The Destinations of the Three Qualities; Janaka Asks about Liberation

Verse 1 (12.319.1)

एते प्रधानस्य गुणास्त्रयः पुरुषसत्तम । कृत्स्नस्य चैव जगतस्तिष्ठन्त्यनपगाः सदा ॥

ete pradhānasya guṇāstrayaḥ puruṣasattama | kṛtsnasya caiva jagatastiṣṭhantyanapagāḥ sadā

These three qualities of the Pradhana, O best of men, abide ever inseparable in the whole world.

Note on the text: Adhyaya note: the page is the right adhyaya (table rows 1-18; the colophon reads एकोनविंशत्यधिकत्रिशततमोऽध्यायः । 319). Its text is the critical edition's 12.302.1-18 (the CE numbers this adhyaya 302), but the alignment found only 5 matches (the 'low CE match') because the table is badly misprinted in many places and because Wikisource divides the CE's couplets differently from verse 2 on (each note maps the CE lines). The page prints the adhyaya twice: first as a <poem> block (18 verses, labelled ॥१ … ॥१८, with a clean text that agrees closely with the CE) and then as the table; following the standing rule the table is the base text, and the poem block was used only as a witness when correcting the table's misprints. The heading lines (याज्ञवल्क्येन जनकंप्रति सात्विकादिसारतम्य… / जनकेन याज्ञवल्क्यंप्रति तत्वकथनप्रार्थना च) and the five variant-reading notes printed after the colophon (12-319-12, -13, -16, -17, -18) are not added. The CE star passages 12.302.1d*0769_01 (printed in the table as the first line of verse 2), 6d*0770_01 and 16b*0771_01 (printed in the table as the second line of verse 16) are noted at the verses concerned; 6d*0770_01 is not in Wikisource. No Appendix I passage occurs here and the page is not a stray copy of another adhyaya.

Verse 2 (12.319.2)

अव्यक्तरूपो भगवाञ्शतधा च सहस्रधा । शतधा सहस्रधा चैव तथा शतसहस्रधा ॥

avyaktarūpo bhagavāñśatadhā ca sahasradhā | śatadhā sahasradhā caiva tathā śatasahasradhā

The Blessed One, whose form is Unmanifest, in a hundred ways and in a thousand ways; in a hundred, a thousand, and a hundred thousand ways—

Note on the text: CE lines: the first line is the CE star passage 12.302.1d*0769_01 (avyaktarūpo bhagavāñ śatadhā ca sahasraśaḥ), printed in the apparatus after 12.302.1; the second line is CE 12.302.2a. ce_ref names the CE verse holding the second line.

Verse 3 (12.319.3)

कोटिशश्च करोत्येव प्रकृत्याऽऽत्मानमात्मना । सात्विकस्योत्तमं स्थानं राजसस्येह मध्यमम् ॥

koṭiśaśca karotyeva prakṛtyā''tmānamātmanā | sātvikasyottamaṃ sthānaṃ rājasasyeha madhyamam

in crores of ways he makes himself, by himself, by means of Prakriti. The highest station belongs to the sattvic, the middle one here to the rajasic,

Note on the text: Corrected सात्विकरणोत्तमं → सात्विकस्योत्तमं (misprint in Wikisource; the genitive ending is garbled; CE reads sāttvikasyottamaṃ and the page's own poem block has सात्त्विकस्योत्तमम्). CE lines: this verse is CE 12.302.2c + 3a. Wikisource reads करोत्येव प्रकृत्याऽऽत्मानमात्मना where the CE has करोत्येष प्रत्यगात्मानमात्मना (recension variant, kept).

