Drona, Vidura and Gandhari Rebuke Duryodhana

Verse 1 (5.148.1)

भीष्मेणोक्ते ततो द्रोणो दुर्योधनमभाषत । मध्ये नृपाणां भद्रं ते वचनं वचनक्षमः ॥

bhīṣmeṇokte tato droṇo duryodhanamabhāṣata | madhye nṛpāṇāṃ bhadraṃ te vacanaṃ vacanakṣamaḥ

When Bhishma had spoken, Drona, master of speech, addressed Duryodhana in the midst of the kings — may it go well with you:

Verse 2 (5.148.2)

प्रातीपः शन्तनुस्तात कुलस्यार्थे यथा स्थितः । यथा देवव्रतो भीष्मः कुलस्यार्थे स्थितोऽभवत् ॥

prātīpaḥ śantanustāta kulasyārthe yathā sthitaḥ | yathā devavrato bhīṣmaḥ kulasyārthe sthito'bhavat

Dear son, just as Shantanu, son of Pratipa, stood firm for the family's sake, so did Devavrata Bhishma stand firm for the family's sake.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Drona: his speech, announced by Krishna in verse 1, fills verses 2–16 with no printed heading in Wikisource (nor in the critical edition).

Verse 3 (5.148.3)

तथा पाण्डुर्नरपतिः सत्यसन्धो जितेन्द्रियः । राजा कुरूणां धर्मात्मा सुव्रतः सुसमाहितः ॥

tathā pāṇḍurnarapatiḥ satyasandho jitendriyaḥ | rājā kurūṇāṃ dharmātmā suvrataḥ susamāhitaḥ

So too King Pandu — true to his word, master of his senses, the righteous king of the Kurus, faithful to his vows and composed —

Note on the text: Speaker set to Drona (see verse 2). Corrected सुसमाहिताः → सुसमाहितः (misprint in Wikisource; the singular agrees with Pandu, as in the critical edition's susamāhitaḥ).

Verse 4 (5.148.4)

ज्येष्ठाय राज्यमददद्धृतराष्ट्राय धीमते । यवीयसे तथा क्षत्त्रे कुरूणां वंशवर्धनः ॥

jyeṣṭhāya rājyamadadaddhṛtarāṣṭrāya dhīmate | yavīyase tathā kṣattre kurūṇāṃ vaṃśavardhanaḥ

he who increased the Kuru line gave the kingdom to the elder, the wise Dhritarashtra, and likewise to the younger, Vidura the Kshattri.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Drona (see verse 2). Corrected क्षत्रे → क्षत्त्रे (misprint in Wikisource; a dropped त् turns the dative of क्षत्तृ, "to the Kshattri", into the locative of क्षत्र; the page's own note glosses the word as विदुराय, and the critical edition has kṣattuḥ). यवीयसे … क्षत्त्रे (critical edition yavīyasas … kṣattuḥ) and कुरूणां वंशवर्धनः (critical edition kuruvaṃśavivardhanaḥ) kept as variants. The page ends this row with a single danda and prints a stray double danda after the next verse's first line; the rows are kept as the page numbers them.

Verse 5 (5.148.5)

ततः सिंहासने राजन्स्थापयित्वैनमच्युतम् । वनं जगाम कौरव्यो भार्याभ्यां सहितो नृपः ॥

tataḥ siṃhāsane rājansthāpayitvainamacyutam | vanaṃ jagāma kauravyo bhāryābhyāṃ sahito nṛpaḥ

Then, having placed this unfallen one on the lion-throne, O king, the Kaurava king went to the forest with his two wives.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Drona (see verse 2).

Verse 6 (5.148.6)

नीचैः स्थित्वा तु विदुर उपास्ते स्म विनीतवत् । प्रेष्यवत्पुरुषव्याघ्रो वालव्यजनमुत्क्षिपन् ॥

nīcaiḥ sthitvā tu vidura upāste sma vinītavat | preṣyavatpuruṣavyāghro vālavyajanamutkṣipan

Vidura, that tiger among men, standing below, waited on him humbly like a servant, waving the yak-tail fan.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Drona (see verse 2).

Verse 7 (5.148.7)

ततः सर्वाः प्रजास्तात धृतराष्ट्रं जनेश्वरम् । अन्वपद्यन्त विधिवद्यथा पाण्डुं जनाधिपम् ॥

tataḥ sarvāḥ prajāstāta dhṛtarāṣṭraṃ janeśvaram | anvapadyanta vidhivadyathā pāṇḍuṃ janādhipam

Then all the subjects, dear son, duly followed Dhritarashtra, lord of men, as they had followed King Pandu.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Drona (see verse 2).

