Yajnavalkya's Teaching on the Discernment of Expiation

Verse 1 (garuda.1.105.1)

विहितस्याननुष्ठानान्निन्दितस्य च सेवनात् । अनिग्रहाच्चेन्द्रियाणां नरः पतनमृच्छति

vihitasyānanuṣṭhānānninditasya ca sevanāt anigrahāccendriyāṇāṁ naraḥ patanamṛcchati

Through non-performance of what is enjoined, through indulgence in what is censured, and through failure to control the senses, a man falls from his status.

Verse 2 (garuda.1.105.2)

तस्माद्यत्नेन कर्त्तव्यं प्रायश्चित्तं विशुद्धये । एवमस्यान्तरात्मा च लोकश्चैव प्रसीदति

tasmādyatnena karttavyaṁ prāyaścittaṁ viśuddhaye evamasyāntarātmā ca lokaścaiva prasīdati

Therefore, expiation should be diligently performed for purification. Thus his inner self, and the world too, become pleased.

Verse 3 (garuda.1.105.3)

लोकः प्रसीदेदात्मैवं प्रायश्चित्तैरघक्षयः । प्रायश्चित्तमकुर्वाणाः पश्चात्तापविवर्जिताः

lokaḥ prasīdedātmaivaṁ prāyaścittairaghakṣayaḥ prāyaścittamakurvāṇāḥ paścāttāpavivarjitāḥ

The world and the self become pleased when sin is destroyed through expiations. Those who do not perform expiation, being devoid of remorse,

Verse 4 (garuda.1.105.4)

नरकान्यान्ति पापा वै महारौरवरौरवान् । तामिस्रं लोहशङ्कुं च पूतिगन्धसमाकुलम्

narakānyānti pāpā vai mahārauravarauravān tāmisraṁ lohaśaṅkuṁ ca pūtigandhasamākulam

sinners go to hells like Maharaurava and Raurava — Tamisra, Lohashanku, and the one filled with putrid stench,

Verse 5 (garuda.1.105.5)

हंसाभं लोहितोदं च सञ्जीवननदीपथम् । महानिलयकाकोलमन्धतामिस्रवापनम्

haṁsābhaṁ lohitodaṁ ca sañjīvananadīpatham mahānilayakākolamandhatāmisravāpanam

Hamsabha, Lohitoda, the path of the Sanjivana river, Mahanilaya, Kakola, Andhatamisra, and Vapana —

Verse 6 (garuda.1.105.6)

अविचीं कुम्भीपाकं च यान्ति पापा ह्यपुण्यतः । ब्रह्महा मद्यपः स्तेयी संयोगी गुरुतल्पगः

avicīṁ kumbhīpākaṁ ca yānti pāpā hyapuṇyataḥ brahmahā madyapaḥ steyī saṁyogī gurutalpagaḥ

Avichi and Kumbhipaka — sinners go there through their lack of merit. The killer of a brahmin, the drinker of liquor, the thief, one who wrongly associates, and one who defiles his teacher's bed —

Verse 7 (garuda.1.105.7)

गुरुनिन्दा वेदनिन्दा ब्रह्महत्यासमे ह्युभे । निषिद्धभक्षणं जिह्मक्रियाचरणमेव च

gurunindā vedanindā brahmahatyāsame hyubhe niṣiddhabhakṣaṇaṁ jihmakriyācaraṇameva ca

censuring one's teacher and censuring the Veda are both equal to the sin of killing a brahmin. Eating forbidden food, and the practice of dishonest dealings —

Verse 8 (garuda.1.105.8)

रजस्वलामुखास्वादः सुरापानसमानि तु । अश्वरत्नादिहरणं सुवर्णस्तेयसम्मितम्

rajasvalāmukhāsvādaḥ surāpānasamāni tu aśvaratnādiharaṇaṁ suvarṇasteyasammitam

kissing a menstruating woman is equal to the sin of drinking liquor. The theft of a horse or gem is deemed equal to the theft of gold.

Verse 9 (garuda.1.105.9)

सखिभार्याकुमारीषु स्वयोनिष्वन्त्यजासु च । सगोत्रासु तथा स्त्रीषु गुरुतल्पसमं स्मृतम्

sakhibhāryākumārīṣu svayoniṣvantyajāsu ca sagotrāsu tathā strīṣu gurutalpasamaṁ smṛtam

Union with a friend's wife, an unmarried girl, a woman of one's own caste, an outcaste woman, or a woman of one's own gotra, is deemed equal to defiling the guru's bed —

Verse 10 (garuda.1.105.10)

पितुः स्वसारं मातुश्च मातुलानीं स्नुषामपि । मातुः सपत्नीं भगिनीमाचार्य्यतनयां तथा

pituḥ svasāraṁ mātuśca mātulānīṁ snuṣāmapi mātuḥ sapatnīṁ bhaginīmācāryyatanayāṁ tathā

likewise with one's father's sister, mother's sister, maternal uncle's wife, daughter-in-law, mother's co-wife, one's sister, one's teacher's daughter,