Verse 4 (12.319.4)

तामसस्याधमं स्थानं प्राहुरध्यात्मचिन्तकाः । केवलेनेह पुण्येन गतिमूर्ध्वामवाप्नुयात् ॥

tāmasasyādhamaṃ sthānaṃ prāhuradhyātmacintakāḥ | kevaleneha puṇyena gatimūrdhvāmavāpnuyāt

and the lowest station belongs to the tamasic, say those who reflect on the Self. By pure merit alone one reaches the upward path;

Note on the text: Corrected तामसस्वाधमं → तामसस्याधमं (misprint in Wikisource; स्व is mistyped for स्य; CE reads tāmasasyādhamaṃ). Corrected भतिभूर्ध्वामवाप्नुयात् → गतिमूर्ध्वामवाप्नुयात् (misprint in Wikisource; गति is garbled as भति and the sandhi is broken; CE reads gatim ūrdhvām avāpnuyāt). CE lines: this verse is CE 12.302.3c + 4a.

Verse 5 (12.319.5)

पुण्यपापेन मानुष्यमधर्मेणाप्यधोगतिम् । द्वन्द्वमेषां त्रयाणां तु सन्निपातं च तत्वतः ॥

puṇyapāpena mānuṣyamadharmeṇāpyadhogatim | dvandvameṣāṃ trayāṇāṃ tu sannipātaṃ ca tatvataḥ

by merit mixed with sin, the human state; by unrighteousness, a downward course. And the pairings of these three and their conjunction, in truth—

Note on the text: Corrected यघोगतिम् → यधोगतिम् (misprint in Wikisource; ध is mistyped as घ; CE reads adhogatim). Corrected द्वन्द्वनेषां → द्वन्द्वमेषां (misprint in Wikisource; म is mistyped as न; CE reads dvaṃdvam eṣāṃ). CE lines: this verse is CE 12.302.4c + 5a.

Verse 6 (12.319.6)

सत्वस्य रजसश्चैव तमसश्च शृणुष्व मे । सत्वस्य तु रजो दृष्टं रजसश्च तमस्तथा ॥

satvasya rajasaścaiva tamasaśca śṛṇuṣva me | satvasya tu rajo dṛṣṭaṃ rajasaśca tamastathā

of sattva, rajas and tamas—hear from me. Rajas is seen to follow sattva, and tamas follows rajas;

Note on the text: CE lines: this verse is CE 12.302.5c + 6a.

Verse 7 (12.319.7)

तमसश्च तथा सत्वं सत्वस्याव्यक्तमेव च । अव्यक्तः सत्वसंयुक्तो देवलोकमवाप्नुयात् ॥

tamasaśca tathā satvaṃ satvasyāvyaktameva ca | avyaktaḥ satvasaṃyukto devalokamavāpnuyāt

and likewise sattva follows tamas, and the Unmanifest follows sattva. One who, as the Unmanifest, is joined with sattva reaches the world of the gods;

Note on the text: Corrected अध्यक्तः → अव्यक्तः (misprint in Wikisource; व is mistyped as ध; CE reads avyakta-, and the poem block has अव्यक्तः). Corrected देवलोकमयाप्नुयात् → देवलोकमवाप्नुयात् (misprint in Wikisource; व is mistyped as य; CE reads devalokam avāpnuyāt). CE lines: this verse is CE 12.302.6c + 7a. The CE star passage 12.302.6d*0770_01 (sattvaṃ prapadyate sattvād avyaktād vyaktam eva ca) stands between them and is not in Wikisource.

Verse 8 (12.319.8)

रजःसत्वसमायुक्तो मानुषेषु प्रपद्यते । रजस्तमोभ्यां संयुक्तस्तिर्यग्योनिषु जायते ॥

rajaḥsatvasamāyukto mānuṣeṣu prapadyate | rajastamobhyāṃ saṃyuktastiryagyoniṣu jāyate

joined with rajas and sattva he goes among humans; joined with rajas and tamas he is born in animal wombs;

Note on the text: Corrected रवासत्वसमायुक्तो → रजःसत्वसमायुक्तो (misprint in Wikisource; the first word is garbled; CE reads rajaḥsattvasamāyukto). Corrected रसस्तमोभ्यां → रजस्तमोभ्यां (misprint in Wikisource; ज is mistyped as स; CE reads rajastamobhyāṃ). CE lines: this verse is CE 12.302.7c + 8a. Wikisource reads मानुषेषु प्रपद्यते where the CE has मनुष्येषूपपद्यते (recension variant, kept).

