Lord Balarāma Slays Rukmī

Verse 1 (bhagavata.10.61.1)

श्रीशुक उवाच एकैकशस्ताः कृष्णस्य पुत्रान् दश दशाबलाः । अजीजनन्ननवमान्पितुः सर्वात्मसम्पदा ॥ १ ॥

śrī-śuka uvāca ekaikaśas tāḥ kṛṣṇasya putrān daśa-daśābaāḥ ajījanann anavamān pituḥ sarvātma-sampadā

Shukadeva Gosvami said: Each of Krishna's queens bore ten sons apiece, and none of these sons was inferior to their father, for each was endowed with the full glory of his own being.

Verse 2 (bhagavata.10.61.2)

गृहादनपगं वीक्ष्य राजपुत्र्योऽच्युतं स्थितम् । प्रेष्ठं न्यमंसत स्वं स्वं न तत्तत्त्वविदः स्त्रियः ॥ २ ॥

gṛhād anapagaṁ vīkṣya rāja-putryo ’cyutaṁ sthitam preṣṭhaṁ nyamaṁsata svaṁ svaṁ na tat-tattva-vidaḥ striyaḥ

Seeing Bhagavan Achyuta ever present in her own house, never departing from it, each princess-queen believed herself alone to be his most cherished beloved — for these women did not know the true nature of that mystery.

Verse 3 (bhagavata.10.61.3)

चार्वब्जकोशवदनायतबाहुनेत्र- सप्रेमहासरसवीक्षितवल्गुजल्पैः । सम्मोहिता भगवतो न मनो विजेतुं स्वैर्विभ्रमैः समशकन् वनिता विभूम्नः ॥ ३ ॥

cārv-abja-kośa-vadanāyata-bāhu-netra- sa-prema-hāsa-rasa-vīkṣita-valgu-jalpaiḥ sammohitā bhagavato na mano vijetuṁ svair vibhramaiḥ samaśakan vanitā vibhūmnaḥ

By his beautiful face like a lotus bud, his long arms and eyes, and by his affectionate, laughing glances and charming words, these women were utterly enchanted — yet not even with all their feminine allurements could they conquer the mind of that all-powerful Lord.

Verse 4 (bhagavata.10.61.4)

स्मायावलोकलवदर्शितभावहारि- भ्रूमण्डलप्रहितसौरतमन्त्रशौण्डैः । पत्न्यस्तु षोडशसहस्रमनङ्गबाणै- र्यस्येन्द्रियं विमथितुं करणैर्न शेकुः ॥ ४ ॥

smāyāvaloka-lava-darśita-bhāva-hāri bhrū-maṇḍala-prahita-saurata-mantra-śauṇḍaiḥ patnyas tu śoḍaśa-sahasram anaṅga-bāṇair yasyendriyaṁ vimathitum karaṇair na śekuḥ

With brief, smiling glances that betrayed their captivating feelings, and with the arch of their eyebrows skillfully signaling amorous intent, his sixteen thousand wives tried every art — yet even with the arrows of Cupid himself they could by no means disturb his senses.

Verse 5 (bhagavata.10.61.5)

इत्थं रमापतिमवाप्य पतिं स्त्रियस्ता ब्रह्मादयोऽपि न विदुः पदवीं यदीयाम् । भेजुर्मुदाविरतमेधितयानुराग- हासावलोकनवसङ्गमलालसाद्यम् ॥ ५ ॥

itthaṁ ramā-patim avāpya patiṁ striyas tā brahmādayo ’pi na viduḥ padavīṁ yadīyām bhejur mudāviratam edhitayānurāga- hāsāvaloka-nava-saṅgama-lālasādyam

Thus these women had obtained as husband the very Lord of the goddess of fortune, whose path even Brahma and the other gods cannot trace. With ceaselessly growing joy they revelled in his loving attention, his smiling glances, and their eager longing for ever-fresh union with him.

