The Sleepless King and the Marks of the Wise

Verse 1 (5.33.1)

द्वाःस्थं प्राह महाप्राज्ञो धृतराष्ट्रो महीपतिः । विदुरं द्रष्टुमिच्छामि तमिहानय मा चिरम् ॥

dvāḥsthaṃ prāha mahāprājño dhṛtarāṣṭro mahīpatiḥ | viduraṃ draṣṭumicchāmi tamihānaya mā ciram

The wise Dhritarashtra, lord of the earth, said to the doorkeeper: "I wish to see Vidura. Bring him here without delay."

Verse 2 (5.33.2)

प्रहितो धृतराष्ट्रेण दूतः क्षत्तारमब्रवीत् । ईश्वरस्त्वां महाराजो महाप्राज्ञ दिदृक्षति ॥

prahito dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa dūtaḥ kṣattāramabravīt | īśvarastvāṃ mahārājo mahāprājña didṛkṣati

The messenger sent by Dhritarashtra said to Vidura: "O wise one, the great king, our master, wishes to see you."

Verse 3 (5.33.3)

एवमुक्तस्तु विदुरः प्राप्य राजनिवेशनम् । अब्रवीद्धृतराष्ट्राय द्वाःस्थं मां प्रतिवेदय ॥

evamuktastu viduraḥ prāpya rājaniveśanam | abravīddhṛtarāṣṭrāya dvāḥsthaṃ māṃ prativedaya

Told this, Vidura went to the king's palace and said to the doorkeeper, "Announce me to Dhritarashtra."

Verse 4 (5.33.4)

विदुरोऽयमनुप्राप्तो राजेन्द्र तव शासनात् । द्रष्टुमिच्छति ते पादौ किं करोतु प्रशाधि माम् ॥

viduro'yamanuprāpto rājendra tava śāsanāt | draṣṭumicchati te pādau kiṃ karotu praśādhi mām

"O lord of kings, Vidura has come at your command and wishes to see your feet. Tell me, what is he to do?"

Note on the text: Corrected द्रुष्टुमिच्छति → द्रष्टुमिच्छति (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read द्रष्टुम्).

Verse 5 (5.33.5)

प्रवेशय महाप्रज्ञं विदुरं दीर्घदर्शिनम् । अहं हि विदुरस्यास्य नाकल्पो जातु दर्शने ॥

praveśaya mahāprajñaṃ viduraṃ dīrghadarśinam | ahaṃ hi vidurasyāsya nākalpo jātu darśane

"Bring in Vidura, the wise and far-seeing. I am never unwilling to see this Vidura."

Verse 6 (5.33.6)

प्रविशान्तःपुरं क्षत्तर्महाराजस्य धीमतः । न हि ते दर्शनेऽकल्पो जातु राजाऽब्रवीद्धि माम् ॥

praviśāntaḥpuraṃ kṣattarmahārājasya dhīmataḥ | na hi te darśane'kalpo jātu rājā'bravīddhi mām

"Enter the inner apartments of the wise great king, O Kshattri. The king has told me that he is never unwilling to see you."

Note on the text: Corrected महारादजस्य → महाराजस्य (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read महाराजस्य).

Verse 7 (5.33.7)

ततः प्रविश्य विदुरो धृतराष्ट्रनिवेशनम् । अब्रवीत्प्राञ्जलिर्वाक्यं चिन्तयानं नराधिपम् ॥

tataḥ praviśya viduro dhṛtarāṣṭraniveśanam | abravītprāñjalirvākyaṃ cintayānaṃ narādhipam

Then Vidura entered Dhritarashtra's chamber and, with joined palms, spoke to the ruler of men, who was lost in anxious thought.

Verse 8 (5.33.8)

विदुरोऽहं महाप्राज्ञ संप्राप्तस्तव शासनात् । यदि किंचन कर्तव्यमयमस्मि प्रशाधि माम् ॥

viduro'haṃ mahāprājña saṃprāptastava śāsanāt | yadi kiṃcana kartavyamayamasmi praśādhi mām

"O wise one, I, Vidura, have come at your command. If there is anything to be done, here I am; instruct me."

Verse 9 (5.33.9)

सञ्जयो विदुर प्राप्तो गर्हयित्वा च मां गतः । अजातशत्रोः श्वो वाक्यं सभामध्ये स वक्ष्यति ॥

sañjayo vidura prāpto garhayitvā ca māṃ gataḥ | ajātaśatroḥ śvo vākyaṃ sabhāmadhye sa vakṣyati

"Vidura, Sanjaya came, reproached me, and went away. Tomorrow he will deliver Ajatashatru's message in the middle of the assembly."

Verse 10 (5.33.10)

तस्याद्य कुरुवीरस्य न विज्ञातं वचो मया । तन्मे दहति गात्राणि तदकार्षीत्प्रजागरम् ॥

tasyādya kuruvīrasya na vijñātaṃ vaco mayā | tanme dahati gātrāṇi tadakārṣītprajāgaram

"Today I could not learn what that hero of the Kurus has said. That is what burns my limbs; that is what has kept me awake."

Verse 11 (5.33.11)

जाग्रतो दह्यमानस्य श्रेयो यदनुपश्यसि । तद्ब्रूहि त्वं हि नस्तात धर्मार्थकुशलो ह्यसि ॥

jāgrato dahyamānasya śreyo yadanupaśyasi | tadbrūhi tvaṃ hi nastāta dharmārthakuśalo hyasi

"I lie awake, burning. Tell me what you see as good for me, dear Vidura, for you are skilled in dharma and in worldly affairs."

Note on the text: Corrected आग्रतो → जाग्रतो (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read जाग्रतो).

Verse 12 (5.33.12)

यतः प्राप्तः सञ्जयः पाण्डवेभ्यो । न मे यथावन्मनसः प्रशान्तिः । सर्वेन्द्रियाण्यप्रकृतिं गतानि । किं वक्ष्यतीत्येव मेऽद्य प्रचिन्ता ॥

yataḥ prāptaḥ sañjayaḥ pāṇḍavebhyo | na me yathāvanmanasaḥ praśāntiḥ | sarvendriyāṇyaprakṛtiṃ gatāni | kiṃ vakṣyatītyeva me'dya pracintā

"Since Sanjaya returned from the Pandavas my mind has had no real peace. All my senses have lost their natural state. Today my one worry is: what will he say?"

Verse 13 (5.33.13)

तन्मे ब्रूहि विदुर त्वं यथाव- । न्मनीषितं सर्वमजातशत्रोः । यथा च नस्तात हितं भवेच्च । प्रजाश्च सर्वाः सुखिता भवेयुः ॥

tanme brūhi vidura tvaṃ yathāva- | nmanīṣitaṃ sarvamajātaśatroḥ | yathā ca nastāta hitaṃ bhavecca | prajāśca sarvāḥ sukhitā bhaveyuḥ

"So tell me, Vidura, exactly what Ajatashatru has in mind, and how, my dear, things may turn out well for us and all the people may be happy."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension). Corrected यथा न नस्तात → यथा च नस्तात (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments reads यथा च नस्तात and the critical edition lacks this verse). Removed Wikisource's interpolation marks (` … ') around the verse.

Verse 14 (5.33.14)

अभियुक्तं बलवता दुर्बलं हीनसाधनम् । हृतस्वं कामिनं चोरमाविशन्ति प्रजागराः ॥

abhiyuktaṃ balavatā durbalaṃ hīnasādhanam | hṛtasvaṃ kāminaṃ coramāviśanti prajāgarāḥ

"Sleeplessness comes upon a weak man without resources who has been attacked by a stronger one, upon one whose wealth has been taken, upon the lustful, and upon the thief."

Verse 15 (5.33.15)

कच्चिदेतैर्महादोषैर्न स्पृष्टोऽसि नराधिप । कच्चिच्च परवित्तेषु गृद्ध्यन्न परितप्यसे ॥

kaccidetairmahādoṣairna spṛṣṭo'si narādhipa | kaccicca paravitteṣu gṛddhyanna paritapyase

"I hope, O ruler of men, that none of these great faults has touched you. I hope you are not tormented by coveting the wealth of others."

Verse 16 (5.33.16)

श्रोतुमिच्छामि ते धर्म्यं परं नैश्रेयसं वचः । अस्मिन्राजर्षिवंशे हि त्वमेकः प्राज्ञसंमतः ॥

śrotumicchāmi te dharmyaṃ paraṃ naiśreyasaṃ vacaḥ | asminrājarṣivaṃśe hi tvamekaḥ prājñasaṃmataḥ

"I wish to hear from you words that accord with dharma and lead to the highest good. In this line of royal sages, you alone are esteemed by the wise."

Note on the text: Corrected रादर्षिवंशे → राजर्षिवंशे (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read राजर्षिवंशे).

Verse 17 (5.33.17)

राजा लक्षणसंपन्नस्त्रैलोक्यस्याधिपो भवेत् । प्रेष्यस्ते प्रेषितश्चैव धृतराष्ट्र युधिष्ठिरः ॥

rājā lakṣaṇasaṃpannastrailokyasyādhipo bhavet | preṣyaste preṣitaścaiva dhṛtarāṣṭra yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

"Yudhishthira, who bears every mark of a king, is fit to be lord of the three worlds. He is your obedient servant, Dhritarashtra, and yet you sent him away."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension).

