Prayashchitta: The Rules of Expiation

Verse 1 (garuda.1.222.1)

ब्रह्मोवाच । प्रायश्चित्तादि वक्ष्येऽहं नरकौघविमर्दनम् । मक्षिका विप्रुषो नारी भुवि तोयं हुताशनः । मार्जारो नकुलश्चैव शुचीन्येतानि नित्यशः

brahmovāca prāyaścittādi vakṣye'haṁ narakaughavimardanam makṣikā vipruṣo nārī bhuvi toyaṁ hutāśanaḥ mārjāro nakulaścaiva śucīnyetāni nityaśaḥ

Brahma said: I shall now describe expiations and the like, which overwhelm the flood of hells. A fly, water-drops, a woman, earth, water, fire, a cat, and a mongoose — these are ever counted pure.

Verse 2 (garuda.1.222.2)

यः शूद्रोच्छिष्टसंस्पृष्टं प्रमादाद्भक्षयेद्द्विजः । अहोरात्रोषितो भूत्वा पञ्चगव्येन शुध्यति

yaḥ śūdrocchiṣṭasaṁspṛṣṭaṁ pramādādbhakṣayeddvijaḥ ahorātroṣito bhūtvā pañcagavyena śudhyati

A twice-born who through carelessness eats food touched by a shudra's leftovers is purified, after fasting a day and night, by panchagavya.

Verse 3 (garuda.1.222.3)

विप्रो विप्रेण संस्पृष्ट उच्छिष्टेन कदाचन । स्नानं जप्यञ्च कर्तव्यं दिनस्यान्ते च भोजनम्

vipro vipreṇa saṁspṛṣṭa ucchiṣṭena kadācana snānaṁ japyañca kartavyaṁ dinasyānte ca bhojanam

If a brahmin is ever touched by another brahmin's leftover food, he should bathe and recite mantras, and eat only at the end of the day.

Verse 4 (garuda.1.222.4)

अन्नं समक्षिकाकेशं शुध्येद्वान्तेन तत्क्षणात् । यश्च पाणितले भुङ्क्ते अङ्गुल्या बाहुना च यः

annaṁ samakṣikākeśaṁ śudhyedvāntena tatkṣaṇāt yaśca pāṇitale bhuṅkte aṅgulyā bāhunā ca yaḥ

Food with a fly or hair in it becomes pure the instant it is cast aside. He who eats from his palm, with his fingers, or letting it touch his arm —

Verse 5 (garuda.1.222.5)

अहोरात्रेण शुध्येत पिबेद्यदि न वार्युत । पीतशेषन्तु यत्तोयं वामहस्तेन मद्यवत्

ahorātreṇa śudhyeta pibedyadi na vāryuta pītaśeṣantu yattoyaṁ vāmahastena madyavat

— is purified in a day and night, provided he has not also drunk water in that manner. Water left over after drinking, if held in the left hand, is treated as impure like liquor.

Verse 6 (garuda.1.222.6)

चर्ममध्यगतं तोयमशुचि स्यान्न तत्पिबेत् । अन्त्यजातिरविज्ञातो निवसेद्यस्य वेश्मनि

carmamadhyagataṁ toyamaśuci syānna tatpibet antyajātiravijñāto nivasedyasya veśmani

Water kept in a leather vessel is impure; one should not drink it. If an unrecognized person of the lowest caste dwells in someone's house,

Verse 7 (garuda.1.222.7)

चान्द्रायणं पराकं वा द्विजातीनां विशोधनम् । प्राजापत्यन्तु शूद्रस्य पश्चाज्ज्ञाते तथापरे

cāndrāyaṇaṁ parākaṁ vā dvijātīnāṁ viśodhanam prājāpatyantu śūdrasya paścājjñāte tathāpare

— purification for the twice-born there is by Chandrayana or Paraka; for a shudra it is Prajapatya, and lesser penances once the fact becomes known later.

Verse 8 (garuda.1.222.8)

यस्तत्र भुङ्क्ते पक्वान्नं कृच्छ्रार्धं तस्य दापयेत् । तेषामपि च यो भुङ्क्ते कृच्छ्रपादो विधीयते

yastatra bhuṅkte pakvānnaṁ kṛcchrārdhaṁ tasya dāpayet teṣāmapi ca yo bhuṅkte kṛcchrapādo vidhīyate

He who eats cooked food in that house should undergo half a Krichchhra penance; and he who eats their food elsewhere is enjoined a quarter Krichchhra.