Verse 11 (garuda.1.105.11)

आचार्य्यपत्नीं स्वसुतां गच्छंस्तु गुरुतल्पगः । छित्त्वा लिङ्गं वधस्तस्य सकामायाः स्त्रियास्तथा

ācāryyapatnīṁ svasutāṁ gacchaṁstu gurutalpagaḥ chittvā liṅgaṁ vadhastasya sakāmāyāḥ striyāstathā

one's teacher's wife, or one's own daughter — one who approaches any of these defiles the guru's bed. His organ should be severed and he should be put to death; and likewise the willing woman.

Verse 12 (garuda.1.105.12)

गोवधो व्रात्यतास्तेयमृणानां च परिक्रिया । अनाहिताग्निताऽपण्यविक्रयः परिवेदनम्

govadho vrātyatāsteyamṛṇānāṁ ca parikriyā anāhitāgnitā'paṇyavikrayaḥ parivedanam

The killing of a cow, remaining an unconsecrated vratya, theft, non-repayment of debts; not maintaining the sacred fire, selling forbidden goods, marrying before an elder brother,

Verse 13 (garuda.1.105.13)

भृत्याचाध्ययनादानं भृतकाध्यापनमन्तथा । पारदार्य्यं पारिवित्त्यं वार्द्धुष्यं लवणक्रिया

bhṛtyācādhyayanādānaṁ bhṛtakādhyāpanamantathā pāradāryyaṁ pārivittyaṁ vārddhuṣyaṁ lavaṇakriyā

receiving instruction from a paid teacher and teaching for pay; adultery, marrying before an elder brother, money-lending at interest, and trading in salt,

Verse 14 (garuda.1.105.14)

सच्छूद्रविट्क्षत्त्रबन्धोर्निन्दितार्थोपजीविता । नास्तिक्यं व्रतलोपश्च शूल्यं गोश्वेव विक्रयः

sacchūdraviṭkṣattrabandhorninditārthopajīvitā nāstikyaṁ vratalopaśca śūlyaṁ gośveva vikrayaḥ

living by disreputable means among shudras, vaishyas, or kshatriyas; atheism, breaking one's vows, and selling an animal for slaughter as if selling a cow,

Verse 15 (garuda.1.105.15)

पितृमातृसुहृत्त्यागस्तडागारामविक्रयः । कन्यायादूषण चैव परिविन्दकयाजनम्

pitṛmātṛsuhṛttyāgastaḍāgārāmavikrayaḥ kanyāyādūṣaṇa caiva parivindakayājanam

abandoning one's father, mother, or friends; neglecting a tank or garden; defiling a maiden entrusted to one, and officiating as priest for one who married before an elder brother,

Verse 16 (garuda.1.105.16)

कन्याप्रदानं तस्यैव कौटिल्यं व्रतलोपनम् । आत्मनोऽर्थे क्रियारम्भो मद्यपस्त्रीनिषेवणम्

kanyāpradānaṁ tasyaiva kauṭilyaṁ vratalopanam ātmano'rthe kriyārambho madyapastrīniṣevaṇam

giving a daughter to such a one; crookedness, breaking one's vows, undertaking rites for one's own selfish benefit, and consorting with the wife of a drunkard,

Verse 17 (garuda.1.105.17)

स्वाध्यायाग्निसुतत्यागो बान्धवत्याग एव च । असच्छास्त्राभिगमनं भार्य्यात्मपरिवि क्रयः

svādhyāyāgnisutatyāgo bāndhavatyāga eva ca asacchāstrābhigamanaṁ bhāryyātmaparivi krayaḥ

abandoning Vedic recitation, the sacred fire, or one's children, and abandoning one's kinsmen; resorting to false scriptures, and selling one's wife or oneself —

Verse 18 (garuda.1.105.18)

उपपापानि चोक्तानि प्रायश्चित्तं निबोधत । शिरः कपालध्वजवान् भिक्षाशी कर्म वेदयन्

upapāpāni coktāni prāyaścittaṁ nibodhata śiraḥ kapāladhvajavān bhikṣāśī karma vedayan

these are declared as the secondary sins. Now understand the expiation. Bearing a skull as a banner on his head, living by begging, proclaiming his deed openly —

Verse 19 (garuda.1.105.19)

ब्रह्महा द्वादश समा मितभुक् शुद्धिमाप्नुयात् । लोमभ्यः स्वाहेति च वा लोमप्रभृति वै तनुम्

brahmahā dvādaśa samā mitabhuk śuddhimāpnuyāt lomabhyaḥ svāheti ca vā lomaprabhṛti vai tanum

the killer of a brahmin, eating sparingly for twelve years, attains purification. Or, with the mantra 'lomabhyaḥ svāhā,' offering the body part by part, beginning from the hair —