Verse 8 (5.148.8)

विसृज्य धृतराष्ट्राय राज्यं स विदुराय च । चचार पृथिवीं पाण्डुः सर्वां परपुरञ्जयः ॥

visṛjya dhṛtarāṣṭrāya rājyaṃ sa vidurāya ca | cacāra pṛthivīṃ pāṇḍuḥ sarvāṃ parapurañjayaḥ

Having handed the kingdom over to Dhritarashtra and to Vidura, Pandu, conqueror of enemy cities, roamed the whole earth.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Drona (see verse 2).

Verse 9 (5.148.9)

कोशसंवनने दाने भृत्यानां चान्ववेक्षणे । भरणे चैव सर्वस्य विदुरः सत्यसङ्गरः ॥

kośasaṃvanane dāne bhṛtyānāṃ cānvavekṣaṇe | bharaṇe caiva sarvasya viduraḥ satyasaṅgaraḥ

Vidura, true to his promise, saw to the treasury and to winning people over, to gifts, to overseeing the servants and to the support of all.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Drona (see verse 2).

Verse 10 (5.148.10)

सन्धिविग्रहसंयुक्तो राज्ञां संवाहनक्रियाः । अवैक्षत महातेजा भीष्मः परपुरञ्जयः ॥

sandhivigrahasaṃyukto rājñāṃ saṃvāhanakriyāḥ | avaikṣata mahātejā bhīṣmaḥ parapurañjayaḥ

Bhishma, of great splendour, conqueror of enemy cities, attended to matters of peace and war and to the services owed to the king.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Drona (see verse 2).

Verse 11 (5.148.11)

सिंहासनस्थो नृपतिर्धृतराष्ट्रो महाबलः । अन्वास्यमानः सततं विदुरेण महात्मना ॥

siṃhāsanastho nṛpatirdhṛtarāṣṭro mahābalaḥ | anvāsyamānaḥ satataṃ vidureṇa mahātmanā

Mighty King Dhritarashtra sat upon the lion-throne, constantly attended by the great-souled Vidura.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Drona (see verse 2).

Verse 12 (5.148.12)

कथं तस्य कुले जातः कुलभेदं व्यवस्यसि । संभूय भ्रातृभिः सार्धं भुङ्क्ष्व भोगाञ्जनाधिप ॥

kathaṃ tasya kule jātaḥ kulabhedaṃ vyavasyasi | saṃbhūya bhrātṛbhiḥ sārdhaṃ bhuṅkṣva bhogāñjanādhipa

Born in his family, how can you resolve to split the family? Join with your brothers and enjoy your pleasures together, lord of men.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Drona (see verse 2). Corrected भुङ्क्ष → भुङ्क्ष्व (misprint in Wikisource; dropped व in the imperative of भुज्, as in the critical edition's bhuṅkṣva).

Verse 13 (5.148.13)

ब्रवीम्यहं न कार्पण्यान्नार्थहेतोः कथञ्चन । भीष्मेण दत्तमिच्छामि न त्वया राजसत्तम ॥

bravīmyahaṃ na kārpaṇyānnārthahetoḥ kathañcana | bhīṣmeṇa dattamicchāmi na tvayā rājasattama

I do not say this out of meanness, nor in any way for the sake of wealth. What I want is what Bhishma gives, not what you give, best of kings.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Drona (see verse 2).

Verse 14 (5.148.14)

नाहं त्वत्तोऽभिकाङ्क्षिष्ये वृत्त्युपायं जनाधिप । यतो भीष्मस्ततो द्रोणो यद्भीष्मस्त्वाह तत्कुरु ॥

nāhaṃ tvatto'bhikāṅkṣiṣye vṛttyupāyaṃ janādhipa | yato bhīṣmastato droṇo yadbhīṣmastvāha tatkuru

I shall not look to you for my livelihood, lord of men. Where Bhishma is, there is Drona; do what Bhishma tells you.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Drona (see verse 2).

Verse 15 (5.148.15)

दीयतां पाण्डुपुत्रेभ्यो राज्यार्धमरिकर्शन । सममाचार्यकं तात तव तेषां च मे सदा ॥

dīyatāṃ pāṇḍuputrebhyo rājyārdhamarikarśana | samamācāryakaṃ tāta tava teṣāṃ ca me sadā

Let half the kingdom be given to the sons of Pandu, scourge of enemies. As their teacher, dear son, I have always stood equally toward you and toward them.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Drona (see verse 2).

