Daily Rites and the Rules of Impurity

Verse 1 (garuda.1.50.1)

।।ब्रह्मोवाच ।। अहन्यहनि यः कुर्य्यात्क्रियां स ज्ञानमाप्नुयात् ।। ब्राह्मे मुहूर्त्ते चोत्थाय धर्ममर्थं च चिन्तयेत्

..brahmovāca .. ahanyahani yaḥ kuryyātkriyāṁ sa jñānamāpnuyāt .. brāhme muhūrtte cotthāya dharmamarthaṁ ca cintayet

Brahma said: He who performs the prescribed rites day after day attains knowledge. Rising in the Brahma-muhurta (the pre-dawn hour), one should reflect upon dharma and artha.

Verse 2 (garuda.1.50.2)

चिन्तयेद्धृदि पद्मस्थमानन्दमजरं हरिम् ।। उषः काले तु संप्राप्ते कृत्वा चावश्यकं बुधः

cintayeddhṛdi padmasthamānandamajaraṁ harim .. uṣaḥ kāle tu saṁprāpte kṛtvā cāvaśyakaṁ budhaḥ

One should contemplate, in the heart, Hari seated on the lotus, blissful and unaging. When the hour of dawn arrives, the wise one, having attended to necessary tasks,

Verse 3 (garuda.1.50.3)

स्त्रायान्नदीषु शुद्धासु शौचं कृत्वा यथाविधि ।। प्रतः स्नानेन पूर्यते येऽपि पापकृतो जनाः

strāyānnadīṣu śuddhāsu śaucaṁ kṛtvā yathāvidhi .. prataḥ snānena pūryate ye'pi pāpakṛto janāḥ

should bathe in pure rivers and perform purification according to rule. By the morning bath, even those who have committed sins become purified.

Verse 4 (garuda.1.50.4)

तस्मात्सर्वप्रयत्नेन प्रातः स्नानं समाचरेत् ।। प्रातः स्नानं प्रशंसन्ति दृष्टादृष्टकरं हि तत्

tasmātsarvaprayatnena prātaḥ snānaṁ samācaret .. prātaḥ snānaṁ praśaṁsanti dṛṣṭādṛṣṭakaraṁ hi tat

Therefore, with every effort, one should perform the morning bath. The morning bath is praised, for it yields effects both seen and unseen.

Verse 5 (garuda.1.50.5)

सुखात्सुप्तस्य सततं लालाद्याः संस्त्रवन्ति हि ।। अतो नैवाचरेत्कर्माण्यकृत्वा स्नानमादितः

sukhātsuptasya satataṁ lālādyāḥ saṁstravanti hi .. ato naivācaretkarmāṇyakṛtvā snānamāditaḥ

From one who has slept comfortably, saliva and the like continually flow; therefore one should never perform any rite without first bathing.

Verse 6 (garuda.1.50.6)

अलक्ष्मीः कालकर्णो च दुः स्वप्नं दुर्विचिन्तितम् ।। प्रतः स्नानेन पापानि धूयन्ते नात्र संशयः

alakṣmīḥ kālakarṇo ca duḥ svapnaṁ durvicintitam .. prataḥ snānena pāpāni dhūyante nātra saṁśayaḥ

Misfortune, evil planetary influence, bad dreams, and evil thoughts — by the morning bath these sins are undoubtedly washed away.

Verse 7 (garuda.1.50.7)

न च स्नानं विना पुंसां प्राशस्त्यं कर्म संस्मृतम् ।। होमे जप्ये विशेषेण तस्मात्स्नानं समाचरेत्

na ca snānaṁ vinā puṁsāṁ prāśastyaṁ karma saṁsmṛtam .. home japye viśeṣeṇa tasmātsnānaṁ samācaret

Without bathing, no rite of a person is deemed praiseworthy — especially fire-oblation and recitation; therefore the bath should certainly be performed.

Verse 8 (garuda.1.50.8)

अशक्तावशिरस्कं तु स्नानमस्य विधीयते ।। आर्द्रेण वाससा वापि मार्जनं कायिकं स्मृतम्

aśaktāvaśiraskaṁ tu snānamasya vidhīyate .. ārdreṇa vāsasā vāpi mārjanaṁ kāyikaṁ smṛtam

For one who is unable, a bath without wetting the head is prescribed. Or wiping the body with a damp cloth is also held to be a bodily cleansing.

Verse 9 (garuda.1.50.9)

ब्राह्ममाग्नेयमुद्दिष्टं वायव्यं दिव्यमेव च ।। वारुणं यौगिकं तद्वत्षडङ्गं स्नानमाचरेत्

brāhmamāgneyamuddiṣṭaṁ vāyavyaṁ divyameva ca .. vāruṇaṁ yaugikaṁ tadvatṣaḍaṅgaṁ snānamācaret

The Brahma, the Agneya, the Vayavya, and the Divya are declared; likewise the Varuna and the Yaugika — thus one should perform the sixfold bath.

Verse 10 (garuda.1.50.10)

ब्राह्मं तु मार्जनं मन्त्रैः कुशैः सोदकबिन्दुभिः ।। आग्रेयं भस्मनाऽऽपादमस्तकाद्देहधूननम्

brāhmaṁ tu mārjanaṁ mantraiḥ kuśaiḥ sodakabindubhiḥ .. āgreyaṁ bhasmanā''pādamastakāddehadhūnanam

The Brahma bath is purification with mantras, kusha grass, and drops of water. The Agneya is shaking the body with ash from foot to head.

