The Nature and Names of Danda

Verse 1 (12.121.1)

अयं पितामहेनोक्तो राजधर्मः सनातनः । कीदृशश्च महादण्डो दण्डे सर्वं प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥

ayaṃ pitāmahenokto rājadharmaḥ sanātanaḥ | kīdṛśaśca mahādaṇḍo daṇḍe sarvaṃ pratiṣṭhitam

This everlasting duty of kings has been taught by the Grandsire. What, then, is the great Danda, the rod of punishment, upon which everything rests?

Verse 2 (12.121.2)

देवतानामृषीणां च पितॄणां च महात्मनाम् । यक्षरक्षः पिशाचानां मर्त्यानां च विशेषतः ॥

devatānāmṛṣīṇāṃ ca pitṝṇāṃ ca mahātmanām | yakṣarakṣaḥ piśācānāṃ martyānāṃ ca viśeṣataḥ

Of the gods, the seers, the Fathers and the great-souled; of yakshas, rakshasas and pishachas, and above all of mortals —

Verse 3 (12.121.3)

सर्वेषां प्राणिनां लोके तिर्यक्ष्वपि निवासिनाम् । सर्वस्यापि महातेजा दण्डः श्रेयानिति प्रभो ॥

sarveṣāṃ prāṇināṃ loke tiryakṣvapi nivāsinām | sarvasyāpi mahātejā daṇḍaḥ śreyāniti prabho

of every living being in the world, even those that dwell among the lower creatures — of all of them, O lord, you have said that mighty Danda is the highest good.

Verse 4 (12.121.4)

इत्येतदुक्तं भवता दण्डे वै सचराचरम् । पश्यतां लोक आयत्तं ससुरासुरमानुषम् । एतदिच्छाम्यहं श्रोतुं तत्त्वेन भरतर्षभ ॥

ityetaduktaṃ bhavatā daṇḍe vai sacarācaram | paśyatāṃ loka āyattaṃ sasurāsuramānuṣam | etadicchāmyahaṃ śrotuṃ tattvena bharatarṣabha

You have said that the whole world, moving and unmoving, with its gods, asuras and men, depends on Danda, as the wise see it. This I wish to hear in its true nature, O best of the Bharatas.

Note on the text: Lines 1-2 correspond to CE 12.121.4 (wording differs: CE has sarvaṃ daṇḍyaṃ carācaram / dṛśyate lokam āsaktaṃ); line 3 is CE 12.121.5a. The page prints the verse as 4a-4c (three lines).

Verse 5 (12.121.5)

को दण्डः कीदृशो दण्डः किंरूपः किंपरायणः । किमात्मकः कथंभूतः कतिमूर्तिः कथं प्रभुः ॥

ko daṇḍaḥ kīdṛśo daṇḍaḥ kiṃrūpaḥ kiṃparāyaṇaḥ | kimātmakaḥ kathaṃbhūtaḥ katimūrtiḥ kathaṃ prabhuḥ

What is Danda? What kind of thing is it? What is its form, and what is its final end? What is its essence, how does it come to be, how many forms has it, and how is it a ruler?

Note on the text: Lines map to CE 12.121.5c and 6a.

Verse 6 (12.121.6)

जागर्ति च कथं दण्डः प्रजासु विहितात्मकः । कश्च पूर्वापरमिदं जागर्ति प्रतिपालयन् ॥

jāgarti ca kathaṃ daṇḍaḥ prajāsu vihitātmakaḥ | kaśca pūrvāparamidaṃ jāgarti pratipālayan

How does Danda, laid down among the people, keep watch? And who is it that keeps watch over all this, before and after, protecting it?

Note on the text: Lines map to CE 12.121.6c and 7a.

Verse 7 (12.121.7)

कश्च विज्ञायते पूर्वः को वरो दण्डसंज्ञितः । किंसंस्थश्चाभवद्दण्डः का चास्य गतिरिष्यते ॥

kaśca vijñāyate pūrvaḥ ko varo daṇḍasaṃjñitaḥ | kiṃsaṃsthaścābhavaddaṇḍaḥ kā cāsya gatiriṣyate

Who is known to come first, and who is the highest one called Danda? In what is Danda established, and what is said to be its goal?