Verse 20 (garuda.1.105.20)

मज्जान्तां जुहुयाद्वापि स्वस्वमन्त्रैर्यथाक्रमम् । शुद्धिः स्याद्ब्राह्मणत्राणात्कृत्वैवं शुद्धिरेव च

majjāntāṁ juhuyādvāpi svasvamantrairyathākramam śuddhiḥ syādbrāhmaṇatrāṇātkṛtvaivaṁ śuddhireva ca

up to the marrow, offering with the respective mantras, in order. Purification may also come through protecting a brahmin; having done so, purification results,

Verse 21 (garuda.1.105.21)

निरातङ्कं द्विजं गां च ब्राह्मणार्थे हतोऽपि वा । अरण्ये नियतो जुप्त्वा त्रिः कृत्वो वेदसंहिताम्

nirātaṅkaṁ dvijaṁ gāṁ ca brāhmaṇārthe hato'pi vā araṇye niyato juptvā triḥ kṛtvo vedasaṁhitām

or by protecting a healthy brahmin or a cow, or even being slain for a brahmin's sake. Or, disciplined in the forest, having recited the Vedic Samhita three times,

Verse 22 (garuda.1.105.22)

सरस्वतीं वा संसेव्यं धनं पात्रे समर्पयेत् । यागस्थक्षत्त्रविड्घाते चरेद्ब्रह्महणो व्रतम्

sarasvatīṁ vā saṁsevyaṁ dhanaṁ pātre samarpayet yāgasthakṣattraviḍghāte caredbrahmahaṇo vratam

or having duly served along the Sarasvati river, and given wealth to a worthy recipient. For killing a kshatriya or vaishya engaged in a sacrifice, one should observe the vow prescribed for the killer of a brahmin —

Verse 23 (garuda.1.105.23)

गर्भहा वा यथावर्णं तथात्रेयीनिषू (सू) दनम् । चरेद्वरतमहत्वापि घातनार्थमुपागतः

garbhahā vā yathāvarṇaṁ tathātreyīniṣū (sū) danam caredvaratamahatvāpi ghātanārthamupāgataḥ

one who kills a fetus should likewise observe penance according to the deceased's varna, and likewise for the killing of a woman. Even one who approached with intent to kill, without succeeding, should observe the vow —

Verse 24 (garuda.1.105.24)

द्विगुणं सवनस्थे तु ब्राह्मणे व्रतमाचरेत् । सुराम्बुघृतगोमूत्रं पीत्वा शुद्धिः सुरापिणः

dviguṇaṁ savanasthe tu brāhmaṇe vratamācaret surāmbughṛtagomūtraṁ pītvā śuddhiḥ surāpiṇaḥ

for killing a brahmin engaged in the Soma-sacrifice, one should observe double the penance. By drinking boiling water, ghee, or cow's urine, purification comes for the drinker of liquor —

Verse 25 (garuda.1.105.25)

अग्निवर्णं घृतं वापि चीरवास जटी भवेत् । व्रतं ब्रह्महणः कुर्य्यात्पुनः संस्कारमर्हति

agnivarṇaṁ ghṛtaṁ vāpi cīravāsa jaṭī bhavet vrataṁ brahmahaṇaḥ kuryyātpunaḥ saṁskāramarhati

or fire-heated ghee. Wearing bark-garments, with matted hair, he should observe the vow of the brahmin-killer, and thereafter becomes fit for re-consecration.

Verse 26 (garuda.1.105.26)

रेतेविण्मूत्रपानाच्च सुरापा ब्राह्मणी तथा । पतिलोकपरिभ्रष्टा गृध्री स्यात्सूकरी शुनी

reteviṇmūtrapānācca surāpā brāhmaṇī tathā patilokaparibhraṣṭā gṛdhrī syātsūkarī śunī

By drinking semen, feces, and urine [in her punishment], a brahmin woman who drinks liquor, fallen from her husband's world, becomes a vulture, a sow, or a bitch.

Verse 27 (garuda.1.105.27)

स्वर्णहारी द्विजो राज्ञे दत्त्वा तु मुसलं तथा । कर्मणः ख्यापनं कृत्वा हतस्तेन भवेच्छुचिः

svarṇahārī dvijo rājñe dattvā tu musalaṁ tathā karmaṇaḥ khyāpanaṁ kṛtvā hatastena bhavecchuciḥ

A twice-born who has stolen gold, having gone to the king with a pestle, having proclaimed his deed, and being slain by him, becomes pure.

