The After-Death Rites, the Ten-Day Rite, and the Gift of the Bed

Verse 1 (garuda.2.34.1)

श्रीकृष्ण उवाच । शृणु तार्क्ष्य यथान्यायं धर्माधर्म्स्य लक्षणम् । सुकृतं दुष्कृतं नॄणामग्रे धावति धावताम्

śrīkṛṣṇa uvāca śṛṇu tārkṣya yathānyāyaṁ dharmādharmsya lakṣaṇam sukṛtaṁ duṣkṛtaṁ nṝṇāmagre dhāvati dhāvatām

Shri Krishna said: "Listen, Tarkshya, in proper order, to the marks of dharma and adharma; the good and bad deeds of men run on ahead of those who are running toward death."

Verse 2 (garuda.2.34.2)

कृते तपः प्रशंसन्ति त्रेतायां ज्ञानसाधनम् । द्वापरे यज्ञदाने च दानमेकं कलौ युगे

kṛte tapaḥ praśaṁsanti tretāyāṁ jñānasādhanam dvāpare yajñadāne ca dānamekaṁ kalau yuge

"In the Krita age they praise austerity; in the Treta, the practice of knowledge; in the Dvapara, sacrifice and gift; in the Kali age, gift alone."

Verse 3 (garuda.2.34.3)

गृहस्थानां स्मृतो धर्म उत्तमानां विचक्षणैः । इष्टापूर्ते स्वशक्त्या हि कुर्वतां नास्ति पातकम्

gṛhasthānāṁ smṛto dharma uttamānāṁ vicakṣaṇaiḥ iṣṭāpūrte svaśaktyā hi kurvatāṁ nāsti pātakam

"The wise regard the dharma of householders as supreme; there is no sin for those who perform sacrificial and public-welfare works according to their own ability."

Verse 4 (garuda.2.34.4)

वृक्षस्तु रोपितो येन खनिकूपजलाशयाः । यममार्गे सुखं तस्य व्रजतो नितरां भवेत्

vṛkṣastu ropito yena khanikūpajalāśayāḥ yamamārge sukhaṁ tasya vrajato nitarāṁ bhavet

"For one who has planted a tree, dug a well, or made a reservoir, there is abundant happiness while traveling upon Yama's road."

Verse 5 (garuda.2.34.5)

अग्नितापप्रदातारे यैः शीतपीडिते द्विजे । तप्यमानाः सुखं यान्ति सर्व कामैः प्रपूरिताः

agnitāpapradātāre yaiḥ śītapīḍite dvije tapyamānāḥ sukhaṁ yānti sarva kāmaiḥ prapūritāḥ

"Those who give the warmth of fire to a brahmin afflicted by cold — even having suffered themselves, they go on happily, every desire fulfilled."

Verse 6 (garuda.2.34.6)

सुवर्णमणिमुक्तादि वस्त्राण्याभरणानि च । तेन सर्वमिदं दत्तं येन दत्ता वसुन्धरा

suvarṇamaṇimuktādi vastrāṇyābharaṇāni ca tena sarvamidaṁ dattaṁ yena dattā vasundharā

"Gold, jewels, pearls, garments, and ornaments — whoever has given land is understood to have given all of these as well."

Verse 7 (garuda.2.34.7)

यानियानि च भूतानि दत्तानि भुवि मानवैः । यमलोकपथे तानि तिष्ठन्त्येषां समीपतः

yāniyāni ca bhūtāni dattāni bhuvi mānavaiḥ yamalokapathe tāni tiṣṭhantyeṣāṁ samīpataḥ

"Whatever things are given as gifts by men upon the earth stand ready near them on the road to Yamaloka."

Verse 8 (garuda.2.34.8)

व्यञ्जनानि विचित्राणि भक्ष्यभोज्यानि यानि च । ददाति विधिना पुत्र प्रेते तदु पतिष्ठति

vyañjanāni vicitrāṇi bhakṣyabhojyāni yāni ca dadāti vidhinā putra prete tadu patiṣṭhati

"My child, various delicacies and foods given according to rule reach the preta."

Verse 9 (garuda.2.34.9)

आत्मा वै पुत्रनामास्ति पुत्रस्त्राता यमालये । तारयेत्पितरं घोरात्तेन पुत्त्रः प्रवक्ष्यते

ātmā vai putranāmāsti putrastrātā yamālaye tārayetpitaraṁ ghorāttena puttraḥ pravakṣyate

"It is the self itself that bears the name 'son'; the son is the protector in Yama's abode — he saves his father from terrible torment, and therefore he is called 'putra'."

Verse 10 (garuda.2.34.10)

अतो देयञ्च पुत्रेण श्राद्धमाजी वितावधि । अतिवाहस्तदा प्रेतो भोगान् वै लभते हि सः

ato deyañca putreṇa śrāddhamājī vitāvadhi ativāhastadā preto bhogān vai labhate hi saḥ

"Therefore the shraddha should be given by the son for as long as he lives; only then does the ativaha, the preta, come to receive its enjoyments."

Verse 11 (garuda.2.34.11)

दह्यमानस्य प्रेतस्य स्वजनैर्यो जलाञ्जलिः । दीयते प्रेतरूपोऽसौ प्रीतो याति यमालये

dahyamānasya pretasya svajanairyo jalāñjaliḥ dīyate pretarūpo'sau prīto yāti yamālaye

"The water-offering given by kinsmen to the preta as it is being cremated — receiving it in his preta-form, he goes contentedly to Yama's abode."

Verse 12 (garuda.2.34.12)

अपक्वे मृन्मये पात्रे दुग्धं दत्तं दिनत्रयम् । काष्ठत्रयं गुणैर्बद्ध्वा प्रीत्यै रात्रौ चतुष्पथे

apakve mṛnmaye pātre dugdhaṁ dattaṁ dinatrayam kāṣṭhatrayaṁ guṇairbaddhvā prītyai rātrau catuṣpathe

"Milk should be kept for three days in an unfired clay vessel; at night, three sticks bound together with a cord should be placed at the crossroads for his satisfaction."

Verse 13 (garuda.2.34.13)

प्रथमेऽह्नि द्वितीये च तृतीये च तथा खग । आकाशस्थं पिबेद्दुग्धं प्रेतो वायुवपुर्धरः

prathame'hni dvitīye ca tṛtīye ca tathā khaga ākāśasthaṁ pibeddugdhaṁ preto vāyuvapurdharaḥ

"O bird, on the first, second, and third day, the preta, clothed in a body of wind, drinks that milk set out in the open air."

Verse 14 (garuda.2.34.14)

चतुर्थे सञ्चयः कार्यः चतुर्थे?वापि साग्निके । अस्थिसञ्चयनं कार्यं दद्यादापाञ्जलिं ततः

caturthe sañcayaḥ kāryaḥ caturthe?vāpi sāgnike asthisañcayanaṁ kāryaṁ dadyādāpāñjaliṁ tataḥ

"On the fourth day the gathering of bones should be done, on the fourth day too for one who keeps the sacred fire; having gathered the bones, water-offerings should then be given."

Verse 15 (garuda.2.34.15)

न पूर्वाह्ने न मध्याह्ने नापराह्ने न सन्धिषु । याते प्रथमयामे तु दद्यादापजलाञ्जंलीन्

na pūrvāhne na madhyāhne nāparāhne na sandhiṣu yāte prathamayāme tu dadyādāpajalāñjaṁlīn

"Not in the forenoon, not at midday, not in the afternoon, nor at the junctures of the day — only once the first watch has passed should the water-offering be given."

Verse 16 (garuda.2.34.16)

पुत्त्रेण दत्ते ते सर्वे गोत्रिणो हितबान्धवाः । स्वजात्यैः परजात्यैश्च देयो नद्यां जलाञ्जलिः

puttreṇa datte te sarve gotriṇo hitabāndhavāḥ svajātyaiḥ parajātyaiśca deyo nadyāṁ jalāñjaliḥ

"Once all these are given by the son, kinsmen of the gotra and well-wishing relatives, of one's own caste and of other castes, should give the water-offering in a river."

Verse 17 (garuda.2.34.17)

गन्तव्यं नैव विप्रेण दातुं शीघ्रं जलाञ्जलिम् । निवृत्ताश्च यदा नार्यो लोकाचारः सदाभवेत्

gantavyaṁ naiva vipreṇa dātuṁ śīghraṁ jalāñjalim nivṛttāśca yadā nāryo lokācāraḥ sadābhavet

"A brahmin should not rush to give the water-offering; once the women have returned, the customary practice of the world should then be observed."

Verse 18 (garuda.2.34.18)

पञ्चत्वञ्च गते शूद्रे यः काष्ठं नयते चिताम् । अनुव्रजेद्यदा विप्रस्त्रिरात्रमशुचिर्भवेत्

pañcatvañca gate śūdre yaḥ kāṣṭhaṁ nayate citām anuvrajedyadā viprastrirātramaśucirbhavet

"When a shudra has died, whoever carries wood for the pyre, and any brahmin who follows behind, remains impure for three nights."