Note on the text: Lines map to CE 12.121.7c and 7e.

Verse 8 (12.121.8)

शृणु कौरव्य यो दण्डो व्यवहारो यथा च सः । यस्मिन्हि सर्वमायत्तं स धर्म इति केवलः ॥

śṛṇu kauravya yo daṇḍo vyavahāro yathā ca saḥ | yasminhi sarvamāyattaṃ sa dharma iti kevalaḥ

Listen, descendant of Kuru, to what Danda is and how it is the same as vyavahara, the practice of justice. That in which everything rests is nothing other than Dharma.

Verse 9 (12.121.9)

धर्मस्यार्थे महाराज व्यवहार इतीष्यते । तस्य लोपः कथं न स्याल्लोकेष्विह महात्मनः ॥

dharmasyārthe mahārāja vyavahāra itīṣyate | tasya lopaḥ kathaṃ na syāllokeṣviha mahātmanaḥ

O great king, it is for the sake of Dharma that the practice of justice is called vyavahara; how else could the loss of that great principle be prevented in these worlds?

Verse 10 (12.121.10)

इत्यर्थं व्यवहारस्य व्यवहारत्वमिष्यते । अपि चैतत्पुरा राजन्मनुना प्रोक्तमादितः ॥

ityarthaṃ vyavahārasya vyavahāratvamiṣyate | api caitatpurā rājanmanunā proktamāditaḥ

It is for this reason that vyavahara is called vyavahara. Long ago, O king, Manu too said this at the very beginning:

Note on the text: Corrected व्यवाहरस्य → व्यवहारस्य (misprint in Wikisource; the vowels are transposed and the word is not otherwise valid; CE 12.121.9e has vyavahārasya). Line 1 is CE 12.121.9e, line 2 is CE 12.121.10a.

Verse 11 (12.121.11)

सुप्रणीतेन दण्डेन प्रियाप्रियसमात्मना । प्रजा रक्षति यः सम्यग्धर्म एव स केवलः ॥

supraṇītena daṇḍena priyāpriyasamātmanā | prajā rakṣati yaḥ samyagdharma eva sa kevalaḥ

The king who protects his people rightly, by Danda well applied, looking alike on the dear and the disliked, is Dharma itself and nothing else.

Verse 12 (12.121.12)

यथोक्तमेतद्वचनं प्रागेव मनुना पुरा । यन्मयोक्तं वसिष्ठेन ब्रह्मणो वचनं महत् ॥

yathoktametadvacanaṃ prāgeva manunā purā | yanmayoktaṃ vasiṣṭhena brahmaṇo vacanaṃ mahat

Manu spoke these very words long ago, at the very beginning; and the great saying of Brahma that I have spoken here was spoken also by Vasishtha.

Verse 13 (12.121.13)

प्रागिदं वचनं प्रोक्तमतः प्राग्वचनं विदुः । व्यवहारस्य चाख्यानाद्व्यवहार इहोच्यते ॥

prāgidaṃ vacanaṃ proktamataḥ prāgvacanaṃ viduḥ | vyavahārasya cākhyānādvyavahāra ihocyate

Because this teaching was uttered at the very beginning, people call it the "first saying"; and because it sets forth the law, it is called vyavahara here.

Verse 14 (12.121.14)

दण्डान्त्रिवर्गः सततं सुप्रणीतात्प्रवर्तते । दैवं हि परमो दण्डो रूपतोऽग्निरिवोत्थितः ॥

daṇḍāntrivargaḥ satataṃ supraṇītātpravartate | daivaṃ hi paramo daṇḍo rūpato'gnirivotthitaḥ

From Danda well applied the three aims of life always arise. Danda is indeed a supreme divinity, in form like a fire that has flared up.