Verse 28 (garuda.1.105.28)

आत्मतुल्यं सुवर्णं वा दत्त्वा शुद्धिमियाद्द्विजः । शयने सार्द्धमायस्यां योषिता निभृतं स्वपेत्

ātmatulyaṁ suvarṇaṁ vā dattvā śuddhimiyāddvijaḥ śayane sārddhamāyasyāṁ yoṣitā nibhṛtaṁ svapet

or, having given gold equal to his own weight, the twice-born attains purity. For adultery, he should sleep on a heated iron bed together with an iron female figure —

Verse 29 (garuda.1.105.29)

उच्छेद्य लिङ्गं वृषणं नैर्ऋत्यामुत्सृजोद्दिशि । प्राजापत्यं चरेत्कृच्छ्रं समा वा गुरुतल्पगः

ucchedya liṅgaṁ vṛṣaṇaṁ nairṛtyāmutsṛjoddiśi prājāpatyaṁ caretkṛcchraṁ samā vā gurutalpagaḥ

then, having cut off his organ and testicles, he should cast them toward the southwest. Or one who has defiled the guru's bed should observe the Prajapatya or Krichchhra vow for a year —

Verse 30 (garuda.1.105.30)

चान्द्रायणं वा त्रीन्मासनभ्यसेद्वेदसंहिताम् । पञ्चगव्यं पिबेद्गोघ्नो मासमासीत संयतः

cāndrāyaṇaṁ vā trīnmāsanabhyasedvedasaṁhitām pañcagavyaṁ pibedgoghno māsamāsīta saṁyataḥ

or observe the Chandrayana, or practice the Vedic Samhita for three months. The killer of a cow should drink the panchagavya, and remain self-controlled for a month,

Verse 31 (garuda.1.105.31)

गोष्ठेशयो गोऽनुगामी गोप्रदानेन शुध्यति । उपपातकशुद्धिः स्याच्चान्द्रायणव्रतेन च

goṣṭheśayo go'nugāmī gopradānena śudhyati upapātakaśuddhiḥ syāccāndrāyaṇavratena ca

sleeping in a cow-shed, following cows about; he is purified by the gift of a cow. Purification from the secondary sins comes through the Chandrayana observance,

Verse 32 (garuda.1.105.32)

पयसा वापि मासेन पराकेणापि वा पुनः । ऋषभैकं सहस्त्रं गा दद्यात्क्षत्त्रवधे पुमान्

payasā vāpi māsena parākeṇāpi vā punaḥ ṛṣabhaikaṁ sahastraṁ gā dadyātkṣattravadhe pumān

or by a month's diet of milk, or again by the Paraka penance. For killing a kshatriya, a man should give a bull and a thousand cows —

Verse 33 (garuda.1.105.33)

ब्रह्महत्याव्रतं वापि वत्सरत्रितयं चरेत् । वैश्यहाऽब्दं च (ब्दांश्च) रेदेतद्दद्याद्वैकशतं गवाम्

brahmahatyāvrataṁ vāpi vatsaratritayaṁ caret vaiśyahā'bdaṁ ca (bdāṁśca) redetaddadyādvaikaśataṁ gavām

or observe the brahmin-killer's vow for three years. For killing a vaishya, one should observe the vow for a year, or give one hundred cows,

Verse 34 (garuda.1.105.34)

षण्मासाच्छूद्रहा चैतद्दद्याद्वा धेनवो दश । अप्रदुष्टां स्त्रियं हत्वा शूद्रहत्याव्रतं चरेत्

ṣaṇmāsācchūdrahā caitaddadyādvā dhenavo daśa apraduṣṭāṁ striyaṁ hatvā śūdrahatyāvrataṁ caret

for killing a shudra, the vow lasts six months, or ten milk-cows may be given. Having killed a faultless woman, one should observe the vow for killing a shudra.

Verse 35 (garuda.1.105.35)

मार्जारगोधानकुलपशुमण्डूकघातनात् । पिबेत्क्षीरं त्र्यहं पापी कृच्छ्रं वाप्यधिकं चरेत्

mārjāragodhānakulapaśumaṇḍūkaghātanāt pibetkṣīraṁ tryahaṁ pāpī kṛcchraṁ vāpyadhikaṁ caret

For killing a cat, an iguana, a mongoose, an animal, or a frog, the sinner should drink milk for three days, or observe a Krichchhra penance or more.

Verse 36 (garuda.1.105.36)

गजे नीलान्वृषान्पञ्च शुके वत्सं द्विहायनम् । खराजमेषेषु वृषो देयः क्रौञ्चे त्रिहायणः

gaje nīlānvṛṣānpañca śuke vatsaṁ dvihāyanam kharājameṣeṣu vṛṣo deyaḥ krauñce trihāyaṇaḥ

For an elephant, five black bulls should be given; for a parrot, a two-year calf; for a donkey, goat, or sheep, a bull; for a Krauncha bird, a three-year-old animal.