Verse 9 (12.319.9)

राजसैस्तामसैः सत्वैर्युक्तो मानुषमाप्नुयात् । पुण्यपापवियुक्तानां स्थानमाहुर्महात्मनाम् ॥

rājasaistāmasaiḥ satvairyukto mānuṣamāpnuyāt | puṇyapāpaviyuktānāṃ sthānamāhurmahātmanām

joined with the rajasic, the tamasic and the sattvic together he attains the human state. For the great-souled who are free of merit and sin they declare a station—

Note on the text: CE lines: this verse is CE 12.302.8c + 9a. Wikisource reads महात्मनाम् where the CE has मनीषिणाम् (recension variant, kept).

Verse 10 (12.319.10)

शाश्वतं चाव्ययं चैवमक्षयं चामृतं च तत् । ज्ञानिनां संभवं श्रेष्ठं स्थानमव्रणमच्युतम् । अतीन्द्रियमबीजं च जन्ममृत्युतमोनुदम् ॥

śāśvataṃ cāvyayaṃ caivamakṣayaṃ cāmṛtaṃ ca tat | jñānināṃ saṃbhavaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ sthānamavraṇamacyutam | atīndriyamabījaṃ ca janmamṛtyutamonudam

eternal, unchanging, undecaying and immortal, the highest, the source from which the knowers arise, a station without blemish and without fall, beyond the senses, seedless, which dispels the darkness of birth and death.

Note on the text: Wikisource (page row 10) prints three lines here, labelled 12-319-10a, b, c. They are CE 12.302.9c + 10a + 10c. Wikisource reads शाश्वतं चाव्ययं चैवमक्षयं चामृतं च तत् where the CE has शाश्वतं चाव्ययं चैव अक्षरं चाभयं च यत् (recension variant, kept).

Verse 11 (12.319.11)

अव्यक्तस्थं परं यत्तत्पृष्टस्तेऽहं नराधिप । स एव प्रकृतिस्थो हि तत्स्थ इत्यभिधीयते ॥

avyaktasthaṃ paraṃ yattatpṛṣṭaste'haṃ narādhipa | sa eva prakṛtistho hi tatstha ityabhidhīyate

That supreme reality which abides in the Unmanifest—of that you have asked me, O ruler of men. He himself, abiding in Prakriti, is called "the one who stands there" (tatstha).

Note on the text: CE lines: this verse is CE 12.302.11a + 11c. Wikisource reads तत्स्थ इत्यभिधीयते where the CE has तस्थुरित्यभिधीयते (recension variant, kept).

Verse 12 (12.319.12)

अचेतना चैव मता प्रकृतिश्चापि पार्थिव । एतेनाधिष्ठिता चैव सृजते संहरत्यपि ॥

acetanā caiva matā prakṛtiścāpi pārthiva | etenādhiṣṭhitā caiva sṛjate saṃharatyapi

Prakriti too is held to be insentient, O king, and, presided over by him, she creates and also dissolves.

Note on the text: CE lines: this verse is CE 12.302.12a + 12c. Wikisource reads the feminine अचेतना … मता प्रकृतिः … अधिष्ठिता where the CE has the masculine अचेतनश्चैष मतः प्रकृतिस्थः … अधिष्ठितः (recension variant, kept; the poem block carries the CE form).

Verse 13 (12.319.13)

अनादिनिधनावेतावुभावेव महामते । अमूर्तिमन्तावचलावप्रकम्प्यगुणागुणौ ॥

anādinidhanāvetāvubhāveva mahāmate | amūrtimantāvacalāvaprakampyaguṇāguṇau

Both of these are without beginning or end, O wise one—formless, unmoving, unshakeable, with qualities and without.

Note on the text: Wikisource reads महामते … अप्रकम्प्यगुणागुणौ where the CE has महामुने … अप्रकम्प्यौ च निर्व्रणौ (recension variant, kept).