Verse 6 (bhagavata.10.61.6)

प्रत्युद्गमासनवरार्हणपादशौच- ताम्बूलविश्रमणवीजनगन्धमाल्यैः । केशप्रसारशयनस्नपनोपहार्यै- र्दासीशता अपि विभोर्विदधुः स्म दास्यम् ॥ ६ ॥

pratyudgamāsana-varārhaṇa-pāda-śauca- tāmbūla-viśramaṇa-vījana-gandha-mālyaiḥ keśa-prasāra-śayana-snapanopahāryaiḥ dāsī-śatā api vibhor vidadhuḥ sma dāsyam

Though hundreds of maidservants stood ready to serve, the Lord's own queens rose to greet him, offered him a seat and fine worship, washed his feet, gave him betel to chew, let him rest, fanned him, anointed him with fragrance and garlands, arranged his hair, his bed, and his bath, and brought him gifts — performing this service themselves.

Verse 7 (bhagavata.10.61.7)

तासां या दशपुत्राणां कृष्णस्त्रीणां पुरोदिताः । अष्टौ महिष्यस्तत्पुत्रान् प्रद्युम्नादीन् गृणामि ते ॥ ७ ॥

tāsāṁ yā daśa-putrāṇāṁ kṛṣṇa-strīṇāṁ puroditāḥ aṣṭau mahiṣyas tat-putrān pradyumnādīn gṛṇāmi te

Of Krishna's wives, each of whom bore ten sons, I have already named the eight chief queens. Now let me recount to you the names of their sons, beginning with Pradyumna.

Verse 8 (bhagavata.10.61.8)

चारुदेष्णः सुदेष्णश्च चारुदेहश्च वीर्यवान् । सुचारुश्चारुगुप्तश्च भद्रचारुस्तथापरः ॥ ८ ॥

cārudeṣṇaḥ sudeṣṇaś ca cārudehaś ca vīryavān sucāruś cāruguptaś ca bhadracārus tathāparaḥ

Charudeshna and Sudeshna, and mighty Charudeha; Sucharu and Charugupta, and Bhadracharu — these were sons of Rukmini.

Verse 9 (bhagavata.10.61.9)

चारुचन्द्रो विचारुश्च चारुश्च दशमो हरेः । प्रद्युम्नप्रमुखा जाता रुक्मिण्यां नावमाः पितुः ॥ ९ ॥

cārucandro vicāruś ca cāruś ca daśamo hareḥ pradyumna-pramukhā jātā rukmiṇyāṁ nāvamāḥ pituḥ

Charuchandra and Vicharu, and Charu the tenth — these, headed by Pradyumna, were all born of Rukmini, and none of them was inferior to their father.

Verse 10 (bhagavata.10.61.10)

भानुः सुभानुः स्वर्भानुः प्रभानुर्भानुमांस्तथा । चन्द्रभानुर्बृहद्भानुरतिभानुस्तथाष्टमः ॥ १० ॥

bhānuḥ subhānuḥ svarbhānuḥ prabhānur bhānumāṁs tathā candrabhānur bṛhadbhānur atibhānus tathāṣṭamaḥ

Bhanu, Subhanu, Svarbhanu, Prabhanu, and Bhanuman; Chandrabhanu, Brihadbhanu, and Atibhanu, the eighth — these were sons of Satyabhama.

Verse 11 (bhagavata.10.61.11)

श्रीभानुः प्रतिभानुश्च सत्यभामात्मजा दश । साम्बः सुमित्रः पुरुजिच्छतजिच्च सहस्रजित् ॥ ११ ॥

śrībhānuḥ pratibhānuś ca satyabhāmātmajā daśa sāmbaḥ sumitraḥ purujic chatajic ca sahasrajit

Shribhanu and Pratibhanu — these were the ten sons of Satyabhama. Samba, Sumitra, Purujit, Shatajit, and Sahasrajit — these were the sons of Jambavati.

Verse 12 (bhagavata.10.61.12)

विजयश्चित्रकेतुश्च वसुमान् द्रविडः क्रतुः । जाम्बवत्याः सुता ह्येते साम्बाद्याः पितृसम्मताः ॥ १२ ॥

viyayaś citraketuś ca vasumān draviḍaḥ kratuḥ jāmbavatyāḥ sutā hy ete sāmbādyāḥ pitṛ-sammatāḥ

Vijaya, Chitraketu, Vasuman, Dravida and Kratu — these were the sons of Jambavati, headed by Samba, and all of them were held dear by their father.