Verse 37 (garuda.1.105.37)

वृक्षगुल्मलतावीरुच्छेदने जप्यमृक्शतम् । अवकीर्णो भवेद्गत्त्वा ब्रह्मचारी च योषितम्

vṛkṣagulmalatāvīrucchedane japyamṛkśatam avakīrṇo bhavedgattvā brahmacārī ca yoṣitam

For cutting down a tree, shrub, creeper, or herb, one hundred verses should be recited. A celibate student who has approached a woman becomes an avakirnin —

Verse 38 (garuda.1.105.38)

गर्दभं पशुमालभ्य नैर्ऋतं च विशुध्यति । मधुमांसाशने कार्य्यं कृच्छ्रं शेषव्रतानि च

gardabhaṁ paśumālabhya nairṛtaṁ ca viśudhyati madhumāṁsāśane kāryyaṁ kṛcchraṁ śeṣavratāni ca

having sacrificed a donkey to Nirriti, he is purified. For eating honey or meat improperly, the Krichchhra penance and the remaining vows should be performed.

Verse 39 (garuda.1.105.39)

कृच्छ्रत्रयं गुरुः कुर्य्यान्म्रियेत् प्रहितो यदि । प्रतिकूलं गुरोः कृत्वा प्रसाद्यैव विशुध्यति

kṛcchratrayaṁ guruḥ kuryyānmriyet prahito yadi pratikūlaṁ guroḥ kṛtvā prasādyaiva viśudhyati

If a student sent by his teacher should die, the teacher should perform three Krichchhras. Having acted against one's teacher, one is purified only by pleasing him again.

Verse 40 (garuda.1.105.40)

रिपून्धान्यप्रदानाद्यैः स्नेहाद्यैर्वाप्युपक्रमेत् । क्रियमाणोपकारे च मृते विप्रे न पातकम्

ripūndhānyapradānādyaiḥ snehādyairvāpyupakramet kriyamāṇopakāre ca mṛte vipre na pātakam

One should treat even enemies with gifts of grain and the like, or with affection. If, while assistance is being rendered, a brahmin nonetheless dies, there is no sin.

Verse 41 (garuda.1.105.41)

महापापोपपापाभ्यां योभिशस्तो मृषा परम् । अब्भक्षो मासमासीत स जापी नियतन्द्रियः

mahāpāpopapāpābhyāṁ yobhiśasto mṛṣā param abbhakṣo māsamāsīta sa jāpī niyatandriyaḥ

One who is falsely accused of a great sin or a secondary sin should live on water alone for a month, reciting japa, with controlled senses.

Verse 42 (garuda.1.105.42)

अनियुक्तो भ्रातृभार्य्यां गच्छंश्चान्द्रायणं चरेत् । त्रिरात्रान्ते घृतं प्राश्य गत्वोदक्यां शुचिर्भवेत्

aniyukto bhrātṛbhāryyāṁ gacchaṁścāndrāyaṇaṁ caret trirātrānte ghṛtaṁ prāśya gatvodakyāṁ śucirbhavet

One who, without proper appointment, approaches his brother's wife, should observe the Chandrayana. Having approached a menstruating woman, one becomes pure after three nights, by consuming ghee.

Verse 43 (garuda.1.105.43)

गोष्ठे वसन्ब्रह्मचारी मासमेकं पयोव्रती । गायत्त्रीजप्यनिरतो मुच्यतेऽसत्प्रतिग्रहात्

goṣṭhe vasanbrahmacārī māsamekaṁ payovratī gāyattrījapyanirato mucyate'satpratigrahāt

Dwelling in a cow-shed for one month, living on milk alone, devoted to reciting the Gayatri, one is freed from the sin of accepting an improper gift.

Verse 44 (garuda.1.105.44)

त्रिः कृच्छ्रमाचरेद्व्रात्ययाजकोऽपि चरन्नपि । वेदप्लावी यवाश्यब्दं त्यक्त्वा च शरणागतान्

triḥ kṛcchramācaredvrātyayājako'pi carannapi vedaplāvī yavāśyabdaṁ tyaktvā ca śaraṇāgatān

One who officiates as priest for a Vratya should observe the Krichchhra three times. One who neglects the Veda should eat only barley for a year, and likewise one who abandons those who have sought his refuge —

Verse 45 (garuda.1.105.45)

प्राणायामत्रयं कुर्य्यात्खरयानोष्ट्रयानगः । नग्नः स्नात्वा च सुप्त्वा च गत्वा चैव दिवा स्त्रियम्

prāṇāyāmatrayaṁ kuryyātkharayānoṣṭrayānagaḥ nagnaḥ snātvā ca suptvā ca gatvā caiva divā striyam

should perform three pranayamas, as should one who has ridden a donkey or a camel. One who has bathed naked, slept naked, or approached his wife by day —

Verse 46 (garuda.1.105.46)

गुरुंत्वं कृत्य हुंकृत्य विप्रं निर्जित्य वाद तः । प्रसाद्य तं च मुनयस्ततो ह्युपवसेद्दिनम्

guruṁtvaṁ kṛtya huṁkṛtya vipraṁ nirjitya vāda taḥ prasādya taṁ ca munayastato hyupavaseddinam

One who has treated his teacher with contempt, uttered a rude 'hum' at him, or defeated a brahmin in debate should, having pleased that person again, fast for a day, as the sages teach.

