Tuladhara Teaches Jajali the Dharma of Non-Harm

Verse 1 (12.268.1)

इत्युक्तः स तदा तेन तुलाधारेण धीमता । प्रोवाच वचनं धीमाञ्जाजलिर्जपतांवरः ॥

ityuktaḥ sa tadā tena tulādhāreṇa dhīmatā | provāca vacanaṃ dhīmāñjājalirjapatāṃvaraḥ

Addressed in this way by the wise Tuladhara, the wise Jajali, best of those who mutter prayers, then replied.

Note on the text: The page prints a भीष्म उवाच heading here.

Verse 2 (12.268.2)

विक्रीणतः सर्वरसान्सर्वगन्धांश्च वाणिज । वनस्पतीनोषधीश्च तेषां मूलफलानि च ॥

vikrīṇataḥ sarvarasānsarvagandhāṃśca vāṇija | vanaspatīnoṣadhīśca teṣāṃ mūlaphalāni ca

"You sell all kinds of flavours and all kinds of perfumes, merchant, and plants and herbs, with their roots and fruits.

Note on the text: Speaker: Jajali. The page prints a जाजलिरुवाच heading here; verse 3 continues his question.

Verse 3 (12.268.3)

अग्र्या सा नैष्ठिकी बुद्धिः कुतस्त्वामियमागता । एतदाचक्ष्व मे सर्वं निखिलेन महामते ॥

agryā sā naiṣṭhikī buddhiḥ kutastvāmiyamāgatā | etadācakṣva me sarvaṃ nikhilena mahāmate

Where has that supreme, steadfast wisdom of yours come from? Tell me all of it fully, O great-minded one."

Verse 4 (12.268.4)

एवमुक्तस्तुलाधारो ब्राह्मणेन यशस्विना । उवाच धर्मसूक्ष्माणि वैश्यो धर्मार्थतत्त्ववित् ॥

evamuktastulādhāro brāhmaṇena yaśasvinā | uvāca dharmasūkṣmāṇi vaiśyo dharmārthatattvavit

Spoken to thus by the glorious brahmin, Tuladhara, the vaishya who knew the truth of dharma and of wealth, spoke of the subtle points of dharma.

Note on the text: Line 1 = CE 12.254.4a and line 2 = CE 12.254.4c (the CE adds a third line, 4e, not on the page). Speaker: Bhishma's narration, as headed on the page.

Verse 5 (12.268.5)

वेदाहं जाजले धर्मं सरहस्यं सनातनम् । सर्वभूतहितं मैत्रं पुराणं यं जना विदुः ॥

vedāhaṃ jājale dharmaṃ sarahasyaṃ sanātanam | sarvabhūtahitaṃ maitraṃ purāṇaṃ yaṃ janā viduḥ

"I know dharma, Jajali, with its secrets: the eternal dharma, kind to all beings and friendly, ancient, which people know.

Note on the text: Speaker: from this verse to the end of the adhyaya the words are Tuladhara's. The page prints no new heading, and leaves them under the preceding भीष्म उवाच (verse 4 is the narrator's).

Verse 6 (12.268.6)

अद्रोहेणैव भूतानामल्पद्रोहेण वा पुनः । या वृत्तिः स परो धर्मस्तेन जीवामि जाजले ॥

adroheṇaiva bhūtānāmalpadroheṇa vā punaḥ | yā vṛttiḥ sa paro dharmastena jīvāmi jājale

The livelihood that does no harm to beings, or only a little, is the highest dharma, Jajali, and by it I live.

Verse 7 (12.268.7)

परिच्छिन्नैः काष्ठतृणैर्मयेदं शरणं कृतम् । अलक्तं पद्मकं तुङ्गं गन्धांश्चोच्चावचांस्तथा ॥

paricchinnaiḥ kāṣṭhatṛṇairmayedaṃ śaraṇaṃ kṛtam | alaktaṃ padmakaṃ tuṅgaṃ gandhāṃścoccāvacāṃstathā

I have built this shelter of cut pieces of wood and grass. Red lac, padmaka, tunga, and perfumes of every kind, high and low,

Verse 8 (12.268.8)

रसांश्च तांस्तान्विप्रर्षे मद्यवर्ज्यान्बहूनहम् । क्रीत्वा वै प्रतिविक्रीणे परहस्तादमायया ॥

rasāṃśca tāṃstānviprarṣe madyavarjyānbahūnaham | krītvā vai prativikrīṇe parahastādamāyayā

and many flavours, brahmin sage, all except intoxicating drink: I buy them and sell them again from the hand of another, without deceit.