Verse 9 (garuda.1.222.9)

रजकानाञ्च शैलू षवेणुचर्मोपजीविनाम् । एतदन्नञ्च यो भुङ्क्ते द्विजश्चान्द्रायणं चरेत्

rajakānāñca śailū ṣaveṇucarmopajīvinām etadannañca yo bhuṅkte dvijaścāndrāyaṇaṁ caret

A twice-born who eats the food of washermen, actors, and those who work with bamboo or leather should perform the Chandrayana.

Verse 10 (garuda.1.222.10)

चाण्डालकूपभाण्डेषु अज्ञानाच्चेत्पिबेज्जलम् । कुर्यात्सान्तपनं विप्रस्तदर्धञ्च विशः स्मृतम्

cāṇḍālakūpabhāṇḍeṣu ajñānāccetpibejjalam kuryātsāntapanaṁ viprastadardhañca viśaḥ smṛtam

If, unknowingly, one drinks water from a chandala's well or vessel, a brahmin should perform the Santapana penance, and half of that is prescribed for a vaishya.

Verse 11 (garuda.1.222.11)

पादं शूद्रस्य दातव्यमज्ञानादन्त्यवेश्मनि । प्रायश्चित्तं त्रिकृच्छ्रं स्यात्पराकमन्त्यजागतौ

pādaṁ śūdrasya dātavyamajñānādantyaveśmani prāyaścittaṁ trikṛcchraṁ syātparākamantyajāgatau

A quarter is enjoined for a shudra; if one has eaten unknowingly in an outcaste's house, the penance is a triple Krichchhra, and Paraka if one went there knowingly.

Verse 12 (garuda.1.222.12)

अन्त्यजोच्छिष्टभुक्च्छुध्येद्द्विजश्चान्द्रायणेन च । चाण्डालन्नं यदा भुङ्क्ते प्रमादादैन्दवञ्चरेत्

antyajocchiṣṭabhukcchudhyeddvijaścāndrāyaṇena ca cāṇḍālannaṁ yadā bhuṅkte pramādādaindavañcaret

A twice-born who eats an outcaste's leftovers is purified by the Chandrayana; if one eats a chandala's food through carelessness, one should perform the Aindava (lunar) penance.

Verse 13 (garuda.1.222.13)

क्षत्त्रजातिः सान्तपनं षड्द्विरात्रं परे तथा । एकवृक्ष तु चण्डालः प्रमादाद्ब्राह्मणो यदि । फलं भक्षयते तत्र अहोरात्रेण शुध्यति

kṣattrajātiḥ sāntapanaṁ ṣaḍdvirātraṁ pare tathā ekavṛkṣa tu caṇḍālaḥ pramādādbrāhmaṇo yadi phalaṁ bhakṣayate tatra ahorātreṇa śudhyati

For a kshatriya, the Santapana; for the other two, a fast of six and two nights respectively. If a brahmin has unknowingly eaten fruit from the same tree a chandala has also eaten from, he is purified in a day and night.

Verse 14 (garuda.1.222.14)

भुक्त्वोपविष्टोऽनाचान्तश्चण्डालं यदि संस्पृशेत् । गायत्त्र्यष्टसहस्रन्तु द्रुपदां वा शतं जपेत्

bhuktvopaviṣṭo'nācāntaścaṇḍālaṁ yadi saṁspṛśet gāyattryaṣṭasahasrantu drupadāṁ vā śataṁ japet

If, having eaten and sat down without sipping water, one has touched a chandala, one should recite the Gayatri a thousand and eight times, or 'drupada' a hundred times.

Verse 15 (garuda.1.222.15)

चाण्डालश्वपचैर्वापि विण्मूत्रे तु कृते द्विजाः । प्रायश्चित्तं त्रिरात्रं स्यात्पराकश्चान्त्यजागतौ

cāṇḍālaśvapacairvāpi viṇmūtre tu kṛte dvijāḥ prāyaścittaṁ trirātraṁ syātparākaścāntyajāgatau

If twice-born have their excrement or urine handled by chandalas or dog-cookers, the penance should be a three-night fast; and Paraka if one knowingly went to an outcaste's dwelling.

Verse 16 (garuda.1.222.16)

अकामतः स्त्रियो गत्वा पराकस्तत्र साधकः । अन्त्यजातिप्रसूतस्य प्रायश्चित्तं न विद्यते

akāmataḥ striyo gatvā parākastatra sādhakaḥ antyajātiprasūtasya prāyaścittaṁ na vidyate

If one has gone inadvertently to a woman, Paraka is the remedy there. For one born into the lowest caste, no such penance exists.