Verse 19 (garuda.2.34.19)

त्रिरात्रे च ततः पूर्णे नदीं गच्छेत्समुद्रगाम् । प्राणायामशतं कृत्वा घृतं प्राश्य विशुध्यति

trirātre ca tataḥ pūrṇe nadīṁ gacchetsamudragām prāṇāyāmaśataṁ kṛtvā ghṛtaṁ prāśya viśudhyati

"Once the three nights are complete, he should go to a river flowing to the sea; having performed a hundred breath-controls and drunk ghee, he becomes pure."

Verse 20 (garuda.2.34.20)

शूद्रो गच्छति सर्वत्र वैश्यस्त्रिषु द्वयोः परः । गच्छति स्वीयवर्णेषु दातुं प्रेते जलाञ्जलिम्

śūdro gacchati sarvatra vaiśyastriṣu dvayoḥ paraḥ gacchati svīyavarṇeṣu dātuṁ prete jalāñjalim

"A shudra may go anywhere; a vaishya to three varnas, a kshatriya to two; to give the water-offering to a preta, each varna goes among its own kind."

Verse 21 (garuda.2.34.21)

दत्ते जलाञ्जलौ पश्चाद्विदध्याद्दन्तधावनम् । त्यजन्ति गोत्रिणः सर्वे दिनानि नव काश्यप

datte jalāñjalau paścādvidadhyāddantadhāvanam tyajanti gotriṇaḥ sarve dināni nava kāśyapa

"After the water-offering is given, tooth-cleaning should be done. O Kashyapa, all kinsmen of the gotra should observe restraint for nine days,"

Verse 22 (garuda.2.34.22)

जलाञ्जलिं तथा दातुं गच्छन्ति द्विजसत्तमाः । यत्र स्थाने मृतो यस्तु अध्वन्यपि गृहेऽपि वा । विश्लेषस्तु ततः स्थानान्न क्वचिद्विहितो बुधैः

jalāñjaliṁ tathā dātuṁ gacchanti dvijasattamāḥ yatra sthāne mṛto yastu adhvanyapi gṛhe'pi vā viśleṣastu tataḥ sthānānna kvacidvihito budhaiḥ

"and the finest of the twice-born go to give the water-offering. In whatever place death occurred, on the road or in the house, separation from that place is nowhere prescribed by the wise."

Verse 23 (garuda.2.34.23)

स्त्रीजनश्चाग्रतो गच्छेत्पृष्ठतो नवसञ्चयः । आचमनं विधातव्यं पाषाणोपरि संस्थितैः

strījanaścāgrato gacchetpṛṣṭhato navasañcayaḥ ācamanaṁ vidhātavyaṁ pāṣāṇopari saṁsthitaiḥ

"The women should go ahead, and the nine bone-gatherers behind; sipping water for purification should be done while standing upon a stone."

Verse 24 (garuda.2.34.24)

यवांश्च सर्षपान् दूर्वाः पूर्णपात्रे विलोकयेत् । प्राशयेन्निम्बपत्राणि स्नेहस्नानं समाचरेत्

yavāṁśca sarṣapān dūrvāḥ pūrṇapātre vilokayet prāśayennimbapatrāṇi snehasnānaṁ samācaret

"One should look at barley, mustard, and durva grass in a full vessel, chew neem leaves, and perform an oil-bath."

Verse 25 (garuda.2.34.25)

गोत्रिभिर्न च कर्तव्यं गृहान्नञ्च न भोजयेत् । भुञ्जीत मृन्मये पात्रे उत्तानञ्च विवर्जयेत्

gotribhirna ca kartavyaṁ gṛhānnañca na bhojayet bhuñjīta mṛnmaye pātre uttānañca vivarjayet

"This should not be done by the household's own kin, nor should food of the house be eaten; one should eat from an earthen vessel, and lying flat on the back is forbidden."

Verse 26 (garuda.2.34.26)

मृतकस्य गुणा ग्राह्या यमगाथां समुद्गिरेत् । शुभाशुभे च ध्यातव्ये पूर्वकर्मोपसञ्चिते

mṛtakasya guṇā grāhyā yamagāthāṁ samudgiret śubhāśubhe ca dhyātavye pūrvakarmopasañcite

"The virtues of the deceased should be recalled, and the story of Yama told; one should reflect on the good and bad deeds accumulated from before."

Verse 27 (garuda.2.34.27)

लब्धेनैव च देहेन भुङ्क्ते सुकृतदुष्कृते । वायुरूपो भ्रमत्येव वायुरूर्ध्वं स गच्छति

labdhenaiva ca dehena bhuṅkte sukṛtaduṣkṛte vāyurūpo bhramatyeva vāyurūrdhvaṁ sa gacchati

"With the very body he has obtained, he experiences his good and bad deeds; wandering in the form of wind, he rises upward."

Verse 28 (garuda.2.34.28)

दशाहकर्मक्रियया कुटी निष्पाद्यते ध्रुवम् । नवकैः षोडशश्राद्धैः प्रयाति हि कुटीं नरः

daśāhakarmakriyayā kuṭī niṣpādyate dhruvam navakaiḥ ṣoḍaśaśrāddhaiḥ prayāti hi kuṭīṁ naraḥ

"By the ten-day rite, a hut, a subtle form, is certainly fashioned; through the nine-fold and sixteen shraddhas, a man attains that hut."

Verse 29 (garuda.2.34.29)

तिलैर्दर्भैश्च भूम्यां वै कुटी धातुमयी भवेत् । पञ्च रत्नानि वक्त्रे तु येन जीवः प्ररोहति

tilairdarbhaiśca bhūmyāṁ vai kuṭī dhātumayī bhavet pañca ratnāni vaktre tu yena jīvaḥ prarohati

"With sesame and darbha upon the ground, that hut becomes formed of substance; by the placing of the five jewels in the mouth, the soul sprouts forth within it."

Verse 30 (garuda.2.34.30)

यदा पुष्पं प्रनष्टं हि तदा गर्भं न धारयेत् । आदराच्च ततो भूमौ तिलदर्भान्विनिः क्षिपेत्

yadā puṣpaṁ pranaṣṭaṁ hi tadā garbhaṁ na dhārayet ādarācca tato bhūmau tiladarbhānviniḥ kṣipet

"When that flowering rite fails, no embryo is held; therefore sesame and darbha should be scattered upon the ground with reverence."

Verse 31 (garuda.2.34.31)

पशुत्वे स्थावरत्वे च यत्र क्वापि स जायते । तत्रैव जन्तुरुत्पन्नः श्राद्धं तत्रोपतिष्ठति

paśutve sthāvaratve ca yatra kvāpi sa jāyate tatraiva janturutpannaḥ śrāddhaṁ tatropatiṣṭhati

"Whether that being is born as an animal or as a plant, wherever it is born, the shraddha reaches it there."

Verse 32 (garuda.2.34.32)

धन्विना लक्ष्यमुद्दिश्य मुक्तो बाणस्तदाप्नुयात् । यथा श्राद्धं यमुद्दिश्य कृतं तस्योपतिष्ठति

dhanvinā lakṣyamuddiśya mukto bāṇastadāpnuyāt yathā śrāddhaṁ yamuddiśya kṛtaṁ tasyopatiṣṭhati

"As an arrow loosed by an archer at a mark reaches that very mark, so too the shraddha performed with someone in mind reaches that very person."

Verse 33 (garuda.2.34.33)

यावन्नोत्पादितो देहस्तावच्छ्राद्धैर्न प्रीणनम् । क्षुधाविभ्रममापन्नो दशाहेन च तर्पितः

yāvannotpādito dehastāvacchrāddhairna prīṇanam kṣudhāvibhramamāpanno daśāhena ca tarpitaḥ

"As long as the new body has not yet arisen, there is no satisfaction through shraddhas; overwhelmed by hunger, he is satisfied by the rite of the ten days."

Verse 34 (garuda.2.34.34)

पिण्डदानं न यस्याभूदाकाशे भ्रमते तु सः । दिनत्रयं वसंस्तोये अग्नावपि दिनत्रयम् । आकाशे वसते त्रीणि दिनमेकन्तु वासके

piṇḍadānaṁ na yasyābhūdākāśe bhramate tu saḥ dinatrayaṁ vasaṁstoye agnāvapi dinatrayam ākāśe vasate trīṇi dinamekantu vāsake

"One to whom the pinda-offering has not been given wanders in the sky; three days he dwells in water, three days in fire, three days in the sky, and one day in his former dwelling."

Verse 35 (garuda.2.34.35)

दग्धे देहे च वह्नौ च जलेनैव तु तर्पितः । स्नेहस्नानं जलेनैव पूपकैः कृशरैर्गृहे

dagdhe dehe ca vahnau ca jalenaiva tu tarpitaḥ snehasnānaṁ jalenaiva pūpakaiḥ kṛśarairgṛhe

"When the body is burned in the fire, he is satisfied by water alone; at home, satisfaction comes from an oil-bath with water, and from sweet cakes and rice porridge."

Verse 36 (garuda.2.34.36)

प्रथमेऽह्नि तृतीये च पञ्चमे सप्तमेऽपि वा । नवमैकादशे चैव श्राद्धं नवकमुच्यते

prathame'hni tṛtīye ca pañcame saptame'pi vā navamaikādaśe caiva śrāddhaṁ navakamucyate

"The shraddha performed on the first, third, fifth, seventh, ninth, and eleventh days is called the 'nine-fold' shraddha."

