The Diagnosis of All Diseases

Verse 1 (garuda.1.146.1)

धन्वन्तरिरुवाच । सर्वरोगनिदानञ्च वक्ष्ये सुश्रुत तत्त्वतः । आत्रेयाद्यैर्मुनिवरैर्यथा पूर्वमुदीरितम्

dhanvantariruvāca sarvaroganidānañca vakṣye suśruta tattvataḥ ātreyādyairmunivarairyathā pūrvamudīritam

Dhanvantari said: I shall declare, O Sushruta, the true diagnosis of all diseases, just as it was formerly expounded by Atreya and other great sages.

Verse 2 (garuda.1.146.2)

रोगः पाप्मा ज्वरो व्याधिर्विकारो दुष्ट आमयः । यक्ष्मातङ्कगदा बाधाः शब्दाः पर्यायवाचिनः

rogaḥ pāpmā jvaro vyādhirvikāro duṣṭa āmayaḥ yakṣmātaṅkagadā bādhāḥ śabdāḥ paryāyavācinaḥ

Roga, papma, jvara, vyadhi, vikara, dushta, amaya, yakshma, ataka, gada, badha — these words are all synonyms for disease.

Verse 3 (garuda.1.146.3)

निदानं पूर्वरूपाणि रूपाण्युपशयस्तथा । संप्राप्तिश्चैति विज्ञानं रोगाणां पञ्चधा स्मृतम्

nidānaṁ pūrvarūpāṇi rūpāṇyupaśayastathā saṁprāptiścaiti vijñānaṁ rogāṇāṁ pañcadhā smṛtam

Nidana, the cause; purva-rupa, the premonitory signs; rupa, the symptoms; upashaya, the therapeutic trial; and samprapti, the pathogenesis — the knowledge of diseases is thus held to be fivefold.

Verse 4 (garuda.1.146.4)

निमित्तहेत्वायतनप्रत्ययोत्थानकारणैः । निदानमाहुः पर्यायैः प्राग्रूपं येन लक्ष्यते

nimittahetvāyatanapratyayotthānakāraṇaiḥ nidānamāhuḥ paryāyaiḥ prāgrūpaṁ yena lakṣyate

Nidana is called, by these synonyms, occasion, cause, seat, condition, origin, and reason; by it the premonitory sign is made known.

Verse 5 (garuda.1.146.5)

उत्पित्सुरामयो दोषविशेषेणानधिष्ठितः । लिङ्गमव्यक्तमल्पत्वाद्व्याधीनां तद्यथायथम्

utpitsurāmayo doṣaviśeṣeṇānadhiṣṭhitaḥ liṅgamavyaktamalpatvādvyādhīnāṁ tadyathāyatham

When a disease is about to arise, and is not yet established by any particular vitiated humor, its sign is unclear, being still slight — this, appropriately, is the premonitory stage of disease.

Verse 6 (garuda.1.146.6)

तदेव व्यक्ततां यातं रूपमित्यभिधीयते । संस्थानां व्यञ्जनं लिङ्गं लक्षणं चिह्नमाकृतिः

tadeva vyaktatāṁ yātaṁ rūpamityabhidhīyate saṁsthānāṁ vyañjanaṁ liṅgaṁ lakṣaṇaṁ cihnamākṛtiḥ

That same sign, once it has become manifest, is called rupa, the symptom. Samsthana, vyanjana, linga, lakshana, chihna, and akriti are its synonyms.

Verse 7 (garuda.1.146.7)

हेतुव्याधिविपर्यस्तविपर्यस्तार्थकारिणाम् । औषधान्नविहाराणामुपयोगं सुखावहम्

hetuvyādhiviparyastaviparyastārthakāriṇām auṣadhānnavihārāṇāmupayogaṁ sukhāvaham

The application of medicine, food, and conduct that act contrary to the cause, contrary to the disease, and bring comfort —

Verse 8 (garuda.1.146.8)

विद्यादुपशयं व्याधेः स हि सात्म्यमिति स्मृतः । विपरीतोऽनुपशयो व्याध्यसात्म्येतिसंज्ञितः

vidyādupaśayaṁ vyādheḥ sa hi sātmyamiti smṛtaḥ viparīto'nupaśayo vyādhyasātmyetisaṁjñitaḥ

should be known as the upashaya, the therapeutic trial, of the disease; this indeed is called sātmya, the agreeable. Its opposite, anupashaya, is termed asātmya, the disagreeable, to the disease.