Verse 15 (12.121.15)

नीलोत्पलदलश्यामश्चतुर्दंष्ट्रश्चतुर्भुजः । अष्टपान्नैकनयनः शङ्कुकर्णोर्ध्वरोमवान् ॥

nīlotpaladalaśyāmaścaturdaṃṣṭraścaturbhujaḥ | aṣṭapānnaikanayanaḥ śaṅkukarṇordhvaromavān

Dark as the petal of a blue lotus, four-tusked, four-armed, eight-footed, many-eyed, with ears like spikes and hair standing on end;

Verse 16 (12.121.16)

जटी द्विजिह्वस्ताम्रास्यो मृगराजतनुच्छदः । एतद्रूपं बिभर्त्युग्रं दण्डो नित्यं दुरासदः ॥

jaṭī dvijihvastāmrāsyo mṛgarājatanucchadaḥ | etadrūpaṃ bibhartyugraṃ daṇḍo nityaṃ durāsadaḥ

matted-haired, two-tongued, copper-faced, clad in the hide of the king of beasts — such is the fearsome form that Danda ever bears, hard to approach.

Verse 17 (12.121.17)

असिर्धनुर्गदा शक्तिस्त्रिशूलं मुद्गरः शरः । मुसलं परशुश्चक्रं प्रासदण्डर्ष्टितोमराः ॥

asirdhanurgadā śaktistriśūlaṃ mudgaraḥ śaraḥ | musalaṃ paraśuścakraṃ prāsadaṇḍarṣṭitomarāḥ

The sword, bow, mace, spear, trident, club, arrow, pestle, axe, discus, lance, staff, double-edged sword and javelin —

Verse 18 (12.121.18)

सर्वप्रहरणीयानि यानि यानीह कानिचित् । दण्ड एव स सर्वात्मा लोके चरति मूर्तिमान् ॥

sarvapraharaṇīyāni yāni yānīha kānicit | daṇḍa eva sa sarvātmā loke carati mūrtimān

whatever weapons of any kind there are here, all of them are Danda itself; the self of all, he moves through the world embodied.

Verse 19 (12.121.19)

भिन्दंश्छिन्दन्रुजन्कृन्तन्दारयन्पाटयंस्तथा । घातयन्नभिधावंश्च दण्ड एव चरत्युत ॥

bhindaṃśchindanrujankṛntandārayanpāṭayaṃstathā | ghātayannabhidhāvaṃśca daṇḍa eva caratyuta

Breaking, cutting, crushing, slicing, tearing, ripping, striking down and charging forward — it is Danda alone that moves about doing all this.

Verse 20 (12.121.20)

असिर्विशसनो धर्मस्तीक्ष्णवर्मा दुरासदः । श्रीगर्भो विजयः शास्ता व्यवहारः प्रजागरः ॥

asirviśasano dharmastīkṣṇavarmā durāsadaḥ | śrīgarbho vijayaḥ śāstā vyavahāraḥ prajāgaraḥ

He is the Sword, the Slayer, Dharma, the Sharp-armoured, the Unapproachable, the Womb of Prosperity, Victory, the Ruler, Vyavahara and the Ever-Watchful.

Verse 21 (12.121.21)

शास्त्रं ब्राह्मणमन्त्राश्च शास्ता प्रवचनं परम् । धर्मपालोऽक्षरो गोपः सत्यगो नित्यगो गृहः ॥

śāstraṃ brāhmaṇamantrāśca śāstā pravacanaṃ param | dharmapālo'kṣaro gopaḥ satyago nityago gṛhaḥ

He is the Scripture, the Brahmanas and Mantras, the Ruler, the Supreme Teaching, the Guardian of Dharma, the Imperishable, the Protector, the Follower of Truth, the Ever-Going, and the House.

Verse 22 (12.121.22)

असङ्गो रुद्रतनयो मनुर्ज्येष्ठः शिवंकरः । नामान्येतानि दण्डस्य कीर्तितानि युधिष्ठिर ॥

asaṅgo rudratanayo manurjyeṣṭhaḥ śivaṃkaraḥ | nāmānyetāni daṇḍasya kīrtitāni yudhiṣṭhira

He is the Unattached, the Son of Rudra, Manu the Eldest, and the Bringer of Good. These, Yudhishthira, are the names of Danda that have been recited.