Verse 37 (garuda.2.34.37)

गृहद्वारे श्मशाने वा तीर्थे देवालयेऽपि वा । यत्राद्यो दीयते पिण्डस्तत्र सर्वान् समापयेत्

gṛhadvāre śmaśāne vā tīrthe devālaye'pi vā yatrādyo dīyate piṇḍastatra sarvān samāpayet

"At the door of the house, at the cremation ground, at a holy ford, or at a temple — wherever the first pinda is given, there all the rest should be completed."

Verse 38 (garuda.2.34.38)

एकादशाहे यच्छ्राद्धं तत्सामान्यमुदाहृतम् । चतुर्णामेकवर्णानां शुद्ध्यर्थं स्नानमुच्यते

ekādaśāhe yacchrāddhaṁ tatsāmānyamudāhṛtam caturṇāmekavarṇānāṁ śuddhyarthaṁ snānamucyate

"The shraddha performed on the eleventh day is called the ordinary one; bathing is prescribed alike for the purification of all four varnas."

Verse 39 (garuda.2.34.39)

कृत्वा चैकादशाहञ्च पुनः स्नात्वा शुचिर्भवेत् । दद्याद्विप्राय यः शय्यां यथोक्तं प्रेतमोक्षदाम्

kṛtvā caikādaśāhañca punaḥ snātvā śucirbhavet dadyādviprāya yaḥ śayyāṁ yathoktaṁ pretamokṣadām

"Having performed the eleventh-day rite, one should bathe again and become pure; whoever gives a brahmin the prescribed bed grants liberation to the preta."

Verse 40 (garuda.2.34.40)

न भवेत्यदा स गोत्रो परोऽपि विधिमाचरेत् । भार्या वा पुरुषः कश्चित्तुष्टश्च कुरुते स्त्रियः

na bhavetyadā sa gotro paro'pi vidhimācaret bhāryā vā puruṣaḥ kaścittuṣṭaśca kurute striyaḥ

"If he has no kinsman of the gotra, this rite may be performed by anyone else — a wife, some man, or, when they consent, women as well."

Verse 41 (garuda.2.34.41)

प्रथमेऽहनि यः पिण्डो दीयते विधिपूर्वकम् । अन्नाद्येन च तेनैव सर्वश्राद्धानि कारयेत्

prathame'hani yaḥ piṇḍo dīyate vidhipūrvakam annādyena ca tenaiva sarvaśrāddhāni kārayet

"With the same food as the pinda given properly on the first day, all the shraddhas should be performed."

Verse 42 (garuda.2.34.42)

अमन्त्रं कारयेच्छ्राद्धं दशाहं नामगोत्रतः । श्राद्धं कृतन्तु यैर्वस्त्रैस्तानि त्यक्त्वा गृहं विशेत्

amantraṁ kārayecchrāddhaṁ daśāhaṁ nāmagotrataḥ śrāddhaṁ kṛtantu yairvastraistāni tyaktvā gṛhaṁ viśet

"The ten-day shraddha should be performed without mantras, by name and gotra; only after discarding the garments worn during the shraddha should one enter the house."

Verse 43 (garuda.2.34.43)

असगोत्रः सगोत्रो वा यदि स्त्री यदि वा पुमान् । प्रथमेऽहनि यः कुर्यात्स दशाहं समापयेत्

asagotraḥ sagotro vā yadi strī yadi vā pumān prathame'hani yaḥ kuryātsa daśāhaṁ samāpayet

"Whether of the same gotra or not, whether woman or man, whoever begins the rite on the first day should complete the ten-day period."

Verse 44 (garuda.2.34.44)

जीवस्य दशभिः पिण्डैर्देहो निष्पाद्यते ध्रुवम् । वृद्धिश्च दशभिर्मासैर्गर्भस्थस्य यथा भवेत्

jīvasya daśabhiḥ piṇḍairdeho niṣpādyate dhruvam vṛddhiśca daśabhirmāsairgarbhasthasya yathā bhavet

"Through the ten pindas the soul's body is certainly formed, just as the being in the womb grows across ten months."

Verse 45 (garuda.2.34.45)

आशौचं यावदेतस्य तावत्पिण्डोदकक्रिया । चतुर्णामपि वर्णानामेष एव विधिः स्मृतः

āśaucaṁ yāvadetasya tāvatpiṇḍodakakriyā caturṇāmapi varṇānāmeṣa eva vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ

"For as long as this impurity lasts, the pinda-and-water rite should continue; this same rule is remembered for all four varnas."

Verse 46 (garuda.2.34.46)

यत्र त्रिरात्रमाशौचं तत्रादौ त्रीन् प्रदापयेत् । चतुरस्तु द्वितीयेऽह्नि तृतीये त्रींश्तथैव च

yatra trirātramāśaucaṁ tatrādau trīn pradāpayet caturastu dvitīye'hni tṛtīye trīṁśtathaiva ca

"Where the impurity lasts three nights, three pindas should be given at the start; four on the second day, and three again on the third."

Verse 47 (garuda.2.34.47)

पृथक्शरावयोर्दद्यादेकाहं क्षीरमम्बु च । एकोद्दिष्टन्तु वै श्राद्धं चतुर्थेऽहनि कारयेत्

pṛthakśarāvayordadyādekāhaṁ kṣīramambu ca ekoddiṣṭantu vai śrāddhaṁ caturthe'hani kārayet

"For one day, milk and water should be given separately in two vessels; on the fourth day the ekoddishta shraddha should be performed."

Verse 48 (garuda.2.34.48)

प्रथमेऽहनि यः पिण्डस्तेन मूर्धा प्रजायते । चक्षुः श्रोत्रञ्च नासा च द्वितीयेऽह्नि प्रजायते

prathame'hani yaḥ piṇḍastena mūrdhā prajāyate cakṣuḥ śrotrañca nāsā ca dvitīye'hni prajāyate

"By the pinda given on the first day the head is formed; on the second day the eyes, ears, and nose are formed."

Verse 49 (garuda.2.34.49)

गण्डौ वक्त्रं तथा ग्रीवा तृतीयेऽहनि जायते । हृदयं कुक्षिरुदरं चतुर्थे तद्वदेव हि

gaṇḍau vaktraṁ tathā grīvā tṛtīye'hani jāyate hṛdayaṁ kukṣirudaraṁ caturthe tadvadeva hi

"On the third day the cheeks, face, and neck are formed; on the fourth day likewise the heart, sides, and belly."

Verse 50 (garuda.2.34.50)

कटिपृष्ठं गुदञ्चापि पञ्चमेऽहनि जायते । षष्ठे ऊरू च विज्ञेये सप्तमे गुल्फसम्भवः

kaṭipṛṣṭhaṁ gudañcāpi pañcame'hani jāyate ṣaṣṭhe ūrū ca vijñeye saptame gulphasambhavaḥ

"On the fifth day the waist, back, and anus are formed; the thighs should be known on the sixth, the ankles on the seventh."

Verse 51 (garuda.2.34.51)

अष्टमे दिवसे प्राप्ते जङ्घे च भवतोऽण्डज । पादौ च नवमे ज्ञेयौ दशमे बलवत्क्षुधा

aṣṭame divase prāpte jaṅghe ca bhavato'ṇḍaja pādau ca navame jñeyau daśame balavatkṣudhā

"O egg-born one, when the eighth day comes the shins are formed; the feet should be known on the ninth, and on the tenth, intense hunger arises."

Verse 52 (garuda.2.34.52)

एकादशाहे यः पिण्डस्तं दद्यादामिषेण तु । सिद्धान्नं तस्य दातव्यं कृशराः पूपकाः पयः । प्रक्षाल्य विप्रचरणावर्घ्यं धूपञ्च दीपक्रम्

ekādaśāhe yaḥ piṇḍastaṁ dadyādāmiṣeṇa tu siddhānnaṁ tasya dātavyaṁ kṛśarāḥ pūpakāḥ payaḥ prakṣālya vipracaraṇāvarghyaṁ dhūpañca dīpakram

"The pinda given on the eleventh day should be given together with meat; cooked food, porridge, cakes, and milk should be given; a brahmin's feet should be washed and arghya, incense, and a lamp offered."

Verse 53 (garuda.2.34.53)

द्वादश प्रतिमास्यानि श्राद्धान्यैकादशे तथा । त्रिपक्षञ्चापि षण्मासे द्वे श्राद्धानि च षोडश

dvādaśa pratimāsyāni śrāddhānyaikādaśe tathā tripakṣañcāpi ṣaṇmāse dve śrāddhāni ca ṣoḍaśa

"The twelve monthly shraddhas, the shraddha of the eleventh day, the three-fortnight and six-month rites, and two further shraddhas — sixteen shraddhas in all."

Verse 54 (garuda.2.34.54)

प्रति मासं प्रदातव्यं मृताहे या तिथिर्भवेत् । स मासः प्रथमो ज्ञेय इति वेदविदो विदुः

prati māsaṁ pradātavyaṁ mṛtāhe yā tithirbhavet sa māsaḥ prathamo jñeya iti vedavido viduḥ

"Each month the shraddha should be given on the tithi of the death; that month is to be known as the first, so the knowers of the Veda understand."

