Self, Element and Deity in Each Organ; the Qualities of Sattva, Rajas and Tamas

Verse 1 (12.318.1)

पादावध्यात्ममित्याहुर्ब्राह्मणास्तत्त्वदर्शिनः । गन्तव्यमधिभूतं च विष्णुस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥

pādāvadhyātmamityāhurbrāhmaṇāstattvadarśinaḥ | gantavyamadhibhūtaṃ ca viṣṇustatrādhidaivatam

The brahmins who see the truth call the feet the self-aspect (adhyatma); what is to be gone to is the elemental aspect (adhibhuta), and Vishnu is the presiding deity there.

Note on the text: Adhyaya note: the page is the right adhyaya (table rows 1-28; the colophon reads अष्टादशाधिकत्रिशततमोऽध्यायः । 318). Its text is the critical edition's 12.301.1-27 (the CE numbers this adhyaya 301); from verse 23 the CE has three-line verses that Wikisource divides into couplets, so verses 23-28 are CE lines regrouped, mapped in the notes. Three CE star passages are not in Wikisource and are not added: 12.301.7b*0766_01 (karṇāv adhyātmakaṃ jñeyaṃ prāhuḥ sāṃkhyanidarśanāḥ), 12.301.13d*0767_01-02 (cittam adhyātmam … rudras tatrādhidaivatam), and 12.301.27f*0768_01-04 (ity evaṃ saptadaśako rāśir … pumān ity abhidhīyate). The two heading lines printed above the table (याज्ञवल्क्येन जनकंप्रति इन्द्रियतद्विषय … / तथा सत्वादिगुणत्रयकार्यधर्मप्रतिपादनम्) and the two variant-reading notes printed after the colophon (12-318-4, -19) are not part of the text and are not added. No Appendix I passage occurs here.

Verse 2 (12.318.2)

पायुरध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथातत्त्वार्थदर्शिनः । विसर्गमधिभूतं च मित्रस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥

pāyuradhyātmamityāhuryathātattvārthadarśinaḥ | visargamadhibhūtaṃ ca mitrastatrādhidaivatam

The organ of excretion is the self-aspect, say those who see the meaning of the real; excretion is the elemental aspect, and Mitra is the presiding deity there.

Verse 3 (12.318.3)

उपस्थोऽध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथायोगप्रदर्शिनः । अधिभूतं तथाऽऽनन्दो दैवतं च प्रजापतिः ॥

upastho'dhyātmamityāhuryathāyogapradarśinaḥ | adhibhūtaṃ tathā''nando daivataṃ ca prajāpatiḥ

The organ of generation is the self-aspect, say those who show the way of yoga; delight is the elemental aspect, and the deity is Prajapati.

Verse 4 (12.318.4)

हस्तावध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथासङ्ख्यानदर्शिनः । कर्तव्यमधिभूतं तु इन्द्रस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥

hastāvadhyātmamityāhuryathāsaṅkhyānadarśinaḥ | kartavyamadhibhūtaṃ tu indrastatrādhidaivatam

The two hands are the self-aspect, say those who go by enumeration; what is to be done is the elemental aspect, and Indra is the presiding deity there.

Verse 5 (12.318.5)

वागध्यात्ममिति प्राहुर्यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शिनः । वक्तव्यमधिभूतं तु वह्निस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥

vāgadhyātmamiti prāhuryathāśrutinidarśinaḥ | vaktavyamadhibhūtaṃ tu vahnistatrādhidaivatam

Speech is the self-aspect, say those who follow scripture; what is to be spoken is the elemental aspect, and Agni is the presiding deity there.

Verse 6 (12.318.6)

चक्षुरध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शिनः । रूपमत्राधिभूतं तु सूर्यश्चाप्यधिदैवतम् ॥

cakṣuradhyātmamityāhuryathāśrutinidarśinaḥ | rūpamatrādhibhūtaṃ tu sūryaścāpyadhidaivatam

The eye is the self-aspect, say those who follow scripture; form is the elemental aspect here, and the Sun is the presiding deity.

Verse 7 (12.318.7)

श्रोत्रमध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शिनः । शब्दस्तत्राधिभूतं तु दिशश्चात्राधिदैवतम् ॥

śrotramadhyātmamityāhuryathāśrutinidarśinaḥ | śabdastatrādhibhūtaṃ tu diśaścātrādhidaivatam

The ear is the self-aspect, say those who follow scripture; sound is the elemental aspect there, and the quarters of space are the presiding deity here.