Verse 9 (12.268.9)

सर्वेषां यः सुहृन्नित्यं सर्वेषां च हिते रतः । कर्मणा मनसा वाचा स धर्मं वेद जाजले ॥

sarveṣāṃ yaḥ suhṛnnityaṃ sarveṣāṃ ca hite rataḥ | karmaṇā manasā vācā sa dharmaṃ veda jājale

He who is always a friend to all and devoted to the good of all, in act, thought and word, knows dharma, Jajali.

Verse 10 (12.268.10)

नानुरुध्ये विरुध्ये वा न द्वेष्मि न च कामये । समोऽहं सर्वभूतेषु पश्य मे जाजले व्रतम् । तुला मे सर्वभूतेषु समा तिष्ठति जाजले ॥

nānurudhye virudhye vā na dveṣmi na ca kāmaye | samo'haṃ sarvabhūteṣu paśya me jājale vratam | tulā me sarvabhūteṣu samā tiṣṭhati jājale

I neither give in to anyone nor oppose anyone; I neither hate nor crave. I am the same toward all beings. See my vow, Jajali: my scale stands even toward all beings.

Note on the text: Three-line verse, as on the page (12-268-10a,b,c): lines 1-2 = CE 12.254.11a, 11c; line 3 = CE 12.254.12c. Wikisource has CE 10 (the next verse) after this one.

Verse 11 (12.268.11)

नाहं परेषां कृत्यानि प्रशंसामि न गर्हये । आकाशस्येव विप्रेन्द्र पश्यँल्लोकस्य चित्रताम् ॥

nāhaṃ pareṣāṃ kṛtyāni praśaṃsāmi na garhaye | ākāśasyeva viprendra paśyam̐llokasya citratām

I do not praise or blame what others do, O best of brahmins, but look on the variety of the world as one looks on the sky.

Note on the text: Matches CE 12.254.10 (the alignment ranks it low because of variants); it follows CE 11 here.

Verse 12 (12.268.12)

कृपा मे सर्वभूतेषु समा तिष्ठति जाजले । इष्टानिष्टनियुक्तस्य प्रियद्वेषौ बहिष्कृतौ ॥

kṛpā me sarvabhūteṣu samā tiṣṭhati jājale | iṣṭāniṣṭaniyuktasya priyadveṣau bahiṣkṛtau

Compassion toward all beings stands in me evenly, Jajali. Though I am set among things wished for and things not wished for, liking and hatred have been cast out of me.

Note on the text: Removed the backticks and the stray doubled daṇḍa and quote mark that Wikisource prints around this verse, and kept the verse-end mark. Wikisource prints this verse inside backticks, as an additional reading. Line 2 corresponds to CE 12.254.12a (iṣṭāniṣṭavimuktasya prītirāgabahiṣkṛtaḥ) and line 1 is a variant of 12.254.12c; the verse is vulgate-only in this form. The alignment found no match.

Verse 13 (12.268.13)

इति मां त्वं विजानीहि सर्वलोकस्य जाजले । समं मतिमतां श्रेष्ठ समलोष्टाश्मकाञ्चनम् ॥

iti māṃ tvaṃ vijānīhi sarvalokasya jājale | samaṃ matimatāṃ śreṣṭha samaloṣṭāśmakāñcanam

Know me so, Jajali, as the same to the whole world, O best of the wise, to whom clod, stone and gold are alike.

Verse 14 (12.268.14)

यथाऽन्धबधिरोन्मत्ता उच्छ्वासपरमाः सदा । देवैरपिहितद्वाराः सोपमा पश्यतो मम ॥

yathā'ndhabadhironmattā ucchvāsaparamāḥ sadā | devairapihitadvārāḥ sopamā paśyato mama

Like the blind, the deaf and the mad, who care for nothing beyond drawing breath and whose doors the gods have shut, so is the likeness for me as I look on.

Note on the text: Corrected बधिरोत्मत्ता → बधिरोन्मत्ता (misprint in Wikisource; न dropped; CE andhabadhironmattā).

Verse 15 (12.268.15)

यथा वृद्धातुरकृशा निस्पृहा विषयान्प्रति । तथाऽर्थकामभोगेषु ममापि विगता स्पृहा ॥

yathā vṛddhāturakṛśā nispṛhā viṣayānprati | tathā'rthakāmabhogeṣu mamāpi vigatā spṛhā

As the old, the sick and the wasted lose longing for the objects of the senses, so my longing for wealth, desire and pleasure has also gone.