Verse 18 (5.33.18)

विपरीततरश्च त्वं भागधेये न संमतः । अर्चिषां प्रक्षयाच्चैव धर्मात्मा धर्मकोविदः ॥

viparītataraśca tvaṃ bhāgadheye na saṃmataḥ | arciṣāṃ prakṣayāccaiva dharmātmā dharmakovidaḥ

"You are quite the opposite. Though you are righteous and versed in dharma, you were not accepted as heir to the kingdom because you lack sight."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension).

Verse 19 (5.33.19)

आनृशंस्यादनुक्रोशाद्धर्मात्सत्यात्पराक्रमात् । गुरुत्वात्त्वयि संप्रेक्ष्य बहून्क्लेशांस्तितिक्षते ॥

ānṛśaṃsyādanukrośāddharmātsatyātparākramāt | gurutvāttvayi saṃprekṣya bahūnkleśāṃstitikṣate

"Out of gentleness, compassion, righteousness, truthfulness and strength, and out of regard for you as his elder, he looks to you and bears many hardships."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension).

Verse 20 (5.33.20)

दुर्योधने सौबले च कर्णे दुःशासने तथा । एतेष्वैश्वर्यमाधाय कथं त्वं भूतिमिच्छसि ॥

duryodhane saubale ca karṇe duḥśāsane tathā | eteṣvaiśvaryamādhāya kathaṃ tvaṃ bhūtimicchasi

"You have placed sovereignty in the hands of Duryodhana, Shakuni the son of Subala, Karna and Duhshasana. How can you hope for prosperity?"

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension).

Verse 21 (5.33.21)

आत्मज्ञानं समारम्भस्तितिक्षा धर्मनित्यता । यमर्थान्नापकर्षन्ति स वै पण्डित उच्यते ॥

ātmajñānaṃ samārambhastitikṣā dharmanityatā | yamarthānnāpakarṣanti sa vai paṇḍita ucyate

"He who has self-knowledge, the energy to begin, forbearance and constancy in dharma, and who is never drawn away from his true aims, is called wise."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension).

Verse 22 (5.33.22)

एकस्माद्वृक्षाद्यज्ञपात्राणि राज- । न्स्रुक्च द्रोणी पेठनीपीडने च । एतस्माद्राजन्ब्रुवतो मे निबोध । एकस्माद्वै जायतेऽसच्च सच्च ॥

ekasmādvṛkṣādyajñapātrāṇi rāja- | nsrukca droṇī peṭhanīpīḍane ca | etasmādrājanbruvato me nibodha | ekasmādvai jāyate'sacca sacca

"From one and the same tree, O king, come the vessels of sacrifice such as the ladle, and also the trough and the tools for pounding and pressing. Hear what I say, O king: from a single source arise both the bad and the good."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension). Corrected स्रुक्व → स्रुक्च (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments reads स्रुक्च and the critical edition lacks this verse). Removed Wikisource's interpolation marks (` … ') around the verse.

Verse 23 (5.33.23)

निषेवते प्रशस्तानि निन्दितानि न सेवते । अनास्तिकः श्रद्दधान एतत्पण्डितलक्षणम् ॥

niṣevate praśastāni ninditāni na sevate | anāstikaḥ śraddadhāna etatpaṇḍitalakṣaṇam

"He who practises what is praiseworthy and shuns what is blameworthy, who is no unbeliever and has faith: these are the marks of a wise man."

Verse 24 (5.33.24)

क्रोधो हर्षश्च दर्पश्च ह्रीः स्तम्भो मान्यमानिता । यमर्थान्नापकर्षन्ति स वै पण्डित उच्यते ॥

krodho harṣaśca darpaśca hrīḥ stambho mānyamānitā | yamarthānnāpakarṣanti sa vai paṇḍita ucyate

"He whom anger, elation, pride, shame, stubbornness and self-importance do not draw away from his aims is called wise."

Verse 25 (5.33.25)

यस्य कृत्यं न जानन्ति मन्त्रं वा मन्त्रितं परे । कृतमेवास्य जानन्ति स वै पण्डित उच्यते ॥

yasya kṛtyaṃ na jānanti mantraṃ vā mantritaṃ pare | kṛtamevāsya jānanti sa vai paṇḍita ucyate

"He whose intended work, counsel and decisions others do not know, and whose deeds they learn of only once they are done, is called wise."

Verse 26 (5.33.26)

यस्य कृत्यं न विघ्नन्ति शीतमुष्णं भयं रतिः । समृद्धिरसमृद्धिर्वा स वै पण्डित उच्यते ॥

yasya kṛtyaṃ na vighnanti śītamuṣṇaṃ bhayaṃ ratiḥ | samṛddhirasamṛddhirvā sa vai paṇḍita ucyate

"He whose work is not hindered by cold or heat, fear or attachment, prosperity or adversity is called wise."

Verse 27 (5.33.27)

यस्य संसारिणी प्रज्ञा धर्मार्थावनुवर्तते । कामादर्थं वृणीते यः स वै पण्डित उच्यते ॥

yasya saṃsāriṇī prajñā dharmārthāvanuvartate | kāmādarthaṃ vṛṇīte yaḥ sa vai paṇḍita ucyate

"He whose understanding, as he goes through the world, follows dharma and artha, and who chooses what is worthwhile over what is merely pleasant, is called wise."

Verse 28 (5.33.28)

यथाशक्ति चिकीर्षन्ति यथाशक्ति च कुर्वते । न किंचिदवमन्यन्ते नराः पण्डितबुद्धयः ॥

yathāśakti cikīrṣanti yathāśakti ca kurvate | na kiṃcidavamanyante narāḥ paṇḍitabuddhayaḥ

"Men of wise understanding wish to do only what is within their strength, and do only what is within their strength; they look down on nothing."

Note on the text: Corrected किंचिदवमन्यन्ते → न किंचिदवमन्यन्ते (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read न किंचिदवमन्यन्ते).

Verse 29 (5.33.29)

क्षिप्रं विजानाति चिरं शृणोति । विज्ञाय चार्थं भजते न कामात् । नासंपृष्टो ह्युपयुङ्क्ते परार्थे । तत्प्रज्ञानं प्रथमं पण्डितस्य ॥

kṣipraṃ vijānāti ciraṃ śṛṇoti | vijñāya cārthaṃ bhajate na kāmāt | nāsaṃpṛṣṭo hyupayuṅkte parārthe | tatprajñānaṃ prathamaṃ paṇḍitasya

"He grasps quickly and listens long; he acts on a matter once he has understood it, not out of desire; he does not meddle in others' affairs unasked. This is the first mark of a wise man's insight."

Note on the text: Corrected श्रृणोति → शृणोति (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read शृणोति).

Verse 30 (5.33.30)

नाप्राप्यमभिवाञ्छन्ति नष्टं नेच्छन्ति शोचितुम् । आपत्सु च न मुह्यन्ति नराः पण्डितबुद्धयः ॥

nāprāpyamabhivāñchanti naṣṭaṃ necchanti śocitum | āpatsu ca na muhyanti narāḥ paṇḍitabuddhayaḥ

"Men of wise understanding do not long for the unattainable, do not wish to grieve over what is lost, and are not bewildered in misfortune."

Verse 31 (5.33.31)

निश्चित्य यः प्रक्रमते नान्तर्वसति कर्मणः । अवन्ध्यकालो वश्यात्मा स वै पण्डित उच्यते ॥

niścitya yaḥ prakramate nāntarvasati karmaṇaḥ | avandhyakālo vaśyātmā sa vai paṇḍita ucyate

"He who first decides and then sets to work, who does not stop midway in a task, who lets no time go to waste and keeps himself under control, is called wise."

Verse 32 (5.33.32)

आर्यकर्मणि रज्यन्ते भूतिकर्माणि कुर्वते । हितं च नाभ्यसूयन्ति पण्डिता भरतर्षभ ॥

āryakarmaṇi rajyante bhūtikarmāṇi kurvate | hitaṃ ca nābhyasūyanti paṇḍitā bharatarṣabha

"The wise, O best of the Bharatas, delight in noble deeds, do what brings prosperity, and find no fault with what is beneficial."

Verse 33 (5.33.33)

न हृष्यत्यात्मसंमाने नावमानेन तप्यते । गाङ्गो ह्रद इवाक्षोभ्यो यः स पण्डित उच्यते ॥

na hṛṣyatyātmasaṃmāne nāvamānena tapyate | gāṅgo hrada ivākṣobhyo yaḥ sa paṇḍita ucyate

"He who is not elated when honoured nor pained when slighted, and who stays as undisturbed as a deep pool of the Ganga, is called wise."