Verse 9 (garuda.1.146.9)

यथा दुष्टेन दोषेण यथा चानुविसर्पता । निर्वृत्तिरामयस्यासौ संप्राप्तिरभिधीयते

yathā duṣṭena doṣeṇa yathā cānuvisarpatā nirvṛttirāmayasyāsau saṁprāptirabhidhīyate

The manner in which, through the vitiated humor, and as it continues to spread, the disease comes to manifest itself — this is called samprapti, the pathogenesis.

Verse 10 (garuda.1.146.10)

संख्याविकल्पप्राधान्यबलकालविशेषतः । सा भिद्यते यथात्रैव वक्ष्यन्तेऽष्टौ ज्वरा इति

saṁkhyāvikalpaprādhānyabalakālaviśeṣataḥ sā bhidyate yathātraiva vakṣyante'ṣṭau jvarā iti

This is differentiated by number, variety, predominance, strength, and time — as, for example, eight kinds of fever will be described further on in this same work.

Verse 11 (garuda.1.146.11)

दोषाणां समवेतानां विकल्पोशांशकल्पना । स्वातन्त्र्यपारतन्त्र्याभ्यां व्याधेः प्राधान्यमादिशेत्

doṣāṇāṁ samavetānāṁ vikalpośāṁśakalpanā svātantryapāratantryābhyāṁ vyādheḥ prādhānyamādiśet

The classification of variety concerns the combined humors and their proportions; the predominance of the disease is to be judged by its independence from, or dependence upon, other humors.

Verse 12 (garuda.1.146.12)

हेत्वादिकार्त्स्न्यावयवैर्बलाबलविशेषषणम् । नक्तन्दिनार्धभुक्तांशैर्व्याधिकालो यथामलम्

hetvādikārtsnyāvayavairbalābalaviśeṣaṣaṇam naktandinārdhabhuktāṁśairvyādhikālo yathāmalam

The distinction of strength and weakness follows from the completeness or partiality of the cause and so on; the timing of the disease is precisely determined by the periods of night, day, and partly-digested food.

Verse 13 (garuda.1.146.13)

इति प्रोक्तो निदानार्थः स व्यासेनोपदेक्ष्यते । सर्वेषामेव रोगाणां निदानं कुपिता मलाः

iti prokto nidānārthaḥ sa vyāsenopadekṣyate sarveṣāmeva rogāṇāṁ nidānaṁ kupitā malāḥ

Thus has the meaning of nidana been declared; it will now be taught in full. For every disease without exception, the true cause is the vitiated bodily humors.

Verse 14 (garuda.1.146.14)

तत्प्रकोपस्य तु प्रोक्तं विविधाहितसेवनम् । अहितस्त्रिविधो योगस्त्रयाणां प्रागुदाहृतः

tatprakopasya tu proktaṁ vividhāhitasevanam ahitastrividho yogastrayāṇāṁ prāgudāhṛtaḥ

Indulgence in various unwholesome practices is declared to be the cause of their aggravation. The unwholesome combination, as earlier described, is threefold for the three humors.

Verse 15 (garuda.1.146.15)

तिक्तोषणकषायाम्लरूक्षाप्रमितयोजनैः । धावनोदीरणनिशाजागरात्युच्चभाषणैः

tiktoṣaṇakaṣāyāmlarūkṣāpramitayojanaiḥ dhāvanodīraṇaniśājāgarātyuccabhāṣaṇaiḥ

By bitter, hot, astringent, and sour foods, and by dry, immoderate eating, by running, by excessive speaking, by staying awake at night, and by excessive exertion —

Verse 16 (garuda.1.146.16)

क्रियाभियोगबीशोकचिन्ताव्यायाममैथुनैः । ग्रीष्माहोरात्रभुक्त्यन्ते प्रकुप्यति समीरणः

kriyābhiyogabīśokacintāvyāyāmamaithunaiḥ grīṣmāhorātrabhuktyante prakupyati samīraṇaḥ

by exertion, fear, grief, worry, exercise, and sexual union, and at the end of summer, at the end of day and night, and once food has been digested, Vata becomes aggravated.