Verse 55 (garuda.2.34.55)

शवहस्ते च यच्छ्राद्धं मृतिस्थाने द्विजासने । तदेव प्रथमं श्राद्धं तत्स्यादेकादशेऽहनि

śavahaste ca yacchrāddhaṁ mṛtisthāne dvijāsane tadeva prathamaṁ śrāddhaṁ tatsyādekādaśe'hani

"The shraddha performed with the hand of the corpse, at the place of death, upon a brahmin's seat — that itself is the first shraddha, and it falls on the eleventh day."

Verse 56 (garuda.2.34.56)

सा तिथिर्मासिके श्राद्धे मृतो यस्मिन् दिने नरः । रिक्तयोश्च त्रिपक्षे च सा तिथिर्नाद्रियेत वै

sā tithirmāsike śrāddhe mṛto yasmin dine naraḥ riktayośca tripakṣe ca sā tithirnādriyeta vai

"In the monthly shraddha the tithi to be observed is the one on which the person died; but on the empty tithis and in the three-fortnight rite, that tithi should not be observed."

Verse 57 (garuda.2.34.57)

पौर्णमास्यां मृतो योऽसौ चतुर्थी तस्य चोनका । चतुर्थ्यान्तु मृतो यस्तु नवमी तस्य चोनका

paurṇamāsyāṁ mṛto yo'sau caturthī tasya conakā caturthyāntu mṛto yastu navamī tasya conakā

"For one who dies on the full-moon day, the fourth tithi is his empty one; for one who dies on the fourth tithi, the ninth is his empty one."

Verse 58 (garuda.2.34.58)

नवम्याञ्च मृतो यश्च रिक्ता तस्य चतुर्दशी । एता रिक्ताश्च विज्ञेया अन्त्येष्टौ कुशलेन च

navamyāñca mṛto yaśca riktā tasya caturdaśī etā riktāśca vijñeyā antyeṣṭau kuśalena ca

"For one who dies on the ninth tithi, the fourteenth is his empty one — the skilled should know these empty tithis in the final rites."

Verse 59 (garuda.2.34.59)

एकादशाहे यच्छ्राद्धं नवकं तत्प्रकीर्तितम् । चतुष्पथे त्यजेदन्नं पुनः स्नानं समाचरेत्

ekādaśāhe yacchrāddhaṁ navakaṁ tatprakīrtitam catuṣpathe tyajedannaṁ punaḥ snānaṁ samācaret

"The shraddha performed on the eleventh day is called the 'nine-fold' one; the food should be left at the crossroads and bathing performed again."

Verse 60 (garuda.2.34.60)

एकादशाहादारभ्य घटस्यान्नं जलान्वितम् । दिनेदिने च दातव्यमब्दं यावद्द्विजोत्तमे

ekādaśāhādārabhya ghaṭasyānnaṁ jalānvitam dinedine ca dātavyamabdaṁ yāvaddvijottame

"Beginning from the eleventh day, the food of the water-pot together with water should be given daily to the finest brahmin for a full year."

Verse 61 (garuda.2.34.61)

मानुषस्य शरीरे तु विद्यते ह्यस्थिसञ्चयः । तत्संख्यः सर्वदेहेषु षष्ट्यधिकशतत्रयम्

mānuṣasya śarīre tu vidyate hyasthisañcayaḥ tatsaṁkhyaḥ sarvadeheṣu ṣaṣṭyadhikaśatatrayam

"In a human body there is a collection of bones; their number in every body is three hundred and sixty."

Verse 62 (garuda.2.34.62)

उदकुम्भेन पुष्टानि तान्यस्थीनि भवन्ति हि । एतस्माद्दीयते कुम्भः प्रीतिः प्रेतस्य जायते

udakumbhena puṣṭāni tānyasthīni bhavanti hi etasmāddīyate kumbhaḥ prītiḥ pretasya jāyate

"Those bones are nourished by the water-pot; therefore the pot is given, by which joy comes to the preta."

Verse 63 (garuda.2.34.63)

यस्मिन् दिने मृतो जन्तुरटव्यां विषमेऽपि वा । यदा तदा भवेद्दाहः सूतकं मृतवासरात्

yasmin dine mṛto janturaṭavyāṁ viṣame'pi vā yadā tadā bhaveddāhaḥ sūtakaṁ mṛtavāsarāt

"On whatever day a being dies, whether in the forest or in some difficult place, whenever the cremation occurs, the birth-and-death impurity is counted from the day of death."

Verse 64 (garuda.2.34.64)

तिलपात्रं तथान्नाद्यं गन्धधपादिकञ्च यत् । एकादशाहे दातव्यं तेन शूद्धो द्विजो भवेत्

tilapātraṁ tathānnādyaṁ gandhadhapādikañca yat ekādaśāhe dātavyaṁ tena śūddho dvijo bhavet

"A vessel of sesame, food, and scents and the like should be given on the eleventh day; by this a brahmin becomes purified."

Verse 65 (garuda.2.34.65)

क्षत्त्रियो द्वादशाहे तु वैश्यः पञ्चदशे तथा । शुद्धिः शूद्रस्य मासेन मृतके जातसूतके

kṣattriyo dvādaśāhe tu vaiśyaḥ pañcadaśe tathā śuddhiḥ śūdrasya māsena mṛtake jātasūtake

"A kshatriya on the twelfth day, a vaishya on the fifteenth; in the impurity of death or birth, a shudra's purification comes after a month."

Verse 66 (garuda.2.34.66)

मासत्रये त्रिरात्रं स्यात्षण्मासेन तु पक्षिणी । अहः संवत्सरादर्ब्वाक्पूर्णे दत्त्वोदकं शुचिः । अनेनैवा नुसारेण शुद्धिः स्यात्सार्ववर्णिकी

māsatraye trirātraṁ syātṣaṇmāsena tu pakṣiṇī ahaḥ saṁvatsarādarbvākpūrṇe dattvodakaṁ śuciḥ anenaivā nusāreṇa śuddhiḥ syātsārvavarṇikī

"Within three months the impurity lasts three nights, within six months eleven days; even before a full year has passed one may become pure by offering water — by this same order the purification of all varnas proceeds."

Verse 67 (garuda.2.34.67)

एकादशाहप्रभृति पुरतः प्रतिवत्सरम् । विश्वेदेवांस्तु सम्पूज्य पिण्डमेकञ्च निर्वपेत्

ekādaśāhaprabhṛti purataḥ prativatsaram viśvedevāṁstu sampūjya piṇḍamekañca nirvapet

"Beginning from the eleventh day, every year, having worshipped the Vishvadevas, one should offer a single pinda."

Verse 68 (garuda.2.34.68)

यथा तारागणाः सर्वे च्छाद्यन्ते रविरश्मिभिः । एवं प्रच्छाद्यते सर्वं न प्रेतो भवति क्वचित्

yathā tārāgaṇāḥ sarve cchādyante raviraśmibhiḥ evaṁ pracchādyate sarvaṁ na preto bhavati kvacit

"Just as the stars are all outshone by the rays of the sun, so all else is outshone by this rite; he does not remain a preta anywhere."

Verse 69 (garuda.2.34.69)

शय्यादानं प्रशंसन्ति सर्वदैव द्विजोत्तमाः । अनित्यं जीवनं य्समात्पश्चात्को नु प्रदास्यति

śayyādānaṁ praśaṁsanti sarvadaiva dvijottamāḥ anityaṁ jīvanaṁ ysamātpaścātko nu pradāsyati

"The finest of the twice-born ever praise the gift of a bed; since life is impermanent, who indeed will give it afterward?"

Verse 70 (garuda.2.34.70)

तावद्वन्धुः पिता तावद्यावज्जीवति मानवः । मृते मृत इति ज्ञात्वा क्षणात्स्नेहो निवर्तते

tāvadvandhuḥ pitā tāvadyāvajjīvati mānavaḥ mṛte mṛta iti jñātvā kṣaṇātsneho nivartate

"Only so long as a man lives is he called kinsman or father; once dead, known simply as 'dead', affection ceases in an instant."

Verse 71 (garuda.2.34.71)

आत्मैव ह्यात्मनो बन्धुरेवं ज्ञात्वा मुहुर्मुहुः । जीवन्नपीति सञ्चिन्त्य स्वीयं हितमनुस्तमरेत्

ātmaiva hyātmano bandhurevaṁ jñātvā muhurmuhuḥ jīvannapīti sañcintya svīyaṁ hitamanustamaret

"The self alone is kin to the self — knowing this again and again, thinking 'though I am alive now', one should see to one's own good oneself."

Verse 72 (garuda.2.34.72)

मृतानां कः सुतो दद्याद्द्विजेशय्यां सतूलिकाम् । एवं जानन्निदं सर्वं स्वहस्तेनैव दापयेत्

mṛtānāṁ kaḥ suto dadyāddvijeśayyāṁ satūlikām evaṁ jānannidaṁ sarvaṁ svahastenaiva dāpayet

"Which son will give a brahmin a cushioned bed once the parent is dead? Knowing all this, one should have it given with one's own hands while alive."