Verse 23 (12.121.23)

दण्डो हि भगवान्विष्णुर्यज्ञो नारायणः प्रभुः । शश्वद्रूपं महद्बिभ्रन्महापुरुष उच्यते ॥

daṇḍo hi bhagavānviṣṇuryajño nārāyaṇaḥ prabhuḥ | śaśvadrūpaṃ mahadbibhranmahāpuruṣa ucyate

Danda is the Blessed Vishnu himself, Sacrifice, the Lord Narayana. Because he ever bears the great form, he is called the Mahapurusha, the Supreme Person.

Note on the text: Corrected शश्वद्रुपं → शश्वद्रूपं (misprint in Wikisource; short उ for ऊ; CE 12.121.22c has rūpaṃ) and महात्पुरुष → महापुरुष (misprint in Wikisource; महात्पुरुष is not a valid compound form here, the compound is महापुरुष; CE 12.121.22c has mahāpuruṣa).

Verse 24 (12.121.24)

तथोक्ता ब्रह्मकन्येति लक्ष्मीर्नीतिः सरस्वती । दण्डनीतिर्जगद्धात्री दण्डो हि बहुविग्रहः ॥

tathoktā brahmakanyeti lakṣmīrnītiḥ sarasvatī | daṇḍanītirjagaddhātrī daṇḍo hi bahuvigrahaḥ

And she who is called the daughter of Brahma — Lakshmi, Niti, Sarasvati — is Dandaniti, the sustainer of the world. For Danda has many forms.

Verse 25 (12.121.25)

अर्थानर्थौ सुखं दुःखं धर्माधर्मौ बलाबले । दौर्भाग्यं भागधेयं च पुण्यापुण्ये गुणागुणौ ॥

arthānarthau sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ dharmādharmau balābale | daurbhāgyaṃ bhāgadheyaṃ ca puṇyāpuṇye guṇāguṇau

Gain and loss, happiness and sorrow, righteousness and unrighteousness, strength and weakness, ill fortune and good fortune, merit and demerit, virtue and vice;

Verse 26 (12.121.26)

कामाकामावृतुर्मासः शर्वरी दिवसः क्षणः । अप्रमादः प्रमादश्च हर्षशोकौ शमो दमः ॥

kāmākāmāvṛturmāsaḥ śarvarī divasaḥ kṣaṇaḥ | apramādaḥ pramādaśca harṣaśokau śamo damaḥ

desire and its absence; season, month, night, day and moment; vigilance and negligence; joy and grief; tranquillity and self-control;

Verse 27 (12.121.27)

दैवं पुरुषकारश्च मोक्षामोक्षौ भयाभये । हिंसाहिंसे तपो यज्ञः संयमोऽथ विषामृते ॥

daivaṃ puruṣakāraśca mokṣāmokṣau bhayābhaye | hiṃsāhiṃse tapo yajñaḥ saṃyamo'tha viṣāmṛte

fate and human effort; liberation and bondage; fear and fearlessness; violence and non-violence; austerity, sacrifice and restraint; poison and nectar;

Verse 28 (12.121.28)

अन्तश्चादिश्च मध्यं च कृतानां च प्रपञ्चनम् । मदः प्रमोदो दर्पश्च दम्भो धैर्यं नयानयौ ॥

antaścādiśca madhyaṃ ca kṛtānāṃ ca prapañcanam | madaḥ pramodo darpaśca dambho dhairyaṃ nayānayau

the end, the beginning and the middle; the unfolding of all that is made; intoxication, delight, pride, hypocrisy, steadiness; wise policy and foolish policy;

Verse 29 (12.121.29)

अशक्तिः शक्तिरित्येवं मानस्तम्भौ व्ययाव्ययौ । विनयश्च विसर्गश्च कालाकालौ च कौरव ॥

aśaktiḥ śaktirityevaṃ mānastambhau vyayāvyayau | vinayaśca visargaśca kālākālau ca kaurava

weakness and power; pride and rigidity; spending and not spending; discipline and letting go; the right time and the wrong time, O Kaurava;

Verse 30 (12.121.30)

अनृतं चाज्ञता सत्यं श्रद्धाश्रद्धे तथैव च । क्लीबता व्यवसायश्च लाभालाभौ जयाजयौ ॥

anṛtaṃ cājñatā satyaṃ śraddhāśraddhe tathaiva ca | klībatā vyavasāyaśca lābhālābhau jayājayau

falsehood, ignorance and truth; faith and want of faith; unmanliness and resolve; gain and loss; victory and defeat;