Verse 11 (garuda.1.50.11)

गवां हि रजसा प्रोक्तं वायव्यं स्नानमुत्तमम् ।। यत्तु सातपवर्षेण स्नानं तद्दिव्यमुच्यते

gavāṁ hi rajasā proktaṁ vāyavyaṁ snānamuttamam .. yattu sātapavarṣeṇa snānaṁ taddivyamucyate

The bath performed with the dust of cows is called Vayavya, and is excellent. That performed under both sun and rain together is called the Divya bath.

Verse 12 (garuda.1.50.12)

वारुणं चावगाहं च मानसं त्वात्मवेदनम् ।। यौगिकं स्नानमाख्यातं योगेन हरिचिन्तनम्

vāruṇaṁ cāvagāhaṁ ca mānasaṁ tvātmavedanam .. yaugikaṁ snānamākhyātaṁ yogena haricintanam

The Varuna is immersion in water, and the Manasa is contemplation of the self. The Yaugika bath is called contemplation of Hari through yoga.

Verse 13 (garuda.1.50.13)

आत्मतीर्थमिति ख्यातं सेवितं ब्रह्मवादिभिः ।। क्षीरवृक्षसमुद्भूतं मालतीसम्भवं शुभम्

ātmatīrthamiti khyātaṁ sevitaṁ brahmavādibhiḥ .. kṣīravṛkṣasamudbhūtaṁ mālatīsambhavaṁ śubham

This is known as the Atma-tirtha (the sacred ford of the self), practiced by knowers of Brahman. Auspicious tooth-cleaning twigs from the milk-exuding trees and from the jasmine,

Verse 14 (garuda.1.50.14)

अपामार्गं च विल्वं च करवीरं च धावने ।। उदङ्मुखः प्राङ्मुखो वा भक्षयेद्दन्तधावनम्

apāmārgaṁ ca vilvaṁ ca karavīraṁ ca dhāvane .. udaṅmukhaḥ prāṅmukho vā bhakṣayeddantadhāvanam

apamarga, bilva, and oleander — facing north or east, one should chew the tooth-cleaning twig.

Verse 15 (garuda.1.50.15)

प्रक्षाल्य भुक्त्वा तज्जह्याच्छुचौ देशे समाहितः ।। स्नात्वा सन्तर्पयेद्देवानृषीन्पितृगणांस्तथा

prakṣālya bhuktvā tajjahyācchucau deśe samāhitaḥ .. snātvā santarpayeddevānṛṣīnpitṛgaṇāṁstathā

After using it, having rinsed the mouth, one should discard it, composed, in a clean place. Having bathed, one should offer libations to the gods, sages, and ancestors.

Verse 16 (garuda.1.50.16)

आचम्य विधिवन्नित्यं पुनराचम्य वाग्यतः ।। संमार्ज्य मन्त्रै रात्मानं कुशैः सोदकबिन्दुभिः

ācamya vidhivannityaṁ punarācamya vāgyataḥ .. saṁmārjya mantrai rātmānaṁ kuśaiḥ sodakabindubhiḥ

Having daily sipped water according to rule, and having sipped again, restraining speech, one should cleanse oneself with mantras, with kusha grass and drops of water,

Verse 17 (garuda.1.50.17)

आपोहिष्ठाव्याहृतिभिः सावित्र्या वारुणैः शुभैः ।। ॐकारव्याहृतियुतां गायत्त्रीं वेदमातरम्

āpohiṣṭhāvyāhṛtibhiḥ sāvitryā vāruṇaiḥ śubhaiḥ .. oṁkāravyāhṛtiyutāṁ gāyattrīṁ vedamātaram

with 'apo hi shtha' and the vyahriti-formulas, with the Savitri, and with the auspicious Varuna-hymns. The Gayatri, joined with the syllable Om and the vyahritis, the mother of the Vedas —

Verse 18 (garuda.1.50.18)

जप्त्वा जलाञ्जलिं दद्याद्भारस्करं प्रति तन्मनाः ।। प्राक्कूलेषु ततः स्थित्वा दर्भेषु सुसमाहितः

japtvā jalāñjaliṁ dadyādbhāraskaraṁ prati tanmanāḥ .. prākkūleṣu tataḥ sthitvā darbheṣu susamāhitaḥ

having recited it, with focused mind, one should offer a handful of water toward the sun. Then, standing upon eastward-pointed kusha grass, well composed,

Verse 19 (garuda.1.50.19)

प्राणायामं ततः कृत्वा ध्यायेत्सन्ध्यामिति श्रुतिः ।। या सन्ध्या सा जगत्सूतिर्मायातीता हि निष्कला

prāṇāyāmaṁ tataḥ kṛtvā dhyāyetsandhyāmiti śrutiḥ .. yā sandhyā sā jagatsūtirmāyātītā hi niṣkalā

having performed pranayama, one should meditate upon the goddess Sandhya (Twilight) — thus the scripture declares. That Sandhya is the very source of the universe, beyond illusion, indeed without parts,

Verse 20 (garuda.1.50.20)

ऐश्वरी केवला शक्तिस्तत्त्वत्रयसमुद्भवा ।। ध्यात्वा रक्तां सितां कृष्णां गायत्त्रीं वै जपेद्वुधः

aiśvarī kevalā śaktistattvatrayasamudbhavā .. dhyātvā raktāṁ sitāṁ kṛṣṇāṁ gāyattrīṁ vai japedvudhaḥ

the Lord's own singular power, arising from the three principles. Having meditated upon her as red, white, and black, the wise one should recite the Gayatri.

Verse 21 (garuda.1.50.21)

प्राङ्मुखः सततं विप्रः सन्ध्योपासनमाचरेत् ।। सन्ध्याहीनोऽशुचिर्नित्यमनर्हः सर्वकर्मसु

prāṅmukhaḥ satataṁ vipraḥ sandhyopāsanamācaret .. sandhyāhīno'śucirnityamanarhaḥ sarvakarmasu

Facing east, the brahmin should always perform the twilight worship. One devoid of the twilight rite is ever impure, unfit for every rite.