Verse 47 (garuda.1.105.47)

विप्रे दण्डोद्यमे कृच्छ्रमतिकृच्छ्रं निपातने । देशं कालं वयः शक्तिं पापं चावेक्ष्य यत्नतः

vipre daṇḍodyame kṛcchramatikṛcchraṁ nipātane deśaṁ kālaṁ vayaḥ śaktiṁ pāpaṁ cāvekṣya yatnataḥ

For raising a weapon against a brahmin, the Krichchhra penance is prescribed; for striking him, the Atikrichchhra. Having carefully considered the place, time, age, capacity, and severity of the sin,

Verse 48 (garuda.1.105.48)

प्रायश्चितं प्रकल्प्यं स्याद्यत्र योक्ता तु निष्कृतिः । गर्भत्यागो भर्त्तृनिन्दा स्त्रीणां पतनकारणम्

prāyaścitaṁ prakalpyaṁ syādyatra yoktā tu niṣkṛtiḥ garbhatyāgo bharttṛnindā strīṇāṁ patanakāraṇam

the appropriate expiation should be devised, wherever atonement is applicable. Abandoning a pregnancy and disparaging one's husband are causes of a woman's downfall —

Verse 49 (garuda.1.105.49)

एष ग्रहान्तिके दोषः तस्मात्तां दूतरस्त्यजेत् । विख्यातदोषः कुर्वीत गुरोरनुमतं व्रतम्

eṣa grahāntike doṣaḥ tasmāttāṁ dūtarastyajet vikhyātadoṣaḥ kurvīta guroranumataṁ vratam

this fault relates to the time near her menstrual period, and should therefore be quickly set aside. One whose fault is publicly known should perform the vow openly, with the teacher's approval —

Verse 50 (garuda.1.105.50)

असंविख्यातदोषस्तु रहस्यं व्रतमाचरेत् । त्रिरात्रोपोषणो जप्त्वा ब्रह्महा त्वघमर्षणम्

asaṁvikhyātadoṣastu rahasyaṁ vratamācaret trirātropoṣaṇo japtvā brahmahā tvaghamarṣaṇam

but one whose fault is not publicly known should perform the vow in secret. The killer of a brahmin, having fasted for three nights and recited the Aghamarshana hymn,

Verse 51 (garuda.1.105.51)

अन्तर्जले विशुद्धे च दत्त्वा गां च पयस्विनीम् । लोमभ्यः स्वाहेति ऋचा दिवसं मारुताशनः

antarjale viśuddhe ca dattvā gāṁ ca payasvinīm lomabhyaḥ svāheti ṛcā divasaṁ mārutāśanaḥ

standing immersed in pure water, having given a milk-cow, with the verse 'lomabhyaḥ svāhā,' living on air alone for a day —

Verse 52 (garuda.1.105.52)

जले जप्त्वा तु जुहुयाच्चात्वारिंशद्घृताहुतीः । त्रिरात्रोपोषणो हुत्वा कूष्माण्डीभिर्घृतं शुचिः

jale japtvā tu juhuyāccātvāriṁśadghṛtāhutīḥ trirātropoṣaṇo hutvā kūṣmāṇḍībhirghṛtaṁ śuciḥ

having recited in the water, he should offer forty oblations of ghee. Having fasted for three nights and offered ghee with the Kushmandi verses, he becomes pure.

Verse 53 (garuda.1.105.53)

सुरापः स्वर्णहारी च रुद्रजापी जले स्थितः । सहस्त्रशीर्षाजप्येन मुच्यते गुरुतल्पगः

surāpaḥ svarṇahārī ca rudrajāpī jale sthitaḥ sahastraśīrṣājapyena mucyate gurutalpagaḥ

The drinker of liquor and the stealer of gold are purified by standing in water and reciting japa to Rudra. One who has defiled the guru's bed is freed through the recitation of the Sahasrashirsha hymn.

Verse 54 (garuda.1.105.54)

प्राणायामशतं कुर्य्यात्सर्वपापापनुक्त्ये । ॐकाराभियुतं सोमसलिलप्रशनाच्छुचिः

prāṇāyāmaśataṁ kuryyātsarvapāpāpanuktye oṁkārābhiyutaṁ somasalilapraśanācchuciḥ

One should perform a hundred pranayamas, joined with Om, for the removal of all sin; and one becomes pure by drinking the Soma-water.