Verse 13 (bhagavata.10.61.13)

वीरश्चन्द्रोऽश्वसेनश्च चित्रगुर्वेगवान् वृषः । आमः शङ्कुर्वसुः श्रीमान् कुन्तिर्नाग्नजितेः सुताः ॥ १३ ॥

vīraś candro ’śvasenaś ca citragur vegavān vṛṣaḥ āmaḥ śaṅkur vasuḥ śrīmān kuntir nāgnajiteḥ sutāḥ

Vira, Chandra, Ashvasena, Chitragu, Vegavan, Vrisha, Ama, Shanku, Vasu, and the glorious Kunti — these were the sons of Nagnajiti.

Verse 14 (bhagavata.10.61.14)

श्रुतः कविर्वृषो वीरः सुबाहुर्भद्र एकलः । शान्तिर्दर्शः पूर्णमासः कालिन्द्याः सोमकोऽवरः ॥ १४ ॥

śrutaḥ kavir vṛṣo vīraḥ subāhur bhadra ekalaḥ śāntir darśaḥ pūrṇamāsaḥ kālindyāḥ somako ’varaḥ

Shruta, Kavi, Vrisha, Vira, Subahu, Bhadra, Ekala, Shanti, Darsha and Purnamasa — these were the sons of Kalindi, and Somaka was her youngest.

Verse 15 (bhagavata.10.61.15)

प्रघोषो गात्रवान्सिंहो बलः प्रबल ऊर्धगः । माद्रयाः पुत्रा महाशक्तिः सह ओजोऽपराजितः ॥ १५ ॥

praghoṣo gātravān siṁho balaḥ prabala ūrdhagaḥ mādryāḥ putrā mahāśaktiḥ saha ojo ’parājitaḥ

Praghosha, Gatravan, Simha, Bala, Prabala, Urdhaga, Mahashakti, Saha, Oja and Aparajita — these were the sons of Madra.

Verse 16 (bhagavata.10.61.16)

वृको हर्षोऽनिलो गृध्रो वर्धनोन्नाद एव च । महांसः पावनो वह्निर्मित्रविन्दात्मजाः क्षुधिः ॥ १६ ॥

vṛko harṣo ’nilo gṛdhro vardhanonnāda eva ca mahāṁsaḥ pāvano vahnir mitravindātmajāḥ kṣudhiḥ

Vrika, Harsha, Anila, Gridhra, Vardhana and Unnada; Mahamsa, Pavana, Vahni and Kshudhi — these were the sons of Mitravinda.

Verse 17 (bhagavata.10.61.17)

सङ्ग्रामजिद् बृहत्सेनः शूरः प्रहरणोऽरिजित् । जयः सुभद्रो भद्राया वाम आयुश्च सत्यकः ॥ १७ ॥

saṅgrāmajid bṛhatsenaḥ śūraḥ praharaṇo ’rijit jayaḥ subhadro bhadrāyā vāma āyuś ca satyakaḥ

Sangramajit, Brihatsena, Shura, Praharana, Arijit, Jaya and Subhadra — these were the sons of Bhadra, together with Vama, Ayu and Satyaka.

Verse 18 (bhagavata.10.61.18)

दीप्तिमांस्ताम्रतप्ताद्या रोहिण्यास्तनया हरेः । प्रद्यम्नाच्चानिरुद्धोऽभूद्रुक्मवत्यां महाबलः । पुत्र्यां तु रुक्मिणो राजन् नाम्ना भोजकटे पुरे ॥ १८ ॥

dīptimāṁs tāmrataptādyā rohiṇyās tanayā hareḥ pradyamnāc cāniruddho ’bhūd rukmavatyāṁ mahā-balaḥ putryāṁ tu rukmiṇo rājan nāmnā bhojakaṭe pure

Diptiman, Tamratapta and others were the sons born of Hari and Rohini. From Pradyumna, the mighty Aniruddha was born in the womb of Rukmavati, daughter of Rukmi — this took place, O King, in the city named Bhojakata.

Verse 19 (bhagavata.10.61.19)

एतेषां पुत्रपौत्राश्च बभूवुः कोटिशो नृप । मातरः कृष्णजातीनां सहस्राणि च षोडश ॥ १९ ॥

eteṣāṁ putra-pautrāś ca babhūvuḥ koṭiśo nṛpa mātaraḥ kṛṣṇa-jātīnāṁ sahasrāṇi ca ṣoḍaśa

O King, the sons and grandsons of these princes numbered in the tens of millions. The mothers of this dynasty of Krishna numbered sixteen thousand.