Verse 17 (garuda.1.222.17)

मद्यादिदुष्टभाण्डेषु यादपः पिबति द्विजः । कृच्छ्रपादेन शुध्येद्वै पुनः संस्कारकर्मणा

madyādiduṣṭabhāṇḍeṣu yādapaḥ pibati dvijaḥ kṛcchrapādena śudhyedvai punaḥ saṁskārakarmaṇā

A twice-born who drinks water from vessels contaminated by liquor and the like is purified by a quarter-Krichchhra and again by the rite of re-consecration.

Verse 18 (garuda.1.222.18)

ये प्रत्यवसिता विप्रा वज्राग्निपवनादिषु । अन्नपानादि संगृह्य चिकीर्षन्ति गृहान्तरम्

ye pratyavasitā viprā vajrāgnipavanādiṣu annapānādi saṁgṛhya cikīrṣanti gṛhāntaram

Brahmins who have fallen through thunderbolt, fire, storm, and the like, who gather food and drink and wish to establish another household,

Verse 19 (garuda.1.222.19)

चारयेत्त्रीणि कृच्छाणि त्रीणि चान्द्रायणानि वै । जातकर्मादिसंस्कारं वसिष्ठो मुनिरब्रवीत्

cārayettrīṇi kṛcchāṇi trīṇi cāndrāyaṇāni vai jātakarmādisaṁskāraṁ vasiṣṭho munirabravīt

— should perform three Krichchhras and three Chandrayanas; the sage Vasishtha declared they should undergo again the rites beginning with jatakarma.

Verse 20 (garuda.1.222.20)

प्राजापत्यादिभिर्द्रष्टा स्त्री शुध्येत्तु द्विभोजनात् । उच्छिष्टोच्छिष्टसंस्पृष्टंशुना शूद्रेण वा द्विजः

prājāpatyādibhirdraṣṭā strī śudhyettu dvibhojanāt ucchiṣṭocchiṣṭasaṁspṛṣṭaṁśunā śūdreṇa vā dvijaḥ

A woman [seen in an improper state] is purified through the Prajapatya and similar penances, [reduced to] two meals a day. A twice-born touched by leftovers, by a dog, or by a shudra —

Verse 21 (garuda.1.222.21)

उपोष्य रजनीमेकां पञ्चगव्येन शुध्यति । वर्णबाह्येन संस्पृष्टः पञ्चरात्रेण वै तदा

upoṣya rajanīmekāṁ pañcagavyena śudhyati varṇabāhyena saṁspṛṣṭaḥ pañcarātreṇa vai tadā

— having fasted one night, is purified with panchagavya. If touched by one wholly outside the varnas, purification is by a five-night fast.

Verse 22 (garuda.1.222.22)

अदुष्टाः सन्तता धाराः वातोद्धूताश्च रेणवः । स्त्रियो बालाश्च वृद्धाश्च न दुष्यन्ति कदाचन

aduṣṭāḥ santatā dhārāḥ vātoddhūtāśca reṇavaḥ striyo bālāśca vṛddhāśca na duṣyanti kadācana

An unbroken flowing stream, dust stirred by the wind, women, children, and the elderly — these never become impure.

Verse 23 (garuda.1.222.23)

नित्यमास्यं शुचि स्त्रीणां शकुन्तैः पातितं फलम् । प्रस्त्रवे च शुचिर्वत्सः श्वा मृगग्रहणे शुचिः

nityamāsyaṁ śuci strīṇāṁ śakuntaiḥ pātitaṁ phalam prastrave ca śucirvatsaḥ śvā mṛgagrahaṇe śuciḥ

A woman's mouth is ever pure; fruit dropped by birds is pure; a calf is pure while suckling; a dog is pure when catching game.

Verse 24 (garuda.1.222.24)

उदके चोदकस्थं तु स्थलेषु स्थलजं शुचि । पादौ स्थाप्यौ च तत्रैव आचान्तः शुचितामियात्

udake codakasthaṁ tu sthaleṣu sthalajaṁ śuci pādau sthāpyau ca tatraiva ācāntaḥ śucitāmiyāt

That which belongs to water is pure in water; that which belongs to land is pure on land. Having washed the feet there itself and sipped water, one attains purity.

Verse 25 (garuda.1.222.25)

शुध्येत्तद्भस्मना कांस्यं सुरया यन्न लिप्यते । मूत्रेण सुरया मिश्रं तपनैः खलु शुध्यति

śudhyettadbhasmanā kāṁsyaṁ surayā yanna lipyate mūtreṇa surayā miśraṁ tapanaiḥ khalu śudhyati

Bronze is purified with its own ash, provided it is not smeared with liquor; if mixed with urine or liquor, it is purified only by heating.

