done alone, let him then consult others. Against those out of sight let him use the priestly rod of sorcery; against those in sight, the fourfold army.

Verse 28 (12.103.28)

भेदं च प्रथमं विद्यात्तूष्णीं दण्डं तथैव च । काले प्रयोजयेद्राजा तस्मिंस्तस्मिंस्तदातदा ॥

bhedaṃ ca prathamaṃ vidyāttūṣṇīṃ daṇḍaṃ tathaiva ca | kāle prayojayedrājā tasmiṃstasmiṃstadātadā

Let him know division first, and likewise silent punishment; the king should apply each in its own season, as each occasion arises.

Verse 29 (12.103.29)

प्रणिपातं च गच्छेत काले शत्रोर्बलीयसः । युक्तोऽस्य वधमन्विच्छेदप्रमत्तः प्रमाद्यतः ॥

praṇipātaṃ ca gaccheta kāle śatrorbalīyasaḥ | yukto'sya vadhamanvicchedapramattaḥ pramādyataḥ

At the right time he should bow before an enemy who is stronger; intent on his destruction, he should stay watchful while the other grows careless.

Verse 30 (12.103.30)

प्रणिपातेन दानेन वाचा मधुरया ब्रुवन् । अमित्रमुपसेवेत न च जातु विशङ्कयेत् ॥

praṇipātena dānena vācā madhurayā bruvan | amitramupaseveta na ca jātu viśaṅkayet

With obeisance, gifts and sweet speech he should wait upon his enemy, and never give any cause for suspicion.

Verse 31 (12.103.31)

स्थानानि शङ्कितानां च नित्यमेव विवर्जयेत् । न च तेष्वाश्वसेद्राजा जाग्रतीह निराकृताः ॥

sthānāni śaṅkitānāṃ ca nityameva vivarjayet | na ca teṣvāśvasedrājā jāgratīha nirākṛtāḥ

He should always keep away from the places of those he suspects, and the king should not rest easy among them; those who have been spurned stay wide awake here.

Verse 32 (12.103.32)

न ह्यतो दुष्करं कर्म किंचिदस्ति सुरोत्तम । यथा विविधवृत्तानामैश्वर्यममराधिप ॥

na hyato duṣkaraṃ karma kiṃcidasti surottama | yathā vividhavṛttānāmaiśvaryamamarādhipa

There is no task so hard, best of the gods, lord of the immortals, as holding sway over men of shifting and diverse ways.

Verse 33 (12.103.33)

तथा विविधशीलानामपि संभव उच्यते । प्रयतेद्योगमास्थाय मित्रामित्रानवारयन् ॥

tathā vividhaśīlānāmapi saṃbhava ucyate | prayatedyogamāsthāya mitrāmitrānavārayan

So too, it is said, success is possible with men of varied dispositions. Let him strive, holding to a steady method, and not turn away either friends or foes.

Note on the text: Corrected मित्रामित्रानधारयन् → मित्रामित्रानवारयन् (misprint in Wikisource; ध for व; the form अधारयन् does not fit the sentence, and CE 12.104.32 has avārayan).

Verse 34 (12.103.34)

मृदुमप्यवमन्यन्ते तीक्ष्णादुद्विजते जनः । मातीक्ष्णो मा मृदुर्भूस्त्वं तीक्ष्णो भव मृदुर्भव ॥

mṛdumapyavamanyante tīkṣṇādudvijate janaḥ | mātīkṣṇo mā mṛdurbhūstvaṃ tīkṣṇo bhava mṛdurbhava

Even a gentle man is despised, and people shrink from a harsh one. Be neither only harsh nor only gentle: be harsh, and be gentle.

Verse 35 (12.103.35)

यथा वप्रे वेगवति सर्वतः संप्लुतोदके । नित्यं विचरणाद्बाधस्तथा राज्यं प्रमाद्यतः ॥

yathā vapre vegavati sarvataḥ saṃplutodake | nityaṃ vicaraṇādbādhastathā rājyaṃ pramādyataḥ

As an embankment is damaged by the constant tearing of a swift flood that submerges it on every side, so is the kingdom of a king who is careless.

Note on the text: Corrected संप्लतोदके → संप्लुतोदके (misprint in Wikisource; the vowel ु is dropped; CE 12.104.34 has saṃplutodake). Corrected वाधस्तथा → बाधस्तथा (misprint in Wikisource; the word 'bādha', 'damage', is spelt with व; CE 12.104.34 has bādhas).

Verse 36 (12.103.36)

न बहूनुपरुध्येत यौगपद्येन शात्रवान् । साम्ना दानेन भेदेन दण्डेन च पुरंदर ॥

na bahūnuparudhyeta yaugapadyena śātravān | sāmnā dānena bhedena daṇḍena ca puraṃdara

He should not besiege many enemies all at once, Purandara, whether by conciliation, gifts, division or force.