Verse 8 (12.318.8)

जिह्वामध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शिनः । रस एवाधिभूतं तु आपस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥

jihvāmadhyātmamityāhuryathāśrutinidarśinaḥ | rasa evādhibhūtaṃ tu āpastatrādhidaivatam

The tongue is the self-aspect, say those who follow scripture; taste alone is the elemental aspect, and the waters are the presiding deity there.

Verse 9 (12.318.9)

घ्राणमध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शिनः । गन्ध एवाधिभूतं तु पृथिवी चाधिदैवतम् ॥

ghrāṇamadhyātmamityāhuryathāśrutinidarśinaḥ | gandha evādhibhūtaṃ tu pṛthivī cādhidaivatam

The nose is the self-aspect, say those who follow scripture; smell alone is the elemental aspect, and the earth is the presiding deity.

Note on the text: Corrected हुर्थथा → हुर्यथा (misprint in Wikisource; a garbled conjunct; CE reads āhur yathā).

Verse 10 (12.318.10)

त्वगध्यात्ममिति प्राहुस्तत्त्वबुद्धिविशारदाः । स्पर्शमेवाधिभूतं तु पवनश्चाधिदैवतम् ॥

tvagadhyātmamiti prāhustattvabuddhiviśāradāḥ | sparśamevādhibhūtaṃ tu pavanaścādhidaivatam

The skin is the self-aspect, say those skilled in the discernment of the principles; touch alone is the elemental aspect, and the Wind is the presiding deity.

Verse 11 (12.318.11)

मनोऽध्यात्ममिति प्राहुर्यथा शास्त्रविशारदाः । मन्तव्यमधिभूतं तु चन्द्रमाश्चाधिदैवतम् ॥

mano'dhyātmamiti prāhuryathā śāstraviśāradāḥ | mantavyamadhibhūtaṃ tu candramāścādhidaivatam

The mind is the self-aspect, say those learned in the scriptures; what is to be thought is the elemental aspect, and the Moon is the presiding deity.

Note on the text: Wikisource reads यथा शास्त्रविशारदाः where the CE has यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शनम् (recension variant, kept).

Verse 12 (12.318.12)

आहंकारिकमध्यात्ममाहुस्तत्त्वनिदर्शिनः । अभिमानोऽधिभूतं तु बुद्धिश्चात्राधिदैवतम् ॥

āhaṃkārikamadhyātmamāhustattvanidarśinaḥ | abhimāno'dhibhūtaṃ tu buddhiścātrādhidaivatam

What belongs to egoity is the self-aspect, say those who discern the principles; self-conceit is the elemental aspect, and Intellect is the presiding deity here.

Note on the text: Wikisource reads बुद्धिश्चात्राधिदैवतम् where the CE has भवस्तत्राधिदैवतम् (recension variant, kept).

Verse 13 (12.318.13)

बुद्धिरध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथावदभिदर्शिनः । बोद्धव्यमधिभूतं तु क्षेत्रज्ञश्चाधिदैवतम् ॥

buddhiradhyātmamityāhuryathāvadabhidarśinaḥ | boddhavyamadhibhūtaṃ tu kṣetrajñaścādhidaivatam

Intellect is the self-aspect, say those who see rightly; what is to be known is the elemental aspect, and the Knower of the Field is the presiding deity.

Note on the text: Wikisource reads यथावदभिदर्शिनः where the CE has यथावेदनिदर्शनम् (recension variant, kept).

Verse 14 (12.318.14)

एषा ते व्यक्तितो राजन्विभूतिरनुदर्शिता । आदौ मध्ये तथाऽन्ते च यथा तत्त्वेन तत्त्ववित् ॥

eṣā te vyaktito rājanvibhūtiranudarśitā | ādau madhye tathā'nte ca yathā tattvena tattvavit

So I have set out for you in outline, O king, this array of manifestation, in its beginning, middle and end, truly, as one who knows the truth.