Verse 55 (garuda.1.105.55)

कृत्वोपवासं रेतोविण्मूत्राणां प्राशनेद्विजः । अज्ञानकृतपापस्य नाशः सन्ध्यात्रये कृते

kṛtvopavāsaṁ retoviṇmūtrāṇāṁ prāśanedvijaḥ ajñānakṛtapāpasya nāśaḥ sandhyātraye kṛte

Having fasted, the twice-born should partake of the purifying substances. The destruction of sin committed in ignorance comes through the threefold performance of the twilight rite,

Verse 56 (garuda.1.105.56)

रुद्रैकादशजप्याद्धि पापनाशो भवेद्द्विजैः । वेदाभ्यासरतं शान्तं पञ्चयज्ञक्रियापरम्

rudraikādaśajapyāddhi pāpanāśo bhaveddvijaiḥ vedābhyāsarataṁ śāntaṁ pañcayajñakriyāparam

and through the recitation of the eleven Rudras, sin's destruction comes for the twice-born. Sins do not touch one devoted to Vedic study, peaceful, and engaged in the five daily sacrifices —

Verse 57 (garuda.1.105.57)

न स्पृशन्ति हा पापानि चाशु स्मृत्वा ह्यपोहितः । जप्त्वा सहस्त्रगायत्त्रीं शुचिर्ब्रह्महणादृते

na spṛśanti hā pāpāni cāśu smṛtvā hyapohitaḥ japtvā sahastragāyattrīṁ śucirbrahmahaṇādṛte

sins do not touch him; upon mere remembrance, they swiftly depart. Having recited the Gayatri a thousand times, one becomes pure — except from the sin of killing a brahmin.

Verse 58 (garuda.1.105.58)

ब्रह्मचर्य्यं दया क्षान्तिर्ध्यानं सत्यमकल्कता । अहिंसा स्तेयमाधुर्य्ये दमश्चैते यमाः स्मृताः

brahmacaryyaṁ dayā kṣāntirdhyānaṁ satyamakalkatā ahiṁsā steyamādhuryye damaścaite yamāḥ smṛtāḥ

Celibacy, compassion, forbearance, meditation, truthfulness, freedom from deceit, non-violence, non-stealing, gentleness, and self-restraint — these are remembered as the yamas.

Verse 59 (garuda.1.105.59)

स्नानमौनोपवासोज्यास्वाध्यायोपस्थनिग्रहः । तपोऽक्रोधो गुरोर्भक्तिः शौचं च नियमाः स्मृताः

snānamaunopavāsojyāsvādhyāyopasthanigrahaḥ tapo'krodho gurorbhaktiḥ śaucaṁ ca niyamāḥ smṛtāḥ

Bathing, silence, fasting, sacrifice, Vedic recitation, control of the senses, austerity, freedom from anger, devotion to the teacher, and purity — these are remembered as the niyamas.

Verse 60 (garuda.1.105.60)

पञ्चगव्यं तु गोक्षीरं दधिमूत्रशकृद्घृतम् । जग्ध्वा परेह्न्युपवसेत्कृच्छ्रं सान्तपनं चरेत्

pañcagavyaṁ tu gokṣīraṁ dadhimūtraśakṛdghṛtam jagdhvā parehnyupavasetkṛcchraṁ sāntapanaṁ caret

Cow's milk, curd, urine, dung, and ghee — this is the panchagavya. Having eaten this, one should fast the following day — this is the Krichchhra called Santapana.

Verse 61 (garuda.1.105.61)

पृथक् सान्तपनैर्द्रव्यैः षडहः सोपवासकः । सप्ताहेन तु कृच्छ्रोऽयं महासान्तपनः स्मृतः

pṛthak sāntapanairdravyaiḥ ṣaḍahaḥ sopavāsakaḥ saptāhena tu kṛcchro'yaṁ mahāsāntapanaḥ smṛtaḥ

With each of the santapana substances taken separately over six days, with a fast, over seven days total, this penance is called the Mahasantapana.

Verse 62 (garuda.1.105.62)

पर्णोदुम्बरराजीवबील्वपत्रकुशोदकैः । प्रत्येकं प्रत्यहाभ्यस्तैः पर्ण कृच्छ्र उदाहृतः

parṇodumbararājīvabīlvapatrakuśodakaiḥ pratyekaṁ pratyahābhyastaiḥ parṇa kṛcchra udāhṛtaḥ

With decoctions of parna, udumbara, rajiva, bilva-leaf, and kusha-water, each practiced daily in turn, this is called the Parna Krichchhra.

Verse 63 (garuda.1.105.63)

तप्तक्षीरघृताम्बूनामेकैकं प्रत्यहं पिबेत् । एकरात्रोपवासश्च तप्तकृच्छ्रश्च पावनः

taptakṣīraghṛtāmbūnāmekaikaṁ pratyahaṁ pibet ekarātropavāsaśca taptakṛcchraśca pāvanaḥ

Drinking, one by one each day, heated milk, ghee, and water, with a fast for one night — this is the purifying Tapta Krichchhra.