Verse 16 (12.268.16)

यदा चायं न बिभेति यदा चास्मान्न बिभ्यति । यदा नेच्छति न द्वेष्टि तदा सिद्ध्यति वै द्विज ॥

yadā cāyaṃ na bibheti yadā cāsmānna bibhyati | yadā necchati na dveṣṭi tadā siddhyati vai dvija

When one fears no one and no one fears him, when he neither wants nor hates, then, brahmin, he attains perfection.

Verse 17 (12.268.17)

यदा न कुरुते भावं सर्वभूतेषु पापकम् । कर्मणा मनसा वाचा ब्रह्म संपद्यते तदा ॥

yadā na kurute bhāvaṃ sarvabhūteṣu pāpakam | karmaṇā manasā vācā brahma saṃpadyate tadā

When one bears no evil feeling toward any being, in act, thought or word, then he becomes Brahman.

Verse 18 (12.268.18)

न भूतो न भविष्योऽस्ति न च धर्मोऽस्ति कश्चन । योऽभयः सर्वभूतानां स प्राप्नोत्यभयं पदम् ॥

na bhūto na bhaviṣyo'sti na ca dharmo'sti kaścana | yo'bhayaḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ sa prāpnotyabhayaṃ padam

There is no one, past or future, and no dharma like this: he who is a source of fear to no beings reaches the fearless state.

Note on the text: Corrected धर्मोस्ति → धर्मोऽस्ति (misprint in Wikisource; avagraha dropped; CE dharmo 'sti).

Verse 19 (12.268.19)

यस्मादुद्विजते लोकः सर्वो मृत्युमुखादिव । वाक्क्रूराद्दण्डपरुषात्स प्राप्नोति महद्भयम् ॥

yasmādudvijate lokaḥ sarvo mṛtyumukhādiva | vākkrūrāddaṇḍaparuṣātsa prāpnoti mahadbhayam

The man from whom the whole world shrinks as from the mouth of death, because of his cruel speech and harsh punishments, incurs great fear.

Note on the text: Removed a stray zero-width non-joiner inside वाक्क्रूराद्.

Verse 20 (12.268.20)

यथावद्वर्तमानानां वृद्धानां पुत्रपौत्रिणाम् । अनुवर्तामहे वृत्तमहिंस्त्राणां महात्मनाम् ॥

yathāvadvartamānānāṃ vṛddhānāṃ putrapautriṇām | anuvartāmahe vṛttamahiṃstrāṇāṃ mahātmanām

We follow the conduct of the great-souled elders who live rightly, who have sons and grandsons, and who do no harm.

Verse 21 (12.268.21)

प्रनष्टः शाश्वतो धर्मः सदाचारेण मोहितः । तेन वैद्यस्तपस्वी वा बलवान्वा विमुह्यते ॥

pranaṣṭaḥ śāśvato dharmaḥ sadācāreṇa mohitaḥ | tena vaidyastapasvī vā balavānvā vimuhyate

The eternal dharma has been lost, obscured by customary conduct; because of that, even the learned man, the ascetic and the strong man are led astray.

Verse 22 (12.268.22)

आचाराज्जाजले प्राज्ञः क्षिप्रं धर्ममवाप्नुयात् । एवं यः साधुभिर्दान्तश्चरेदद्रोहचेतसा ॥

ācārājjājale prājñaḥ kṣipraṃ dharmamavāpnuyāt | evaṃ yaḥ sādhubhirdāntaścaredadrohacetasā

A wise man, Jajali, quickly attains dharma through conduct, if he lives so, self-controlled, among the good, with a mind free of malice.

Verse 23 (12.268.23)

नद्यां चेह यथा काष्ठमुह्यमानं यदृच्छया । यदृच्छयैव काष्ठेन सन्धि गच्छेत केनचित् ॥

nadyāṃ ceha yathā kāṣṭhamuhyamānaṃ yadṛcchayā | yadṛcchayaiva kāṣṭhena sandhi gaccheta kenacit

Just as in a river a log carried along by chance may by chance join with another log,

Verse 24 (12.268.24)

तत्रापराणि दारूणि संसृज्यन्ते ततस्ततः । तृणकाष्ठकरीषाणि कदाचिन्न समीक्षया ॥

tatrāparāṇi dārūṇi saṃsṛjyante tatastataḥ | tṛṇakāṣṭhakarīṣāṇi kadācinna samīkṣayā

and other pieces of wood are joined to it from here and there, grass and sticks and dung, sometimes without any design;

Note on the text: Corrected करीपाणि → करीषाणि (misprint in Wikisource; ष misprinted as प; CE karīṣāṇi). The alignment found no match; matches CE 12.254.24 (tatrāparāṇi dārūṇi saṃsṛjyante tatas tataḥ / tṛṇakāṣṭhakarīṣāṇi kadā cinn asamīkṣayā).