Verse 34 (5.33.34)

तत्त्वज्ञः सर्वभूतानां योगज्ञः सर्वकर्मणाम् । उपायज्ञो मनुष्याणां नरः पण्डित उच्यते ॥

tattvajñaḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ yogajñaḥ sarvakarmaṇām | upāyajño manuṣyāṇāṃ naraḥ paṇḍita ucyate

"The man who knows the true nature of all beings, the right way of doing all actions, and the means of dealing with people is called wise."

Verse 35 (5.33.35)

प्रवृत्तवाक् चित्रकथ ऊहवान्प्रतिभानवान् । आशु ग्रन्थस्य वक्ता च यः स पण्डित उच्यते ॥

pravṛttavāk citrakatha ūhavānpratibhānavān | āśu granthasya vaktā ca yaḥ sa paṇḍita ucyate

"He who speaks fluently, talks well on many subjects, reasons soundly, has ready wit, and can quickly explain a text is called wise."

Verse 36 (5.33.36)

श्रुतं प्रज्ञानुगं यस्य प्रज्ञा चैव श्रुतानुगा । असंभिन्नार्यमर्यादः पण्डिताख्यां लभेत सः ॥

śrutaṃ prajñānugaṃ yasya prajñā caiva śrutānugā | asaṃbhinnāryamaryādaḥ paṇḍitākhyāṃ labheta saḥ

"He whose learning follows his understanding and whose understanding follows his learning, and who never breaks the bounds set by the noble, earns the name of wise."

Verse 37 (5.33.37)

अर्थं महान्तमासाद्य विद्यामैश्वर्यमेव च । विचरत्यसमुन्नद्धो यः स पण्डित उच्यते ॥

arthaṃ mahāntamāsādya vidyāmaiśvaryameva ca | vicaratyasamunnaddho yaḥ sa paṇḍita ucyate

"He who, having gained great wealth, learning and power, still moves about without arrogance is called wise."

Note on the text: Corrected विद्यामेश्वर्यमेव → विद्यामैश्वर्यमेव (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read विद्यामैश्वर्यम्). Removed Wikisource's interpolation marks (` … ') around the verse.

Verse 38 (5.33.38)

अश्रुतश्च समुन्नद्धो दरिद्रश्च महामनाः । अर्थांश्चाकर्मणा प्रेप्सुर्मूढ इत्युच्यते बुधैः ॥

aśrutaśca samunnaddho daridraśca mahāmanāḥ | arthāṃścākarmaṇā prepsurmūḍha ityucyate budhaiḥ

"One who is unlearned yet puffed up, poor yet high-minded, and who seeks wealth without working for it, is called a fool by the wise."

Verse 39 (5.33.39)

स्वमर्थं यः परित्यज्य परार्थमनुतिष्ठति । मिथ्या चरति मित्रार्थे यश्च मूढः स उच्यते ॥

svamarthaṃ yaḥ parityajya parārthamanutiṣṭhati | mithyā carati mitrārthe yaśca mūḍhaḥ sa ucyate

"He who neglects his own affairs to busy himself with another's, and who behaves falsely in matters concerning his friends, is called a fool."

Verse 40 (5.33.40)

अकामान्कामयति यः कामयानान्परित्यजेत् । बलवन्तं च यो द्वेष्टि तमाहुर्मूढचेतसम् ॥

akāmānkāmayati yaḥ kāmayānānparityajet | balavantaṃ ca yo dveṣṭi tamāhurmūḍhacetasam

"He who desires those who do not want him and casts off those who want him, and who bears enmity toward the powerful, is called foolish-minded."

Verse 41 (5.33.41)

अमित्रं कुरुते मित्रं मित्रं द्वेष्टि हिनस्ति च । कर्म चारभते दुष्टं तमाहुर्मूढचेतसम् ॥

amitraṃ kurute mitraṃ mitraṃ dveṣṭi hinasti ca | karma cārabhate duṣṭaṃ tamāhurmūḍhacetasam

"He who makes a friend of an enemy, hates and harms his friend, and takes up wicked deeds is called foolish-minded."

Verse 42 (5.33.42)

संसारयति कृत्यानि सर्वत्र विचिकित्सते । चिरं करोति क्षिप्रार्थे स मूढो भरतर्षभ ॥

saṃsārayati kṛtyāni sarvatra vicikitsate | ciraṃ karoti kṣiprārthe sa mūḍho bharatarṣabha

"He who drags out his tasks, doubts everything, and is slow over what needs to be done quickly is a fool, O best of the Bharatas."

Verse 43 (5.33.43)

श्राद्धं पितृभ्यो न ददाति दैवतानि न चार्चति । सुहृन्मित्रं न लभते तमाहुर्मूढचेतसम् ॥

śrāddhaṃ pitṛbhyo na dadāti daivatāni na cārcati | suhṛnmitraṃ na labhate tamāhurmūḍhacetasam

"He who does not offer shraddha to his ancestors, does not worship the gods, and wins no well-wisher or friend is called foolish-minded."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension).

Verse 44 (5.33.44)

अनाहूतः प्रविशति ह्यपृष्टो बहु भाषते । अविश्वस्ते विश्वसिति मूढचेता नराधमः ॥

anāhūtaḥ praviśati hyapṛṣṭo bahu bhāṣate | aviśvaste viśvasiti mūḍhacetā narādhamaḥ

"He enters without being invited, talks much without being asked, and trusts the untrustworthy: such a foolish-minded man is the lowest of men."

Verse 45 (5.33.45)

परं क्षिपति दोषेण वर्तमानः स्वयं तथा । यश्च क्रुध्यत्यनीशानः स च मूढतमो नरः ॥

paraṃ kṣipati doṣeṇa vartamānaḥ svayaṃ tathā | yaśca krudhyatyanīśānaḥ sa ca mūḍhatamo naraḥ

"He who blames another for a fault while committing it himself, and who flies into anger though he has no power, is the greatest fool of all."

Verse 46 (5.33.46)

आत्मनो बलमाज्ञाय धर्मार्थपरिवर्जितम् । अलभ्यमिच्छन्नैष्कर्म्यान्मूढबुद्धिरिहोच्यते ॥

ātmano balamājñāya dharmārthaparivarjitam | alabhyamicchannaiṣkarmyānmūḍhabuddhirihocyate

"He who, without weighing his own strength, seeks without effort what is beyond reach and contrary to dharma and artha, is called a fool in this world."

Verse 47 (5.33.47)

अशिष्यं शास्ति यो राजन्यश्च शिष्यं न शास्ति च । कदर्यं भजते यश्च तमाहुर्मूढचेतसम् ॥

aśiṣyaṃ śāsti yo rājanyaśca śiṣyaṃ na śāsti ca | kadaryaṃ bhajate yaśca tamāhurmūḍhacetasam

"He who instructs one unfit to be taught, O king, and does not teach one who should be taught, and who waits upon a miser, is called foolish-minded."

Verse 48 (5.33.48)

एकः संपन्नमाश्नाति वस्ते वासश्च शोभनम् । योऽसंविभज्य भृत्येभ्यः को नृशंसतरस्ततः ॥

ekaḥ saṃpannamāśnāti vaste vāsaśca śobhanam | yo'saṃvibhajya bhṛtyebhyaḥ ko nṛśaṃsatarastataḥ

"He who eats fine food alone and wears fine clothes without sharing with those who depend on him: who is crueller than he?"

Verse 49 (5.33.49)

एकः पापानि कुरुते फलं भुङ्क्ते महाजनः । भोक्तारो विप्रमुच्यन्ते कर्ता दोषेण लिप्यते ॥

ekaḥ pāpāni kurute phalaṃ bhuṅkte mahājanaḥ | bhoktāro vipramucyante kartā doṣeṇa lipyate

"One man commits sins and many enjoy the fruit. Those who enjoy it go free; the doer alone is stained by the guilt."

Verse 50 (5.33.50)

एकं हन्यान्न वा हन्यादिषुर्मुक्तो धनुष्मता । बुद्धिर्बुद्धिमतोत्सृष्टा हन्याद्राष्ट्रं सराजकम् ॥

ekaṃ hanyānna vā hanyādiṣurmukto dhanuṣmatā | buddhirbuddhimatotsṛṣṭā hanyādrāṣṭraṃ sarājakam

"An arrow loosed by a bowman may kill one man, or it may not; but a scheme let loose by a clever mind can destroy a kingdom together with its king."

Verse 51 (5.33.51)

एकया द्वे विनिश्चित्य त्रींश्चतुर्भिर्वशे कुरु । पञ्च जित्वा विदित्वा षट् सप्त हित्वा सुखी भव ॥

ekayā dve viniścitya trīṃścaturbhirvaśe kuru | pañca jitvā viditvā ṣaṭ sapta hitvā sukhī bhava

"With the one (your understanding) settle the two (what to do and what to avoid); with the four (conciliation, gifts, division and force) bring the three (friend, neutral and enemy) under your control; conquer the five (senses), know the six (measures of statecraft), give up the seven (vices), and be happy."

Note on the text: Corrected सुखी भवा → सुखी भव (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read भव).