Verse 14 (12.319.14)

अग्राह्यावृषिशार्दूल कथमेको ह्यचेतनः । चेतनावांस्तथा चैकः क्षेत्रज्ञ इति भाषितः ॥

agrāhyāvṛṣiśārdūla kathameko hyacetanaḥ | cetanāvāṃstathā caikaḥ kṣetrajña iti bhāṣitaḥ

Both ungraspable, O tiger among sages: how is one of them insentient, while the other is endowed with sentience and is declared the Knower of the Field?

Verse 15 (12.319.15)

त्वं हि विप्रेन्द्र कार्त्स्न्येन मोक्षधर्ममुपाससे । साकल्यं मोक्षधर्मस्य श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्त्वतः ॥

tvaṃ hi viprendra kārtsnyena mokṣadharmamupāsase | sākalyaṃ mokṣadharmasya śrotumicchāmi tattvataḥ

You, O chief of brahmins, pursue the whole dharma of liberation. I wish to hear the complete teaching of the dharma of liberation, in truth.

Note on the text: Corrected र्मोक्षधर्ममुपाससे → मोक्षधर्ममुपाससे (misprint in Wikisource; a stray र् before the word; CE reads mokṣadharmam upāsase). Corrected साकल्पं → साकल्यं (misprint in Wikisource; a broken conjunct; CE reads sākalyaṃ).

Verse 16 (12.319.16)

निस्तत्वं केवलत्वं च विनाभावं तथैव च । दैवतानि च मे ब्रूहि देहं यान्याश्रितानि वै ॥

nistatvaṃ kevalatvaṃ ca vinābhāvaṃ tathaiva ca | daivatāni ca me brūhi dehaṃ yānyāśritāni vai

Tell me of the state without the principles, of aloneness, and of separation, and tell me of the divinities that dwell in the body.

Note on the text: CE lines: the first line is CE 12.302.16a (astitvaṃ kevalatvaṃ ca vinābhāvaṃ tathaiva ca; Wikisource reads निस्तत्वं for अस्तित्वम्, a recension variant, kept); the second line is the CE star passage 12.302.16b*0771_01 (daivatāni ca me brūhi dehaṃ yāny āśritāni vai), printed in the CE apparatus after 16a.

Verse 17 (12.319.17)

तथैवोत्क्रमणस्थानं देहिनो वै विपद्यतः । कालेन यद्धि प्राप्नोति स्थानं तत्प्रब्रवीहि मे ॥

tathaivotkramaṇasthānaṃ dehino vai vipadyataḥ | kālena yaddhi prāpnoti sthānaṃ tatprabravīhi me

And likewise the place of departure of the embodied one who is dying—the place he reaches in time: tell me that.

Note on the text: Corrected तथैवोत्क्राणिणः स्थानं → तथैवोत्क्रमणस्थानं (misprint in Wikisource; the first words are garbled; CE reads tathaivotkramaṇasthānaṃ, and the page's own poem block has तथैवोत्क्रमणस्थानम्). CE lines: this verse is CE 12.302.16c + 17a. Wikisource reads देहिनो वै विपद्यतः and तत्प्रब्रवीहि मे where the CE has देहिनोऽपि वियुज्यतः and तद्ब्रूहि मे द्विज (recension variants, kept).

Verse 18 (12.319.18)

साङ्ख्यज्ञानं च तत्त्वेन पृथग्योगं तथैव च । अरिष्टानि च तत्त्वानि वक्तुमर्हसि सत्तम । विदितं सर्वमेतत्ते पाणावामलकं यथा ॥

sāṅkhyajñānaṃ ca tattvena pṛthagyogaṃ tathaiva ca | ariṣṭāni ca tattvāni vaktumarhasi sattama | viditaṃ sarvametatte pāṇāvāmalakaṃ yathā

The knowledge of Sankhya as it truly is, and Yoga as a separate path, and the omens of death in their true nature—you are able to tell these, O best of men. All this is known to you like a myrobalan fruit in the palm of the hand.

Note on the text: Wikisource (page row 18) prints three lines here, labelled 12-319-18a, b, c. They are CE 12.302.17c + 18a + 18c. Wikisource reads अरिष्टानि च तत्त्वानि where the CE has अरिष्टानि च तत्त्वेन (recension variant, kept).