Verse 20 (bhagavata.10.61.20)

श्रीराजोवाच कथं रुक्म्यरीपुत्राय प्रादाद् दुहितरं युधि । कृष्णेन परिभूतस्तं हन्तुं रन्ध्रं प्रतीक्षते । एतदाख्याहि मे विद्वन् द्विषोर्वैवाहिकं मिथः ॥ २० ॥

śrī-rājovāca kathaṁ rukmy arī-putrāya prādād duhitaraṁ yudhi kṛṣṇena paribhūtas taṁ hantuṁ randhraṁ pratīkṣate etad ākhyāhi me vidvan dviṣor vaivāhikaṁ mithaḥ

King Parikshit said: How could Rukmi give his daughter to the son of his enemy, when he himself, humbled by Krishna in battle, was watching for an opportunity to kill him? Please explain to me, O wise one, how a marriage came about between these two mutually hostile houses.

Verse 21 (bhagavata.10.61.21)

अनागतमतीतं च वर्तमानमतीन्द्रियम् । विप्रकृष्टं व्यवहितं सम्यक् पश्यन्ति योगिनः ॥ २१ ॥

anāgatam atītaṁ ca vartamānam atīndriyam viprakṛṣṭaṁ vyavahitaṁ samyak paśyanti yoginaḥ

Perfected yogis behold with full clarity that which is yet to come, that which is past, and that which is present, though it lie beyond the senses — whether it is far away or hidden from view.

Verse 22 (bhagavata.10.61.22)

श्रीशुक उवाच वृतः स्वयंवरे साक्षादनङ्गोऽङ्गयुतस्तया । राज्ञः समेतान् निर्जित्य जहारैकरथो युधि ॥ २२ ॥

śrī-śuka uvāca vṛtaḥ svayaṁvare sākṣād anaṇgo ’ṇga-yutas tayā rājñaḥ sametān nirjitya jahāraika-ratho yudhi

Shukadeva Gosvami said: At her svayamvara, she herself chose Pradyumna, who was Cupid embodied once more in a physical form. Fighting alone on a single chariot, he defeated the assembled kings in battle and carried her away.

Verse 23 (bhagavata.10.61.23)

यद्यप्यनुस्मरन् वैरं रुक्मी कृष्णावमानितः । व्यतरद् भागिनेयाय सुतां कुर्वन् स्वसुः प्रियम् ॥ २३ ॥

yady apy anusmaran vairaṁ rukmī kṛṣṇāvamānitaḥ vyatarad bhāgineyāya sutāṁ kurvan svasuḥ priyam

Although Rukmi, insulted by Krishna, still remembered his enmity, he gave his daughter to his own sister's son, so as to please his sister.

Verse 24 (bhagavata.10.61.24)

रुक्मिण्यास्तनयां राजन् कृतवर्मसुतो बली । उपयेमे विशालाक्षीं कन्यां चारुमतीं किल ॥ २४ ॥

rukmiṇyās tanayāṁ rājan kṛtavarma-suto balī upayeme viśālākṣīṁ kanyāṁ cārumatīṁ kila

O King, the mighty son of Kritavarma married Rukmini's daughter, the large-eyed maiden Charumati.

Verse 25 (bhagavata.10.61.25)

दौहित्रायानिरुद्धाय पौत्रीं रुक्म्याददाद्धरेः । रोचनां बद्धवैरोऽपि स्वसुः प्रियचिकीर्षया । जानन्नधर्मं तद् यौनं स्नेहपाशानुबन्धनः ॥ २५ ॥

dauhitrāyāniruddhāya pautrīṁ rukmy ādadād dhareḥ rocanāṁ baddha-vairo ’pi svasuḥ priya-cikīrṣayā jānann adharmaṁ tad yaunaṁ sneha-pāśānubandhanaḥ

Rukmi gave his own granddaughter Rochana to Aniruddha, Hari's grandson through his own daughter — though bound by lasting enmity toward Krishna, and though he knew such a marriage between such close kin was improper, he did it anyway, bound as he was by the cords of affection and desiring to please his sister.