Verse 52 (5.33.52)

एकं विषरसो हन्ति शस्त्रेणैकश्च वध्यते । सराष्ट्रं सप्रजं हन्ति राजानं मन्त्रविस्रवः ॥

ekaṃ viṣaraso hanti śastreṇaikaśca vadhyate | sarāṣṭraṃ saprajaṃ hanti rājānaṃ mantravisravaḥ

"Poison kills one person, and a weapon slays one; but the leaking of secret counsel destroys a king together with his kingdom and his people."

Note on the text: Corrected मन्त्रपिप्लवः → मन्त्रविस्रवः (misprint in Wikisource; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition both read मन्त्रविस्रवः).

Verse 53 (5.33.53)

एकः स्वादु न भुञ्जीत एकश्चार्थान्न चिन्तयेत् । एको न गच्छेदध्वानं नैकः सुप्तेषु जागृयात् ॥

ekaḥ svādu na bhuñjīta ekaścārthānna cintayet | eko na gacchedadhvānaṃ naikaḥ supteṣu jāgṛyāt

"One should not eat a delicacy alone, nor ponder weighty matters alone, nor travel a road alone, nor stay awake alone among those who sleep."

Verse 54 (5.33.54)

एकमेवाद्वितीयं तद्यद्राजन्नावबुध्यसे । सत्यं स्वर्गस्य सोपानं पारावारस्य नौरिव ॥

ekamevādvitīyaṃ tadyadrājannāvabudhyase | satyaṃ svargasya sopānaṃ pārāvārasya nauriva

"O king, that which you fail to understand is one alone, without a second: truth is the stairway to heaven, as a boat is the way across the sea."

Note on the text: Corrected स्वगस्य → स्वर्गस्य (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read स्वर्गस्य).

Verse 55 (5.33.55)

एकः क्षमावतां दोषो द्वितीयो नोपपद्यते । यदेनं क्षमया युक्तमशक्तं मन्यते जनः ॥

ekaḥ kṣamāvatāṃ doṣo dvitīyo nopapadyate | yadenaṃ kṣamayā yuktamaśaktaṃ manyate janaḥ

"Those who forgive have one fault, and no second: people take a forgiving man to be weak."

Verse 56 (5.33.56)

सोऽस्य दोषो न मन्तव्यः क्षमा हि परमं बलम् । क्षमा गुणो ह्यशक्तानां शक्तानां भूषणं क्षमा ॥

so'sya doṣo na mantavyaḥ kṣamā hi paramaṃ balam | kṣamā guṇo hyaśaktānāṃ śaktānāṃ bhūṣaṇaṃ kṣamā

"That should not be counted a fault in him, for forgiveness is the highest strength. Forgiveness is a virtue in the weak and an ornament in the strong."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension).

Verse 57 (5.33.57)

क्षमा वशीकृतिर्लोके क्षमया किं न साध्यते । शान्तिखड्गः करे यस्य किं करिष्यति दुर्जनः ॥

kṣamā vaśīkṛtirloke kṣamayā kiṃ na sādhyate | śāntikhaḍgaḥ kare yasya kiṃ kariṣyati durjanaḥ

"Forgiveness wins over the world; what can forgiveness not achieve? What can a wicked man do to one who holds the sword of peace in his hand?"

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension). Corrected वशीकृतीर्लोके → वशीकृतिर्लोके (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments reads वशीकृतिर्लोके and the critical edition lacks this verse). Corrected शान्तिखङ्गः → शान्तिखड्गः (misprint in Wikisource; खड्ग, "sword"; the printed ङ्ग is a misspelling).

Verse 58 (5.33.58)

अतृणे पतितो वह्निः स्वयमेवोपशाम्यति । अक्षमावान्परं दोषैरात्मानं चैव योजयेत् ॥

atṛṇe patito vahniḥ svayamevopaśāmyati | akṣamāvānparaṃ doṣairātmānaṃ caiva yojayet

"Fire that falls where there is no grass goes out by itself. The unforgiving man drags others, and himself as well, into faults."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension).

Verse 59 (5.33.59)

एको धर्मः परं श्रेयः क्षमैका शान्तिरुत्तमा । विद्यैका परमा तृप्तिरहिंसैका सुखावहा ॥

eko dharmaḥ paraṃ śreyaḥ kṣamaikā śāntiruttamā | vidyaikā paramā tṛptirahiṃsaikā sukhāvahā

"Dharma alone is the supreme good; forgiveness alone is the highest peace; knowledge alone is the supreme contentment; non-violence alone brings happiness."

Verse 60 (5.33.60)

द्वाविमौ ग्रसते भूमिः सर्पो बिलशयानिव । राजानं चाविरोद्धारं ब्राह्मणं चाप्रवासिनम् ॥

dvāvimau grasate bhūmiḥ sarpo bilaśayāniva | rājānaṃ cāviroddhāraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ cāpravāsinam

"The earth swallows these two, as a snake swallows creatures that live in holes: a king who does not fight, and a brahmin who never leaves home."

Note on the text: Corrected बलिशयानिव → बिलशयानिव (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read बिलशयान्).

Verse 61 (5.33.61)

द्वे कर्मणी नरः कुर्वन्नस्मिँल्लोके विरोचते । अब्रुवन्परुषं किंचिदसतोऽनर्चयंस्तथा ॥

dve karmaṇī naraḥ kurvannasmim̐lloke virocate | abruvanparuṣaṃ kiṃcidasato'narcayaṃstathā

"A man shines in this world by doing two things: speaking no harsh word, and paying no honour to the wicked."

Verse 62 (5.33.62)

द्वाविमौ पुरुषव्याघ्र परप्रत्ययकारिणौ । स्त्रियः कामितकामिन्यो मूर्खाः पूजितपूजकाः ॥

dvāvimau puruṣavyāghra parapratyayakāriṇau | striyaḥ kāmitakāminyo mūrkhāḥ pūjitapūjakāḥ

"These two, O tiger among men, act on the lead of others: women who desire whoever is desired by others, and fools who honour whoever is honoured by others."

Verse 63 (5.33.63)

द्वाविमौ कण्टकौ तीक्ष्णौ शरीरपरिशोषिणौ । यश्चाधनः कामयते यश्च कुप्यत्यनीश्वरः ॥

dvāvimau kaṇṭakau tīkṣṇau śarīrapariśoṣiṇau | yaścādhanaḥ kāmayate yaśca kupyatyanīśvaraḥ

"These two are sharp thorns that wither the body: a poor man who longs for things, and a powerless man who gets angry."

Verse 64 (5.33.64)

द्वावेव न विराजेते विपरीतेन कर्मणा । गृहस्थश्च निरारम्भः कार्यवांश्चैव भिक्षुकः ॥

dvāveva na virājete viparītena karmaṇā | gṛhasthaśca nirārambhaḥ kāryavāṃścaiva bhikṣukaḥ

"Two do not shine, because their conduct is the reverse of what it should be: a householder who undertakes no work, and a mendicant busy with worldly affairs."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension).

Verse 65 (5.33.65)

द्वाविमौ पुरुषौ राजन्स्वर्गस्योपरि तिष्ठतः । प्रभुश्च क्षमया युक्तो दरिद्रश्च प्रदानवान् ॥

dvāvimau puruṣau rājansvargasyopari tiṣṭhataḥ | prabhuśca kṣamayā yukto daridraśca pradānavān

"These two men, O king, stand above heaven: a man of power who forgives, and a poor man who gives."

Verse 66 (5.33.66)

न्यायागतस्य द्रव्यस्य बोद्धव्यौ द्वावतिक्रमौ । अपात्रे प्रतिपत्तिश्च पात्रे चाप्रतिपादनम् ॥

nyāyāgatasya dravyasya boddhavyau dvāvatikramau | apātre pratipattiśca pātre cāpratipādanam

"Two misuses of honestly acquired wealth should be recognised: giving it to the unworthy, and not giving it to the worthy."

Note on the text: Corrected चात्प्रतिपादनम् → चाप्रतिपादनम् (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read चाप्रतिपादनम्).

Verse 67 (5.33.67)

द्वावम्भसि निवेष्टव्यौ गले बद्ध्वा दृढां शिलाम् । धनवन्तमदातारं दरिद्रं चातपस्विनम् ॥

dvāvambhasi niveṣṭavyau gale baddhvā dṛḍhāṃ śilām | dhanavantamadātāraṃ daridraṃ cātapasvinam

"These two should be cast into the water with a heavy stone tied firmly to their necks: a rich man who does not give, and a poor man who does not practise austerity."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension). Corrected द्वावभ्यसि → द्वावम्भसि (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments reads द्वावम्भसि and the critical edition lacks this verse). Corrected बध्वा → बद्ध्वा (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments reads बद्ध्वा and the critical edition lacks this verse).

Verse 68 (5.33.68)

द्वाविमौ पुरुषव्याघ्र सूर्यमण्डलभेदिनौ । परिव्राड्योगयुक्तश्च रणे चाभिमुखो हतः ॥

dvāvimau puruṣavyāghra sūryamaṇḍalabhedinau | parivrāḍyogayuktaśca raṇe cābhimukho hataḥ

"These two, O tiger among men, pierce through the orb of the sun: the wandering ascetic absorbed in yoga, and the warrior slain in battle facing the foe."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension).