Verse 22 (garuda.1.50.22)

यदन्यत्कुरुते किञ्चिन्न तस्य फलभाग्भवेत् ।। अनन्यचेतसः सन्तो ब्राह्मणा वेदपारगाः

yadanyatkurute kiñcinna tasya phalabhāgbhavet .. ananyacetasaḥ santo brāhmaṇā vedapāragāḥ

Whatever else he does bears no fruit for him. Brahmins of undistracted mind, learned in the Vedas,

Verse 23 (garuda.1.50.23)

उपास्य विधिवत्सन्ध्यां प्राप्ताः पूर्वपरां गतिम् ।। योऽन्यत्र कुरुते यत्नं धर्म कार्य्ये द्विजोत्तमः

upāsya vidhivatsandhyāṁ prāptāḥ pūrvaparāṁ gatim .. yo'nyatra kurute yatnaṁ dharma kāryye dvijottamaḥ

having duly worshipped at twilight, attain the supreme goal. Whatever brahmin exerts himself in other pious duties

Verse 24 (garuda.1.50.24)

विहाय सन्ध्याप्रणतिं स याति नरकायुतम् ।। तस्मात्सर्वप्रयत्नेन सन्ध्योपासनमाचरेत्

vihāya sandhyāpraṇatiṁ sa yāti narakāyutam .. tasmātsarvaprayatnena sandhyopāsanamācaret

while abandoning the twilight prostration goes to ten thousand hells. Therefore, with every effort, one should perform the twilight worship.

Verse 25 (garuda.1.50.25)

उपासितो भवेत्तेन देवो योगतनुः परः ।। सहस्त्रपरमां नित्यां शतमध्यां दशावराम्

upāsito bhavettena devo yogatanuḥ paraḥ .. sahastraparamāṁ nityāṁ śatamadhyāṁ daśāvarām

By worshipping it, one comes to be favored by the supreme deity embodied in yoga. A thousand recitations is the finest, a hundred the middling, ten the least —

Verse 26 (garuda.1.50.26)

गायत्त्रीं वै जपेद्विद्वान्प्राङ्मुखः प्रयतः शुचिः ।। अथोपतिष्ठेदादित्यमुदयस्थं समाहितः

gāyattrīṁ vai japedvidvānprāṅmukhaḥ prayataḥ śuciḥ .. athopatiṣṭhedādityamudayasthaṁ samāhitaḥ

thus should the wise one recite the Gayatri, facing east, controlled, and pure. Then, composed, one should worship the rising sun,

Verse 27 (garuda.1.50.27)

मन्त्रैस्तु विविधैः सारैः ऋग्यजुःसामसंज्ञितैः ।। उपस्थाय महायोगं देवदेवं दिवाकरम्

mantraistu vividhaiḥ sāraiḥ ṛgyajuḥsāmasaṁjñitaiḥ .. upasthāya mahāyogaṁ devadevaṁ divākaram

with various essential mantras belonging to the Rig, Yajus, and Sama. Having worshipped the great yogic Lord, the god of gods, the maker of day,

Verse 28 (garuda.1.50.28)

कुर्वीत प्रणतिं भूमौ मूर्धानमभिमन्त्रितः ।। ॐ खखोल्काय शान्ताय कारणत्रयहेतवे

kurvīta praṇatiṁ bhūmau mūrdhānamabhimantritaḥ .. oṁ khakholkāya śāntāya kāraṇatrayahetave

consecrated by mantra, one should bow the head to the ground. 'Om, to the one who is peaceful in the void, the cause behind the three causes,

Verse 29 (garuda.1.50.29)

निवेदयामि चात्मानं नमस्ते ज्ञानरूपिणे ।। त्वमेव ब्रह्म परममापो ज्योती रसोऽमृतम्

nivedayāmi cātmānaṁ namaste jñānarūpiṇe .. tvameva brahma paramamāpo jyotī raso'mṛtam

I offer myself to you; homage to you, of the very form of knowledge. You alone are the supreme Brahman, water, light, essence, immortality —

Verse 30 (garuda.1.50.30)

भूर्भुवः स्वस्त्वमोङ्कारः सर्वो रुद्रः सनातनः ।। एतद्वै सूर्यहृदयं जप्त्वा स्तवनमुत्तमम्

bhūrbhuvaḥ svastvamoṅkāraḥ sarvo rudraḥ sanātanaḥ .. etadvai sūryahṛdayaṁ japtvā stavanamuttamam

you are the earth, the atmosphere, and heaven; you are the syllable Om, all, the eternal Rudra.' Having recited this finest hymn, the Surya-hridaya,

Verse 31 (garuda.1.50.31)

प्रातः काले च मध्याह्ने नमस्कुर्य्याद्दिवाकरम् ।। अथागम्य गृहं विप्रः (पश्चात्) समाचम्य यथाविधि

prātaḥ kāle ca madhyāhne namaskuryyāddivākaram .. athāgamya gṛhaṁ vipraḥ (paścāt) samācamya yathāvidhi

one should bow to the sun both in the morning and at midday. Then, having returned home, the brahmin, having sipped water according to rule,

Verse 32 (garuda.1.50.32)

प्रज्वाल्य वह्निं विधिवज्जुहुयाज्जातवेदसम् ।। ऋत्विक् पुत्रोऽथ पत्नी वा शिष्यो वापि सहोदरः

prajvālya vahniṁ vidhivajjuhuyājjātavedasam .. ṛtvik putro'tha patnī vā śiṣyo vāpi sahodaraḥ

having kindled the fire, should duly offer oblation to Jatavedas (Agni). The ritual priest, or a son, wife, disciple, or brother,

Verse 33 (garuda.1.50.33)

प्राप्यानुज्ञां विशेषेण जुहुयाद्वा यथाविधि ।। विना म (त) न्त्रेण यत्कर्म नामुत्रेह फलप्रदम्

prāpyānujñāṁ viśeṣeṇa juhuyādvā yathāvidhi .. vinā ma (ta) ntreṇa yatkarma nāmutreha phalapradam

having especially obtained permission, may offer the oblation according to rule. A rite performed without mantra yields fruit neither in this world nor the next.