Verse 26 (garuda.1.222.26)

गवाघ्रातानि कांस्यानि शूद्रोच्छिष्टानि यानि च । काकश्वापहतान्येव शुध्यन्ति दश भस्मना

gavāghrātāni kāṁsyāni śūdrocchiṣṭāni yāni ca kākaśvāpahatānyeva śudhyanti daśa bhasmanā

Bronze vessels smelled by a cow, or touched by a shudra's leftovers, or defiled by crows and dogs, are purified by rubbing with ash ten times.

Verse 27 (garuda.1.222.27)

शूद्रभाजनभोक्ता यः पञ्चगव्यं त्र्युपोषितः । उच्छिष्टं स्पृशते विप्रः श्वसूद्रश्चापराधिकः

śūdrabhājanabhoktā yaḥ pañcagavyaṁ tryupoṣitaḥ ucchiṣṭaṁ spṛśate vipraḥ śvasūdraścāparādhikaḥ

He who eats from a shudra's vessel is purified, after a three-day fast, by panchagavya. A brahmin who touches leftovers, or is touched by a dog or a transgressing shudra,

Verse 28 (garuda.1.222.28)

उपोषितः पञ्चगव्याच्छुध्येत्स्पृष्ट्वा रजस्वलाम् । अनुदकेषु देशेषु चोरव्याघ्राकुले पथि

upoṣitaḥ pañcagavyācchudhyetspṛṣṭvā rajasvalām anudakeṣu deśeṣu coravyāghrākule pathi

— is purified by fasting and panchagavya, likewise after touching a menstruating woman. In waterless regions, or on a road infested with thieves and tigers,

Verse 29 (garuda.1.222.29)

कृत्वा मूत्रपुरीषन्तु द्रव्यहस्तो न दुष्यति । भूमौनिः क्षैप्य तद्द्रव्यं शौचं कृत्वा समाहितः

kṛtvā mūtrapurīṣantu dravyahasto na duṣyati bhūmauniḥ kṣaipya taddravyaṁ śaucaṁ kṛtvā samāhitaḥ

— one who relieves himself while holding an object does not thereby defile it; setting the object upon the ground, one should perform purification with a composed mind.

Verse 30 (garuda.1.222.30)

आरनालं दधि क्षीरं तक्रन्तु कृसरञ्च यत् । शूद्रादपि च तद्गाह्यं मांसं मधु तथान्त्यजात्

āranālaṁ dadhi kṣīraṁ takrantu kṛsarañca yat śūdrādapi ca tadgāhyaṁ māṁsaṁ madhu tathāntyajāt

Sour gruel, curd, milk, buttermilk, and rice-lentil porridge may be accepted even from a shudra; meat and honey may be accepted even from an outcaste.

Verse 31 (garuda.1.222.31)

गौडीं पैष्टीञ्च माध्वीकं विप्रादिर्यः सुरां पिबेत् । सुरां पिबन्द्विजः शुध्येदग्निवर्णां सुरां पिबन्

gauḍīṁ paiṣṭīñca mādhvīkaṁ viprādiryaḥ surāṁ pibet surāṁ pibandvijaḥ śudhyedagnivarṇāṁ surāṁ piban

A brahmin or other who drinks liquor made from molasses, flour, or honey — a twice-born who has drunk liquor is purified only by drinking fire-hued (boiling) liquor as expiation.

Verse 32 (garuda.1.222.32)

विप्रः पञ्चशतं जप्यं गायत्र्याः क्षत्रियस्य च शतं विप्रश्च भुक्त्वान्नं पानपात्रेण सूतके

vipraḥ pañcaśataṁ japyaṁ gāyatryāḥ kṣatriyasya ca śataṁ vipraśca bhuktvānnaṁ pānapātreṇa sūtake

A brahmin is enjoined five hundred recitations of the Gayatri, a kshatriya a hundred; the same applies to one who has eaten food, or used a drinking-vessel, in a birth-impure household.

Verse 33 (garuda.1.222.33)

शुचिर्विप्रो दशाहेन क्षत्त्रियो द्वादशाहतः । वैश्यः पञ्चदशाहन शूद्रो मासेन शुध्यति

śucirvipro daśāhena kṣattriyo dvādaśāhataḥ vaiśyaḥ pañcadaśāhana śūdro māsena śudhyati

A brahmin becomes pure in ten days, a kshatriya in twelve days; a vaishya in fifteen days, and a shudra becomes pure in a month.