Verse 73 (garuda.2.34.73)

तस्माच्छय्यां समासाद्य सारदारुमर्यो दृढाम् । दन्तादिरुचिरां रम्यां हेमपट्टै रलङ्कृताम् । तस्यां संस्थाप्य हैमञ्च हरिं लक्ष्म्या समन्वितम्

tasmācchayyāṁ samāsādya sāradārumaryo dṛḍhām dantādirucirāṁ ramyāṁ hemapaṭṭai ralaṅkṛtām tasyāṁ saṁsthāpya haimañca hariṁ lakṣmyā samanvitam

"Therefore, having procured a bed of firm, fine wood, adorned with ivory and the like, lovely, decked with plates of gold, a golden image of Hari together with Lakshmi should be set upon it,"

Verse 74 (garuda.2.34.74)

घृतपूर्णञ्च कलशं परिकल्पयेत् । विज्ञेयो गरुड प्रीत्यै स निद्राकलशो बुधैः

ghṛtapūrṇañca kalaśaṁ parikalpayet vijñeyo garuḍa prītyai sa nidrākalaśo budhaiḥ

"and a pot filled with ghee prepared. O Garuda, this, given for his contentment, is called by the wise the 'sleep-pot'."

Verse 75 (garuda.2.34.75)

ताम्बूलकुङ्कुमक्षोदकर्पूरागुरुचन्दनम् । दीपिकोपानहच्छत्रचामरासनभाजनम्

tāmbūlakuṅkumakṣodakarpūrāgurucandanam dīpikopānahacchatracāmarāsanabhājanam

"Betel, saffron, camphor powder, aloeswood, and sandal; a lamp, sandals, an umbrella, a fly-whisk, a seat, and a vessel —"

Verse 76 (garuda.2.34.76)

पार्श्वेषु स्थापयेच्छक्त्या सप्तधान्यानि चैवहि । शयनस्थस्य भवति यच्चान्यदुपकारकम्

pārśveṣu sthāpayecchaktyā saptadhānyāni caivahi śayanasthasya bhavati yaccānyadupakārakam

"these should be placed at its sides according to one's means, and the seven grains as well, and whatever else benefits one who lies upon such a bed."

Verse 77 (garuda.2.34.77)

भृङ्गारकरकादर्शं पञ्चवर्णं वितानकम् । शय्यामेवंविधां कृत्वा ब्राह्मणाय निवेदयेत्

bhṛṅgārakarakādarśaṁ pañcavarṇaṁ vitānakam śayyāmevaṁvidhāṁ kṛtvā brāhmaṇāya nivedayet

"A pitcher, a mirror, a five-colored canopy — a bed made thus should be presented to a brahmin,"

Verse 78 (garuda.2.34.78)

सपत्नीकाय सम्पूज्य स्वर्लोकसुखदायिनीम् । वस्त्रैः सुशोभनैः पूज्य चैलकं परिधापयेत्

sapatnīkāya sampūjya svarlokasukhadāyinīm vastraiḥ suśobhanaiḥ pūjya cailakaṁ paridhāpayet

"having worshipped that brahmin together with his wife, presenting this bed that bestows the happiness of heaven, honoring it with fine garments and clothing it accordingly."

Verse 79 (garuda.2.34.79)

कर्णकण्ठाङ्गुलीबाहुभूषणैश्चित्रभूषणैः । गृहोपकरणैर्युक्तं गृहं धेन्वा समन्वितम्

karṇakaṇṭhāṅgulībāhubhūṣaṇaiścitrabhūṣaṇaiḥ gṛhopakaraṇairyuktaṁ gṛhaṁ dhenvā samanvitam

"Ornaments for the ears, neck, fingers, and arms, and wondrous adornments, together with household implements and a cow, and a gift of a house too should be made."

Verse 80 (garuda.2.34.80)

ततोर्ऽघः सम्प्रदातव्यः पञ्चरत्नफलाक्षतैः

tator'ghaḥ sampradātavyaḥ pañcaratnaphalākṣataiḥ

"Then arghya should be offered, together with the five jewels, fruit, and unbroken rice."

Verse 81 (garuda.2.34.81)

यथा न कृष्णशयनं शून्यं सागरकन्यया । शय्या ममाप्यशून्यास्तु तथा जन्मनिजन्मनि

yathā na kṛṣṇaśayanaṁ śūnyaṁ sāgarakanyayā śayyā mamāpyaśūnyāstu tathā janmanijanmani

"'As Krishna's bed is never empty of the ocean's daughter, so may my bed too never be empty, birth after birth.'"

Verse 82 (garuda.2.34.82)

दत्त्वैवं तल्पममलं क्षमाप्य च विसर्जयेत् । तथा चैकादशाहे तु विधिरेष प्रकीर्तितः

dattvaivaṁ talpamamalaṁ kṣamāpya ca visarjayet tathā caikādaśāhe tu vidhireṣa prakīrtitaḥ

"Having thus given the spotless bed and asked forgiveness, the rite should be concluded; thus this procedure has been described for the eleventh day."

Verse 83 (garuda.2.34.83)

ददाति यो हि धर्मार्थे बान्धवो बान्धवे मृते । विशेषमत्र पक्षे तु कथ्यमानं मया शृणु

dadāti yo hi dharmārthe bāndhavo bāndhave mṛte viśeṣamatra pakṣe tu kathyamānaṁ mayā śṛṇu

"Of the kinsman who gives this for the sake of dharma to a departed kinsman, hear now a special point I shall tell you."

Verse 84 (garuda.2.34.84)

उपयुक्तञ्च तस्यासीत्यत्किञ्चित्स्वगृहे पुरा । तस्य यद्गात्रसं लग्नं वस्त्रं भाजनवाहनम् । यदभीष्टञ्च तस्यासीत्तत्सर्वं परिकल्पयेत्

upayuktañca tasyāsītyatkiñcitsvagṛhe purā tasya yadgātrasaṁ lagnaṁ vastraṁ bhājanavāhanam yadabhīṣṭañca tasyāsīttatsarvaṁ parikalpayet

"Whatever he had used in his house before, whatever garment, vessel, or vehicle had touched his body, and whatever was dear to him, all of it should be arranged."

Verse 85 (garuda.2.34.85)

स्थापयेत्पुरुषं हैमं शय्योपरि शुभं बुधः । पूजयित्वा प्रदातव्या मृतशय्या यथोदिता

sthāpayetpuruṣaṁ haimaṁ śayyopari śubhaṁ budhaḥ pūjayitvā pradātavyā mṛtaśayyā yathoditā

"The wise man should place an auspicious golden figure of a man upon the bed; having worshipped it, the bed for the deceased, as described, should be given."

Verse 86 (garuda.2.34.86)

पुरन्दरगृहे सर्वं सूर्यपुत्रालये तथा । उपतिष्ठेत्सुखं जन्तोः शय्यादानप्रभावतः

purandaragṛhe sarvaṁ sūryaputrālaye tathā upatiṣṭhetsukhaṁ jantoḥ śayyādānaprabhāvataḥ

"In Indra's mansion, and in the mansion of Yama, the sun's son, all this becomes available to the being for its comfort, through the power of the gift of the bed."

Verse 87 (garuda.2.34.87)

पीडयन्ति न तं याम्याः पुरुषा भीषणाननाः । न घर्मेण न शीतेन बाध्यते स नरः क्वचित्

pīḍayanti na taṁ yāmyāḥ puruṣā bhīṣaṇānanāḥ na gharmeṇa na śītena bādhyate sa naraḥ kvacit

"The fearsome-faced servants of Yama do not torment him; that man is troubled by neither heat nor cold anywhere."

Verse 88 (garuda.2.34.88)

शय्यादानप्रभावेण प्रेतो मुच्यते बन्धनात् । अपिः पापसमायुक्तः स्वर्गलोकं स गच्छति

śayyādānaprabhāveṇa preto mucyate bandhanāt apiḥ pāpasamāyuktaḥ svargalokaṁ sa gacchati

"By the power of the gift of a bed, the preta is freed from bondage; even one still bound by sin goes to the world of heaven."

Verse 89 (garuda.2.34.89)

विमानवरमारूढः सेव्यमानोऽप्सरोगणैः । आभूतसंप्लवं यावत्तिष्ठेत्पातकवर्जितः

vimānavaramārūḍhaḥ sevyamāno'psarogaṇaiḥ ābhūtasaṁplavaṁ yāvattiṣṭhetpātakavarjitaḥ

"Mounted upon an excellent celestial chariot, attended by apsarases, free of sin, he dwells there until the dissolution of all beings."

Verse 90 (garuda.2.34.90)

नवकं षोडशश्राद्धं शय्या सांवत्सरं तथा । भर्तुर्या कुरुते नारी तस्याः श्रेयो ह्यनन्तकम्

navakaṁ ṣoḍaśaśrāddhaṁ śayyā sāṁvatsaraṁ tathā bharturyā kurute nārī tasyāḥ śreyo hyanantakam

"The nine-fold shraddha, the sixteen shraddhas, and the yearly bed-gift — whatever wife performs these for her husband gains endless benefit."

Verse 91 (garuda.2.34.91)

उपकाराय सा भर्तुर्जीवन्ती न मृता तथा । उद्धरेज्जीवमाना सा सती सत्यवती प्रियम्

upakārāya sā bharturjīvantī na mṛtā tathā uddharejjīvamānā sā satī satyavatī priyam

"This is for the husband's good while he is living, not only after death; while still alive, a faithful, truthful wife may deliver her beloved."

