The Yearly Shraddha and Other Rites

Verse 1 (garuda.2.45.1)

श्रीविष्णुरुवाच । प्रत्यब्दं श्राद्धमेवं ते कथयामि खगेश्वर । प्रत्यब्दं पार्वणेनैव कुर्यातां क्षेत्रजोरसौ

śrīviṣṇuruvāca pratyabdaṁ śrāddhamevaṁ te kathayāmi khageśvara pratyabdaṁ pārvaṇenaiva kuryātāṁ kṣetrajorasau

Shri Vishnu said: "O lord of birds, I shall tell you thus of the yearly shraddha. A field-begotten son or a natural-born son should perform the yearly rite by the parvana procedure alone."

Verse 2 (garuda.2.45.2)

विधिनाचेतरैरेवमेकोद्दिष्टं न पार्वणम्

vidhinācetarairevamekoddiṣṭaṁ na pārvaṇam

"By this same rule for other kinds of sons — it should be the ekoddishta, not the parvana."

Verse 3 (garuda.2.45.3)

अनग्नेश्च सुतौ स्यातामनग्नी क्षेत्रजोरसौ । एकोद्दिष्टं न कुर्यातां प्रत्यब्दं तौ तु पार्वणम्

anagneśca sutau syātāmanagnī kṣetrajorasau ekoddiṣṭaṁ na kuryātāṁ pratyabdaṁ tau tu pārvaṇam

"If both the field-begotten and natural sons are without the sacred fire, they should not perform the ekoddishta; their yearly shraddha should be the parvana."

Verse 4 (garuda.2.45.4)

यदा त्वन्यतरः साग्निः पुत्रो वाप्यथवा पिता । प्रत्यब्दं पार्वणं तत्र कुर्यातां क्षेत्रजौरसौ

yadā tvanyataraḥ sāgniḥ putro vāpyathavā pitā pratyabdaṁ pārvaṇaṁ tatra kuryātāṁ kṣetrajaurasau

"But when either of them — son or father — keeps the sacred fire, then the field-begotten and natural sons should perform the yearly parvana shraddha."

Verse 5 (garuda.2.45.5)

अनग्नयः साग्नयो वा पुत्रा वा पितरोऽपि वा । एकोद्दिष्टं सुतैः कार्यं क्षयाह इति केचन

anagnayaḥ sāgnayo vā putrā vā pitaro'pi vā ekoddiṣṭaṁ sutaiḥ kāryaṁ kṣayāha iti kecana

"Whether fireless or fire-keeping, whether sons or fathers, the ekoddishta should be performed by the sons — some say it should fall on the death-anniversary tithi itself."

Verse 6 (garuda.2.45.6)

दर्शकाले क्षयो यस्य प्रेतपक्षेऽथ वा पुनः । प्रत्यब्दं पार्वणं कार्यं तस्य सर्वैः सुतैरपि

darśakāle kṣayo yasya pretapakṣe'tha vā punaḥ pratyabdaṁ pārvaṇaṁ kāryaṁ tasya sarvaiḥ sutairapi

"For one whose death-tithi falls at the time of the new moon, or in the dark fortnight of the pretas, all his sons should perform the yearly parvana shraddha."

Verse 7 (garuda.2.45.7)

एकोद्दिष्टमपुत्राणां पुंसां स्याद्योपितामपि । एकोद्दिष्टे कुशा ग्राह्याः समूला यज्ञकर्मणि । बहिर्लूनाः सकृल्लनाः श्राद्धं वृद्धिमृते सदा

ekoddiṣṭamaputrāṇāṁ puṁsāṁ syādyopitāmapi ekoddiṣṭe kuśā grāhyāḥ samūlā yajñakarmaṇi bahirlūnāḥ sakṛllanāḥ śrāddhaṁ vṛddhimṛte sadā

"The ekoddishta shraddha belongs to sonless men, and to women as well. In the ekoddishta, darbha grass with its root should be taken for the sacred rite, cut from outside, cut only once; this shraddha should always be performed without the increase-rite."

Verse 8 (garuda.2.45.8)

कर्तव्ये पार्वणे श्राद्धे आशौचं यदि जायते । आशौचावगमे कुर्याच्छ्राद्धं हि तदनन्तरम्

kartavye pārvaṇe śrāddhe āśaucaṁ yadi jāyate āśaucāvagame kuryācchrāddhaṁ hi tadanantaram

"If, when the parvana shraddha must be performed, impurity arises, the shraddha should be performed only after the impurity has ended."