Verse 16 (5.148.16)

अश्वत्थामा यथा मह्यं तथा श्वेतहयो मम । बहुना किं प्रलापेन यतो धर्मस्ततो जयः ॥

aśvatthāmā yathā mahyaṃ tathā śvetahayo mama | bahunā kiṃ pralāpena yato dharmastato jayaḥ

As Ashvatthama is to me, so is he of the white horses. What use is much talk? Where dharma is, there is victory.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Drona (see verse 2).

Verse 17 (5.148.17)

एवमुक्ते महाराज द्रोणेनामिततेजसा । व्याजहार ततो वाक्यं विदुरः सत्यसङ्गरः । पितुर्वदनमन्वीक्ष्य परिवृत्य च धर्मवित् ॥

evamukte mahārāja droṇenāmitatejasā | vyājahāra tato vākyaṃ viduraḥ satyasaṅgaraḥ | piturvadanamanvīkṣya parivṛtya ca dharmavit

When Drona of boundless splendour had spoken thus, great king, Vidura, true to his promise and knower of dharma, turned, looked into the face of his father Bhishma, and spoke:

Note on the text: Corrected परिवृत्त्य → परिवृत्य (misprint in Wikisource; doubled त, as in the critical edition's parivṛtya).

Verse 18 (5.148.18)

देवव्रत निबोधेदं वचनं मम भाषतः । प्रनष्टः कौरवो वंशस्त्वयायं पुनरुद्धृतः ॥

devavrata nibodhedaṃ vacanaṃ mama bhāṣataḥ | pranaṣṭaḥ kauravo vaṃśastvayāyaṃ punaruddhṛtaḥ

Devavrata, hear what I say. The Kaurava line had perished, and you restored it.

Verse 19 (5.148.19)

तन्मे विलपमानस्य वचनं समुपेक्षसे । कोऽयं दुर्योधनो नाम कुलेऽस्मिन्कुलपांसनः ॥

tanme vilapamānasya vacanaṃ samupekṣase | ko'yaṃ duryodhano nāma kule'sminkulapāṃsanaḥ

Yet you disregard my words as I lament. Who is this Duryodhana, the disgrace of this family,

Note on the text: Corrected कोयं → कोऽयं (misprint in Wikisource; missing avagraha, as in the critical edition's ko 'yaṃ).

Verse 20 (5.148.20)

यस्य लोभाभिभूतस्य मतिं समनुवर्तसे । अनार्यस्याकृतज्ञस्य लोभेन हृतचेतसः । अतिक्रामति यः शास्त्रं पितुर्धर्मार्थदर्शिनः ॥

yasya lobhābhibhūtasya matiṃ samanuvartase | anāryasyākṛtajñasya lobhena hṛtacetasaḥ | atikrāmati yaḥ śāstraṃ piturdharmārthadarśinaḥ

whose will you follow though he is overcome by greed — ignoble, ungrateful, his mind stolen by greed, a man who disobeys the command of his father, who sees what is right and profitable?

Verse 21 (5.148.21)

एते नश्यन्ति कुरवो दुर्योधनकृतेन वै । यथा ते न प्रणश्येयुर्महाराज तथा कुरु ॥

ete naśyanti kuravo duryodhanakṛtena vai | yathā te na praṇaśyeyurmahārāja tathā kuru

These Kurus are perishing because of what Duryodhana has done. Great king, act so that they do not perish.

Verse 22 (5.148.22)

मां चैव धृतराष्ट्रं च पूर्वमेव महामते । चित्रकार इवालेख्यं कृत्वा स्थापितवानसि ॥

māṃ caiva dhṛtarāṣṭraṃ ca pūrvameva mahāmate | citrakāra ivālekhyaṃ kṛtvā sthāpitavānasi

Long ago, wise one, you made me and Dhritarashtra as a painter makes a picture, and set us in our places.

Note on the text: Wikisource divides 5.146.22–23 differently: this verse is the critical edition's 5.146.22ab–cd (kṛtvā mā sma vināśaya for कृत्वा स्थापितवानसि).

Verse 23 (5.148.23)

प्रजापतिः प्रजाः सृष्ट्वा यथा संहरते तथा । नोपेक्षस्व महाबाहो पश्यमानः कुलक्षयम् ॥

prajāpatiḥ prajāḥ sṛṣṭvā yathā saṃharate tathā | nopekṣasva mahābāho paśyamānaḥ kulakṣayam

As Prajapati creates his creatures and then destroys them, do not in the same way stand by, mighty-armed one, watching the ruin of the family.

Note on the text: Corrected नोपेक्षश्व → नोपेक्षस्व (misprint in Wikisource; श for स, as in the critical edition's nopekṣasva). This verse joins the critical edition's 5.146.22ef and 5.146.23ab.