Verse 92 (garuda.2.34.92)

स्त्रिया दध्यन्नशयने हेमकुङ्कुममञ्जनम् । वस्त्रभूषा तथा शय्या सर्वमेतद्धि दापयेत्

striyā dadhyannaśayane hemakuṅkumamañjanam vastrabhūṣā tathā śayyā sarvametaddhi dāpayet

"For a woman too, curds and rice, a bed, gold, saffron, collyrium, garments and ornaments, and a bed — all of this should likewise be given."

Verse 93 (garuda.2.34.93)

उपकारकरं स्त्रीणां यद्भवोदिह किञ्चन । भूषणं गात्रलग्नञ्च वस्तु भोग्यादिकञ्च यत्

upakārakaraṁ strīṇāṁ yadbhavodiha kiñcana bhūṣaṇaṁ gātralagnañca vastu bhogyādikañca yat

"Whatever may be of benefit to women — ornaments worn upon the body, and whatever objects of enjoyment there may be —"

Verse 94 (garuda.2.34.94)

तत्सर्वं मेलयित्वा तु स्वेस्वे स्थाने नियोजयेत् । पूजयेल्लोकपालांश्च ग्रहान् देवीं विनायकम्

tatsarvaṁ melayitvā tu svesve sthāne niyojayet pūjayellokapālāṁśca grahān devīṁ vināyakam

"all of this should be gathered and set in its proper place. The guardians of the quarters, the planets, the Goddess, and Ganesha should be worshipped."

Verse 95 (garuda.2.34.95)

ततः शुक्लाम्बरधरो गृहीतकुसुमाञ्जलिः । इममुच्चारयेन्मन्त्रं विप्रस्य पुरतो बुधः

tataḥ śuklāmbaradharo gṛhītakusumāñjaliḥ imamuccārayenmantraṁ viprasya purato budhaḥ

"Then, clad in white garments, taking a handful of flowers, the wise man should recite this mantra before the brahmin:"

Verse 96 (garuda.2.34.96)

प्रेतस्य प्रतिमा ह्येषा सर्वोपकरणैर्युता । सर्वरत्नसमायुक्ता तव विप्रनिवेदिता

pretasya pratimā hyeṣā sarvopakaraṇairyutā sarvaratnasamāyuktā tava vipraniveditā

"'This image of the deceased, furnished with every requisite and adorned with every jewel, is presented to you, O brahmin.'"

Verse 97 (garuda.2.34.97)

आत्मा शम्भुः शिवा गौरी शक्रः सुरगणैः सह । तस्माच्छय्याप्रदानेन सैष आत्मा प्रसीदतु

ātmā śambhuḥ śivā gaurī śakraḥ suragaṇaiḥ saha tasmācchayyāpradānena saiṣa ātmā prasīdatu

"'The self is indeed Shambhu, Gauri-Shiva, and Indra together with the host of gods; therefore through this gift of the bed may this very self become gracious.'"

Verse 98 (garuda.2.34.98)

आचार्याय प्रदातव्या ब्राह्मणाय कुटुम्बिने । गृहीते ब्राह्मणस्तत्र कोऽदादिति च कीर्तयेत्

ācāryāya pradātavyā brāhmaṇāya kuṭumbine gṛhīte brāhmaṇastatra ko'dāditi ca kīrtayet

"This should be given to the family priest, to a householder brahmin; when it is received by the brahmin, it should be proclaimed who gave it."

Verse 99 (garuda.2.34.99)

ततः प्रदक्षिणीकृत्य प्रणिपत्य विसर्जयेत् । विधिनानेन वै पक्षिन् दानमेकस्य दापयेत्

tataḥ pradakṣiṇīkṛtya praṇipatya visarjayet vidhinānena vai pakṣin dānamekasya dāpayet

"Then, having circumambulated and bowed down, the rite should be concluded. O bird, by this procedure the gift should be given to a single recipient."

Verse 100 (garuda.2.34.100)

बहुभ्यो न प्रदेयानि गौर्गृहं शयनं स्त्रियः । विभक्तदक्षिणा ह्येते दातारं पातयन्ति हि

bahubhyo na pradeyāni gaurgṛhaṁ śayanaṁ striyaḥ vibhaktadakṣiṇā hyete dātāraṁ pātayanti hi

"A cow, a house, a bed, and women — these should not be given to many; a divided fee causes even the giver to fall."

Verse 101 (garuda.2.34.101)

एवं यो वितरेत्तार्क्ष्य शृणु तस्य च यत्फलम् । साग्रं वर्षशतं दिव्यं स्वर्गलोके महीयते

evaṁ yo vitarettārkṣya śṛṇu tasya ca yatphalam sāgraṁ varṣaśataṁ divyaṁ svargaloke mahīyate

"O Tarkshya, hear the fruit of whoever gives thus: he is honored in the world of heaven for a full hundred divine years."

Verse 102 (garuda.2.34.102)

यत्पुण्यन्तु व्यतीपाते कार्तिक्यामयनद्वये । द्वारकायान्तु यत्पुण्यं चन्द्रसूर्यग्रहे तथा

yatpuṇyantu vyatīpāte kārtikyāmayanadvaye dvārakāyāntu yatpuṇyaṁ candrasūryagrahe tathā

"Whatever merit is gained at the Vyatipata, in Kartika, and at the two solstices; whatever merit is gained at Dvaraka and at a lunar or solar eclipse —"

Verse 103 (garuda.2.34.103)

प्रयागे नैमिषे यच्च कुरुक्षेत्रे तर्थाबुदे । गङ्गायां यमुनायाञ्च सिन्धुसागरसंगमे

prayāge naimiṣe yacca kurukṣetre tarthābude gaṅgāyāṁ yamunāyāñca sindhusāgarasaṁgame

"whatever is gained at Prayaga, Naimisha, Kurukshetra, and Mount Abu, on the Ganga and Yamuna, and at the confluence of the Sindhu and the sea —"

Verse 104 (garuda.2.34.104)

तेषु यद्दीयते दानं तस्मादप्यधिकन्त्विदम् । एतच्छय्याप्रदानस्य नाप्नोति षोडशीं कलाम्

teṣu yaddīyate dānaṁ tasmādapyadhikantvidam etacchayyāpradānasya nāpnoti ṣoḍaśīṁ kalām

"whatever gift is given there, this bed-gift exceeds it; the fruit of all of those together does not reach even a sixteenth part of this gift of the bed."

Verse 105 (garuda.2.34.105)

यत्रासौ जायते प्राणी भुङ्क्ते तत्रैव तत्फलम् । कर्मक्षये क्षितौ याति मानुषः शुभदर्शनः

yatrāsau jāyate prāṇī bhuṅkte tatraiva tatphalam karmakṣaye kṣitau yāti mānuṣaḥ śubhadarśanaḥ

"In whatever form that being is born, there he enjoys that very fruit; when his merit is exhausted, he returns to the earth as a man of fair appearance,"

Verse 106 (garuda.2.34.106)

महाधनी च धर्मज्ञः सर्वशास्त्रविशारदः । पुनः स याति वैकुण्ठं मृतोऽसौ नरपुङ्गवः

mahādhanī ca dharmajñaḥ sarvaśāstraviśāradaḥ punaḥ sa yāti vaikuṇṭhaṁ mṛto'sau narapuṅgavaḥ

"very wealthy, learned in dharma, and skilled in every scripture; and, dying again, that foremost of men returns to Vaikuntha,"

Verse 107 (garuda.2.34.107)

दिव्यं विमानमारुह्य अप्सरोभिः समावृतः । अहोऽसौ हव्यकव्येषु पितृभिः सह मोदते

divyaṁ vimānamāruhya apsarobhiḥ samāvṛtaḥ aho'sau havyakavyeṣu pitṛbhiḥ saha modate

"mounted upon a divine chariot, surrounded by apsarases, rejoicing daily with the ancestors in the offerings of havya and kavya."

Verse 108 (garuda.2.34.108)

अष्टकासु कृतं श्राद्धममावास्यादिने तथा । मघासु पितृपर्वाणि यानियानि च तेषु च

aṣṭakāsu kṛtaṁ śrāddhamamāvāsyādine tathā maghāsu pitṛparvāṇi yāniyāni ca teṣu ca

"Whatever shraddhas are performed on the ashtaka days, on the new-moon day, under the Magha constellation, and at the ancestral festivals —"

Verse 109 (garuda.2.34.109)

शृणु तार्क्ष्य यथान्यायं प्रेतत्वे पितरो यदि । नोपतिष्ठन्ति श्राद्धानि सपिण्डीकरणं विना

śṛṇu tārkṣya yathānyāyaṁ pretatve pitaro yadi nopatiṣṭhanti śrāddhāni sapiṇḍīkaraṇaṁ vinā

"hear, O Tarkshya, in proper order — if the ancestors are still in the state of pretas, these shraddhas do not reach them without sapindikarana."