Verse 25 (12.268.25)

यस्मान्नोद्विजते भूतं जातु किंचित्कथंचन । अभयं सर्वभूतेभ्यः स प्राप्नोति सदा मुने ॥

yasmānnodvijate bhūtaṃ jātu kiṃcitkathaṃcana | abhayaṃ sarvabhūtebhyaḥ sa prāpnoti sadā mune

he from whom no creature ever shrinks, in any way at all, O sage, gains freedom from fear from all beings.

Verse 26 (12.268.26)

यस्मादुद्विजते विद्वन्सर्वलोको वृकादिव । क्रोशतस्तीरमासाद्य यथा सर्वे जलेचराः ॥

yasmādudvijate vidvansarvaloko vṛkādiva | krośatastīramāsādya yathā sarve jalecarāḥ

He from whom the whole world shrinks, learned one, as from a wolf, as all water-creatures flee when someone comes to the bank shouting,

Verse 27 (12.268.27)

एवमेवायमाचारः प्रादुर्भूतो यतस्ततः । सहायवान्द्रव्यवान्यः सुभगोऽथ परस्तथा ॥

evamevāyamācāraḥ prādurbhūto yatastataḥ | sahāyavāndravyavānyaḥ subhago'tha parastathā

so this conduct has arisen, from one source and another: from the man with companions, the man with wealth, the fortunate man, and others like them.

Note on the text: The alignment found no match. Line 1 = CE 12.254.24e (evam evāyam ācāraḥ prādurbhūto yatas tataḥ); line 2 = CE 12.254.27a (sahāyavān dravyavān yaḥ subhago 'nyo 'paras tathā). The CE places 25-26 between them.

Verse 28 (12.268.28)

ततस्तानेव कवयः शास्त्रेषु प्रवदन्त्युत । कीर्त्यर्थमल्पहृल्लेखाः पटवः कृत्स्ननिर्णयाः ॥

tatastāneva kavayaḥ śāstreṣu pravadantyuta | kīrtyarthamalpahṛllekhāḥ paṭavaḥ kṛtsnanirṇayāḥ

It is just these that the learned poets praise in the treatises, for the sake of renown: clever men, of slight depth of feeling, who give final judgment on everything.

Note on the text: The alignment found no match. Line 1 = CE 12.254.27c (tatas tān eva kavayaḥ śāstreṣu pravadanty uta); line 2 = CE 12.254.27e (kīrtyartham alpahṛllekhāḥ paṭavaḥ kṛtsnanirṇayāḥ).

Verse 29 (12.268.29)

तपोभिर्यज्ञदानैश्च वाक्यैः प्रज्ञाश्रितैस्तथा । प्राप्नोत्यभयदानस्य यद्यत्फलमिहाश्नुते ॥

tapobhiryajñadānaiśca vākyaiḥ prajñāśritaistathā | prāpnotyabhayadānasya yadyatphalamihāśnute

One obtains through the gift of fearlessness whatever fruit is enjoyed here from austerities, sacrifices, gifts and words grounded in wisdom.

Verse 30 (12.268.30)

लोके यः सर्वभूतेभ्यो ददात्यभयदक्षिणाम् । स सत्ययज्ञैरीजानः प्राप्नोत्यभयदक्षिणाम् ॥

loke yaḥ sarvabhūtebhyo dadātyabhayadakṣiṇām | sa satyayajñairījānaḥ prāpnotyabhayadakṣiṇām

Whoever in this world gives all beings the sacrificial fee of fearlessness, having performed true sacrifices, obtains the fee of fearlessness himself.

Note on the text: The alignment found no match. Lines = CE 12.254.29a, 29c (Wikisource सत्ययज्ञैः against CE sarvayajñaiḥ is kept as a variant).