Verse 69 (5.33.69)

त्रयो न्याया मनुष्याणां श्रूयन्ते भरतर्षभ । कनीयान्मध्यमः श्रेष्ठ इति वेदविदो विदुः ॥

trayo nyāyā manuṣyāṇāṃ śrūyante bharatarṣabha | kanīyānmadhyamaḥ śreṣṭha iti vedavido viduḥ

"Three kinds of means are known among men, O best of the Bharatas: the lowest, the middling and the best. So say those who know the Vedas."

Verse 70 (5.33.70)

त्रिविधाः पुरुषा राजन्नुत्तमाधममध्यमाः । नियोजयेद्यथावत्तांस्त्रिविधेष्वेव कर्मसु ॥

trividhāḥ puruṣā rājannuttamādhamamadhyamāḥ | niyojayedyathāvattāṃstrividheṣveva karmasu

"Men are of three kinds, O king: the best, the worst and the middling. One should employ each of them in the kind of work that suits him."

Verse 71 (5.33.71)

त्रय एवाधना राजन्भार्या दासस्तथा सुतः । यत्ते समधिगच्छन्ति यस्यैते तस्य तद्धनम् ॥

traya evādhanā rājanbhāryā dāsastathā sutaḥ | yatte samadhigacchanti yasyaite tasya taddhanam

"Three, O king, own no wealth of their own: a wife, a servant and a son. Whatever they earn belongs to the one to whom they belong."

Verse 72 (5.33.72)

हरणं च परस्वानां परदाराभिमर्शनम् । सुहृदश्च परित्यागस्त्रयो दोषाः क्षयावहाः ॥

haraṇaṃ ca parasvānāṃ paradārābhimarśanam | suhṛdaśca parityāgastrayo doṣāḥ kṣayāvahāḥ

"Taking what belongs to others, assaulting another man's wife, and deserting a friend: these three faults bring ruin."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension).

Verse 73 (5.33.73)

त्रिविधं नरकस्येदं द्वारं नाशनमात्मनः । कामः क्रोधस्तथा लोभस्तस्मादेतत्त्रयं त्यजेत् ॥

trividhaṃ narakasyedaṃ dvāraṃ nāśanamātmanaḥ | kāmaḥ krodhastathā lobhastasmādetattrayaṃ tyajet

"This gate of hell, which destroys the self, is threefold: desire, anger and greed. Therefore one should give up these three."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension). Corrected तस्मादेतत्रयं → तस्मादेतत्त्रयं (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments reads एतत्त्रयं and the critical edition lacks this verse).

Verse 74 (5.33.74)

वरप्रदानं राज्यं च पुत्रजन्म च भारत । शत्रोश्च मोक्षणं कृच्छ्रात्त्रीणि चैकं च तत्समम् ॥

varapradānaṃ rājyaṃ ca putrajanma ca bhārata | śatrośca mokṣaṇaṃ kṛcchrāttrīṇi caikaṃ ca tatsamam

"Receiving a boon, gaining a kingdom and the birth of a son, O Bharata: these three on one side, and on the other one thing equal to them, freeing an enemy from distress."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension). Corrected कृच्छ्रात्रीणि → कृच्छ्रात्त्रीणि (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments reads कृच्छ्रात्त्रीणि and the critical edition lacks this verse).

Verse 75 (5.33.75)

भक्तं च भजमानं च तवास्मीति च वादिनम् । त्रीनेताञ्छरणं प्राप्तान्विषमेऽपि न सन्त्यजेत् ॥

bhaktaṃ ca bhajamānaṃ ca tavāsmīti ca vādinam | trīnetāñcharaṇaṃ prāptānviṣame'pi na santyajet

"The devoted, the one who serves you, and the one who says 'I am yours': when these three come to you for refuge, do not forsake them even in hard times."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension). Corrected कन सन्त्यजेत् → न सन्त्यजेत् (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments reads न सन्त्यजेत् and the critical edition lacks this verse).

Verse 76 (5.33.76)

चत्वारि राज्ञा तु महाबलेन । वर्ज्यान्याहुः पण्डितस्तानि विद्यात् । अल्पप्रज्ञैः सह मन्त्रं न कुर्या- । न्न दीर्घसूत्रैरलसैश्चारणैश्च ॥

catvāri rājñā tu mahābalena | varjyānyāhuḥ paṇḍitastāni vidyāt | alpaprajñaiḥ saha mantraṃ na kuryā- | nna dīrghasūtrairalasaiścāraṇaiśca

"Four things, it is said, a king of great power must avoid, and a wise man should know them: he should not take counsel with men of little understanding, nor with those who procrastinate, nor with the lazy, nor with flatterers."

Verse 77 (5.33.77)

चत्वारि ते तात गृहे वसन्तु । श्रियाऽभिजुष्टस्य गृहस्थधर्मे । वृद्धो ज्ञातिरवसन्नः कुलीनः । सखा दरिद्रो भगिनी चानपत्या ॥

catvāri te tāta gṛhe vasantu | śriyā'bhijuṣṭasya gṛhasthadharme | vṛddho jñātiravasannaḥ kulīnaḥ | sakhā daridro bhaginī cānapatyā

"Dear one, now that you are blessed with fortune and live by a householder's dharma, let four people dwell in your house: an aged kinsman, a man of good family fallen on hard times, a poor friend, and a sister who has no children."

Note on the text: Corrected चतवारि → चत्वारि (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read चत्वारि).

Verse 78 (5.33.78)

चत्वार्याह महाराज साद्यस्कानि बृहस्पतिः । पृच्छते त्रिदशेन्द्राय तानीमानि निबोध मे ॥

catvāryāha mahārāja sādyaskāni bṛhaspatiḥ | pṛcchate tridaśendrāya tānīmāni nibodha me

"Great king, when the lord of the gods asked him, Brihaspati named four things that bear fruit at once. Learn them from me."

Verse 79 (5.33.79)

देवतानां च सङ्कल्पमनुभावं च धीमताम् । विनयं कृतविद्यानां विनाशं पापकर्मणाम् ॥

devatānāṃ ca saṅkalpamanubhāvaṃ ca dhīmatām | vinayaṃ kṛtavidyānāṃ vināśaṃ pāpakarmaṇām

"The resolve of the gods, the power of the wise, the humility of the learned, and the destruction of evil-doers."

Verse 80 (5.33.80)

चत्वारि कर्माण्यभयंकराणि । भयं प्रयच्छन्त्ययथाकृतानि । मानाग्निहोत्रमुत मानमौनं । मानेनाधीतमुत मानयज्ञः ॥

catvāri karmāṇyabhayaṃkarāṇi | bhayaṃ prayacchantyayathākṛtāni | mānāgnihotramuta mānamaunaṃ | mānenādhītamuta mānayajñaḥ

"Four acts that dispel fear bring fear when done the wrong way: the fire offering performed out of vanity, silence kept out of vanity, study pursued out of vanity, and sacrifice performed out of vanity."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension).

Verse 81 (5.33.81)

पञ्चाग्नयो मनुष्येण परिचर्याः प्रयत्नतः । पिता माताग्निरात्मा च गुरुश्च भरतर्षभ ॥

pañcāgnayo manuṣyeṇa paricaryāḥ prayatnataḥ | pitā mātāgnirātmā ca guruśca bharatarṣabha

"Five fires, O best of the Bharatas, should be tended by a man with care: his father, his mother, the sacred fire, his own self and his teacher."

Verse 82 (5.33.82)

पञ्चैव पूजयँल्लोके यशः प्राप्नोति केवलम् । देवान्पितॄन्मनुष्यांश्च भिक्षूनतिथिपञ्चमान् ॥

pañcaiva pūjayam̐lloke yaśaḥ prāpnoti kevalam | devānpitṝnmanuṣyāṃśca bhikṣūnatithipañcamān

"By honouring five in this world a man wins unmixed renown: the gods, the ancestors, men, mendicants, and guests as the fifth."

Verse 83 (5.33.83)

पञ्च त्वाऽनुगमिष्यन्ति यत्र यत्र गमिष्यसि । मित्राण्यमित्रा मध्यस्था उपजीव्योपजीविनः ॥

pañca tvā'nugamiṣyanti yatra yatra gamiṣyasi | mitrāṇyamitrā madhyasthā upajīvyopajīvinaḥ

"Five will follow you wherever you go: friends, enemies, the neutral, those you depend on, and those who depend on you."

Verse 84 (5.33.84)

पञ्चेन्द्रियस्य मर्त्यस्य छिद्रं चेदेकमिन्द्रियम् । ततोऽस्य स्रवति प्रज्ञा दृतेः पात्रादिवोदकम् ॥

pañcendriyasya martyasya chidraṃ cedekamindriyam | tato'sya sravati prajñā dṛteḥ pātrādivodakam

"If even one of a mortal's five senses springs a leak, his understanding drains out through it like water from a leather bag."