Verse 26 (bhagavata.10.61.26)

तस्मिन्नभ्युदये राजन् रुक्मिणी रामकेशवौ । पुरं भोजकटं जग्मुः साम्बप्रद्युम्नकादयः ॥ २६ ॥

tasminn abhyudaye rājan rukmiṇī rāma-keśavau puraṁ bhojakaṭaṁ jagmuḥ sāmba-pradyumnakādayaḥ

On that joyous occasion, O King, Rukmini, Balarama and Krishna, along with Samba, Pradyumna and others, went to the city of Bhojakata.

Verse 27 (bhagavata.10.61.27)

तस्मिन् निवृत्त उद्वाहे कालिङ्गप्रमुखा नृपाः । दृप्तास्ते रुक्मिणं प्रोचुर्बलमक्षैर्विनिर्जय ॥ २७ ॥

tasmin nivṛtta udvāhe kāliṅga-pramukhā nṛpāḥ dṛptās te rukmiṇaṁ procur balam akṣair vinirjaya

After the wedding was concluded, a group of arrogant kings headed by the King of Kalinga said to Rukmi: 'Defeat Balarama at dice.'

Verse 28 (bhagavata.10.61.28)

अनक्षज्ञो ह्ययं राजन्नपि तद्व्यसनं महत् । इत्युक्तो बलमाहूय तेनाक्षैर्रुक्म्यदीव्यत ॥ २८ ॥

anakṣa-jño hy ayaṁ rājann api tad-vyasanaṁ mahat ity ukto balam āhūya tenākṣair rukmy adīvyata

'This king does not know the art of dice, and yet he is greatly addicted to it.' Advised in this way, Rukmi challenged Balarama and began to play dice with him.

Verse 29 (bhagavata.10.61.29)

शतं सहस्रमयुतं रामस्तत्राददे पणम् । तं तु रुक्म्यजयत्तत्र कालिङ्गः प्राहसद् बलम् । दन्तान् सन्दर्शयन्नुच्चैर्नामृष्यत्तद्धलायुधः ॥ २९ ॥

śataṁ sahasram ayutaṁ rāmas tatrādade paṇam taṁ tu rukmy ajayat tatra kāliṅgaḥ prāhasad balam dantān sandarśayann uccair nāmṛṣyat tad dhalāyudhaḥ

There Balarama first wagered a hundred coins, then a thousand, then ten thousand. Rukmi won that round, and the King of Kalinga laughed loudly at Balarama, baring his teeth. Balarama, the wielder of the plow, could not bear this.

Verse 30 (bhagavata.10.61.30)

ततो लक्षं रुक्म्यगृह्णाद्ग्लहं तत्राजयद् बलः । जितवानहमित्याह रुक्मी कैतवमाश्रितः ॥ ३० ॥

tato lakṣaṁ rukmy agṛhṇād glahaṁ tatrājayad balaḥ jitavān aham ity āha rukmī kaitavam āśritaḥ

Then Rukmi accepted a wager of a hundred thousand, and in that round Balarama won. Yet Rukmi, resorting to deceit, declared, 'I have won!'

Verse 31 (bhagavata.10.61.31)

मन्युना क्षुभितः श्रीमान् समुद्र इव पर्वणि । जात्यारुणाक्षोऽतिरुषा न्यर्बुदं ग्लहमाददे ॥ ३१ ॥

manyunā kṣubhitaḥ śrīmān samudra iva parvaṇi jātyāruṇākṣo ’ti-ruṣā nyarbudaṁ glaham ādade

Agitated by anger like the ocean on the day of the full moon, the glorious Balarama, his naturally reddish eyes now blazing with fury, accepted a wager of ten crores.

Verse 32 (bhagavata.10.61.32)

तं चापि जितवान् रामो धर्मेण छलमाश्रितः । रुक्मी जितं मयात्रेमे वदन्तु प्राश्निका इति ॥ ३२ ॥

taṁ cāpi jitavān rāmo dharmeṇa chalam āśritaḥ rukmī jitaṁ mayātreme vadantu prāśnikā iti

That wager too Balarama won fairly — yet Rukmi, again resorting to deceit, declared: 'I have won this! Let the witnesses here say so.'

Verse 33 (bhagavata.10.61.33)

तदाब्रवीन्नभोवाणी बलेनैव जितो ग्लहः । धर्मतो वचनेनैव रुक्मी वदति वै मृषा ॥ ३३ ॥

tadābravīn nabho-vāṇī balenaiva jito glahaḥ dharmato vacanenaiva rukmī vadati vai mṛṣā

Then a voice from the sky declared: 'This wager has been justly won by Balarama alone. Rukmi is speaking plain falsehood.'