Verse 31 (12.121.31)

तीक्ष्णता मृदुतात्युग्रमागमानागमौ तथा । विरोधश्चाविरोधश्च कार्याकार्ये बलाबले ॥

tīkṣṇatā mṛdutātyugramāgamānāgamau tathā | virodhaścāvirodhaśca kāryākārye balābale

sharpness and gentleness, extreme fierceness; arrival and non-arrival; opposition and its absence; what should be done and what should not; strength and weakness;

Verse 32 (12.121.32)

असूया चानसूया च धर्माधर्मौ तथैव च । अपत्रपानपत्रपे ह्रीश्च संपद्विपच्च ह ॥

asūyā cānasūyā ca dharmādharmau tathaiva ca | apatrapānapatrape hrīśca saṃpadvipacca ha

envy and freedom from envy; righteousness and unrighteousness once more; shamelessness and a sense of shame; modesty; prosperity and misfortune;

Verse 33 (12.121.33)

तेजः कर्माणि पाण्डित्यं वाक्शक्तिर्बुद्धितत्वता । एवं दण्डस्य लोकेऽस्मिञ्जागर्ति बहुरूपता ॥

tejaḥ karmāṇi pāṇḍityaṃ vākśaktirbuddhitatvatā | evaṃ daṇḍasya loke'smiñjāgarti bahurūpatā

splendour, deeds, learning, power of speech and discernment of the truth of things. Thus in this world the many forms of Danda are ever wakeful.

Verse 34 (12.121.34)

न स्याद्यदीह दण्डो वै प्रमथेयुः परस्परम् । भयाद्दण्डस्य नान्योन्यं घ्नन्ति चैव युधिष्ठिर ॥

na syādyadīha daṇḍo vai pramatheyuḥ parasparam | bhayāddaṇḍasya nānyonyaṃ ghnanti caiva yudhiṣṭhira

If there were no Danda here, people would crush one another. It is out of fear of Danda that they do not kill one another, Yudhishthira.

Verse 35 (12.121.35)

दण्डेन रक्ष्यमाणा हि राजन्नहरहः प्रजाः । राजानं वर्धयन्तीह तस्माद्दण्डः परायणम् ॥

daṇḍena rakṣyamāṇā hi rājannaharahaḥ prajāḥ | rājānaṃ vardhayantīha tasmāddaṇḍaḥ parāyaṇam

For the people, protected by Danda day after day, make their king prosper here, O king; therefore Danda is the final refuge.

Verse 36 (12.121.36)

व्यवस्थापयते नित्यमिमं लोकं नरेश्वर । सत्ये व्यवस्थितो धर्मो ब्राह्मणेष्ववतिष्ठते ॥

vyavasthāpayate nityamimaṃ lokaṃ nareśvara | satye vyavasthito dharmo brāhmaṇeṣvavatiṣṭhate

It keeps this world ever in order, O lord of men. Dharma, established in truth, abides in the Brahmins.

Verse 37 (12.121.37)

धर्मयुक्ता द्विजश्रेष्ठा देवयुक्ता भवन्ति च । बभूव यज्ञो देवेभ्यो यज्ञः प्रीणाति देवताः ॥

dharmayuktā dvijaśreṣṭhā devayuktā bhavanti ca | babhūva yajño devebhyo yajñaḥ prīṇāti devatāḥ

The best of the twice-born, devoted to Dharma, become united with the gods. Sacrifice arose for the gods, and sacrifice pleases the gods.

Verse 38 (12.121.38)

प्रीताश्च देवता लोकमिन्द्रे प्रतिददत्युत । अन्नं ददाति शक्रश्चाप्यनुगृह्णन्निमाः प्रजाः ॥

prītāśca devatā lokamindre pratidadatyuta | annaṃ dadāti śakraścāpyanugṛhṇannimāḥ prajāḥ

And the gods, pleased, entrust the world to Indra. Indra, favouring these creatures, gives them food.