Verse 24 (5.148.24)

अथ तेऽद्य मतिर्नष्टा विनाशे प्रत्युपस्थिते । वनं गच्छ मया सार्धं धृतराष्ट्रेण चैव ह ॥

atha te'dya matirnaṣṭā vināśe pratyupasthite | vanaṃ gaccha mayā sārdhaṃ dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa caiva ha

But if your judgement has failed you today, now that destruction is at hand, then go to the forest with me and with Dhritarashtra.

Note on the text: This verse is the critical edition's 5.146.23cd–ef.

Verse 25 (5.148.25)

बद्ध्वा वा निकृतिप्रज्ञं धार्तराष्ट्रं सुदुर्मतिम् । शाधीदं राज्यमद्याशु पाण्डवैरभिरक्षितम् ॥

baddhvā vā nikṛtiprajñaṃ dhārtarāṣṭraṃ sudurmatim | śādhīdaṃ rājyamadyāśu pāṇḍavairabhirakṣitam

Or else bind this evil-minded son of Dhritarashtra, whose wisdom is deceit, and rule this kingdom swiftly, today, with the Pandavas to protect it.

Verse 26 (5.148.26)

प्रसीद राजशार्दूल विनाशो दृश्यते महान् । पाण्डवानां कुरूणां च राज्ञाममिततेजसाम् ॥

prasīda rājaśārdūla vināśo dṛśyate mahān | pāṇḍavānāṃ kurūṇāṃ ca rājñāmamitatejasām

Be gracious, tiger among kings! A great destruction is in sight — of the Pandavas, of the Kurus and of kings of boundless splendour.

Verse 27 (5.148.27)

विररामैवमुक्त्वा तु विदुरो दीनमानसः । प्रध्यायमानः स तदा निःश्वसंश्च पुनः पुनः ॥

virarāmaivamuktvā tu viduro dīnamānasaḥ | pradhyāyamānaḥ sa tadā niḥśvasaṃśca punaḥ punaḥ

Having said this, Vidura fell silent, sick at heart, brooding and sighing again and again.

Verse 28 (5.148.28)

ततोऽस्य राज्ञः सुबलस्य पुत्री । धर्मार्थयुक्तं कुलनाशभीता । दुर्योधनं पापमतिं नृशंसं । राज्ञां समक्षं सुतमाह कोपात् ॥

tato'sya rājñaḥ subalasya putrī | dharmārthayuktaṃ kulanāśabhītā | duryodhanaṃ pāpamatiṃ nṛśaṃsaṃ | rājñāṃ samakṣaṃ sutamāha kopāt

Then King Subala's daughter, fearing the destruction of the family, spoke in anger, before the kings, words full of dharma and good sense to her son, the evil-minded and cruel Duryodhana.

Note on the text: Corrected कुलनाशमीता → कुलनाशभीता (misprint in Wikisource; म for भ, as in the critical edition's kulanāśabhītā).

Verse 29 (5.148.29)

ये पार्थिवा राजसभां प्रविष्टा । ब्रह्मर्षयो ये च सभासदोऽन्ये । शृण्वन्तु वक्ष्यामि तवापराधं । पापस्य सामात्यपरिच्छदस्य ॥

ye pārthivā rājasabhāṃ praviṣṭā | brahmarṣayo ye ca sabhāsado'nye | śṛṇvantu vakṣyāmi tavāparādhaṃ | pāpasya sāmātyaparicchadasya

Let the kings who have entered this royal hall, the brahmin seers and the other members of the assembly listen: I will declare your offence — yours, sinner, and that of your ministers and followers.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Gandhari: her speech, announced by Krishna in verse 28, fills verses 29–36 with no printed heading in Wikisource (nor in the critical edition). Corrected श्रृण्वन्तु → शृण्वन्तु (misprint in Wikisource; श्रृ for शृ, as in the critical edition's śṛṇvantu).

Verse 30 (5.148.30)

राज्यं कुरूणामनुरूपभोज्यं । क्रमागतो नः कुलधर्म एषः । त्वं पापबुद्धेऽतिनृशंसकर्मन् । राज्यं कुरूणामनयाद्विहंसि ॥

rājyaṃ kurūṇāmanurūpabhojyaṃ | kramāgato naḥ kuladharma eṣaḥ | tvaṃ pāpabuddhe'tinṛśaṃsakarman | rājyaṃ kurūṇāmanayādvihaṃsi

The kingdom of the Kurus is to be enjoyed by the rightful heir — this is our family law, handed down in succession. You, evil-minded doer of cruel deeds, are destroying the Kurus' kingdom by your misconduct.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Gandhari (see verse 29).