Verse 85 (5.33.85)

षड्दोषाः पुरुषेणेह हातव्या भूतिमिच्छता । निद्रा तन्द्री भयं क्रोध आलस्यं दीर्घसूत्रता ॥

ṣaḍdoṣāḥ puruṣeṇeha hātavyā bhūtimicchatā | nidrā tandrī bhayaṃ krodha ālasyaṃ dīrghasūtratā

"A man who seeks prosperity in this world should give up six faults: sleep, drowsiness, fear, anger, laziness and procrastination."

Verse 86 (5.33.86)

षडिमान्पुरुषो जह्याद्भिन्नां नावमिवार्णवे । अप्रवक्तारमाचार्यमनधीयानमृत्विजम् ॥

ṣaḍimānpuruṣo jahyādbhinnāṃ nāvamivārṇave | apravaktāramācāryamanadhīyānamṛtvijam

"A man should abandon these six, as one abandons a leaking boat at sea: a teacher who does not explain, a priest who has not studied,

Verse 87 (5.33.87)

अरक्षितारं राजानं भार्यां चाप्रियवादिनीम् । ग्रामकामं च गोपालं वनकामं च नापितम् ॥

arakṣitāraṃ rājānaṃ bhāryāṃ cāpriyavādinīm | grāmakāmaṃ ca gopālaṃ vanakāmaṃ ca nāpitam

a king who does not protect, a wife who speaks unkindly, a cowherd who wants to live in the village, and a barber who wants to live in the forest."

Verse 88 (5.33.88)

षडेव तु गुणाः पुंसा न हातव्याः कदाचन । सत्यं दानमनालस्यमनसूया क्षमा धृतिः ॥

ṣaḍeva tu guṇāḥ puṃsā na hātavyāḥ kadācana | satyaṃ dānamanālasyamanasūyā kṣamā dhṛtiḥ

"A man should never give up these six virtues: truthfulness, generosity, diligence, freedom from envy, forgiveness and steadfastness."

Verse 89 (5.33.89)

अर्थागमो नित्यमरोगिता च । प्रिया च भार्या प्रियवादिनी च । वश्यश्च पुत्रोऽर्थकरी च विद्या । षड्जीवलोकस्य सुखानि राजन् ॥

arthāgamo nityamarogitā ca | priyā ca bhāryā priyavādinī ca | vaśyaśca putro'rthakarī ca vidyā | ṣaḍjīvalokasya sukhāni rājan

"A steady income, constant good health, a wife who is dear, and one who speaks kindly, an obedient son, and learning that brings wealth: these six, O king, are the joys of the world of the living."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension).

Verse 90 (5.33.90)

षण्णामात्मनि नित्यानामैश्वर्यं योऽधिगच्छति । न स पापैः कुतोऽनर्थैर्युज्यते विजितेन्द्रियः ॥

ṣaṇṇāmātmani nityānāmaiśvaryaṃ yo'dhigacchati | na sa pāpaiḥ kuto'narthairyujyate vijitendriyaḥ

"He who gains mastery over the six that always dwell within him, and has conquered his senses, is not touched by sins, still less by misfortunes."

Verse 91 (5.33.91)

षडिमे षट्सु जीवन्ति सप्तमो नोपलभ्यते । चोराः प्रमत्ते जीवन्ति व्याधितेषु चिकित्सकाः ॥

ṣaḍime ṣaṭsu jīvanti saptamo nopalabhyate | corāḥ pramatte jīvanti vyādhiteṣu cikitsakāḥ

"These six live off six others; a seventh is not found: thieves live off the careless, physicians off the sick,

Verse 92 (5.33.92)

प्रमदाः कामयानेषु यजमानेषु याजकाः । राजा विवदमानेषु नित्यं मूर्खेषु पण्डिताः ॥

pramadāḥ kāmayāneṣu yajamāneṣu yājakāḥ | rājā vivadamāneṣu nityaṃ mūrkheṣu paṇḍitāḥ

women off those who desire them, priests off those who sacrifice, the king off those who quarrel, and the learned always off fools."

Verse 93 (5.33.93)

षडिमानि विनश्यन्ति मुहूर्तमनवेक्षणात् । गावः सेवा कृषिर्भार्या विद्या वृषलसङ्गतिः ॥

ṣaḍimāni vinaśyanti muhūrtamanavekṣaṇāt | gāvaḥ sevā kṛṣirbhāryā vidyā vṛṣalasaṅgatiḥ

"Six things perish if neglected even for a moment: cows, service, farming, a wife, learning, and one's dealings with a shudra."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension).

Verse 94 (5.33.94)

षडेते ह्यवमन्यन्ते नित्यं पूर्वोपकारिणम् । आचार्यं शिक्षिताः शिष्याः कृतदाराश्च मातरं ॥

ṣaḍete hyavamanyante nityaṃ pūrvopakāriṇam | ācāryaṃ śikṣitāḥ śiṣyāḥ kṛtadārāśca mātaraṃ

"These six always slight the one who helped them before: pupils, once taught, slight their teacher; married sons, their mother;

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension).

Verse 95 (5.33.95)

नारीं विगतकामास्तु कृतार्थाश्च प्रयोजकम् । नावं निस्तीर्णकान्तारा नातुराश्च चिकित्सकं ॥

nārīṃ vigatakāmāstu kṛtārthāśca prayojakam | nāvaṃ nistīrṇakāntārā nāturāśca cikitsakaṃ

men whose desire is spent, a woman; those whose purpose is achieved, the one who helped them; those who have crossed the wild waters, the boat; and those who are cured, the physician."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension).

Verse 96 (5.33.96)

आरोग्यमानृण्यमविप्रवासः । सद्भिर्मनुष्यैः सह संप्रयोगः । स्वप्रत्यया वृत्तिरभीतवासः । षट् जीवलोकस्य सुखानि राजन् ॥

ārogyamānṛṇyamavipravāsaḥ | sadbhirmanuṣyaiḥ saha saṃprayogaḥ | svapratyayā vṛttirabhītavāsaḥ | ṣaṭ jīvalokasya sukhāni rājan

"Health, freedom from debt, not living away from home, the company of good people, a livelihood that depends on oneself, and living without fear: these six, O king, are the joys of the world of the living."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension).

Verse 97 (5.33.97)

ईर्षुर्घृणी नसन्तुष्टः क्रोधनो नित्यशङ्कितः । परभाग्योपजीवी च षडेते नित्यदुःखिताः ॥

īrṣurghṛṇī nasantuṣṭaḥ krodhano nityaśaṅkitaḥ | parabhāgyopajīvī ca ṣaḍete nityaduḥkhitāḥ

"The envious, the fastidious, the discontented, the quick-tempered, the ever-suspicious, and one who lives on another's fortune: these six are always unhappy."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension). Corrected ईर्षुर्धृणी → ईर्षुर्घृणी (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments reads घृणी and the critical edition lacks this verse).

Verse 98 (5.33.98)

सप्त दोषाः सदा राज्ञा हातव्या व्यसनोदयाः । प्रायशो यैर्विनश्यन्ति कृतमूला अपीश्वराः ॥

sapta doṣāḥ sadā rājñā hātavyā vyasanodayāḥ | prāyaśo yairvinaśyanti kṛtamūlā apīśvarāḥ

"A king should always give up seven faults that give rise to calamity; through them even rulers who are firmly rooted are, as a rule, destroyed."

Verse 99 (5.33.99)

स्त्रियोऽक्षा मृगया पानं वाक्पारुष्यं च पञ्चमम् । महच्च दण्डपारुष्यमर्थदूषणमेव च ॥

striyo'kṣā mṛgayā pānaṃ vākpāruṣyaṃ ca pañcamam | mahacca daṇḍapāruṣyamarthadūṣaṇameva ca

"Women, dice, hunting, drink, and harshness of speech as the fifth; great harshness in punishment; and the misuse of wealth."

Verse 100 (5.33.100)

अष्टौ पूर्वनिमित्तानि नरस्य विनशिष्यतः । ब्राह्मणान्प्रथमं द्वेष्टि ब्राह्मणैश्च विरुध्यते ॥

aṣṭau pūrvanimittāni narasya vinaśiṣyataḥ | brāhmaṇānprathamaṃ dveṣṭi brāhmaṇaiśca virudhyate

"There are eight signs that come before a man's ruin: first he hates brahmins, then he quarrels with brahmins,

Verse 101 (5.33.101)

ब्राह्मणस्वानि चादत्ते ब्राह्मणांश्च जिघांसति । रमते निन्दया चैषां प्रशंसां नाभिनन्दति ॥

brāhmaṇasvāni cādatte brāhmaṇāṃśca jighāṃsati | ramate nindayā caiṣāṃ praśaṃsāṃ nābhinandati

he seizes the property of brahmins, seeks to kill brahmins, delights in reviling them, takes no pleasure in their praise,

Verse 102 (5.33.102)

नैनान्स्मरति कृत्येषु याचितश्चाभ्यसूयति । एतान्दोषान्नरः प्राज्ञो बुद्ध्या बुद्ध्वा विसर्जयेत् ॥

nainānsmarati kṛtyeṣu yācitaścābhyasūyati | etāndoṣānnaraḥ prājño buddhyā buddhvā visarjayet

does not remember them on occasions of rites, and resents them when they ask for something. A wise man should recognise these faults with his understanding and cast them off."