Verse 15 (12.318.15)

प्रकृतिर्गुणान्विकुरुते स्वच्छन्देनात्मकाम्यया । क्रीडार्थे तु महाराज शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः ॥

prakṛtirguṇānvikurute svacchandenātmakāmyayā | krīḍārthe tu mahārāja śataśo'tha sahasraśaḥ

Prakriti brings forth the qualities at her own will, to please herself, for sport, O great king, by hundreds and by thousands.

Verse 16 (12.318.16)

यथा दीपसहस्राणि दीपान्मर्त्याः प्रकुर्वते । प्रकृतिस्तथा विकुरुते पुरुषस्य गुणान्बहून् ॥

yathā dīpasahasrāṇi dīpānmartyāḥ prakurvate | prakṛtistathā vikurute puruṣasya guṇānbahūn

As men kindle thousands of lamps from one lamp, so Prakriti brings forth many qualities of the Purusha.

Verse 17 (12.318.17)

सत्वमानन्द उद्रेकः प्रीतिः प्राकाम्यमेव च । सुखं शुद्धत्वमारोग्यं संतोषः श्रद्दधानता ॥

satvamānanda udrekaḥ prītiḥ prākāmyameva ca | sukhaṃ śuddhatvamārogyaṃ saṃtoṣaḥ śraddadhānatā

Sattva is joy, exaltation, delight, the power to fulfil one's wishes, happiness, purity, health, contentment and faith;

Note on the text: Wikisource reads प्राकाम्यम् and शुद्धत्वम् where the CE has प्राकाश्यम् and शुद्धित्वम् (recension variants, kept).

Verse 18 (12.318.18)

अकार्पण्यमसंरम्भः क्षमा धृतिरहिंसता । समता सत्यमानृण्यमार्जवं ह्रीरचापलम् ॥

akārpaṇyamasaṃrambhaḥ kṣamā dhṛtirahiṃsatā | samatā satyamānṛṇyamārjavaṃ hrīracāpalam

freedom from meanness, freedom from fury, forbearance, steadfastness, non-violence, evenness of mind, truthfulness, freedom from debt, uprightness, modesty and freedom from fickleness;

Note on the text: Wikisource reads आर्जवम् where the CE has मार्दवम् (recension variant, kept).

Verse 19 (12.318.19)

शौचमार्दवमाचारमलौल्यं हृद्यसंभ्रमः । इष्टानिष्टवियोगानां कृतानामविकत्थना ॥

śaucamārdavamācāramalaulyaṃ hṛdyasaṃbhramaḥ | iṣṭāniṣṭaviyogānāṃ kṛtānāmavikatthanā

purity, gentleness, good conduct, freedom from greed, freedom from agitation of the heart, and not boasting of one's deeds in parting from what is welcome or unwelcome;

Verse 20 (12.318.20)

दानेन चात्मग्रहणमस्पृहत्वं परार्थता । सर्वभूतदया चैव सत्वस्यैते गुणाः स्मृताः ॥

dānena cātmagrahaṇamaspṛhatvaṃ parārthatā | sarvabhūtadayā caiva satvasyaite guṇāḥ smṛtāḥ

self-possession through giving, freedom from craving, concern for the good of others, and compassion for all beings. These are remembered as the qualities of sattva.

Note on the text: Wikisource reads आत्मग्रहणमस्पृहत्वम् where the CE has अनुग्रहणमस्पृहार्थे (recension variant, kept).

Verse 21 (12.318.21)

रजोगुणानां संघातो रूपमैश्वर्यविग्रहौ । अत्यागित्वमकारुण्यं सुखदुःखोपसेवनम् ॥

rajoguṇānāṃ saṃghāto rūpamaiśvaryavigrahau | atyāgitvamakāruṇyaṃ sukhaduḥkhopasevanam

The assemblage of the qualities of rajas: beauty of form, lordship and strife; unwillingness to give up, lack of compassion, and indulgence in pleasure and pain;

Note on the text: Wikisource reads रूपमैश्वर्यविग्रहौ and अत्यागित्वम् where the CE has रूपमैश्वर्यविग्रहे and अत्याशित्वम् (recension variants, kept).