Verse 34 (garuda.1.50.34)

दैवतानि नमस्कुर्य्यादुपहारान्निवेदयेत् ।। गुरुं चैवाप्युपासीत हितं चास्य समाचरेत्

daivatāni namaskuryyādupahārānnivedayet .. guruṁ caivāpyupāsīta hitaṁ cāsya samācaret

One should bow to the deities and present offerings to them. One should also attend upon the guru and act for his benefit,

Verse 35 (garuda.1.50.35)

वेदाभ्यासं ततः कुर्य्यात्प्रयत्नाच्छक्तितो द्विजः ।। जपेद्वाध्यापयेच्छिष्यान्धारयेद्वै विचारयेत्

vedābhyāsaṁ tataḥ kuryyātprayatnācchaktito dvijaḥ .. japedvādhyāpayecchiṣyāndhārayedvai vicārayet

and then, to the extent of his ability, the twice-born should exert himself in Vedic study — reciting, teaching disciples, retaining what is learned, or reflecting upon it,

Verse 36 (garuda.1.50.36)

अवेक्षेत च शास्त्राणि धर्मादीनि द्विजोत्तमः ।। वैदिकांश्चैव निगमान्वेदाङ्गानि च सर्वशः

avekṣeta ca śāstrāṇi dharmādīni dvijottamaḥ .. vaidikāṁścaiva nigamānvedāṅgāni ca sarvaśaḥ

and, O best of the twice-born, should examine the treatises on dharma and the rest, and the Vedic supplementary texts and Vedangas in every respect,

Verse 37 (garuda.1.50.37)

उपयादीश्वरं चैव योगक्षेमप्रसिद्धये ।। साधयेद्विविधानर्थान्कुटुम्बार्थं ततो द्विजः

upayādīśvaraṁ caiva yogakṣemaprasiddhaye .. sādhayedvividhānarthānkuṭumbārthaṁ tato dvijaḥ

and approach the Lord for the securing of his welfare. Then the twice-born should accomplish the various necessary tasks for the sake of his family.

Verse 38 (garuda.1.50.38)

ततो मध्याह्नसमये स्नानार्थं मृदमाहरेत् ।। पुष्पाक्षतांस्तिलकुशान् गोमयं शुद्धमेव च

tato madhyāhnasamaye snānārthaṁ mṛdamāharet .. puṣpākṣatāṁstilakuśān gomayaṁ śuddhameva ca

Then, at midday, one should bring clay for bathing, flowers, unbroken rice, sesame and kusha grass, and pure cow-dung.

Verse 39 (garuda.1.50.39)

नदीषु देवखातेषु तडागेषु सरः सु च ।। स्नानं समाचरेन्नैव परकीये कदाचन

nadīṣu devakhāteṣu taḍāgeṣu saraḥ su ca .. snānaṁ samācarennaiva parakīye kadācana

One should bathe in rivers, in god-made reservoirs, in tanks, and in lakes — but never in another's private water-source.

Verse 40 (garuda.1.50.40)

पञ्च पिण्डाननुद्धृत्य स्नानं दुष्यन्ति नित्यशः ।। मृदैकया शिरः क्षाल्यं द्वाभ्यां नाभेस्तथोपरि

pañca piṇḍānanuddhṛtya snānaṁ duṣyanti nityaśaḥ .. mṛdaikayā śiraḥ kṣālyaṁ dvābhyāṁ nābhestathopari

Without first removing five lumps of clay, baths are always defective. With one portion of clay, the head should be washed; with two, above the navel;

Verse 41 (garuda.1.50.41)

अधश्च तिसृभिः क्षाल्यं पादौ षट्भिस्तथैव च ।। मृत्तिका च समुद्दिष्टा वृद्धामलकमात्रिका

adhaśca tisṛbhiḥ kṣālyaṁ pādau ṣaṭbhistathaiva ca .. mṛttikā ca samuddiṣṭā vṛddhāmalakamātrikā

with three, below the navel; and likewise the two feet with six. The measure of clay prescribed is that of a large amalaka fruit,

Verse 42 (garuda.1.50.42)

गोमयस्य प्रमाणं तु तेनाङ्गं लेपयेत्ततः ।। प्रक्षाल्याचम्य विधिवत्ततः स्नायात्समाहितः

gomayasya pramāṇaṁ tu tenāṅgaṁ lepayettataḥ .. prakṣālyācamya vidhivattataḥ snāyātsamāhitaḥ

and cow-dung of the same measure — with it the body should be smeared. Having washed and sipped water according to rule, one should then bathe, composed.

Verse 43 (garuda.1.50.43)

लेपयित्वा तु तीरस्थस्तल्लिङ्गैरेव मन्त्रतः ।। अभिमन्त्र्य जलं मन्त्रैरालिङ्गैर्वारुणैः शुभैः

lepayitvā tu tīrasthastalliṅgaireva mantrataḥ .. abhimantrya jalaṁ mantrairāliṅgairvāruṇaiḥ śubhaiḥ

Standing on the bank, having applied the paste with the mantras of that same deity, and having consecrated the water with the embrace of the auspicious Varuna-hymns,

Verse 44 (garuda.1.50.44)

स्नानकाले स्मरेद्विष्णमापो नारायणो यतः ।। प्रेक्ष्य ॐकारमादित्यं त्रिर्निमज्जेज्जलाशये

snānakāle smaredviṣṇamāpo nārāyaṇo yataḥ .. prekṣya oṁkāramādityaṁ trirnimajjejjalāśaye

at the time of bathing one should remember Vishnu, since the waters are Narayana himself. Having beheld the sun with the syllable Om, one should immerse oneself three times in the water.