Verse 37 (12.103.37)

एकैकमेषां निष्पिष्य शिष्टेषु निपुणं चरेत् । न तु शक्तोऽपि मेधावी सर्वानेवाचरेद्बुधः ॥

ekaikameṣāṃ niṣpiṣya śiṣṭeṣu nipuṇaṃ caret | na tu śakto'pi medhāvī sarvānevācaredbudhaḥ

Crushing them one at a time, let him act skilfully towards the rest; a wise man, though strong, should not take on all of them together.

Verse 38 (12.103.38)

यदा स्यान्महती सेना हयनागरथाकुला । पदातियन्त्रबहुला अनुरक्ता षडङ्गिनी ॥

yadā syānmahatī senā hayanāgarathākulā | padātiyantrabahulā anuraktā ṣaḍaṅginī

When he has a great army thronged with horses, elephants and chariots, rich in foot-soldiers and engines, devoted to him, complete in its six limbs,

Verse 39 (12.103.39)

यदा बहुविधां वृद्धिं मन्येत प्रतियोगतः । तदा विवृत्य प्रहरेद्दस्यूनामविचारयन् ॥

yadā bahuvidhāṃ vṛddhiṃ manyeta pratiyogataḥ | tadā vivṛtya prahareddasyūnāmavicārayan

and when he judges that his strength has grown many times over beside his adversaries, he should then come out into the open and strike his foes, the marauders, without hesitation.

Verse 40 (12.103.40)

न साम दण्डोपनिषत्प्रशस्यते । न मार्दवं शत्रुषु यात्रिकं सदा । न सस्यघातो न च संकरक्रिया । न चापि भूयः प्रकृतेर्विचारणा ॥

na sāma daṇḍopaniṣatpraśasyate | na mārdavaṃ śatruṣu yātrikaṃ sadā | na sasyaghāto na ca saṃkarakriyā | na cāpi bhūyaḥ prakṛtervicāraṇā

Conciliation is not recommended, but rather the secret doctrine of force. Gentleness towards enemies is never fitting on a campaign; nor is the destruction of crops, nor the mixing in of poison, nor again a fresh enquiry into his own constituents.

Verse 41 (12.103.41)

मायाविभेदानुपसर्जनानि । वाचं तथैव प्रथमं प्रयोगात् । आप्तैर्मनुष्यैरुपचारयेत । पुरेषु राष्ट्रेषु च संप्रयुक्तान् ॥

māyāvibhedānupasarjanāni | vācaṃ tathaiva prathamaṃ prayogāt | āptairmanuṣyairupacārayeta | pureṣu rāṣṭreṣu ca saṃprayuktān

Let him have deceptions of many kinds, and the stirring up of enemies against one another, carried out, with words used before any action, through trusted men posted in the cities and in the countryside.

Verse 42 (12.103.42)

पुराऽपि चैताननुसृत्य भूमिपाः । पुरेषु भोगानखिलाञ्जयन्ति । पुरेषु नीतिं विहितां यथाविधि । प्रयोजयन्तो बलवृत्रसूदन ॥

purā'pi caitānanusṛtya bhūmipāḥ | pureṣu bhogānakhilāñjayanti | pureṣu nītiṃ vihitāṃ yathāvidhi | prayojayanto balavṛtrasūdana

Kings of old too, following these foes into their cities, won all their enjoyments there, applying in the cities the policy laid down according to rule, O slayer of Bala and Vritra.

Verse 43 (12.103.43)

प्रदाय गूढानि वसूनि नाम । प्रच्छिद्य भोगानपहाय च स्वान् । दुष्टाः स्वदोषैरिति कीर्तयित्वा । पुरेषु राष्ट्रेषु च योजयन्ति ॥

pradāya gūḍhāni vasūni nāma | pracchidya bhogānapahāya ca svān | duṣṭāḥ svadoṣairiti kīrtayitvā | pureṣu rāṣṭreṣu ca yojayanti

Having secretly given them wealth, stripped them of their enjoyments and cast them off, and having proclaimed them 'ruined by their own faults', they send them out into the cities and countries of the enemy.

Verse 44 (12.103.44)

तथैव चान्यैरपि शास्त्रवेदिभिः । स्वलंकृतैः शास्त्रविधानलिङ्गितैः । सुशिक्षितैर्भाष्यकथाविशारदैः । परेषु कृत्यामुपधारयेच्च ॥

tathaiva cānyairapi śāstravedibhiḥ | svalaṃkṛtaiḥ śāstravidhānaliṅgitaiḥ | suśikṣitairbhāṣyakathāviśāradaiḥ | pareṣu kṛtyāmupadhārayecca

And likewise through other men who know the sciences, well adorned, marked with the signs the science prescribes, well trained and skilled in commentary and storytelling, let him bring a deadly sorcery to bear on his enemies.

Verse 45 (12.103.45)

कानि लिङ्गानि दुष्टस्य भवन्ति द्विजसत्तम । कथं दुष्टं विजानीयादेतत्पृष्टो ब्रवीहि मे ॥

kāni liṅgāni duṣṭasya bhavanti dvijasattama | kathaṃ duṣṭaṃ vijānīyādetatpṛṣṭo bravīhi me

What are the signs of a wicked man, best of brahmins? How is a wicked man to be recognised? Asked this, tell me.