Verse 9 (garuda.2.45.9)

एकोद्दिष्टे तु सम्प्राप्ते यदि विघ्नः प्रजायते । मासेन्यस्मिन् तिथौ तस्यां कुर्याच्छ्राद्धं तदैव हि

ekoddiṣṭe tu samprāpte yadi vighnaḥ prajāyate māsenyasmin tithau tasyāṁ kuryācchrāddhaṁ tadaiva hi

"But if an obstacle arises when the time for the ekoddishta comes, the shraddha should be performed at that same time, in that same month, on that same tithi."

Verse 10 (garuda.2.45.10)

तूष्णीं श्राद्धान्तु शूद्रस्य भार्यायास्तत्सुतस्य च । कन्यायाश्च द्विजातीनामनुपेतद्विजस्य च

tūṣṇīṁ śrāddhāntu śūdrasya bhāryāyāstatsutasya ca kanyāyāśca dvijātīnāmanupetadvijasya ca

"For a shudra, for a wife, for her son, for a daughter of the twice-born, and for a twice-born who has not undergone the sacred-thread rite, the shraddhas should be silent, without mantras."

Verse 11 (garuda.2.45.11)

एककाले गता सूनां बहूनामथ वा द्वयोः । तन्त्रेण श्रपणं कुर्याच्छ्राद्धं कुर्यात्पृथक्पृथक्

ekakāle gatā sūnāṁ bahūnāmatha vā dvayoḥ tantreṇa śrapaṇaṁ kuryācchrāddhaṁ kuryātpṛthakpṛthak

"If several persons, or even two, die at the same time, the cooking should be done as a single operation, but the shraddha should be performed separately for each."

Verse 12 (garuda.2.45.12)

दद्यात्पूर्वं मृतस्यादौ द्वितीयस्य ततः पुनः । तृतीयस्य ततः कुर्यात्संनिपाते त्वयं विधिः (क्रमः)

dadyātpūrvaṁ mṛtasyādau dvitīyasya tataḥ punaḥ tṛtīyasya tataḥ kuryātsaṁnipāte tvayaṁ vidhiḥ (kramaḥ)

"The offering should be given first to the one who died first, then to the second, then to the third — this is the order when death occurs simultaneously."

Verse 13 (garuda.2.45.13)

प्रत्यब्दमेवं यः कुर्याद्यथातथमतन्द्रितः । तारयित्वा पितॄन् सर्वान् प्राप्नोति परमां गतिम्

pratyabdamevaṁ yaḥ kuryādyathātathamatandritaḥ tārayitvā pitṝn sarvān prāpnoti paramāṁ gatim

"Whoever performs this every year exactly as prescribed, without laziness, delivers all his ancestors and attains the highest state."

Verse 14 (garuda.2.45.14)

न ज्ञायते मृताहश्चेत्प्रस्थानदिनमेव च । मासश्चेत्स्यात्परिज्ञातस्तद्दर्शे स्यान्मृताहिकम्

na jñāyate mṛtāhaścetprasthānadinameva ca māsaścetsyātparijñātastaddarśe syānmṛtāhikam

"If neither the day of death nor the day of departure is known, but the month is known, the death-anniversary rite should be performed on the new-moon day of that month."

Verse 15 (garuda.2.45.15)

यदा मासो न विज्ञातो विज्ञातं दिनमेव च । तदा मार्गशिरे मासि माघे वा तद्दिनं भवेत्

yadā māso na vijñāto vijñātaṁ dinameva ca tadā mārgaśire māsi māghe vā taddinaṁ bhavet

"When the month is not known but the day is known, that day should be observed in the month of Margashirsha or Magha."

Verse 16 (garuda.2.45.16)

दिनमासावविज्ञातौ मरणस्य यदा पुनः । प्रस्थानदिनमासौ तु ग्राह्यौ श्राद्धे मयोदितौ

dinamāsāvavijñātau maraṇasya yadā punaḥ prasthānadinamāsau tu grāhyau śrāddhe mayoditau

"When neither the day nor the month of death is known, the day and month of departure should be adopted, as I have declared."