Verse 45 (garuda.1.50.45)

आचान्तः पुनराचामेन्मन्त्रेणानेन मन्त्रवित् ।। अंतश्चरसि भूतेषु गुहायां विश्वतोमुखः

ācāntaḥ punarācāmenmantreṇānena mantravit .. aṁtaścarasi bhūteṣu guhāyāṁ viśvatomukhaḥ

Having sipped water, the knower of mantras should sip again with this mantra: 'You move within all beings, in the cave of the heart, facing every direction;

Verse 46 (garuda.1.50.46)

त्वं यज्ञस्त्वं वषट्कार आपो ज्योती रसोऽमृतम् ।। द्रुपदां वा त्रिरभ्यस्येव्द्याहृतिप्रणवान्विताम्

tvaṁ yajñastvaṁ vaṣaṭkāra āpo jyotī raso'mṛtam .. drupadāṁ vā trirabhyasyevdyāhṛtipraṇavānvitām

you are the sacrifice, you are the exclamation vashat, water, light, essence, immortality.' Or one should recite the Drupada-hymn three times, joined with the vyahritis and the Pranava,

Verse 47 (garuda.1.50.47)

सावित्रीं वा जपे द्विद्वांस्तथा चैवाघमर्षणम् ।। ततः संमार्जनं कुर्य्यादापोहिष्ठामयोभुवः

sāvitrīṁ vā jape dvidvāṁstathā caivāghamarṣaṇam .. tataḥ saṁmārjanaṁ kuryyādāpohiṣṭhāmayobhuvaḥ

or the wise one should recite the Savitri, and likewise the Aghamarshana-hymn. Then one should perform the purification rite with 'apo hishtha mayo-bhuvah' —

Verse 48 (garuda.1.50.48)

इदमापः प्रवहतव्याहृतिभिस्तथैव च ।। ततोऽभिमन्त्रितं तोयमापो हिष्ठादिमन्त्रकैः

idamāpaḥ pravahatavyāhṛtibhistathaiva ca .. tato'bhimantritaṁ toyamāpo hiṣṭhādimantrakaiḥ

'idam apah pravahata', and likewise with the vyahriti-formulas. Then, in the water consecrated with the 'apo hishtha' and other mantras,

Verse 49 (garuda.1.50.49)

अन्तर्जलमवाङ्मग्नो जपेत्त्रिरघमर्षणम् ।। द्रुपदां वाथ सावित्री तद्विष्णोः परमं पदम्

antarjalamavāṅmagno japettriraghamarṣaṇam .. drupadāṁ vātha sāvitrī tadviṣṇoḥ paramaṁ padam

submerged in the water, face down, one should recite the Aghamarshana three times, or the Drupada, or the Savitri — that is Vishnu's supreme abode.

Verse 50 (garuda.1.50.50)

आवर्त्तयेद्वा प्रणवं देवदेवं रमरेद्धरिम् ।। आपः पाणौ समादाय जप्त्वा वै मार्जने कृते

āvarttayedvā praṇavaṁ devadevaṁ ramareddharim .. āpaḥ pāṇau samādāya japtvā vai mārjane kṛte

Or one should repeat the Pranava again and again, remembering Hari, the god of gods. Having taken water in hand, recited, and performed the purification rite,

Verse 51 (garuda.1.50.51)

विन्यस्य मूर्ध्नि तत्तोयं मुच्यते सर्वपातकैः ।। सन्ध्यामुपास्य चाचम्य संस्मरेन्नित्यमीश्वरम्

vinyasya mūrdhni tattoyaṁ mucyate sarvapātakaiḥ .. sandhyāmupāsya cācamya saṁsmarennityamīśvaram

by placing that water on the head, one is freed from all sins. Having worshipped the twilight and sipped water, one should ever remember the Lord.

Verse 52 (garuda.1.50.52)

अथोपतिष्ठेदादित्यमूर्द्ध्वपुष्पान्विताञ्जलिम् ।। प्रक्षिप्यालोकयेद्देवमुदयंतं न शक्यते

athopatiṣṭhedādityamūrddhvapuṣpānvitāñjalim .. prakṣipyālokayeddevamudayaṁtaṁ na śakyate

Then one should worship the sun with cupped hands raised and filled with flowers. Having offered them, one should gaze upon the deity as it rises — though it cannot truly be beheld.

Verse 53 (garuda.1.50.53)

उदुत्यं चित्रमित्येवं तच्चक्षुरिति मन्त्रतः ।। हंसः शुचिषदेतेन सावित्र्या च विशेषतः

udutyaṁ citramityevaṁ taccakṣuriti mantrataḥ .. haṁsaḥ śuciṣadetena sāvitryā ca viśeṣataḥ

With the mantras 'udutyam citram' and 'taccakshuh', and especially with 'hamsah shuchishat' and the Savitri,

Verse 54 (garuda.1.50.54)

अन्यैः सौरैर्वैदिकैश्च गायत्त्रीं च ततो जपेत् ।। मन्त्रांश्च विविधान्पश्चात्प्राक्कूले च कुशासने

anyaiḥ saurairvaidikaiśca gāyattrīṁ ca tato japet .. mantrāṁśca vividhānpaścātprākkūle ca kuśāsane

and with other solar and Vedic hymns, and also the Gayatri, one should recite various mantras thereafter, seated on eastward-pointed kusha,