Note on the text: Corrected बुध्वा → बुद्ध्वा (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read बुद्ध्वा).

Verse 103 (5.33.103)

अष्टाविमानि हर्षस्य नवनीतानि भारत । वर्तमानानि दृश्यन्ते तान्येव स्वसुखान्यपि ॥

aṣṭāvimāni harṣasya navanītāni bhārata | vartamānāni dṛśyante tānyeva svasukhānyapi

"These eight, O Bharata, are the fresh butter of joy. They are seen to come about in this life, and they also bring happiness of one's own."

Verse 104 (5.33.104)

समागमश्च सखिभिर्महांश्चैव धनागमः । पुत्रेण च परिष्वङ्गः सन्निपातश्च मैथुने ॥

samāgamaśca sakhibhirmahāṃścaiva dhanāgamaḥ | putreṇa ca pariṣvaṅgaḥ sannipātaśca maithune

"Meeting with friends, a great gain of wealth, being embraced by one's son, the union of love,

Verse 105 (5.33.105)

समये च प्रियालापः स्वयूथ्येषु समुन्नतिः । अभिप्रेतस्य लाभश्च पूजा च जनसंसदि ॥

samaye ca priyālāpaḥ svayūthyeṣu samunnatiḥ | abhipretasya lābhaśca pūjā ca janasaṃsadi

pleasant talk at the right time, rising in standing among one's own people, gaining what one wished for, and honour in the assembly of men."

Verse 106 (5.33.106)

अष्टौ गुणाः पुरुषं दीपयन्ति । प्रज्ञा च कौल्यं च दमः श्रुतं च । पराक्रमश्चाबहुभाषिता च । दानं यथाशक्ति कृतज्ञता च ॥

aṣṭau guṇāḥ puruṣaṃ dīpayanti | prajñā ca kaulyaṃ ca damaḥ śrutaṃ ca | parākramaścābahubhāṣitā ca | dānaṃ yathāśakti kṛtajñatā ca

"Eight qualities make a man shine: wisdom, good family, self-control, learning, valour, speaking little, giving according to one's means, and gratitude."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension). Corrected गुमाः → गुणाः (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments reads गुणाः and the critical edition lacks this verse).

Verse 107 (5.33.107)

नवद्वारमिदं वेश्म त्रिस्थूणं पञ्चसाक्षिकम् । क्षेत्रज्ञाधिष्ठितं विद्वान्यो वेद स परः कविः ॥

navadvāramidaṃ veśma tristhūṇaṃ pañcasākṣikam | kṣetrajñādhiṣṭhitaṃ vidvānyo veda sa paraḥ kaviḥ

"This dwelling has nine doors, three pillars and five witnesses, and the knower of the field presides over it. The learned man who knows it is the supreme seer."

Verse 108 (5.33.108)

दश धर्मं न जानन्ति धृतराष्ट्र निबोध तान् । मत्तः प्रमत्त उन्मत्तः श्रान्तः क्रुद्धो बुभुक्षितः ॥

daśa dharmaṃ na jānanti dhṛtarāṣṭra nibodha tān | mattaḥ pramatta unmattaḥ śrāntaḥ kruddho bubhukṣitaḥ

"Ten do not know dharma, Dhritarashtra; learn who they are: the drunk, the careless, the deranged, the exhausted, the angry, the hungry,

Verse 109 (5.33.109)

त्वरमाणश्च लुब्धश्च भीतः कामी च ते दश । तस्मादेतेषु भावेषु न प्रसञ्जेत पण्डितः ॥

tvaramāṇaśca lubdhaśca bhītaḥ kāmī ca te daśa | tasmādeteṣu bhāveṣu na prasañjeta paṇḍitaḥ

the hasty, the greedy, the frightened and the lustful: these are the ten. Therefore a wise man should not get caught up in these states."

Verse 110 (5.33.110)

अत्रैवोदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् । पुत्रार्थमसुरेन्द्रेण गीतं चैव सुधन्वना ॥

atraivodāharantīmamitihāsaṃ purātanam | putrārthamasurendreṇa gītaṃ caiva sudhanvanā

"On this they relate an ancient tale, sung by the lord of the asuras for the sake of his son, and also by Sudhanvan."

Verse 111 (5.33.111)

यः काममन्यू प्रजहाति राजा । पात्रे प्रतिष्ठापयते धनं च । विशेषविच्छ्रुतवान्क्षिप्रकारी । तं सर्वलोकः कुरुते प्रमाणम् ॥

yaḥ kāmamanyū prajahāti rājā | pātre pratiṣṭhāpayate dhanaṃ ca | viśeṣavicchrutavānkṣiprakārī | taṃ sarvalokaḥ kurute pramāṇam

"The king who casts off desire and anger, bestows wealth on the worthy, discerns differences, is learned and acts swiftly, is taken by all people as their measure."

Verse 112 (5.33.112)

जानाति विश्वासयितुं मनुष्यान् । विज्ञातदोषेषु दधाति दण्डम् । जानाति मात्रां च तथा क्षमां च । तं तादृशं श्रीर्जुषते समग्रा ॥

jānāti viśvāsayituṃ manuṣyān | vijñātadoṣeṣu dadhāti daṇḍam | jānāti mātrāṃ ca tathā kṣamāṃ ca | taṃ tādṛśaṃ śrīrjuṣate samagrā

"He knows how to win men's trust, punishes only those whose guilt is known, and knows both due measure and forgiveness: fortune in all her fullness attends such a man."

Verse 113 (5.33.113)

सुदुर्बलं नावजानाति कंचि- । द्युक्तो रिपुं सेवते बुद्धिपूर्वम् । न विग्रहं रोचयते बलस्थैः । काले च यो विक्रमते स धीरः ॥

sudurbalaṃ nāvajānāti kaṃci- | dyukto ripuṃ sevate buddhipūrvam | na vigrahaṃ rocayate balasthaiḥ | kāle ca yo vikramate sa dhīraḥ

"He who looks down on no one, however weak; who deals with an enemy watchfully and with forethought; who does not seek conflict with the strong, and who shows his valour at the right time, is steadfast."

Verse 114 (5.33.114)

प्राप्यापदं न व्यथते कदाचि- । दुद्योगमन्विच्छति चाप्रमत्तः । दुःखं च काले सहते महात्मा । धुरन्धरस्तस्य जिताः सपत्नाः ॥

prāpyāpadaṃ na vyathate kadāci- | dudyogamanvicchati cāpramattaḥ | duḥkhaṃ ca kāle sahate mahātmā | dhurandharastasya jitāḥ sapatnāḥ

"The great-souled man who is never shaken when misfortune comes, who watchfully keeps to his effort, and who bears suffering when its time comes, is the best of burden-bearers; his rivals are already beaten."

Note on the text: Corrected प्राप्याप.. → प्राप्यापदं (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read प्राप्यापदं). Corrected दुद्योगमान्वच्छति → दुद्योगमन्विच्छति (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read उद्योगमन्विच्छति).

Verse 115 (5.33.115)

अनर्थकं विप्रवासं गृहेभ्यः । पापैः सन्धिं परदाराभिमर्शम् । दम्भं स्तैन्यं पैशुनं मद्यपानं । न सेवते यः स सुखी सदैव ॥

anarthakaṃ vipravāsaṃ gṛhebhyaḥ | pāpaiḥ sandhiṃ paradārābhimarśam | dambhaṃ stainyaṃ paiśunaṃ madyapānaṃ | na sevate yaḥ sa sukhī sadaiva

"He who does not indulge in needless absence from home, alliance with the wicked, approaching another's wife, hypocrisy, theft, slander and drinking, is always happy."

Note on the text: Corrected मद्यमानं → मद्यपानं (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read मद्यपानं).

Verse 116 (5.33.116)

न संरम्भेणारभते त्रिवर्ग- । माकारितः शंसति तत्त्वमेव । न मित्रार्थे रोचयते विवादं । नापूजितः कुप्यति चाप्यमूढः ॥

na saṃrambheṇārabhate trivarga- | mākāritaḥ śaṃsati tattvameva | na mitrārthe rocayate vivādaṃ | nāpūjitaḥ kupyati cāpyamūḍhaḥ

"He does not pursue the three aims of life in a fit of passion; when asked, he states only the truth; he does not welcome a quarrel even for a friend's sake; he is not angered when not honoured. Such a man is no fool."

Verse 117 (5.33.117)

न योऽभ्यसूयत्यनुकम्पते च । न दुर्बलः प्रातिभाव्यं करोति । नात्याह किंचित्क्षमते विवादं । सर्वत्र तादृग्लभते प्रशंसाम् ॥

na yo'bhyasūyatyanukampate ca | na durbalaḥ prātibhāvyaṃ karoti | nātyāha kiṃcitkṣamate vivādaṃ | sarvatra tādṛglabhate praśaṃsām

"He who finds no fault in others and shows compassion, who, being weak, does not stand surety for anyone, who says nothing excessive and puts up with disputes, wins praise everywhere."