Verse 64 (garuda.1.105.64)

एकभक्तेन नक्तेन तथैवायाचितेन च । उपवासेन चैकेन पादकृच्छ्र उदाहृतः

ekabhaktena naktena tathaivāyācitena ca upavāsena caikena pādakṛcchra udāhṛtaḥ

With one meal a day, with an evening-only meal, with unasked food, and with one day's fast — this is called the Pada Krichchhra.

Verse 65 (garuda.1.105.65)

यथा कथञ्चित्त्रिगुणः प्रजापत्योऽयमुच्यते । अयमेवातिकृच्छ्रः स्यात्पाणिपूर्णाम्बुभोजनात्

yathā kathañcittriguṇaḥ prajāpatyo'yamucyate ayamevātikṛcchraḥ syātpāṇipūrṇāmbubhojanāt

In whatever way, tripled, this is called the Prajapatya. This same sequence, performed with only a palm-full of water, is the Atikrichchhra.

Verse 66 (garuda.1.105.66)

कृच्छ्रातिकृच्छ्रं पयसा दिवसानेकविंशतिम् । द्वादशाहोपवासैश्च पराकः समुदाहृतः

kṛcchrātikṛcchraṁ payasā divasānekaviṁśatim dvādaśāhopavāsaiśca parākaḥ samudāhṛtaḥ

The Krichchhratikrichchhra is performed with milk for twenty-one days. With twelve days of fasting, the penance is called the Paraka.

Verse 67 (garuda.1.105.67)

पिण्याकाचामतक्राम्बुसक्तूनां प्रतिवासरम् । एकैकमुपवासश्च कृच्छ्रः सौम्योऽयमुच्यते

piṇyākācāmatakrāmbusaktūnāṁ prativāsaram ekaikamupavāsaśca kṛcchraḥ saumyo'yamucyate

With oil-cake, rice-water, buttermilk, water, and roasted-grain flour, one each day, with a fast — this penance is called the Saumya.

Verse 68 (garuda.1.105.68)

एषां त्रिरात्रमभ्यासादेकैकं स्याद्यथाक्रमात् । तुलापुरुष इत्येष ज्ञेयः पंचदशाहिकः

eṣāṁ trirātramabhyāsādekaikaṁ syādyathākramāt tulāpuruṣa ityeṣa jñeyaḥ paṁcadaśāhikaḥ

By the threefold daily practice of each of these, in order, this penance, extending over fifteen days, is known as the Tulapurusha.

Verse 69 (garuda.1.105.69)

तिथिपिण्डांश्चरेद्वृद्ध्या शुक्ले शिख्यण्डसम्मितान् । एकैकं ह्रासयेत्कृष्णे पिण्डं चान्द्रायणं चरेत्

tithipiṇḍāṁścaredvṛddhyā śukle śikhyaṇḍasammitān ekaikaṁ hrāsayetkṛṣṇe piṇḍaṁ cāndrāyaṇaṁ caret

In the bright fortnight, one should eat morsels increasing daily by the size of a peacock's egg, according to the lunar day; in the dark fortnight, decrease each morsel by one — this is the Chandrayana observance.

Verse 70 (garuda.1.105.70)

यथाकथञ्चित्पिण्डानां चत्वारिंशच्छतद्वयम् । मासेनैवोपभुञ्जीत चान्द्रायणमथापरम्

yathākathañcitpiṇḍānāṁ catvāriṁśacchatadvayam māsenaivopabhuñjīta cāndrāyaṇamathāparam

In whatever way, two hundred and forty morsels should be consumed within a month — this is another form of the Chandrayana.

Verse 71 (garuda.1.105.71)

कृत्वा त्रिषवणं स्नानं पिण्डं चान्द्रायणं चरेत् । पवित्राणि जपेत्पिण्डान् गायत्त्र्या चाभिमन्त्रयेत्

kṛtvā triṣavaṇaṁ snānaṁ piṇḍaṁ cāndrāyaṇaṁ caret pavitrāṇi japetpiṇḍān gāyattryā cābhimantrayet

Having performed the threefold daily bathing, one should observe the morsel-based Chandrayana; one should recite the purificatory verses and consecrate the morsels with the Gayatri.

Verse 72 (garuda.1.105.72)

अनादिष्टेषु पापेषु शुद्धिश्चान्द्रायणेन तु । धर्मार्थो यश्चरेदेतच्चन्द्रस्यैति सलोकताम्

anādiṣṭeṣu pāpeṣu śuddhiścāndrāyaṇena tu dharmārtho yaścaredetaccandrasyaiti salokatām

For sins not specifically enumerated, purification comes through the Chandrayana. Whoever performs this out of devotion to dharma attains the world of the Moon.

Verse 73 (garuda.1.105.73)

कृच्छ्रकृद्धर्मकामस्तु महतीं श्रियमश्नुते

kṛcchrakṛddharmakāmastu mahatīṁ śriyamaśnute

One who performs the Krichchhra penance out of desire for dharma enjoys great prosperity.