Verse 55 (garuda.1.50.55)

तिष्ठंश्च वीक्ष्यमाणोऽर्कं जपं कुर्य्यात्समाहितः ।। स्फटिकाब्जाक्षरुद्राक्षैः पुत्रजीवसमुद्भवैः

tiṣṭhaṁśca vīkṣyamāṇo'rkaṁ japaṁ kuryyātsamāhitaḥ .. sphaṭikābjākṣarudrākṣaiḥ putrajīvasamudbhavaiḥ

standing and gazing at the sun, one should recite with focused mind. With a rosary made of crystal, lotus-seed, rudraksha, or putrajiva beads —

Verse 56 (garuda.1.50.56)

कर्त्तव्या त्वक्षाला स्यादन्तरा तत्र सा स्मृता ।। यदि स्यात्क्लिन्नवासा वै वारिमध्यगतश्चरेत्

karttavyā tvakṣālā syādantarā tatra sā smṛtā .. yadi syātklinnavāsā vai vārimadhyagataścaret

the rosary should be made of these; the recitation is reckoned by its beads. If the garment is still wet, one should remain within the water itself and recite;

Verse 57 (garuda.1.50.57)

अन्यथा च शुचौ भूम्यां दर्भेषु च समाहितः ।। प्रदक्षिणं समावृत्य नमस्कृत्य ततः क्षितौ

anyathā ca śucau bhūmyāṁ darbheṣu ca samāhitaḥ .. pradakṣiṇaṁ samāvṛtya namaskṛtya tataḥ kṣitau

otherwise, on clean ground and kusha grass, composed. Having circumambulated, and then bowed to the ground,

Verse 58 (garuda.1.50.58)

आचम्य च यथाशास्त्रं शक्त्या स्वाध्यायमाचरेत् ।। ततः सन्तर्पयेद्देवानृषीन्पितृगणांस्तथा

ācamya ca yathāśāstraṁ śaktyā svādhyāyamācaret .. tataḥ santarpayeddevānṛṣīnpitṛgaṇāṁstathā

and sipped water according to scripture, one should perform Vedic study to the extent of one's ability. Then one should offer libations to the gods, sages, and ancestors,

Verse 59 (garuda.1.50.59)

आदावोङ्कारमुच्चार्य्य नमोऽन्ते तर्पयामि च ।। देवान्ब्रह्मऋषींश्चैव तर्पयेदक्षतोदकैः

ādāvoṅkāramuccāryya namo'nte tarpayāmi ca .. devānbrahmaṛṣīṁścaiva tarpayedakṣatodakaiḥ

uttering the syllable Om at the start and 'namah' at the end, saying 'I offer libation'. One should offer libation to the gods and the brahmin-sages with unbroken rice and water,

Verse 60 (garuda.1.50.60)

पितॄन्देवान्मुनीन् भक्त्या स्वसूत्रोक्तविधानतः

pitṝndevānmunīn bhaktyā svasūtroktavidhānataḥ

and to the ancestors, gods, and sages with devotion, according to the procedure declared in one's own Vedic tradition.

Verse 61 (garuda.1.50.61)

देवर्षोंस्तर्पयेद्धीमानुदकाञ्जलिभिः पितॄन् ।। यज्ञोपवीती देवानां निवीती ऋषितर्पणे

devarṣoṁstarpayeddhīmānudakāñjalibhiḥ pitṝn .. yajñopavītī devānāṁ nivītī ṛṣitarpaṇe

The wise one should offer libation to the gods and sages, and likewise to the ancestors, with handfuls of water. For the gods, the sacred thread over the left shoulder; for the sages' libation, hanging straight down;

Verse 62 (garuda.1.50.62)

प्राचीनावीती पित्र्ये तु तेन तीर्थेन भारत ।। निष्पीड्य स्नानवस्त्रं वै समाचम्य च वाग्यतः

prācīnāvītī pitrye tu tena tīrthena bhārata .. niṣpīḍya snānavastraṁ vai samācamya ca vāgyataḥ

and for the ancestors' libation, over the right shoulder — O descendant of Bharata, by this same rite. Having wrung out the bathing-cloth and, restraining speech, sipped water,

Verse 63 (garuda.1.50.63)

स्वैर्मन्त्रैरर्चयेद्देवान्पुष्पैः पत्रैस्तथाम्बुभिः ।। ब्रह्माणं शंकरं सूर्य्यं तथैव मधुसूदनम्

svairmantrairarcayeddevānpuṣpaiḥ patraistathāmbubhiḥ .. brahmāṇaṁ śaṁkaraṁ sūryyaṁ tathaiva madhusūdanam

one should worship the gods with one's own mantras, with flowers, leaves, and water — Brahma, Shankara, Surya, and Madhusudana too,

Verse 64 (garuda.1.50.64)

अन्यांश्चाभिमतान्देवान् भक्त्या चाक्रोधनो हरः ! ।। प्रदद्याद्वाथ पुष्पादि सूक्तेन पुरुषेण तु

anyāṁścābhimatāndevān bhaktyā cākrodhano haraḥ ! .. pradadyādvātha puṣpādi sūktena puruṣeṇa tu

and other beloved deities as well, with devotion, free of anger. One should offer flowers and the like with the Purusha-sukta,

Verse 65 (garuda.1.50.65)

आपो वा देवताः सर्वास्तेन सम्यक् समर्चिताः ।। ध्यात्वा प्रणवपूर्वं वै देवं वारिसमाहितः

āpo vā devatāḥ sarvāstena samyak samarcitāḥ .. dhyātvā praṇavapūrvaṁ vai devaṁ vārisamāhitaḥ

or, knowing that all waters are themselves deities, by that offering they are all duly worshipped. Having meditated, preceded by the Pranava, composed within the water,

Verse 66 (garuda.1.50.66)

नमस्कारेण पुष्पाणि विन्यसेद्वै पृथक् पृथक् ।। नर्तेह्याराधनात्पुण्यं विद्यते कर्म वैदिकम्

namaskāreṇa puṣpāṇi vinyasedvai pṛthak pṛthak .. nartehyārādhanātpuṇyaṁ vidyate karma vaidikam

one should offer the flowers, each separately, with a bow of reverence. Apart from this worship, no Vedic rite whatsoever becomes meritorious.