Verse 110 (garuda.2.34.110)

सपिण्डीकरणं कार्यं पूर्णे वर्षे न संशयः । आद्यन्तु शवशुद्ध्यर्थं कृत्वा चैवाक्ष षोडशीम्

sapiṇḍīkaraṇaṁ kāryaṁ pūrṇe varṣe na saṁśayaḥ ādyantu śavaśuddhyarthaṁ kṛtvā caivākṣa ṣoḍaśīm

"Sapindikarana should be performed once the year is complete, without doubt; at the outset, having performed the sixteen imperishable shraddhas for the corpse's purification,"

Verse 111 (garuda.2.34.111)

पितृपाङ्क्तिविशुर्ध्यं शतार्धेन? तु योजयेत् । वृद्धिं प्राप्याग्रतः कुर्याच्छूद्रस्य स्वच्छयैव हि

pitṛpāṅktiviśurdhyaṁ śatārdhena? tu yojayet vṛddhiṁ prāpyāgrataḥ kuryācchūdrasya svacchayaiva hi

"the purification of the ancestral line should be performed together with the fifty; once the increase-rite has been attained, it may, for a shudra too, be performed earlier by his own choice."

Verse 112 (garuda.2.34.112)

साम्प्रतं साग्निके कार्यं द्वादशाहे सपिण्डनम् । न चासौ कुरुते यावत्प्रेत एव स वह्निमान् । द्वादशाहे ततः कार्यं साग्निकेन सपिण्डनम्

sāmprataṁ sāgnike kāryaṁ dvādaśāhe sapiṇḍanam na cāsau kurute yāvatpreta eva sa vahnimān dvādaśāhe tataḥ kāryaṁ sāgnikena sapiṇḍanam

"Now for one who keeps the sacred fire, sapindana should be done on the twelfth day; until it is done, he remains a preta even though a fire-keeper; therefore the fire-keeper should perform sapindana on the twelfth day."

Verse 113 (garuda.2.34.113)

अस्थिपोक्षे गयाश्राद्धं श्राद्धञ्चापरपक्षिकम् । अब्दमध्ये न कुर्वीत सपिण्डीकरणं विना

asthipokṣe gayāśrāddhaṁ śrāddhañcāparapakṣikam abdamadhye na kurvīta sapiṇḍīkaraṇaṁ vinā

"The shraddha at Gaya for the bones, and the shraddha of the dark fortnight, should not be performed within the year without sapindikarana."

Verse 114 (garuda.2.34.114)

सपत्न्यो यदि बह्व्यः स्युरेका पुत्रवती भवेत् । सर्वास्ताः पुत्रवत्यः स्युस्तेनैकेनात्मजेन हि

sapatnyo yadi bahvyaḥ syurekā putravatī bhavet sarvāstāḥ putravatyaḥ syustenaikenātmajena hi

"If there are many co-wives and one of them has a son, all of them are considered to have a son through that single child."

Verse 115 (garuda.2.34.115)

नासपिण्डोग्निमान् पुत्रः पितृयज्ञं समाचरेत् । समाचाराद्भवेत्पापी पितृहा चापि जायते

nāsapiṇḍognimān putraḥ pitṛyajñaṁ samācaret samācārādbhavetpāpī pitṛhā cāpi jāyate

"A son not yet made sapinda should not perform the ancestral sacrifice, even if he keeps the sacred fire; by doing so he becomes a sinner, a slayer of his ancestors."

Verse 116 (garuda.2.34.116)

मृते भर्तरि या नारी प्राणांश्चैव परित्यजेत् । भर्त्रैव हि समं तस्याः प्रकुर्वीत सपिण्डनम्

mṛte bhartari yā nārī prāṇāṁścaiva parityajet bhartraiva hi samaṁ tasyāḥ prakurvīta sapiṇḍanam

"For a woman who gives up her life when her husband dies, sapindana should be performed together with her husband."

Verse 117 (garuda.2.34.117)

अस्थानिकापि या व्यूढा वैश्या वा क्षत्त्रियापि वा । याः पत्न्यो वै पितुः कश्चित्कुर्यात्पुत्रः सपिण्डनम्

asthānikāpi yā vyūḍhā vaiśyā vā kṣattriyāpi vā yāḥ patnyo vai pituḥ kaścitkuryātputraḥ sapiṇḍanam

"For a wife married outside the proper order, whether a vaishya or a kshatriya woman — whatever wives the father had, their sapindana should be performed by the son."

Verse 118 (garuda.2.34.118)

विप्रेणैव यदा शूद्रा परिणीता प्रमादतः । एकोद्दिष्टन्तु तच्छ्राद्ध सा तु तेनैव युज्यते

vipreṇaiva yadā śūdrā pariṇītā pramādataḥ ekoddiṣṭantu tacchrāddha sā tu tenaiva yujyate

"When a brahmin has married a shudra woman through some lapse, her ekoddishta shraddha should be joined together with his own."

Verse 119 (garuda.2.34.119)

अन्ये तु दश ये पुत्रा जाता वर्ण चतुष्टये । ते तासुतासु योक्त्वयाः सपिण्डीकरणे सदा

anye tu daśa ye putrā jātā varṇa catuṣṭaye te tāsutāsu yoktvayāḥ sapiṇḍīkaraṇe sadā

"The other ten kinds of sons born within the four varnas should always be joined, each with his own mother, in the sapindikarana."

Verse 120 (garuda.2.34.120)

अन्वष्टकासु यच्छ्राद्ध यच्छ्राद्धं वृद्धिहेतुकम् । पितुः पृथक्प्रदाव्यं स्त्रियाः पिण्डं सपिण्डने

anvaṣṭakāsu yacchrāddha yacchrāddhaṁ vṛddhihetukam pituḥ pṛthakpradāvyaṁ striyāḥ piṇḍaṁ sapiṇḍane

"In the shraddha performed at the Anvashtaka, and in the shraddha performed for the sake of increase, the father's pinda should be given separately, and likewise the wife's pinda in the sapindana."

Verse 121 (garuda.2.34.121)

पितामह्या समं मातुः पितुः सहपितामहैः । सपिण्डीकरणं कार्यमिति तार्क्ष्य मतं मम

pitāmahyā samaṁ mātuḥ pituḥ sahapitāmahaiḥ sapiṇḍīkaraṇaṁ kāryamiti tārkṣya mataṁ mama

"The mother's sapindikarana should be joined with the grandmother, and the father's with the grandfather — O Tarkshya, this is my considered view."

Verse 122 (garuda.2.34.122)

अपुत्रायां मृतायां तु पतिः कुर्यात्सपिण्डनम् । मात्रादितिसृभिः सार्धमेवं धर्मेण योजयेत्

aputrāyāṁ mṛtāyāṁ tu patiḥ kuryātsapiṇḍanam mātrāditisṛbhiḥ sārdhamevaṁ dharmeṇa yojayet

"If a sonless woman dies, her husband should perform her sapindana, joining her, according to dharma, together with the three women beginning with the mother-in-law."

Verse 123 (garuda.2.34.123)

पुत्रो नास्ति न भर्ता च स्त्रीणां तार्क्ष्य सपिण्डनम् । कारयेद्वृद्धिसमये भ्रातृदायाददेवरैः

putro nāsti na bhartā ca strīṇāṁ tārkṣya sapiṇḍanam kārayedvṛddhisamaye bhrātṛdāyādadevaraiḥ

"O Tarkshya, for a woman with neither son nor husband, her sapindana should be carried out at the time of the increase-rite by her brother's son or by her husband's younger brother."

Verse 124 (garuda.2.34.124)

पतिपुत्रविहीनानां गोत्री नास्ति न देवरः । एकोद्दिष्टेन दातव्यं परेण सह भ्रातृभिः

patiputravihīnānāṁ gotrī nāsti na devaraḥ ekoddiṣṭena dātavyaṁ pareṇa saha bhrātṛbhiḥ

"For women without husband, son, gotra-kin, or brother-in-law, the ekoddishta shraddha should be given by some other person, together with her brothers."

Verse 125 (garuda.2.34.125)

अज्ञानाद्विघ्नतो वापि न कृतञ्चेत्सपिण्डनम् । नवकं षोडशश्राद्धमाब्दिकं कारयेत्ततः

ajñānādvighnato vāpi na kṛtañcetsapiṇḍanam navakaṁ ṣoḍaśaśrāddhamābdikaṁ kārayettataḥ

"If, through ignorance or some obstacle, sapindana could not be performed, the nine-fold shraddha, the sixteen shraddhas, and the yearly rite should be performed instead."

Verse 126 (garuda.2.34.126)

अदाहे न च कर्तव्यं सदाहे कारयेद्बुधः । दर्भपुत्तलकं कृत्वा वह्निना दाहयेच्छवम्

adāhe na ca kartavyaṁ sadāhe kārayedbudhaḥ darbhaputtalakaṁ kṛtvā vahninā dāhayecchavam

"This should not be done without cremation; when cremation has occurred, the wise man should perform it. If the body itself cannot be found, an effigy of darbha should be made and burned with fire."

Verse 127 (garuda.2.34.127)

पितुः पुत्रेण कर्तव्यं न कुर्ब्वीत पिता सुते । अतिस्नेहान्न कर्तव्यं सपिण्डीकरणं सते

pituḥ putreṇa kartavyaṁ na kurbvīta pitā sute atisnehānna kartavyaṁ sapiṇḍīkaraṇaṁ sate

"This should be performed by the son for the father; a father should not perform it for a son; out of excessive affection, sapindikarana should not be performed by a father for a worthy son."