Note on the text: Corrected विजानीयादेतत्पुष्टो → विजानीयादेतत्पृष्टो (misprint in Wikisource; ऋ dropped to उ; CE 12.104.44 has etat pṛṣṭo, 'asked this').

Verse 46 (12.103.46)

परोक्षमगुणानाह सद्गुणानभ्यसूयति । परैर्वा कीर्त्यमानेषु तूष्णीमास्ते पराङ्मुखः ॥

parokṣamaguṇānāha sadguṇānabhyasūyati | parairvā kīrtyamāneṣu tūṣṇīmāste parāṅmukhaḥ

He speaks of faults behind a man's back, resents his good qualities, and when others praise him he sits silent with his face turned away.

Note on the text: Corrected सद्रुणानभ्यसूयति → सद्गुणानभ्यसूयति (misprint in Wikisource; the conjunct ग is broken; CE 12.104.45 has sadguṇān). Corrected पराङ्भुखः → पराङ्मुखः (misprint in Wikisource; भ for म; CE 12.104.45 has parāṅmukhaḥ).

Verse 47 (12.103.47)

तूष्णींभावेऽपि विज्ञेयं न चेद्भवति कारणम् । विश्वासं चोष्ठसंदंशं शिरसश्च प्रकम्पनम् ॥

tūṣṇīṃbhāve'pi vijñeyaṃ na cedbhavati kāraṇam | viśvāsaṃ coṣṭhasaṃdaṃśaṃ śirasaśca prakampanam

Even his silence is to be noted when there is no reason for it, and likewise a show of trust, a biting of the lip, and a shaking of the head.

Verse 48 (12.103.48)

करोत्यभीक्ष्णं संसृष्टमसंसृष्टश्च भाषते । अदृष्टवद्विकुरुते दृष्ट्वा वा नाभिभाषते ॥

karotyabhīkṣṇaṃ saṃsṛṣṭamasaṃsṛṣṭaśca bhāṣate | adṛṣṭavadvikurute dṛṣṭvā vā nābhibhāṣate

He often makes himself an associate, yet speaks as though he were no associate; he acts as if he had not seen, or, having seen, does not speak.

Verse 49 (12.103.49)

पृथगेत्य समश्नाति नेदमद्य यथाविधि । आसने शयने याने भावा लक्ष्या विशेषतः ॥

pṛthagetya samaśnāti nedamadya yathāvidhi | āsane śayane yāne bhāvā lakṣyā viśeṣataḥ

He comes and eats apart, saying 'this is not done properly today'. In sitting, lying down and riding, his feelings are to be watched especially.

Verse 50 (12.103.50)

आर्तिरार्ते प्रिये प्रीतिरेतावन्मित्रलक्षणम् । विपरीतं तु बोद्धव्यमरिलक्षणमेव तत् ॥

ārtirārte priye prītiretāvanmitralakṣaṇam | viparītaṃ tu boddhavyamarilakṣaṇameva tat

Distress at another's distress and joy at his joy: this much is the mark of a friend. Know the opposite to be the mark of an enemy.

Verse 51 (12.103.51)

एतान्येव यथोक्तानि बुध्येथास्त्रिदशाधिप । पुरुषाणां प्रदुष्टानां स्वभावो बलवत्तरः ॥

etānyeva yathoktāni budhyethāstridaśādhipa | puruṣāṇāṃ praduṣṭānāṃ svabhāvo balavattaraḥ

Mark these very signs as I have told them, O lord of the thirty gods; in corrupt men their nature is the stronger.

Verse 52 (12.103.52)

इति दुष्टस्य विज्ञानमुक्तं ते सुरसत्तम । निशाम्य शास्त्रतत्त्वार्थं यथावदमरेश्वरः ॥

iti duṣṭasya vijñānamuktaṃ te surasattama | niśāmya śāstratattvārthaṃ yathāvadamareśvaraḥ

Thus the means of recognising the wicked has been told to you, best of the gods. Having heard the essence of the teaching exactly as given, the lord of the immortals,

Note on the text: Corrected सुतसत्तम → सुरसत्तम (misprint in Wikisource; र for त; Brihaspati addresses Indra, and CE 12.104.51 has surasattama, 'best of the gods'). The second line is the start of the narrator's sentence, which continues in the next verse; the page prints the heading of Bhishma only before verse 53, so the verse stays with Brihaspati.

Verse 53 (12.103.53)

स तद्वचः शत्रुनिबर्हणे रत । स्तथा चकारावितथं बृहस्पतेः । चचार काले विजयाय चारिहा । वशं च शत्रूननयत्पुरंदरः ॥

sa tadvacaḥ śatrunibarhaṇe rata | stathā cakārāvitathaṃ bṛhaspateḥ | cacāra kāle vijayāya cārihā | vaśaṃ ca śatrūnanayatpuraṃdaraḥ

delighting in the destruction of his foes, followed Brihaspati's words faithfully. Slayer of enemies that he was, he acted at the right time for victory, and Purandara brought his enemies under his power.