Verse 31 (12.268.31)

न भूतानामहिंसाया ज्यायान्धर्मोऽस्ति कश्चन । यस्मान्नोद्विजते भूतं जातु किंचित्कथंचन । सोऽभयं सर्वभूतेभ्यः संप्राप्नोति महामुने ॥

na bhūtānāmahiṃsāyā jyāyāndharmo'sti kaścana | yasmānnodvijate bhūtaṃ jātu kiṃcitkathaṃcana | so'bhayaṃ sarvabhūtebhyaḥ saṃprāpnoti mahāmune

No dharma is greater than harmlessness to beings. He from whom no creature ever shrinks, in any way at all, gains freedom from fear from all beings, O great sage.

Note on the text: Three-line verse, as on the page (12-268-31a,b,c). The alignment found no match. Line 1 = CE 12.254.29e (na bhūtānām ahiṃsāyā jyāyān dharmo 'sti kaś cana); lines 2-3 = CE 12.254.30a, 30c.

Verse 32 (12.268.32)

यस्मादुद्विजते लोकः सर्पाद्वेश्मगतादिव । न स धर्ममवाप्नोति इह लोके परत्र च ॥

yasmādudvijate lokaḥ sarpādveśmagatādiva | na sa dharmamavāpnoti iha loke paratra ca

He from whom the world shrinks as from a snake in one's house wins no dharma, in this world or the next.

Verse 33 (12.268.33)

सर्वभूतात्मभूतस्य सर्वभूतानि पश्यतः । देवाऽपि मार्गे मुह्यन्ति ह्यपदस्य पदैषिणः ॥

sarvabhūtātmabhūtasya sarvabhūtāni paśyataḥ | devā'pi mārge muhyanti hyapadasya padaiṣiṇaḥ

For one who has become the Self of all beings and sees all beings in himself, even the gods are bewildered on the path, seeking the footprint of him who has no foot.

Note on the text: Corrected पदैपिणः → पदैषिणः (misprint in Wikisource; ष misprinted as प; CE padaiṣiṇaḥ). The alignment pointed to 12.261.21 (a repeated verse); the verse belongs here as CE 12.254.32 (sarvabhūtātmabhūtasya samyag bhūtāni paśyataḥ / devāpi mārge muhyanti apadasya padaiṣiṇaḥ). Wikisource सर्वभूतानि पश्यतः against CE samyag bhūtāni paśyataḥ (the page's gloss records it as a variant) is kept.

Verse 34 (12.268.34)

दानं भूताभयस्याहुः सर्वदानेभ्य उत्तमम् । ब्रवीमि ते सत्यमिदं श्रद्धत्स्व मम जाजले ॥

dānaṃ bhūtābhayasyāhuḥ sarvadānebhya uttamam | bravīmi te satyamidaṃ śraddhatsva mama jājale

They say the gift of safety to creatures is the best of all gifts. I tell you this truth; believe me, Jajali.

Verse 35 (12.268.35)

स एव सुभगो भूत्वा पुनर्भवति दुर्भगः । व्यापत्तिं कर्मणां दृष्ट्वा जुगुप्सन्ति जनाः सदा ॥

sa eva subhago bhūtvā punarbhavati durbhagaḥ | vyāpattiṃ karmaṇāṃ dṛṣṭvā jugupsanti janāḥ sadā

The very man who was fortunate becomes unfortunate again; seeing how deeds come to ruin, people always grow disgusted.

Verse 36 (12.268.36)

अकारणो हि नैवास्ति धर्मः सूक्ष्मो हि जाजले । भूतभव्यार्थमेवेह धर्मप्रवचनं कृतम् ॥

akāraṇo hi naivāsti dharmaḥ sūkṣmo hi jājale | bhūtabhavyārthameveha dharmapravacanaṃ kṛtam

Dharma, even though subtle, is never without a purpose, Jajali; the teaching of dharma was made here for the good of beings, present and to come.

Verse 37 (12.268.37)

सूक्ष्मत्वान्न स विज्ञातुं शक्यते बहुनिह्नवः । उपलभ्यान्तरा चान्यानाचारानवबुध्यते ॥

sūkṣmatvānna sa vijñātuṃ śakyate bahunihnavaḥ | upalabhyāntarā cānyānācārānavabudhyate

Because it is subtle, it cannot be fully known; it has many hidden turns. It is understood by observing, along the way, other ways of conduct as well.

Verse 38 (12.268.38)

ये च च्छिन्दन्ति वृषणान्ये च भिन्दन्ति नस्तकान् । वहन्ति महतो भारान्बध्नन्ति दमयन्ति च । हत्वा सत्वानि खादन्ति तान्कथं न विगर्हसे ॥

ye ca cchindanti vṛṣaṇānye ca bhindanti nastakān | vahanti mahato bhārānbadhnanti damayanti ca | hatvā satvāni khādanti tānkathaṃ na vigarhase

Those who cut off the testicles of animals, who pierce their noses, who make them bear great burdens, bind them and break them in, who kill creatures and eat them: why do you not condemn them?