Note on the text: Corrected अत्रं → अन्नं (misprint in Wikisource; the conjunct न्न is broken, अत्रं is not a word here; CE 12.121.37c has annaṃ).

Verse 39 (12.121.39)

प्राणाश्च सर्वभूतानां नित्यमन्ने प्रतिष्ठिताः । तस्मात्प्रजाः प्रतिष्ठन्ते दण्डो जागर्ति तासु च ॥

prāṇāśca sarvabhūtānāṃ nityamanne pratiṣṭhitāḥ | tasmātprajāḥ pratiṣṭhante daṇḍo jāgarti tāsu ca

The life-breaths of all beings rest always on food; hence the people stand firm, and Danda keeps watch over them.

Verse 40 (12.121.40)

एवंप्रयोजनश्चैव दण्डः क्षत्रियतां गतः । रक्षन्प्रजाः स जागर्ति नित्यं सुविहितोऽक्षरः ॥

evaṃprayojanaścaiva daṇḍaḥ kṣatriyatāṃ gataḥ | rakṣanprajāḥ sa jāgarti nityaṃ suvihito'kṣaraḥ

Such being its purpose, Danda has taken on the nature of the Kshatriya. Protecting the people, the Imperishable one ever keeps watch, firmly established.

Note on the text: Corrected एवंप्नयोजनश्चैव → एवंप्रयोजनश्चैव (misprint in Wikisource; न for र; CE 12.121.39a has evaṃprayojanaś caiva); रक्षप्रजाः → रक्षन्प्रजाः (misprint in Wikisource; the halant न् is dropped; CE 39c has rakṣan prajāḥ); स्ववहितोक्षरः → सुविहितोऽक्षरः (misprint in Wikisource; स्ववहितो is not a valid form and the avagraha is missing; the smallest fix that yields the CE word is CE 39c suvihito 'kṣaraḥ).

Verse 41 (12.121.41)

ईश्वरः पुरुषः प्राणः सत्वं वृत्तं प्रजापतिः । भूतात्मा जीव इत्येवं नामभिः प्रोच्यतेऽष्टभिः ॥

īśvaraḥ puruṣaḥ prāṇaḥ satvaṃ vṛttaṃ prajāpatiḥ | bhūtātmā jīva ityevaṃ nāmabhiḥ procyate'ṣṭabhiḥ

Lord, Person, Life-breath, Being, Conduct, Prajapati, Self of Beings, and Jiva: by these eight names he is called.

Verse 42 (12.121.42)

अददद्दण्डमेवास्मै धृतमैश्वर्यमेव च । बले नयश्च संयुक्तः सदा पञ्चविधात्मकः ॥

adadaddaṇḍamevāsmai dhṛtamaiśvaryameva ca | bale nayaśca saṃyuktaḥ sadā pañcavidhātmakaḥ

The Lord gave this king Danda itself, and established sovereignty with it; and joined always with strength and policy, the king is fivefold in nature.

Verse 43 (12.121.43)

कुलं बहुधनामात्याः प्रज्ञा प्रोक्ता बलानि तु । आहार्यमष्टकैर्द्रव्यैर्बलमन्यद्युधिष्ठिर ॥

kulaṃ bahudhanāmātyāḥ prajñā proktā balāni tu | āhāryamaṣṭakairdravyairbalamanyadyudhiṣṭhira

Lineage, abundant wealth, ministers and wisdom are declared to be forms of strength. Another strength, Yudhishthira, is that which is to be gathered by means of the eightfold resources.

Verse 44 (12.121.44)

हस्तिनोऽश्वा रथाः पत्तिर्नावो विष्टिस्तथैव च । देशिकाश्चादिकाश्चैव तदष्टाङ्गं बलं स्मृतम् ॥

hastino'śvā rathāḥ pattirnāvo viṣṭistathaiva ca | deśikāścādikāścaiva tadaṣṭāṅgaṃ balaṃ smṛtam

Elephants, horses, chariots, foot-soldiers, boats, forced labourers, guides and forerunners: this is remembered as the eight-limbed force.