Verse 31 (5.148.31)

राज्ये स्थितो धृतराष्ट्रो मनीषी । तस्यानुजो विदुरो दीर्घदर्शी । एतावतिक्रम्य कथं नृपत्वं । दुर्योधन प्रार्थयसेऽद्य मोहात् ॥

rājye sthito dhṛtarāṣṭro manīṣī | tasyānujo viduro dīrghadarśī | etāvatikramya kathaṃ nṛpatvaṃ | duryodhana prārthayase'dya mohāt

The wise Dhritarashtra holds the kingdom, and after him comes his younger brother, the far-sighted Vidura. Passing over these two, how can you, Duryodhana, in your folly, now seek the kingship?

Note on the text: Speaker set to Gandhari (see verse 29).

Verse 32 (5.148.32)

राजा च क्षत्ता च महानुभावौ । भीष्मे स्थिते परवन्तौ भवेताम् । अयं तु धर्मज्ञतया महात्मा । न राज्यकामो नृवरो नदीजः ॥

rājā ca kṣattā ca mahānubhāvau | bhīṣme sthite paravantau bhavetām | ayaṃ tu dharmajñatayā mahātmā | na rājyakāmo nṛvaro nadījaḥ

Even the king and the Kshattri, great as they are, must defer to another while Bhishma stands. But this great-souled man, best of men, the son of the river, knowing dharma, has no desire for the kingdom.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Gandhari (see verse 29).

Verse 33 (5.148.33)

राज्यं तु पाण्डोरिदमप्रधृष्यं । तस्याद्य पुत्राः प्रभवन्ति नान्ये । राज्यं तदेतन्निखिलं पाण्डवानां । पैतामहं पुत्रपौत्रानुगामि ॥

rājyaṃ tu pāṇḍoridamapradhṛṣyaṃ | tasyādya putrāḥ prabhavanti nānye | rājyaṃ tadetannikhilaṃ pāṇḍavānāṃ | paitāmahaṃ putrapautrānugāmi

This kingdom is Pandu's, and it cannot be seized. His sons are its masters now, no others. This whole kingdom belongs to the Pandavas — ancestral, passing on to sons and grandsons.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Gandhari (see verse 29). Corrected राज्य तु → राज्यं तु (misprint in Wikisource; dropped anusvara, as in the critical edition's rājyaṃ tu).

Verse 34 (5.148.34)

यद्वै ब्रूते कुरुमुख्यो महात्मा । देवव्रतः सत्यसन्धो मनीषी । सर्वं तदस्माभिरहत्य कार्यं । राज्यं स्वधर्मान्परिपालयद्भिः ॥

yadvai brūte kurumukhyo mahātmā | devavrataḥ satyasandho manīṣī | sarvaṃ tadasmābhirahatya kāryaṃ | rājyaṃ svadharmānparipālayadbhiḥ

Whatever the great-souled chief of the Kurus says — Devavrata, true to his word and wise — all of it we must carry out without violating it, ruling the kingdom and keeping to our own duties.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Gandhari (see verse 29). The raw page labels the third line 5-138-34c, a typo for 5-148-34c; the line belongs here.

Verse 35 (5.148.35)

अनुज्ञया चाथ महाव्रतस्य । ब्रूयान्नृपोऽयं विदुरस्तथैव । कार्यं भवेत्तत्सुहृद्भिर्नियोज्यं । धर्मं पुरस्कृत्य सुदीर्घकालम् ॥

anujñayā cātha mahāvratasya | brūyānnṛpo'yaṃ vidurastathaiva | kāryaṃ bhavettatsuhṛdbhirniyojyaṃ | dharmaṃ puraskṛtya sudīrghakālam

And with the consent of that man of great vows, let this king speak, and Vidura likewise; whatever is to be done should then be carried out by well-wishers, with dharma placed first, for a long time to come.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Gandhari (see verse 29).

Verse 36 (5.148.36)

न्यायागतं राज्यमिदं कुरूणां । युधिष्ठिरः शास्तु वै धर्मपुत्रः । प्रचोदितो धृतराष्ट्रेण राज्ञा । पुरस्कृतः शान्तनवेन चैव ॥

nyāyāgataṃ rājyamidaṃ kurūṇāṃ | yudhiṣṭhiraḥ śāstu vai dharmaputraḥ | pracodito dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa rājñā | puraskṛtaḥ śāntanavena caiva

This kingdom of the Kurus has come rightfully to Yudhishthira; let the son of Dharma rule it, urged on by King Dhritarashtra and honoured by Shantanu's son.

Note on the text: Speaker set to Gandhari (see verse 29).