Verse 34 (bhagavata.10.61.34)

तामनादृत्य वैदर्भो दुष्टराजन्यचोदितः । सङ्कर्षणं परिहसन् बभाषे कालचोदितः ॥ ३४ ॥

tām anādṛtya vaidarbho duṣṭa-rājanya-coditaḥ saṅkarṣaṇaṁ parihasan babhāṣe kāla-coditaḥ

Ignoring that voice, the prince of Vidarbha, urged on by the wicked kings and driven by the force of destiny, mocked Balarama and spoke as follows.

Verse 35 (bhagavata.10.61.35)

नैवाक्षकोविदा यूयं गोपाला वनगोचराः । अक्षैर्दीव्यन्ति राजानो बाणैश्च न भवादृशाः ॥ ३५ ॥

naivākṣa-kovidā yūyaṁ gopālā vana-gocarāḥ akṣair dīvyanti rājāno bāṇaiś ca na bhavādṛśāḥ

[Rukmi said:] You cowherds, who wander about the forest, know nothing of dice. It is kings who play at dice and wield the bow — not people like you.

Verse 36 (bhagavata.10.61.36)

रुक्मिणैवमधिक्षिप्तो राजभिश्चोपहासितः । क्रुद्धः परिघमुद्यम्य जघ्ने तं नृम्णसंसदि ॥ ३६ ॥

rukmiṇaivam adhikṣipto rājabhiś copahāsitaḥ kruddhaḥ parigham udyamya jaghne taṁ nṛmṇa-saṁsadi

Thus insulted by Rukmi and mocked by the kings, Balarama grew enraged, raised his club, and struck Rukmi dead right there in that wedding assembly.

Verse 37 (bhagavata.10.61.37)

कलिङ्गराजं तरसा गृहीत्वा दशमे पदे । दन्तानपातयत् क्रुद्धो योऽहसद् विवृतैर्द्विजैः ॥ ३७ ॥

kaliṅga-rājaṁ tarasā gṛhītvā daśame pade dantān apātayat kruddho yo ’hasad vivṛtair dvijaiḥ

The King of Kalinga, who had laughed at Balarama showing his bared teeth, tried to flee — but the enraged Balarama swiftly seized him at his tenth step and knocked out all his teeth.

Verse 38 (bhagavata.10.61.38)

अन्ये निर्भिन्नबाहूरुशिरसो रुधिरोक्षिताः । राजानो दुद्रवर्भीता बलेन परिघार्दिताः ॥ ३८ ॥

anye nirbhinna-bāhūru- śiraso rudhirokṣitāḥ rājāno dudravar bhītā balena paṅghārditāḥ

The other kings, their arms, thighs and heads shattered and drenched in blood, fled in terror, tormented by Balarama's club.

Verse 39 (bhagavata.10.61.39)

निहते रुक्मिणि श्याले नाब्रवीत् साध्वसाधु वा । रक्मिणीबलयो राजन् स्नेहभङ्गभयाद्धरिः ॥ ३९ ॥

nihate rukmiṇi śyāle nābravīt sādhv asādhu vā rakmiṇī-balayo rājan sneha-bhaṅga-bhayād dhariḥ

When his brother-in-law Rukmi was slain, Hari said neither that it was right nor that it was wrong, O King — for he feared to injure his bond of affection with either Rukmini or Balarama.

Verse 40 (bhagavata.10.61.40)

ततोऽनिरुद्धं सह सूर्यया वरं रथं समारोप्य ययुः कुशस्थलीम् । रामादयो भोजकटाद् दशार्हाः सिद्धाखिलार्था मधुसूदनाश्रयाः ॥ ४० ॥

tato ’niruddhaṁ saha sūryayā varaṁ rathaṁ samāropya yayuḥ kuśasthalīm rāmādayo bhojakaṭād daśārhāḥ siddhākhilārthā madhusūdanāśrayāḥ

Then the Dasharhas, headed by Balarama, seated Aniruddha together with Surya, his bride, upon a fine chariot and set out from Bhojakata for Kushasthali — for, having taken shelter of Madhusudana, they had all accomplished their every purpose.