Verse 34 (garuda.1.222.34)

राज्ञां युद्धेषु यज्ञादौ देशान्तरगतेषु च । बाले प्रेते मासिके च सद्यः शौचं विधीयते

rājñāṁ yuddheṣu yajñādau deśāntaragateṣu ca bāle prete māsike ca sadyaḥ śaucaṁ vidhīyate

For kings in battle, at the start of a sacrifice, when traveling abroad, at the death of an infant, and at the monthly rite — immediate purification is enjoined.

Verse 35 (garuda.1.222.35)

अविवाहा तथा कन्या द्विजो मौञ्जीविवर्जितः । जतदन्तश्च बालश्च कुमारी च त्रिवर्षिका

avivāhā tathā kanyā dvijo mauñjīvivarjitaḥ jatadantaśca bālaśca kumārī ca trivarṣikā

An unmarried girl, a twice-born boy not yet invested with the sacred thread, an infant still teething, a young child, and a girl of three years —

Verse 36 (garuda.1.222.36)

तेषां शुद्धिस्त्रिरात्रेण गर्भस्त्रावे त्रिरात्रिभिः । सूतायां मासतुल्याश्च चतुर्थेऽह्नि रजस्वला

teṣāṁ śuddhistrirātreṇa garbhastrāve trirātribhiḥ sūtāyāṁ māsatulyāśca caturthe'hni rajasvalā

— their purification is by three nights; likewise at a miscarriage, three nights; at childbirth the purification is equal to a month, and a menstruating woman is pure on the fourth day.

Verse 37 (garuda.1.222.37)

दुर्भिक्षे राष्ट्रसंपते सूतके मृतकेपि वा । नियमाश्च न दुष्यन्ति दानधर्मपरास्तथा

durbhikṣe rāṣṭrasaṁpate sūtake mṛtakepi vā niyamāśca na duṣyanti dānadharmaparāstathā

In famine, in national calamity, and even in birth- or death-impurity, the observances of those devoted to charitable dharma are not corrupted.

Verse 38 (garuda.1.222.38)

दक्षिकाले विवाहादौ देवद्विजनिमन्त्रिते । पूर्वसंकल्पिते वापि नाशौचं मृतसूतके

dakṣikāle vivāhādau devadvijanimantrite pūrvasaṁkalpite vāpi nāśaucaṁ mṛtasūtake

At the time of giving dakshina, at a wedding and the like, when gods and brahmins have been invited, or in a rite already resolved upon, the impurity of death or birth does not obstruct it.

Verse 39 (garuda.1.222.39)

प्रसूतपत्नीसंस्पर्शादशुचिः स्यात्तथा द्विजः । अग्नयो यत्र हूयन्ते वेदो वा यत्र पठ्यते

prasūtapatnīsaṁsparśādaśuciḥ syāttathā dvijaḥ agnayo yatra hūyante vedo vā yatra paṭhyate

A twice-born becomes impure by touching his wife who has just given birth. But where fires are constantly offered, or where the Veda is constantly recited,

Verse 40 (garuda.1.222.40)

सततं वैश्वदेवा दि न तेषां सूतकं भवेत् । अशुद्धे च गृहे भुक्ते त्रिरात्राच्छुध्यति द्विजः

satataṁ vaiśvadevā di na teṣāṁ sūtakaṁ bhavet aśuddhe ca gṛhe bhukte trirātrācchudhyati dvijaḥ

— where the Vaishvadeva rite and the like are performed without cease, no birth-impurity applies there. A twice-born who has eaten in an impure house is purified after three nights.

Verse 41 (garuda.1.222.41)

ब्राह्मणी क्षत्रिया वैश्या शूद्रा चैव रजस्वला । अन्योन्यस्पर्शनात्तत्र ब्राह्मणी तु त्रिरात्रतः

brāhmaṇī kṣatriyā vaiśyā śūdrā caiva rajasvalā anyonyasparśanāttatra brāhmaṇī tu trirātrataḥ

If a menstruating brahmin, kshatriya, vaishya, or shudra woman touches one another — the brahmin woman is purified after three nights,

Verse 42 (garuda.1.222.42)

द्विरात्रतः क्षत्रिया च शुद्धा वैश्या ह्युपोषिता । शूद्रा स्नानेन शुध्येत्तु द्रोणार्थं न विसर्जयेत्

dvirātrataḥ kṣatriyā ca śuddhā vaiśyā hyupoṣitā śūdrā snānena śudhyettu droṇārthaṁ na visarjayet

— the kshatriya woman after two nights, the vaishya woman is purified merely by fasting; the shudra woman is purified merely by bathing — such a small fault should not be given a large penance.