Verse 45 (12.121.45)

अथ चाङ्गस्य युक्तस्य रथिनो हस्तियायिनः । अश्वारोहाः पदाताश्च मन्त्रिणो रसदाश्च ये ॥

atha cāṅgasya yuktasya rathino hastiyāyinaḥ | aśvārohāḥ padātāśca mantriṇo rasadāśca ye

Then, within that equipped force: the chariot-warriors and elephant-riders, the horsemen and foot-soldiers, the ministers and the physicians,

Verse 46 (12.121.46)

भिक्षुकाः प्राड्विवाकाश्च मौहूर्ता दैवचिन्तकाः । कोशो मित्राणि धान्यं च सर्वोपकरणानि च ॥

bhikṣukāḥ prāḍvivākāśca mauhūrtā daivacintakāḥ | kośo mitrāṇi dhānyaṃ ca sarvopakaraṇāni ca

the mendicants, the judges, the astrologers and those who read the portents, the treasury, the allies, the grain, and every kind of equipment —

Verse 47 (12.121.47)

सप्तप्रकृति चाष्टाङ्गं शरीरमिह तं विदुः । राज्यस्य दण्डमेवाङ्गं दण्डः प्रभव एव च ॥

saptaprakṛti cāṣṭāṅgaṃ śarīramiha taṃ viduḥ | rājyasya daṇḍamevāṅgaṃ daṇḍaḥ prabhava eva ca

this, with its seven constituents and eight limbs, they know here as the body of the realm. Danda is a limb of the kingdom, and Danda is also its source.

Verse 48 (12.121.48)

ईश्वरेण प्रसन्नेन कारणात्क्षत्रियस्य च । दण्डो दत्तः सदा गोप्ता दण्डो हीदं सनातनम् ॥

īśvareṇa prasannena kāraṇātkṣatriyasya ca | daṇḍo dattaḥ sadā goptā daṇḍo hīdaṃ sanātanam

The Lord, pleased, for the sake of the Kshatriya, gave Danda as an ever-protecting guardian; for Danda is this eternal order.

Verse 49 (12.121.49)

राजा पूज्यतमो नान्यो यथा धर्मः प्रदर्शितः । ब्रह्मणा लोकरक्षार्थं स्वधर्मस्थापनाय च ॥

rājā pūjyatamo nānyo yathā dharmaḥ pradarśitaḥ | brahmaṇā lokarakṣārthaṃ svadharmasthāpanāya ca

The king is the most worthy of reverence; none other is, as Dharma has been shown by Brahma for the protection of the world and the establishment of each one's own duty.

Note on the text: Line 1 is CE 12.121.47e, line 2 is CE 12.121.48a.

Verse 50 (12.121.50)

भर्तृप्रत्यय उत्पन्नो व्यवहारस्तथाविधः । तस्याद्य सहितो दृष्टो भर्तृप्रत्ययलक्षणः ॥

bhartṛpratyaya utpanno vyavahārastathāvidhaḥ | tasyādya sahito dṛṣṭo bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇaḥ

Vyavahara has thus arisen as something resting on the authority of the master. And the form of it that is seen combined with it is marked by reliance on the master.

Verse 51 (12.121.51)

व्यवहारस्तु वेदात्मा वेदप्रत्यय उच्यते । मौलश्च नरशार्दूल शास्त्रोक्तश्च तथाऽपरः ॥

vyavahārastu vedātmā vedapratyaya ucyate | maulaśca naraśārdūla śāstroktaśca tathā'paraḥ

Another vyavahara, whose nature is the Veda, is said to rest on the authority of the Veda. Another, O tiger among men, is the traditional kind, and yet another is that declared in the treatises.

Verse 52 (12.121.52)

उक्तो यश्चापि दण्डोऽसौ भर्तृप्रत्ययलक्षणः । ज्ञेयो नः स नरेन्द्रस्थो दण्डः प्रत्यय एव च ॥

ukto yaścāpi daṇḍo'sau bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇaḥ | jñeyo naḥ sa narendrastho daṇḍaḥ pratyaya eva ca

And that Danda which has been described, marked by reliance on the master, must be understood by us as residing in the king; it is also the authority itself.