Verse 67 (garuda.1.50.67)

तस्मात्तत्रादिमध्यान्ते चेतसा धारयेद्धरिम् ।। तद्विष्णोरिति मन्त्रेण सूक्तेन पुरुषेण तु

tasmāttatrādimadhyānte cetasā dhārayeddharim .. tadviṣṇoriti mantreṇa sūktena puruṣeṇa tu

Therefore, at its beginning, middle, and end, one should hold Hari in one's mind. With the mantra 'tad vishnoh' and the Purusha-sukta,

Verse 68 (garuda.1.50.68)

निवेदयेच्च आत्मानं विष्णवेऽमलतेजसे ।। तदाध्यात्ममनाः शान्तस्तद्विष्णोरिति मन्त्रतः

nivedayecca ātmānaṁ viṣṇave'malatejase .. tadādhyātmamanāḥ śāntastadviṣṇoriti mantrataḥ

one should offer oneself to Vishnu, of stainless radiance. With inward-turned, tranquil mind, with the mantra 'tad vishnoh',

Verse 69 (garuda.1.50.69)

अप्रेते सशिरा वेतियजेत्वा पुष्पके हरिम् ।। देवयज्ञं भूतयज्ञं पितृयज्ञं तथैव च ।। मानुषं ब्रह्मयज्ञं च पञ्च यज्ञान्समाचरेत्

aprete saśirā vetiyajetvā puṣpake harim .. devayajñaṁ bhūtayajñaṁ pitṛyajñaṁ tathaiva ca .. mānuṣaṁ brahmayajñaṁ ca pañca yajñānsamācaret

with the corresponding mantra-portions, one should worship Hari with flowers. The sacrifice to the gods, to elemental beings, to the ancestors, to humans, and to Brahman — one should perform these five sacrifices.

Verse 70 (garuda.1.50.70)

यदि स्यात्तर्पणादर्वाग्ब्रह्मयज्ञं कुतो भवेत् ।। कृत्वा मनुष्ययज्ञं वै ततः स्वाध्यायमाचरेत्

yadi syāttarpaṇādarvāgbrahmayajñaṁ kuto bhavet .. kṛtvā manuṣyayajñaṁ vai tataḥ svādhyāyamācaret

If this were to occur before the libation-rite, how could the Brahma-sacrifice take place? Having performed the sacrifice to humans, one should then perform Vedic study.

Verse 71 (garuda.1.50.71)

वैश्वदेवस्तु कर्त्तव्यो देवयज्ञः स तु स्मृतः ।। भूतयज्ञः स वै ज्ञेयो भूतेभ्यो यस्त्वयं बलिः

vaiśvadevastu karttavyo devayajñaḥ sa tu smṛtaḥ .. bhūtayajñaḥ sa vai jñeyo bhūtebhyo yastvayaṁ baliḥ

The Vaishvadeva offering should be performed — that is held to be the sacrifice to the gods. The offering given to elemental beings is to be known as the sacrifice to those beings.

Verse 72 (garuda.1.50.72)

श्वभ्यश्च श्वपचेभ्यश्च पतितादिभ्य एव च ।। दद्याद्भूमौ बहिस्त्वन्नं पक्षिभ्यश्च द्विजोत्तमः

śvabhyaśca śvapacebhyaśca patitādibhya eva ca .. dadyādbhūmau bahistvannaṁ pakṣibhyaśca dvijottamaḥ

To dogs, to outcaste dog-keepers, to the fallen, and to birds as well — O best of the twice-born, food should be placed on the ground outside.

Verse 73 (garuda.1.50.73)

एकं तु भोजयेद्विप्रं पितॄनुद्दिश्य सत्तमाः ।। नित्यश्राद्धं तदुद्दिश्य पितृयज्ञो गतिप्रदः

ekaṁ tu bhojayedvipraṁ pitṝnuddiśya sattamāḥ .. nityaśrāddhaṁ taduddiśya pitṛyajño gatipradaḥ

O worthy ones, one brahmin should be fed on behalf of the ancestors. The daily ancestral rite performed with that intent is the sacrifice to the ancestors that grants a good afterlife.

Verse 74 (garuda.1.50.74)

उद्धृत्य वा यथाशक्ति किञ्चिदन्नं समाहितः ।। वेदतत्त्वार्थविदुषे द्विजायैवोपपादयेत्

uddhṛtya vā yathāśakti kiñcidannaṁ samāhitaḥ .. vedatattvārthaviduṣe dvijāyaivopapādayet

Or, having set aside, according to one's ability, a little food, composed,

Verse 75 (garuda.1.50.75)

पूजयेदतिथिं नित्यं नमस्येदर्चयोद्द्विजम् ।। मनोवाक्कर्मभिः शान्तं स्वागतैः स्वगृहं ततः

pūjayedatithiṁ nityaṁ namasyedarcayoddvijam .. manovākkarmabhiḥ śāntaṁ svāgataiḥ svagṛhaṁ tataḥ

it should be offered to a brahmin learned in the truth of the Vedas. Tranquil in mind, speech, and action, one should always honor a guest, bow to him, and reverence a brahmin with words of welcome,

Verse 76 (garuda.1.50.76)

भिक्षामाहुर्ग्रासमात्रमन्नं तत्स्याच्चतुर्गुणम् ।। पुष्कलं हन्तकारं तु तच्चतुर्गुणमुच्यते

bhikṣāmāhurgrāsamātramannaṁ tatsyāccaturguṇam .. puṣkalaṁ hantakāraṁ tu taccaturguṇamucyate

in one's own home. Alms is said to be a mere mouthful; food for a guest should be four times that.