Verse 17 (garuda.1.146.17)

पित्तं कट्वालतीक्ष्णोष्णकटुक्रोधविदाहिभिः । शरन्मध्याह्नरात्र्यर्धविदाहसमयेषु च

pittaṁ kaṭvālatīkṣṇoṣṇakaṭukrodhavidāhibhiḥ śaranmadhyāhnarātryardhavidāhasamayeṣu ca

By pungent, sour, sharp, hot, and burning substances, and by anger, Pitta becomes aggravated — in autumn, at midday, at midnight, and also at the time of digestion.

Verse 18 (garuda.1.146.18)

स्वाद्वम्ललवणस्निग्धगुर्वभिष्यन्दिशीतलैः । आस्यास्वप्नसुखाजीर्णदिवास्वप्नादिबृंहणैः

svādvamlalavaṇasnigdhagurvabhiṣyandiśītalaiḥ āsyāsvapnasukhājīrṇadivāsvapnādibṛṁhaṇaiḥ

By sweet, sour, salty, unctuous, heavy, mucus-producing, and cold substances, and by sitting, sleeping, comfort, indigestion, and sleeping by day and similar sedentary habits —

Verse 19 (garuda.1.146.19)

प्रिच्छर्दनाद्ययोगेन भुक्तान्नस्याप्यजीर्णके । पूर्वाह्ने पूर्वरात्रे च श्लेष्मा वक्ष्यामि सङ्करान्

pricchardanādyayogena bhuktānnasyāpyajīrṇake pūrvāhne pūrvarātre ca śleṣmā vakṣyāmi saṅkarān

by improper vomiting and the like, and when food remains undigested, in the forenoon and in the early part of night, Kapha becomes aggravated. Now I shall describe the mixed conditions of the humors.

Verse 20 (garuda.1.146.20)

मिश्रीभावात्समस्तानां सन्निपातस्तथा पुनः । संकीर्णाजीर्णविषमविरुद्धाद्यशनादिभिः

miśrībhāvātsamastānāṁ sannipātastathā punaḥ saṁkīrṇājīrṇaviṣamaviruddhādyaśanādibhiḥ

From the mingling of all three humors arises what is called sannipata; this too is caused by mixed, undigested, irregular, and incompatible foods —

Verse 21 (garuda.1.146.21)

व्यापन्नमद्यपानीयशुष्कशाकाममूलकैः । पिण्याकमृत्यवसरपूतिशुष्ककृशमिषैः

vyāpannamadyapānīyaśuṣkaśākāmamūlakaiḥ piṇyākamṛtyavasarapūtiśuṣkakṛśamiṣaiḥ

by spoiled liquor and water, dried vegetables, unripe radish, oil-cake, and by rotten, foul, dry, and lean meats —

Verse 22 (garuda.1.146.22)

दोषत्रयकरैस्तैस्तैस्तथान्नपरिवर्ततः । धातोर्दुष्टात्पुरो वाताद्द्विग्रहावेशविप्लवात्

doṣatrayakaraistaistaistathānnaparivartataḥ dhātorduṣṭātpuro vātāddvigrahāveśaviplavāt

by all such causes that produce the three humors together, and by improper change of diet, by vitiated bodily tissue, by a preceding aggravation of Vata, by possession by malign influences, and by disturbance —

Verse 23 (garuda.1.146.23)

दुष्टामान्नैरतिश्लैष्मग्रहैर्जन्मर्क्षपीडनात् । मिथ्यायोगाच्च विविधात्पापानाञ्च निषेवणात् । स्त्रीणां प्रसववैषम्यात्तथा मिथ्योपचारतः

duṣṭāmānnairatiślaiṣmagrahairjanmarkṣapīḍanāt mithyāyogācca vividhātpāpānāñca niṣevaṇāt strīṇāṁ prasavavaiṣamyāttathā mithyopacārataḥ

by spoiled and undigested food, by excess-kapha-causing afflictions, by adverse influence of the birth-star, by various improper combinations, by indulgence in sinful acts, by irregularity in a woman's childbirth, and likewise by wrong treatment —

Verse 24 (garuda.1.146.24)

प्रतिरोगमिति क्रुद्धा रोगविध्यनुगामिनः । रसायनं प्रपद्याशु दोषा देहे विकुर्वते

pratirogamiti kruddhā rogavidhyanugāminaḥ rasāyanaṁ prapadyāśu doṣā dehe vikurvate

the humors, thus aggravated according to each disease, following the course of the illness, quickly overwhelming even rejuvenative treatment, produce disorder in the body.