Note on the text: Corrected योऽभ्यसूयत्सयनुकम्पते → योऽभ्यसूयत्यनुकम्पते (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read अभ्यसूयत्यनुकम्पते).

Verse 118 (5.33.118)

यो नोद्धतं कुरुते जातु वेषं । न पौरुषेणापि विकत्थतेऽन्यान् । न मूर्च्छितः कटुकान्याह किंचि- । त्प्रियं सदा तं कुरुते जनो हि ॥

yo noddhataṃ kurute jātu veṣaṃ | na pauruṣeṇāpi vikatthate'nyān | na mūrcchitaḥ kaṭukānyāha kiṃci- | tpriyaṃ sadā taṃ kurute jano hi

"He who never dresses in a showy way, does not boast to others even of his own valour, and says nothing bitter even when provoked: people always hold such a man dear."

Verse 119 (5.33.119)

न वैरमुद्दीपयति प्रशान्तं । न दर्पमारोहति शान्तिमेति । न दुर्गतोऽस्मीति करोत्यकार्यं । तमार्यशीलं परमाहुरार्याः ॥

na vairamuddīpayati praśāntaṃ | na darpamārohati śāntimeti | na durgato'smīti karotyakāryaṃ | tamāryaśīlaṃ paramāhurāryāḥ

"He who does not rekindle an enmity that has died down, does not mount the high horse of pride but comes to calm, and does not do wrong on the plea 'I am in distress': the noble call him supremely noble in conduct."

Note on the text: Corrected वैरमुद्दिपयति → वैरमुद्दीपयति (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read उद्दीपयति).

Verse 120 (5.33.120)

न स्वे सुखे वै कुरुते प्रहर्षं । नान्यस्य दुःखे भवति प्रहृष्टः । दत्त्वा न पश्चात्कुरुतेऽनुतापं । स कथ्यते सत्पुरुषार्यशीलः ॥

na sve sukhe vai kurute praharṣaṃ | nānyasya duḥkhe bhavati prahṛṣṭaḥ | dattvā na paścātkurute'nutāpaṃ | sa kathyate satpuruṣāryaśīlaḥ

"He who does not exult over his own happiness, nor take delight in another's sorrow, and who does not regret what he has given, is called a good man of noble conduct."

Verse 121 (5.33.121)

देशाचारान्समयाञ्जातिधर्मान् । बुभूषते यः स परावरज्ञः । स यत्र तत्राभिगतः सदैव । महाजनस्याधिपत्यं करोति ॥

deśācārānsamayāñjātidharmān | bubhūṣate yaḥ sa parāvarajñaḥ | sa yatra tatrābhigataḥ sadaiva | mahājanasyādhipatyaṃ karoti

"He who seeks to master the customs of different lands, the conventions of communities and the duties of each caste knows the high and the low. Wherever he goes, he always wins leadership over the people."

Verse 122 (5.33.122)

दम्भं मोहं मत्सरं पापकृत्यं । राजद्विष्टं पैशुनं पूगवैरम् । मत्तोन्मत्तैर्दुर्जनैश्चापि वादं । यः प्रज्ञावान्वर्जयेत्स प्रधानः ॥

dambhaṃ mohaṃ matsaraṃ pāpakṛtyaṃ | rājadviṣṭaṃ paiśunaṃ pūgavairam | mattonmattairdurjanaiścāpi vādaṃ | yaḥ prajñāvānvarjayetsa pradhānaḥ

"Hypocrisy, delusion, envy, sinful deeds, hostility to the king, slander, feuds with groups, and quarrels with drunkards, madmen and the wicked: the wise man who avoids these is the foremost."

Verse 123 (5.33.123)

दमं शौचं दैविकं मङ्गलानि । प्रायश्चित्तान्विविधाँल्लोकवादान् । एतानि यः कुरुते नैत्यकानि । तस्योत्थानं देवता राधयन्ति ॥

damaṃ śaucaṃ daivikaṃ maṅgalāni | prāyaścittānvividhām̐llokavādān | etāni yaḥ kurute naityakāni | tasyotthānaṃ devatā rādhayanti

"Self-restraint, purity, rites to the gods, auspicious observances, the various expiations and the customs of the world: the gods favour the rise of one who performs these daily duties."

Verse 124 (5.33.124)

समैर्विवाहं कुरुते न हीनैः । समैः सख्यं व्यवहारं कथां च । गुणैर्विशिष्टांश्च पुरो दधाति । विपश्चितस्तस्य नयाः सुनीताः ॥

samairvivāhaṃ kurute na hīnaiḥ | samaiḥ sakhyaṃ vyavahāraṃ kathāṃ ca | guṇairviśiṣṭāṃśca puro dadhāti | vipaścitastasya nayāḥ sunītāḥ

"He makes marriages with equals, not with inferiors; with equals he keeps friendship, business and conversation; and he places those who excel in virtue before him. The policies of such a wise man are well conducted."

Verse 125 (5.33.125)

मितं भुङ्क्ते संविभज्याश्रितेभ्यो । मितं स्वपित्यमितं कर्म कृत्वा । ददात्यमित्रेष्वपि याचितः सं- । स्तमात्मवन्तं प्रजहत्यनर्थाः ॥

mitaṃ bhuṅkte saṃvibhajyāśritebhyo | mitaṃ svapityamitaṃ karma kṛtvā | dadātyamitreṣvapi yācitaḥ saṃ- | stamātmavantaṃ prajahatyanarthāḥ

"He eats in moderation after sharing with his dependants, sleeps little after doing much work, and gives when asked, even to his enemies: misfortunes keep away from such a self-possessed man."

Verse 126 (5.33.126)

चिकीर्षितं विप्रकृतं च यस्य । नान्ये जनाः कर्म जानन्ति किंचित् । मन्त्रे गुप्ते सम्यगनुष्ठिते च । नाल्पोऽप्यस्य च्यवते कश्चिदर्थः ॥

cikīrṣitaṃ viprakṛtaṃ ca yasya | nānye janāḥ karma jānanti kiṃcit | mantre gupte samyaganuṣṭhite ca | nālpo'pyasya cyavate kaścidarthaḥ

"When others know nothing of what he plans or what he has set in motion, and his counsel is kept secret and carried out well, not even the smallest of his aims falls through."

Verse 127 (5.33.127)

यः सर्वभूतप्रशमे निविष्टः । सत्यो मृदुर्मानकृच्छुद्धभावः । अतीव स ज्ञायते ज्ञातिमध्ये । महामणिर्जात्य इव प्रसन्नः ॥

yaḥ sarvabhūtapraśame niviṣṭaḥ | satyo mṛdurmānakṛcchuddhabhāvaḥ | atīva sa jñāyate jñātimadhye | mahāmaṇirjātya iva prasannaḥ

"He who is devoted to the peace of all beings, truthful, gentle, who honours others and is pure in heart, stands out among his kinsmen like a great gem of fine origin, clear and bright."

Note on the text: Corrected सप्रन्नः → प्रसन्नः (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read प्रसन्नः).

Verse 128 (5.33.128)

य आत्मनाऽपत्रपते भृशं नरः । स सर्वलोकस्य गुरुर्भवत्युत । अनन्ततेजाः सुमनाः समाहितः । स तेजसा सूर्य इवावभासते ॥

ya ātmanā'patrapate bhṛśaṃ naraḥ | sa sarvalokasya gururbhavatyuta | anantatejāḥ sumanāḥ samāhitaḥ | sa tejasā sūrya ivāvabhāsate

"The man who feels deep shame within himself becomes the teacher of the whole world. Of boundless splendour, cheerful and composed, he shines with his radiance like the sun."

Note on the text: Corrected अनन्तजेजाः → अनन्ततेजाः (Wikisource typo; sanskritdocuments and the critical edition read अनन्ततेजाः).

Verse 129 (5.33.129)

वने जाताः शापदग्धस्य राज्ञः । पाण्डोः पुत्राः पञ्च पञ्चेन्द्रकल्पाः । त्वयैव बाला वर्धिताः शिक्षिताश्च । तवादेशं पालयन्त्याम्बिकेय ॥

vane jātāḥ śāpadagdhasya rājñaḥ | pāṇḍoḥ putrāḥ pañca pañcendrakalpāḥ | tvayaiva bālā vardhitāḥ śikṣitāśca | tavādeśaṃ pālayantyāmbikeya

"The five sons of Pandu, the king blighted by a curse, were born in the forest and are like five Indras. You yourself raised and taught them when they were children, and they follow your command, son of Ambika."

Verse 130 (5.33.130)

प्रदायैषामुचितं तातराज्यं । सुखी पुत्रैः सहितो मोदमानः । न देवानां नापि च मानुषाणां । भविष्यसि त्वं गर्हणीयो नरेन्द्र ॥

pradāyaiṣāmucitaṃ tātarājyaṃ | sukhī putraiḥ sahito modamānaḥ | na devānāṃ nāpi ca mānuṣāṇāṃ | bhaviṣyasi tvaṃ garhaṇīyo narendra

"Give them their rightful share of their father's kingdom and live happily, rejoicing with your sons. Then, lord of men, you will be blamed neither by gods nor by men."