Verse 43 (garuda.1.222.43)

काकश्वानोपनी तन्तु अन्नं बाह्यन्तु तत्त्यजेत् । सुवर्णाद्भैः समभ्युक्ष्य हुताशे च प्रतापयेत्

kākaśvānopanī tantu annaṁ bāhyantu tattyajet suvarṇādbhaiḥ samabhyukṣya hutāśe ca pratāpayet

Food carried off by a crow or dog should be discarded; such a vessel should be sprinkled with gold-water and heated over fire.

Verse 44 (garuda.1.222.44)

कूपे च पतितान्दृष्ट्वा श्वशृगालौ च मर्कटम् । तत्कूपस्योदकं पीत्वा शुध्येद्विप्रस्त्रिभिर्दिनैः । क्षत्रियोऽहर्द्वयेनैव वैश्यो वैकाहतः परम्

kūpe ca patitāndṛṣṭvā śvaśṛgālau ca markaṭam tatkūpasyodakaṁ pītvā śudhyedviprastribhirdinaiḥ kṣatriyo'hardvayenaiva vaiśyo vaikāhataḥ param

Having seen a dog, jackal, or monkey fallen into a well, if one drinks that well's water, a brahmin is purified in three days, a kshatriya in two, and a vaishya in one day only.

Verse 45 (garuda.1.222.45)

अस्थि चर्म मलं वापि मूषिकां यदि कूपतः । उद्धृत्य चोदकं पञ्च गव्याच्छुद्ध्येत्तु शोधितम्

asthi carma malaṁ vāpi mūṣikāṁ yadi kūpataḥ uddhṛtya codakaṁ pañca gavyācchuddhyettu śodhitam

If bone, hide, filth, or a mouse is drawn up from a well, having removed it, the water is purified with panchagavya.

Verse 46 (garuda.1.222.46)

तडागे पुष्करिण्यादौ भस्मादिं पातयेत्तथा । षट्कुम्भानप उत्द्धृय पञ्चगव्येन शुध्यति

taḍāge puṣkariṇyādau bhasmādiṁ pātayettathā ṣaṭkumbhānapa utddhṛya pañcagavyena śudhyati

If ash and the like fall into a tank or lotus-pond, purification is by drawing out six pitchers of water and using panchagavya.

Verse 47 (garuda.1.222.47)

स्त्रीरजः पतितं मध्ये त्रिंशत्कुम्भान्समुद्धरेत् । अगम्यागमनं कृत्वा मद्यगोमांसभक्षणम्

strīrajaḥ patitaṁ madhye triṁśatkumbhānsamuddharet agamyāgamanaṁ kṛtvā madyagomāṁsabhakṣaṇam

If a woman's menstrual blood falls into it, thirty pitchers of water should be drawn out. Having committed intercourse with a forbidden woman, or eaten liquor or cow's flesh,

Verse 48 (garuda.1.222.48)

शुध्ये च्चान्द्रायणाद्विप्रः प्राजापत्येन भूमिपः । वैश्यः सान्तपनाच्छूद्रः पञ्चाहोभिर्विशुध्यति

śudhye ccāndrāyaṇādvipraḥ prājāpatyena bhūmipaḥ vaiśyaḥ sāntapanācchūdraḥ pañcāhobhirviśudhyati

— a brahmin is purified by the Chandrayana, a king by the Prajapatya, a vaishya by the Santapana, and a shudra is purified in five days.

Verse 49 (garuda.1.222.49)

प्रायश्चित्ते कृते दद्याद्गवां ब्राह्मणभोजनम् । क्रीडायां शयनीयादौ नीलीवस्त्रं न दुष्यति

prāyaścitte kṛte dadyādgavāṁ brāhmaṇabhojanam krīḍāyāṁ śayanīyādau nīlīvastraṁ na duṣyati

When the penance is completed, one should give cows and feed brahmins. In play or upon one's bed, indigo-dyed cloth does not defile.

Verse 50 (garuda.1.222.50)

नीलीवस्त्रं न स्पृशेच्च नीली च निरयं ब्रजेत् । व्रह्मघ्नश्च सुरापश्च स्तेयी च गुरुतल्पगः

nīlīvastraṁ na spṛśecca nīlī ca nirayaṁ brajet vrahmaghnaśca surāpaśca steyī ca gurutalpagaḥ

Otherwise, indigo-cloth should not be touched, for the indigo-dyer goes to hell — like the killer of a brahmin, the drinker of liquor, the thief, and the defiler of the guru's bed.