Verse 128 (garuda.2.34.128)

बहवोऽपि यदा पुत्रा विधिमेकः समाचरेत् । नवश्राद्धं सपिण्डत्वं श्राद्धान्यन्यानि षोडश

bahavo'pi yadā putrā vidhimekaḥ samācaret navaśrāddhaṁ sapiṇḍatvaṁ śrāddhānyanyāni ṣoḍaśa

"Even when there are many sons, one alone should carry out this rite — the nine-fold shraddha, sapindikarana, and the other sixteen shraddhas."

Verse 129 (garuda.2.34.129)

एकेनैव तु कार्यांणि अविभक्तधनेष्वपि । अन्त्येष्टिं कुरुते ह्येको मुनिभैः समुदाहृतम्

ekenaiva tu kāryāṁṇi avibhaktadhaneṣvapi antyeṣṭiṁ kurute hyeko munibhaiḥ samudāhṛtam

"This should be done by one person alone, even where the family wealth remains undivided; one alone performs the final rites, as the sages have said."

Verse 130 (garuda.2.34.130)

विभक्तैश्च पृथक्कार्या क्रिया सांवत्सरादिका । एकैकेन च कर्तव्या पुत्रेण च स्वयंस्वयम्

vibhaktaiśca pṛthakkāryā kriyā sāṁvatsarādikā ekaikena ca kartavyā putreṇa ca svayaṁsvayam

"For sons already separated in property, the yearly and other rites should be performed separately; each son should perform them individually, for himself."

Verse 131 (garuda.2.34.131)

यस्यैतानि न दत्तानि प्रेतश्राद्धानि षोडश । पिशाचत्वंस्थिरं तस्य कृतैः श्राद्धशतैरपि

yasyaitāni na dattāni pretaśrāddhāni ṣoḍaśa piśācatvaṁsthiraṁ tasya kṛtaiḥ śrāddhaśatairapi

"For one to whom these sixteen preta-shraddhas are not given, his state as a pishacha remains fixed even through a hundred other shraddhas."

Verse 132 (garuda.2.34.132)

भ्राता वा भ्रातृपुत्रो वा सपिण्डः शिष्य एव वा । सपिण्डीकरणं कुर्यात्पुत्रहीने खगेश्वर

bhrātā vā bhrātṛputro vā sapiṇḍaḥ śiṣya eva vā sapiṇḍīkaraṇaṁ kuryātputrahīne khageśvara

"O lord of birds, a brother, a brother's son, a sapinda kinsman, or even a disciple should perform the sapindikarana for one who has no son."

Verse 133 (garuda.2.34.133)

सर्वेषां पुत्रहीनानां पत्री कुर्यात्सपिण्डनम् । ऋत्विजं करायेद्वाथ पुरोहितमथापि वा

sarveṣāṁ putrahīnānāṁ patrī kuryātsapiṇḍanam ṛtvijaṁ karāyedvātha purohitamathāpi vā

"For all who are sonless, the wife should perform their sapindana, or have it performed through an officiating priest or the family purohita."

Verse 134 (garuda.2.34.134)

मृते पितर्यब्दमध्ये ह्युपरागो यदा भवेत् । पार्वणं न सुतैः कार्यं श्राद्धं नान्दीमुखं न च

mṛte pitaryabdamadhye hyuparāgo yadā bhavet pārvaṇaṁ na sutaiḥ kāryaṁ śrāddhaṁ nāndīmukhaṁ na ca

"If the father dies and, within that year, an eclipse occurs, the parvana shraddha and the nandimukha shraddha should not be performed by the sons."

Verse 135 (garuda.2.34.135)

तीर्थश्राद्धं गयाश्राद्धं श्राद्धमन्यच्च पैतृकम् । अब्दमध्ये न कुर्वीत महागुरुविपत्तिषु

tīrthaśrāddhaṁ gayāśrāddhaṁ śrāddhamanyacca paitṛkam abdamadhye na kurvīta mahāguruvipattiṣu

"The tirtha-shraddha, the Gaya-shraddha, and other ancestral shraddhas should not be performed within the year upon the death of a great elder such as a parent."

Verse 136 (garuda.2.34.136)

यमके च गजच्छायामन्वादिषु युगादिषु । पितृपिण्डो न दातव्यः सपिण्डीकरणं विना

yamake ca gajacchāyāmanvādiṣu yugādiṣu pitṛpiṇḍo na dātavyaḥ sapiṇḍīkaraṇaṁ vinā

"At the yamaka conjunction, at gaja-chhaya, on the anvadi days, and at the beginnings of the yugas — the ancestral pinda should not be given without sapindikarana."

Verse 137 (garuda.2.34.137)

यज्ञपुरुषस्य यद्दानं देवादीनाञ्च यत्तथा । अपूर्णेऽप्यब्दमध्येपि कर्तव्यमिति के च न

yajñapuruṣasya yaddānaṁ devādīnāñca yattathā apūrṇe'pyabdamadhyepi kartavyamiti ke ca na

"As to the gift due to the Purusha of sacrifice, and to the gods and others — whether it should be performed even within an incomplete year, some hold that it should, and some that it should not."

Verse 138 (garuda.2.34.138)

पितृभ्योपि हि यद्दत्तमर्घपिण्डविवर्जितम् । कर्तव्यं तच्च वै सर्वमेष एव विधिः स्मृतः

pitṛbhyopi hi yaddattamarghapiṇḍavivarjitam kartavyaṁ tacca vai sarvameṣa eva vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ

"Whatever is given to the ancestors apart from the arghya-pinda should also be performed — this same rule is remembered."

Verse 139 (garuda.2.34.139)

देवानां पितरो देवा पितॄणामृषयस्तथा । ऋषीणां पितरो देवाः पिता जयति तेन वै

devānāṁ pitaro devā pitṝṇāmṛṣayastathā ṛṣīṇāṁ pitaro devāḥ pitā jayati tena vai

"The ancestors of the gods are themselves gods; of the ancestors, the sages; and of the sages, the gods again — by this a father triumphs."

Verse 140 (garuda.2.34.140)

पितृदेवमनुष्याणां यज्ञनथो विभुर्भवेत् । यज्ञनाथस्य यद्दत्तं तद्दत्तं सर्वदेहिनाम्

pitṛdevamanuṣyāṇāṁ yajñanatho vibhurbhavet yajñanāthasya yaddattaṁ taddattaṁ sarvadehinām

"The Lord of Sacrifice becomes all-pervading over ancestors, gods, and men alike; whatever is given to the Lord of Sacrifice is reckoned as given to every embodied being."

Verse 141 (garuda.2.34.141)

मृते पितर्यब्दमध्ये यः श्राद्धं कारयेत्सुतः । सप्तजन्मकृता धर्माथीयते नात्र संशयः

mṛte pitaryabdamadhye yaḥ śrāddhaṁ kārayetsutaḥ saptajanmakṛtā dharmāthīyate nātra saṁśayaḥ

"The son who has the shraddha performed for a father who died within the year obtains the fruit of dharma practiced across seven births — there is no doubt of this."

Verse 142 (garuda.2.34.142)

प्रेतीभूतास्तु पितरो लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः । भ्रमन्ति वायुना सर्वे क्षुत्तृड्भ्यां परिपीडिताः

pretībhūtāstu pitaro luptapiṇḍodakakriyāḥ bhramanti vāyunā sarve kṣuttṛḍbhyāṁ paripīḍitāḥ

"Ancestors whose pinda-and-water rites have lapsed remain in preta-form, afflicted by hunger and thirst, wandering about together with the wind."

Verse 143 (garuda.2.34.143)

पितरि प्रेततापन्ने लुप्यते पैतृकी क्रिया । अथ मातुर्विपत्तिः स्यात्पितृकार्यं न लुप्यते

pitari pretatāpanne lupyate paitṛkī kriyā atha māturvipattiḥ syātpitṛkāryaṁ na lupyate

"When the father is himself in the state of a preta, the ancestral rite lapses; but when misfortune befalls the mother, the ancestral rite does not lapse."

Verse 144 (garuda.2.34.144)

मृता माता पिता तिष्ठेज्जीवन्ती च पितामही । सपिण्डनन्तु कर्तव्यं पितामह्या सहैव तु

mṛtā mātā pitā tiṣṭhejjīvantī ca pitāmahī sapiṇḍanantu kartavyaṁ pitāmahyā sahaiva tu

"If the mother has died while the father is still living, and the paternal grandmother too is living, the sapindana should be performed together with the grandmother."

Verse 145 (garuda.2.34.145)

सत्यंसत्यं पुनः सत्यं श्रूयतां वचनं मम । न पिण्डो मिलितो येषां मृतानान्तु नृणां भुवि

satyaṁsatyaṁ punaḥ satyaṁ śrūyatāṁ vacanaṁ mama na piṇḍo milito yeṣāṁ mṛtānāntu nṛṇāṁ bhuvi

"True, true, and true again — hear this word of mine: for those dead men upon the earth whose pinda has not been joined,"

Verse 146 (garuda.2.34.146)

उपतिष्ठेन्न वे तेषां पुत्रैर्दत्तमनेकधा । हन्तकारस्तदुद्देशे श्राद्धं नैव जलाञ्जलिः

upatiṣṭhenna ve teṣāṁ putrairdattamanekadhā hantakārastaduddeśe śrāddhaṁ naiva jalāñjaliḥ

"whatever gifts their sons give them, in however many ways, do not reach them at all; the shraddha and the water-offering made on their behalf go in vain."