Verse 53 (12.121.53)

दण्डप्रत्ययदृष्टोऽपि व्यवहारात्मकः स्मृतः । व्यवहारः स्मृतो यश्च स वेदविषयात्मकः ॥

daṇḍapratyayadṛṣṭo'pi vyavahārātmakaḥ smṛtaḥ | vyavahāraḥ smṛto yaśca sa vedaviṣayātmakaḥ

What is seen to rest on Danda is likewise held to be of the nature of vyavahara; and the vyavahara handed down in tradition has the Veda as its subject.

Verse 54 (12.121.54)

यश्च वेदप्रसूतात्मा स धर्मो गुणदर्शनः । धर्मप्रत्यय उद्दिष्टो यश्च धर्मः कृतात्मभिः ॥

yaśca vedaprasūtātmā sa dharmo guṇadarśanaḥ | dharmapratyaya uddiṣṭo yaśca dharmaḥ kṛtātmabhiḥ

And that which springs from the Veda is Dharma, which reveals what is good; it is declared to rest on Dharma, and is the Dharma of the perfected souls.

Verse 55 (12.121.55)

व्यवहारः प्रजागोप्ता ब्रह्मदृष्टो युधिष्ठिर । त्रीन्धारयति लोकान्वै सत्यात्मा भूतिवर्धनः ॥

vyavahāraḥ prajāgoptā brahmadṛṣṭo yudhiṣṭhira | trīndhārayati lokānvai satyātmā bhūtivardhanaḥ

Vyavahara, the protector of the people, was envisioned by Brahma, Yudhishthira. Truthful in nature and increasing prosperity, it upholds the three worlds.

Verse 56 (12.121.56)

यश्च दण्डः स दृष्टो नो व्यवहारः सनातनः । व्यवहारश्च दृष्टो यः स वेद इति नः श्रुतिः ॥

yaśca daṇḍaḥ sa dṛṣṭo no vyavahāraḥ sanātanaḥ | vyavahāraśca dṛṣṭo yaḥ sa veda iti naḥ śrutiḥ

What is Danda we see as the eternal vyavahara; and what is seen as vyavahara is the Veda, so our tradition tells us.

Verse 57 (12.121.57)

यश्च वेदः स वै धर्मो यश्च धर्मः स सत्पथः । ब्रह्मा पितामहः पूर्वं भगवांश्च प्रजापतिः ॥

yaśca vedaḥ sa vai dharmo yaśca dharmaḥ sa satpathaḥ | brahmā pitāmahaḥ pūrvaṃ bhagavāṃśca prajāpatiḥ

And what is the Veda is Dharma, and what is Dharma is the path of the good. Brahma, the Grandsire, the Blessed Lord of Creatures, was first;

Note on the text: Line 1 is CE 12.121.54e; line 2 is a variant of CE 12.121.55a (CE: brahmā prajāpatiḥ pūrvaṃ babhūvātha pitāmahaḥ).

Verse 58 (12.121.58)

लोकानां स हि सर्वेषां ससुरासुररक्षसाम् । स मनुष्योरगवतां कर्ता चैव स भूतकृत् ॥

lokānāṃ sa hi sarveṣāṃ sasurāsurarakṣasām | sa manuṣyoragavatāṃ kartā caiva sa bhūtakṛt

for he is the maker of all the worlds, with their gods, asuras and rakshasas, the maker of men and serpents, and the creator of beings.

Verse 59 (12.121.59)

ततो नो व्यवहारोऽयं भर्तृप्रत्ययलक्षणः । तस्मादिदमवोचाम व्यवहारनिदर्शनम् ॥

tato no vyavahāro'yaṃ bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇaḥ | tasmādidamavocāma vyavahāranidarśanam

From him, then, comes this vyavahara of ours, marked by reliance on the master; and so we have spoken this illustration of vyavahara.

Verse 60 (12.121.60)

माता पिता च भ्राता च भार्या चैव पुरोहितः । नादण्ड्यो विद्यते राज्ञो यः स्वधर्मेण तिष्ठति ॥

mātā pitā ca bhrātā ca bhāryā caiva purohitaḥ | nādaṇḍyo vidyate rājño yaḥ svadharmeṇa tiṣṭhati

For a king who stands by his own duty, no one is beyond punishment: not mother, father, brother, wife, nor the household priest.