Verse 51 (garuda.1.222.51)

ऋक्षं दृष्ट्वा विशुध्यन्ते तत्संयोगी च पञ्चमः । ततो धेनुशतं दद्याद्ब्राह्मणानान्तु भोजनम्

ṛkṣaṁ dṛṣṭvā viśudhyante tatsaṁyogī ca pañcamaḥ tato dhenuśataṁ dadyādbrāhmaṇānāntu bhojanam

By seeing a bear, these four are purified, and a fifth who associates with them likewise; thereafter a hundred cows should be given and brahmins fed.

Verse 52 (garuda.1.222.52)

ब्रह्महा द्वादशाब्दानि कुटीं कृत्वा वने वसेत् । न्यस्येदात्मानमग्नौ वा सुसमिद्धे सुरापकः

brahmahā dvādaśābdāni kuṭīṁ kṛtvā vane vaset nyasyedātmānamagnau vā susamiddhe surāpakaḥ

The killer of a brahmin should build a hut and dwell in the forest for twelve years; the drinker of liquor should cast himself into a well-kindled fire.

Verse 53 (garuda.1.222.53)

स्तेयी सर्वं वेदविदे ब्राह्मणायोपपादयेत् । वृषमेकं सहस्रं गां दद्याच्च गुरुतल्पगः

steyī sarvaṁ vedavide brāhmaṇāyopapādayet vṛṣamekaṁ sahasraṁ gāṁ dadyācca gurutalpagaḥ

The thief should surrender all his wealth to a Veda-knowing brahmin; the defiler of the guru's bed should give one bull and a thousand cows.

Verse 54 (garuda.1.222.54)

कृतपापश्चरेद्रोधे द्वौ पादौ बन्धयन्पशोः । सर्वकृच्छ्रं निपानेस्यात्कान्तारे गृहदाहतः

kṛtapāpaścaredrodhe dvau pādau bandhayanpaśoḥ sarvakṛcchraṁ nipānesyātkāntāre gṛhadāhataḥ

One who has committed such sin should walk about with an animal's two legs bound; for polluting a water-source, a full Krichchhra, and likewise for burning a house in the forest.

Verse 55 (garuda.1.222.55)

कण्ठाभरणदोषेण कृच्छ्रपादं मृते गवि । अस्थिभङ्गं गवां कृत्वा शृङ्गभङ्गमथापि वा

kaṇṭhābharaṇadoṣeṇa kṛcchrapādaṁ mṛte gavi asthibhaṅgaṁ gavāṁ kṛtvā śṛṅgabhaṅgamathāpi vā

For the fault of adorning a cow's neck causing her death, a quarter-Krichchhra; for breaking a cow's bone or its horn,

Verse 56 (garuda.1.222.56)

त्वग्भेदं पुच्छनाशे वा मासार्धं यावकं पिबेत् । सर्वं हस्त्यश्वशस्त्राद्यैर्निश्चयं कृच्छ्रमेव तु

tvagbhedaṁ pucchanāśe vā māsārdhaṁ yāvakaṁ pibet sarvaṁ hastyaśvaśastrādyairniścayaṁ kṛcchrameva tu

— for tearing its skin or destroying its tail, one should drink only barley-gruel for half a month. For all such harm caused by elephants, horses, weapons, and the like, a Krichchhra is definitely prescribed.

Verse 57 (garuda.1.222.57)

अज्ञानात्प्राश्य विण्मूत्रं सुरासंस्पृष्टमेव च । पुनः संस्कारमायान्ति त्रयो वर्णा द्विजातयः

ajñānātprāśya viṇmūtraṁ surāsaṁspṛṣṭameva ca punaḥ saṁskāramāyānti trayo varṇā dvijātayaḥ

Having unknowingly tasted excrement, urine, or something touched by liquor, the three twice-born classes must undergo re-consecration.

Verse 58 (garuda.1.222.58)

वपनं मेख्ला दण्डो भैक्ष्यचर्याव्रतानि च । निवर्तन्ते द्विजातीनां पुनः संस्कारकर्मणि

vapanaṁ mekhlā daṇḍo bhaikṣyacaryāvratāni ca nivartante dvijātīnāṁ punaḥ saṁskārakarmaṇi

Shaving, the girdle, the staff, begging for alms, and the vows — these are performed again for the twice-born in the rite of re-consecration.