Note on the text: Three-line verse, as on the page (12-268-38a,b,c). The alignment found no match. Lines 1-2 = CE 12.254.37a, 37c; line 3 = CE 12.254.38a (hatvā sattvāni khādanti tān kathaṃ na vigarhase).

Verse 39 (12.268.39)

मानुषा मानुषानेव दासभोगेन भुञ्जते । वधबन्धनिरोधेन कारयन्ति दिवानिशम् ॥

mānuṣā mānuṣāneva dāsabhogena bhuñjate | vadhabandhanirodhena kārayanti divāniśam

Human beings enjoy other human beings as slaves, and have them work day and night through beating, binding and confinement.

Note on the text: Corrected मानुपानेव → मानुषानेव (misprint in Wikisource; ष misprinted as प; CE mānuṣān). The alignment found no match. Line 1 = CE 12.254.38c; line 2 = CE 12.254.39a (vadhabandhavirodhena kārayanti divāniśam).

Verse 40 (12.268.40)

आत्मनश्चापि जानाति यद्दुःखं वधबन्धने । पञ्चेन्द्रियेषु भूतेषु सर्वं वसति दैवतम् ॥

ātmanaścāpi jānāti yadduḥkhaṃ vadhabandhane | pañcendriyeṣu bhūteṣu sarvaṃ vasati daivatam

You yourself know what pain there is in being beaten and bound. In the creatures with five senses there dwells every deity:

Note on the text: The alignment found no match. Line 1 = CE 12.254.39c; line 2 = CE 12.254.40a.

Verse 41 (12.268.41)

आदित्यश्चन्द्रमा वायुर्ब्रह्मा प्राणः क्रतुर्यमः । तानि जीवानि विक्रीय का मृतेषु विचारणा ॥

ādityaścandramā vāyurbrahmā prāṇaḥ kraturyamaḥ | tāni jīvāni vikrīya kā mṛteṣu vicāraṇā

the Sun, the Moon, the Wind, Brahma, the life-breath, the sacrifice and Yama. When living beings such as these are sold, what scruple is there about the dead?

Note on the text: The alignment found no match. Line 1 = CE 12.254.40c; line 2 = CE 12.254.41a.

Verse 42 (12.268.42)

अजोऽग्निर्वरुणो मेषः सूर्योऽश्वः पृथिवी विराट् । धेनुर्वत्सश्च सोमो वै विक्रीयैतन्न सिध्यति ॥

ajo'gnirvaruṇo meṣaḥ sūryo'śvaḥ pṛthivī virāṭ | dhenurvatsaśca somo vai vikrīyaitanna sidhyati

Agni is the goat, Varuna the ram, the Sun the horse, the Earth is Virat, and the cow and the calf are Soma. By selling these, one does not succeed.

Note on the text: Corrected मेपः → मेषः (misprint in Wikisource; ष misprinted as प; CE meṣaḥ). The alignment found no match. This verse is the CE star passage 12.254.41b*0704_01-02 (ajo 'gnir varuṇo meṣaḥ sūryo 'śvaḥ pṛthivī virāṭ / dhenur vatsaś ca somo vai vikrīyaitan na sidhyati), printed in the apparatus after 41a.

Verse 43 (12.268.43)

का तैले का धृते ब्रह्मन्मधुन्यप्स्वोषधीषु वा ॥

kā taile kā dhṛte brahmanmadhunyapsvoṣadhīṣu vā

What fault is there in oil, in ghee, in honey, in water or in herbs, brahmin?

Note on the text: One-line verse, as on the page (12-268-43a): it is CE 12.254.41c, which the CE prints after its star passage; nothing is lost. The alignment found no match.

Verse 44 (12.268.44)

अदंशमशके देशे सुखसंवर्धितान्पशून् । तांश्च मातुः प्रियाञ्जानन्नाक्रम्य बहुधा नराः ॥

adaṃśamaśake deśe sukhasaṃvardhitānpaśūn | tāṃśca mātuḥ priyāñjānannākramya bahudhā narāḥ

Animals raised in comfort in a land free of gadflies and mosquitoes, though men know how dear they are to their mothers, are seized in many ways

Note on the text: The alignment found no match; lines = CE 12.254.42a, 42c.