Verse 77 (garuda.1.50.77)

गोदोहमात्रकालं वै प्रतीक्ष्यो ह्यतिथिः स्वयम् ।। अभ्यागतान्यथाशक्ति पूजयेदतिथिं तथा

godohamātrakālaṁ vai pratīkṣyo hyatithiḥ svayam .. abhyāgatānyathāśakti pūjayedatithiṁ tathā

Abundant and generously given, it is called four times that again. A guest should himself wait for a period equal to a cow's milking;

Verse 78 (garuda.1.50.78)

भिक्षां वै भिक्षवे दद्याद्विधिवद्ब्रह्यचारिणे ।। दद्यादन्नं यथाशक्ति अर्थिभ्यो लोभवर्जितः

bhikṣāṁ vai bhikṣave dadyādvidhivadbrahyacāriṇe .. dadyādannaṁ yathāśakti arthibhyo lobhavarjitaḥ

unexpected guests too should be honored to the extent of one's ability, and likewise a regular guest. Alms should duly be given to a mendicant and to a celibate student,

Verse 79 (garuda.1.50.79)

भुञ्जति बन्धुभिः सार्द्धं वाग्यतोऽन्नमकुत्सयन् ।। अकृत्वा तु द्विजः पञ्च महायज्ञान् द्विजोत्तमः

bhuñjati bandhubhiḥ sārddhaṁ vāgyato'nnamakutsayan .. akṛtvā tu dvijaḥ pañca mahāyajñān dvijottamaḥ

and food should be given to petitioners according to one's ability, free from greed. One should eat together with kinsfolk, remaining silent, not disparaging the food.

Verse 80 (garuda.1.50.80)

भुञ्जते चेत्स मूढात्मा तिर्य्यग्योनिं च गच्छति ।। वेदाभ्यासोऽन्वहं शक्त्या महायज्ञक्रियाक्षमाः

bhuñjate cetsa mūḍhātmā tiryyagyoniṁ ca gacchati .. vedābhyāso'nvahaṁ śaktyā mahāyajñakriyākṣamāḥ

O best of the twice-born, the brahmin who eats without having performed the five great sacrifices — that deluded soul goes to an animal birth.

Verse 81 (garuda.1.50.81)

नाशयन्त्याशु पापानि देवानामर्चनं तथा ।। यो मोहादथ वालस्यादकृत्वा देवतार्चनम्

nāśayantyāśu pāpāni devānāmarcanaṁ tathā .. yo mohādatha vālasyādakṛtvā devatārcanam

Vedic study performed daily to the extent of one's ability, together with the capacity to perform the great sacrifices, and likewise the worship of the gods — these swiftly destroy sins.

Verse 82 (garuda.1.50.82)

भुङ्क्ते स याति नरकान्त्सूंकरेष्वेव जायते ।। अशौचं संप्रवक्ष्यामि अशुचिः पातकी सदा

bhuṅkte sa yāti narakāntsūṁkareṣveva jāyate .. aśaucaṁ saṁpravakṣyāmi aśuciḥ pātakī sadā

He who, out of delusion or laziness, eats without worshipping the gods, goes to hell and is born in the womb of a pig. I shall now describe ashaucha, the rules of ritual impurity — one who is impure is ever sinful.

Verse 83 (garuda.1.50.83)

अशौचं चैव संसर्गाच्छुद्धिः संसर्गवर्जनात् ।। दशाहं प्राहुराशौचं सर्वेविप्रा विपश्चितः

aśaucaṁ caiva saṁsargācchuddhiḥ saṁsargavarjanāt .. daśāhaṁ prāhurāśaucaṁ sarveviprā vipaścitaḥ

Impurity arises from contact, and purification from avoiding that contact. All learned brahmins declare the period of impurity to be ten days,

Verse 84 (garuda.1.50.84)

मृतेषु वाथ जातेषु ब्राह्मणानां द्विजोत्तम ।। आदन्तजननात् सद्य आचूडादेकरात्रकम्

mṛteṣu vātha jāteṣu brāhmaṇānāṁ dvijottama .. ādantajananāt sadya ācūḍādekarātrakam

O best of the twice-born, upon a death or birth among brahmins. From the emergence of the teeth up to the tonsure-rite, purification is immediate — one night's impurity applies;

Verse 85 (garuda.1.50.85)

त्रिरात्रमौपनयनाद्दशरात्रमतः परम् ।। क्षत्त्रियो द्वादशहेन दशभिः पञ्चभिर्विशः

trirātramaupanayanāddaśarātramataḥ param .. kṣattriyo dvādaśahena daśabhiḥ pañcabhirviśaḥ

from investiture with the sacred thread, three nights; beyond that, ten nights. A kshatriya is purified in twelve days, a vaishya in fifteen,

Verse 86 (garuda.1.50.86)

शुध्येन्मासेन वै शूद्रो यतीनां नास्ति पातकम् ।। रात्रिभिर्मासतुल्याभिर्गर्भस्त्रावेषु शौचकम्

śudhyenmāsena vai śūdro yatīnāṁ nāsti pātakam .. rātribhirmāsatulyābhirgarbhastrāveṣu śaucakam

a shudra is purified in a month; for ascetics there is no impurity at all. In cases of miscarriage, the period of impurity is reckoned in nights equal to the months of pregnancy already elapsed.