Verse 22 (12.318.22)

परापवादेषु रतिर्विवादानां च सेवनम् । अहंकारस्त्वसत्कारश्चिन्ता वैरोपसेवनम् ॥

parāpavādeṣu ratirvivādānāṃ ca sevanam | ahaṃkārastvasatkāraścintā vairopasevanam

delight in speaking ill of others, fondness for disputes, egoism, disrespect, anxiety, and the cherishing of enmity;

Verse 23 (12.318.23)

परितापोऽभिहरणं ह्रीनाशोऽनार्जवं तथा । भेदः परुषता चैव कामक्रोधो मदस्तथा ॥

paritāpo'bhiharaṇaṃ hrīnāśo'nārjavaṃ tathā | bhedaḥ paruṣatā caiva kāmakrodho madastathā

torment, seizing what is not one's own, loss of modesty, crookedness, discord and harshness, lust and anger, and arrogance as well;

Note on the text: CE lines: this verse is CE 12.301.23a + 23c (the CE verse is a three-line verse, 23a, 23c, 23e). Wikisource reads परितापोऽभिहरणम् where the CE has परितापोऽपहरणम् (recension variant, kept).

Verse 24 (12.318.24)

दर्पो द्वेषोऽतिमानश्च एते प्रोक्ता रजोगुणाः । तामसानां तु संघातान्प्रवक्ष्याम्युपधार्यताम् ॥

darpo dveṣo'timānaśca ete proktā rajoguṇāḥ | tāmasānāṃ tu saṃghātānpravakṣyāmyupadhāryatām

pride, hatred and excessive conceit—these are declared to be the qualities of rajas. Now I shall tell of the assemblage of the qualities of tamas; listen carefully.

Note on the text: Corrected तुं → तु (misprint in Wikisource; a stray anusvara; CE reads tāmasānāṃ tu). CE lines: this verse is CE 12.301.23e + 24a. Wikisource reads एते प्रोक्ता रजोगुणाः … तामसानां तु संघातान् where the CE has एते प्रोक्ता रजोगुणाः … तामसानां तु संघातम् (the object form is a recension variant, kept).

Verse 25 (12.318.25)

मोहोऽप्रकाशस्तामिस्रमन्धतामिस्रसंज्ञितम् । मरणं चान्धतामिस्रं तामिस्रं क्रोध उच्यते ॥

moho'prakāśastāmisramandhatāmisrasaṃjñitam | maraṇaṃ cāndhatāmisraṃ tāmisraṃ krodha ucyate

Delusion, absence of light, Tamisra, and what is named Andhatamisra: death is Andhatamisra, and anger is called Tamisra.

Note on the text: Corrected उज्यते → उच्यते (misprint in Wikisource; a broken conjunct; CE reads ucyate). CE lines: this verse is CE 12.301.24c + 25a.

Verse 26 (12.318.26)

तमसो लक्षणानीह भक्षणाद्यभिरोचनम् । भोजनानामपर्याप्तिस्तथा पेयेष्वतृप्तता ॥

tamaso lakṣaṇānīha bhakṣaṇādyabhirocanam | bhojanānāmaparyāptistathā peyeṣvatṛptatā

The marks of tamas here are: relish for eating and the like, never having enough of food and never being satisfied with drink;

Note on the text: CE lines: this verse is CE 12.301.25c + 26a. Wikisource reads भक्षणाद्यभिरोचनम् where the CE has भक्षाणामभिरोचनम् (recension variant, kept).

Verse 27 (12.318.27)

गन्धवासो विहारेषु शयनेष्वासनेषु च । दिवास्वप्ने विवादे च प्रमादेषु च वै रतिः ॥

gandhavāso vihāreṣu śayaneṣvāsaneṣu ca | divāsvapne vivāde ca pramādeṣu ca vai ratiḥ

love of scents and fine clothes in one's pleasures, on couches and on seats, of sleeping by day, of quarrels, and of negligence;

Note on the text: CE lines: this verse is CE 12.301.26c + 27a.

Verse 28 (12.318.28)

नृत्यवादित्रगीतानामज्ञानाच्छ्रद्दधानता । द्वेषो धर्मविशेषाणामेते वै तामसा गुणाः ॥

nṛtyavāditragītānāmajñānācchraddadhānatā | dveṣo dharmaviśeṣāṇāmete vai tāmasā guṇāḥ

trust in dance, instrumental music and song out of ignorance, and hatred of the distinctions of dharma: these are the qualities of tamas.

Note on the text: CE lines: this verse is CE 12.301.27c + 27e. The CE star passage 12.301.27f*0768_01-04 follows in the apparatus and is not in Wikisource.