Verse 45 (12.268.45)

बहुदंशाकुलान्देशान्नयन्ति बहुकर्दमान् । वाहसंपीडिता धुर्याः सीदन्त्यविधिना परे ॥

bahudaṃśākulāndeśānnayanti bahukardamān | vāhasaṃpīḍitā dhuryāḥ sīdantyavidhinā pare

and taken to regions teeming with gadflies and deep in mud. Draught animals, crushed by their loads, collapse under improper handling.

Note on the text: The alignment found no match. Line 1 = CE 12.254.42e (bahudaṃśakuśān deśān nayanti bahukardamān; Wikisource बहुदंशाकुलान् for CE kuśān); line 2 = CE 12.254.43a (vāhasaṃpīḍitā dhuryāḥ sīdanty avidhināpare).

Verse 46 (12.268.46)

न मन्ये भ्रूणहत्याऽपि विशिष्टा तेन कर्मणा । कृषिं साध्विति मन्यन्ते सा च वृत्तिः सुदारुणा ॥

na manye bhrūṇahatyā'pi viśiṣṭā tena karmaṇā | kṛṣiṃ sādhviti manyante sā ca vṛttiḥ sudāruṇā

I do not think even the killing of an embryo is worse than that deed. People call farming good, yet that livelihood is very cruel.

Note on the text: Corrected कृपिं → कृषिं (misprint in Wikisource; ष misprinted as प; CE kṛṣiṃ). The alignment found no match. Line 1 = CE 12.254.43c; line 2 = CE 12.254.44a.

Verse 47 (12.268.47)

भूमिं भूमिशयांश्चैव हन्ति काष्ठैरयोमुखैः । तथैवानडुहो युक्तान्क्षुत्तृष्णाश्रमकर्शितान् ॥

bhūmiṃ bhūmiśayāṃścaiva hanti kāṣṭhairayomukhaiḥ | tathaivānaḍuho yuktānkṣuttṛṣṇāśramakarśitān

The iron-tipped ploughs kill the earth and the creatures that live in the earth, and likewise the yoked oxen, wasted by hunger, thirst and toil.

Note on the text: The alignment found no match. Line 1 = CE 12.254.44c (hanti kāṣṭham ayomukham; Wikisource काष्ठैरयोमुखैः); line 2 is close to CE 12.254.44e (tathaivānaḍuho yuktān samavekṣasva jājale).

Verse 48 (12.268.48)

अध्न्या इति गवां नाम क एता हन्तुमर्हति । महच्चकाराकुशलं वृथा यो गां निहन्ति ह ॥

adhnyā iti gavāṃ nāma ka etā hantumarhati | mahaccakārākuśalaṃ vṛthā yo gāṃ nihanti ha

"Aghnya", "not to be killed", is the name of cows. Who should kill them? Whoever kills a cow without cause does a great wrong.

Verse 49 (12.268.49)

ऋषयो यतयो ह्येतन्नहुषे प्रत्यवेदयन् । गां मातरं चाप्यवधीर्वृषभं च प्रजापतिम् । अकार्यं नहुषाकार्षीर्लप्स्यामस्त्वत्कृते व्यथाम् ॥

ṛṣayo yatayo hyetannahuṣe pratyavedayan | gāṃ mātaraṃ cāpyavadhīrvṛṣabhaṃ ca prajāpatim | akāryaṃ nahuṣākārṣīrlapsyāmastvatkṛte vyathām

The sages and ascetics reported this to Nahusha: "You have killed the cow, our mother, and the bull, Prajapati. You have done what must not be done, Nahusha; because of you we shall suffer distress."

Note on the text: Corrected ऋपयो → ऋषयो (misprint in Wikisource; ष misprinted as प; CE ṛṣayo). Corrected नहुपे → नहुषे (misprint in Wikisource; ष misprinted as प; CE nahuṣe). Corrected वृपभं → वृषभं (misprint in Wikisource; ष misprinted as प; CE vṛṣabhaṃ). Corrected नहुपाकापींर् → नहुषाकार्षीर् (misprint in Wikisource; ष misprinted as प and the visarga-र् order garbled; CE nahuṣākārṣīr). Three-line verse, as on the page (12-268-49a,b,c): CE 12.254.46a, 46c, 46e (CE lapsyāmas tvatkṛte bhayam; Wikisource व्यथाम् is kept as a variant).