Verse 59 (garuda.1.222.59)

आममांसं घृतं क्षौद्रं स्नेहश्च कालसम्भवाः । अन्त्यभाण्डस्थिताः सर्वे निष्क्रान्ताः शुचयः स्मृताः

āmamāṁsaṁ ghṛtaṁ kṣaudraṁ snehaśca kālasambhavāḥ antyabhāṇḍasthitāḥ sarve niṣkrāntāḥ śucayaḥ smṛtāḥ

Raw meat, ghee, honey, and oil — even affected by time, even when kept in an outcaste's vessel — once removed from it, are all remembered as pure.

Verse 60 (garuda.1.222.60)

तैलादिघृतमाध्वीकं पण्यद्रव्यं द्रवस्तथा । एकभक्तं क्रमान्नक्तं एकैकाहमयाचितम् । उपवासः पादकृच्छ्रं कृच्छार्धद्विगुणं हि यत्

tailādighṛtamādhvīkaṁ paṇyadravyaṁ dravastathā ekabhaktaṁ kramānnaktaṁ ekaikāhamayācitam upavāsaḥ pādakṛcchraṁ kṛcchārdhadviguṇaṁ hi yat

Oil, ghee, honey, and similar liquid goods sold as commerce [may still be accepted]. One meal a day, then eating only at night, then one day unbegged, then a full fast — this is the quarter-Krichchhra, double the half-Krichchhra.

Verse 61 (garuda.1.222.61)

प्राजापत्यन्तु तत्स्याच्च सर्वपातकनाशनम् । कृच्छ्रं सप्तोपवासैश्च महासान्तपनं स्मृतम्

prājāpatyantu tatsyācca sarvapātakanāśanam kṛcchraṁ saptopavāsaiśca mahāsāntapanaṁ smṛtam

This same, performed in full, is called the Prajapatya, which destroys all sin; the Krichchhra performed with seven fasts is remembered as the Maha-Santapana.

Verse 62 (garuda.1.222.62)

त्र्यहमुष्णं पिबेच्छापः त्र्यहमुष्णं पयः पिबेत् । त्र्यमुष्णं पिबेत्सर्पिस्तप्तकृच्छ्रमघापहम्

tryahamuṣṇaṁ pibecchāpaḥ tryahamuṣṇaṁ payaḥ pibet tryamuṣṇaṁ pibetsarpistaptakṛcchramaghāpaham

For three days one should drink hot water, for three days hot milk, for three days hot ghee — this Tapta-Krichchhra removes sin.

Verse 63 (garuda.1.222.63)

द्वादशाहोपवासेन पराकः सर्वपापहा । एकैकं वर्धयेत्पिण्डं शुक्ले कृष्णे च ह्रासयेत्

dvādaśāhopavāsena parākaḥ sarvapāpahā ekaikaṁ vardhayetpiṇḍaṁ śukle kṛṣṇe ca hrāsayet

With a twelve-day fast, the Paraka penance destroys all sins. In the bright fortnight one should increase the food-portion by one each day, and decrease it in the dark fortnight.

Verse 64 (garuda.1.222.64)

पयः काञ्चनवर्णायाः श्वेतवर्णं च गोमयम् । गोमूत्रं ताम्रवर्णाया नीलवर्णभवं घृतम्

payaḥ kāñcanavarṇāyāḥ śvetavarṇaṁ ca gomayam gomūtraṁ tāmravarṇāyā nīlavarṇabhavaṁ ghṛtam

Milk from a golden-hued cow, dung from a white one, urine from a copper-hued one, and ghee from a blue-hued one —

Verse 65 (garuda.1.222.65)

दधि स्यात्कृष्णवर्णाया दर्भोदकसमायुतम् । गोमूत्रमाषकाण्यष्टौ गोमयस्य चतुष्टयम्

dadhi syātkṛṣṇavarṇāyā darbhodakasamāyutam gomūtramāṣakāṇyaṣṭau gomayasya catuṣṭayam

— curd from a black one, mixed together with kusha-water. Cow's urine, eight mashas; cow-dung, four mashas;

Verse 66 (garuda.1.222.66)

क्षीरस्य द्वादश प्रोक्ता दध्नस्तु दश उच्यते । घृतस्य माषकाः पञ्च पञ्चगव्यं मलापहम्

kṣīrasya dvādaśa proktā dadhnastu daśa ucyate ghṛtasya māṣakāḥ pañca pañcagavyaṁ malāpaham

— milk is declared to be twelve; curd is said to be ten; ghee, five mashas — thus is panchagavya, the remover of impurity, composed.