Verse 50 (12.268.50)

शतं चैकं च रोगाणां सर्वभूतेष्वपातयन् । ऋषयस्ते महाभागाः प्रशस्तास्ते च जाजले ॥

śataṃ caikaṃ ca rogāṇāṃ sarvabhūteṣvapātayan | ṛṣayaste mahābhāgāḥ praśastāste ca jājale

Those greatly blessed sages, who are held in high praise, Jajali, made a hundred and one diseases fall on all creatures.

Note on the text: Corrected ऋपयस्ते → ऋषयस्ते (misprint in Wikisource; ष misprinted as प; CE ṛṣayas te). The alignment found no match. Lines = CE 12.254.47a, 47c (Wikisource प्रशस्तास्ते च जाजले against CE prajāsv eva hi jājale is kept as a variant).

Verse 51 (12.268.51)

भ्रूणहं नहुषं त्वाहुर्न तं भोक्ष्यामहे वयम् । इत्युक्त्वा ते महात्मानः सर्वे तत्त्वार्थदर्शिनः । ऋषयो यतयः शान्तास्तपसा प्रत्यवेदयन् ॥

bhrūṇahaṃ nahuṣaṃ tvāhurna taṃ bhokṣyāmahe vayam | ityuktvā te mahātmānaḥ sarve tattvārthadarśinaḥ | ṛṣayo yatayaḥ śāntāstapasā pratyavedayan

"They call Nahusha the killer of an embryo; we shall not take food from him." Having said this, all those great-souled sages, who saw the truth of things, the tranquil ascetics, declared it again by their austerity.

Note on the text: Corrected भ्रृणहं → भ्रूणहं (misprint in Wikisource; vowel sign garbled; CE bhrūṇahaṃ). Corrected प्रत्येषधयन् → प्रत्यवेदयन् (misprint in Wikisource; garbled; CE pratyavedayan, and the page's own gloss (12-268-51) explains प्रत्यवेदयन्). Three-line verse, as on the page (12-268-51a,b,c). The alignment found no match. Line 1 corresponds to CE 12.254.47e (bhrūṇahaṃ nahuṣaṃ tv āhur na te hoṣyāmahe haviḥ; Wikisource भोक्ष्यामहे is kept as a variant); lines 2-3 = CE 12.254.48a, 48c.

Verse 52 (12.268.52)

ईदृशानशिवान्घोरानाचारानिह जाजले । केवलाचरितत्वात्तु निपुणो नावबुध्यसे ॥

īdṛśānaśivānghorānācārāniha jājale | kevalācaritatvāttu nipuṇo nāvabudhyase

You, though skilled, do not see through such terrible and inauspicious practices as are found here, Jajali, because they are merely what is done.

Verse 53 (12.268.53)

कारणाद्धर्ममन्विच्छन्न लोकं विरसं चरेत् ॥

kāraṇāddharmamanvicchanna lokaṃ virasaṃ caret

Seeking dharma through its reasons, one should not live in the world in a dry, joyless way.

Note on the text: The alignment found no match; matches CE 12.254.50a (kāraṇād dharmam anvicchen na lokacaritaṃ caret), with Wikisource न लोकं विरसं चरेत् kept as a variant.

Verse 54 (12.268.54)

यो हन्याद्यश्च मां स्तौति तत्रापि शृणु जाजले । समौ तावपि मे स्थातां न हि मे स्तः प्रियाप्रिये । एतदीदृशकं धर्मं प्रशंसन्ति मनीषिणः ॥

yo hanyādyaśca māṃ stauti tatrāpi śṛṇu jājale | samau tāvapi me sthātāṃ na hi me staḥ priyāpriye | etadīdṛśakaṃ dharmaṃ praśaṃsanti manīṣiṇaḥ

Whether one strikes me or praises me, listen about that too, Jajali: the two would be alike to me, for I have no dear or undear. The wise commend a dharma of this kind.

Note on the text: Three-line verse, as on the page (12-268-54a,b,c). The alignment found no match. Line 1 = CE 12.254.50c; lines 2-3 = CE 12.254.51a, 51c.

Verse 55 (12.268.55)

उपपत्त्या हि संपन्नो यतिभिश्चैव सेव्यते । सततं धर्मशीलैश्च निपुणेनोपलक्षितः ॥

upapattyā hi saṃpanno yatibhiścaiva sevyate | satataṃ dharmaśīlaiśca nipuṇenopalakṣitaḥ

It rests on sound reasoning, it is followed by ascetics, and it is discerned by the skilled who are always devoted to dharma."