Verse 17 (garuda.2.45.17)

प्रस्थानस्यापि न ज्ञातौ दिनमासौ यदा पुनः । मृतवार्ताश्रुतौ ग्राह्यौ पूर्वप्रोक्तक्रमेण तु

prasthānasyāpi na jñātau dinamāsau yadā punaḥ mṛtavārtāśrutau grāhyau pūrvaproktakrameṇa tu

"When even the day and month of departure are not known, the day and month on which the news of death was heard should be adopted, following the order stated before."

Verse 18 (garuda.2.45.18)

प्रवासमन्तरेणापि स्यातां तौ विस्मृतौ यदा । तदानीमपि तौ ग्राह्यौ पूर्ववत्तु मृताहिके

pravāsamantareṇāpi syātāṁ tau vismṛtau yadā tadānīmapi tau grāhyau pūrvavattu mṛtāhike

"If even those day and month are forgotten, with no journey involved, they should still be adopted as before for the death-anniversary rite."

Verse 19 (garuda.2.45.19)

गृहस्थे प्रोषिते यच्च कश्चित्तु म्रियते गृहे । आसौचापगमे यत्र प्रारब्धे श्राद्धकर्मणि

gṛhasthe proṣite yacca kaścittu mriyate gṛhe āsaucāpagame yatra prārabdhe śrāddhakarmaṇi

"If a householder is away and someone dies at home, and the period of impurity has ended and the shraddha rite has already been begun,"

Verse 20 (garuda.2.45.20)

प्रत्यागतश्चेज्जानाति तत्र वृत्तं गृही तथा । आशौचं गृहिणस्तेषां न द्रव्यादेस्तदा भवेत्

pratyāgataścejjānāti tatra vṛttaṁ gṛhī tathā āśaucaṁ gṛhiṇasteṣāṁ na dravyādestadā bhavet

"and if the returning householder learns of what happened there, then no impurity remains for that household concerning wealth and the like."

Verse 21 (garuda.2.45.21)

पुत्रादिना यदारब्धं श्राद्धं तत्त्वेन वाखिलम् । समापनीयं तत्रापि श्राद्धं गृहीतु दूरतः

putrādinā yadārabdhaṁ śrāddhaṁ tattvena vākhilam samāpanīyaṁ tatrāpi śrāddhaṁ gṛhītu dūrataḥ

"Whatever shraddha has been begun by a son or other should be completed there in its entirety; even so, the right to the shraddha belongs to the householder, however far away he may be."

Verse 22 (garuda.2.45.22)

दात्रा बोक्त्रा च न ज्ञातं सूतकं मृतकं तथा । उभयोरपि तद्दोषं नारोपयति कर्हिचित्

dātrā boktrā ca na jñātaṁ sūtakaṁ mṛtakaṁ tathā ubhayorapi taddoṣaṁ nāropayati karhicit

"If neither the giver nor the eater knows of the sutaka or the death-impurity, that fault is never charged to either of them."

Verse 23 (garuda.2.45.23)

यदा त्वन्यतरज्ञातं सूतकं मृतकं तथा । भोक्तुरेव तदा दोषो नान्यो दाता प्रदुष्यति

yadā tvanyatarajñātaṁ sūtakaṁ mṛtakaṁ tathā bhoktureva tadā doṣo nānyo dātā praduṣyati

"But when either one knows of the sutaka or the death-impurity, the fault falls only on the eater; the giver is not tainted."

Verse 24 (garuda.2.45.24)

इत्युक्तेन प्रकारेण यः कुर्यान्मृतवासरम् । अविज्ञातमृताहस्य सततं तारयत्यसौ

ityuktena prakāreṇa yaḥ kuryānmṛtavāsaram avijñātamṛtāhasya satataṁ tārayatyasau

"Whoever performs the death-anniversary rite by this described procedure ever delivers even an ancestor whose death-tithi is unknown."

Verse 25 (garuda.2.45.25)

नित्यश्राद्धेऽथ गन्धाद्यैर्द्विजानभ्यर्च्य भक्तितः । सर्वान् पितृगणान् सम्यक्सहैवोद्दिश्य योजयेत्

nityaśrāddhe'tha gandhādyairdvijānabhyarcya bhaktitaḥ sarvān pitṛgaṇān samyaksahaivoddiśya yojayet

"In the daily shraddha, having devotedly honored brahmins with scent and the rest, one should properly and jointly dedicate the rite to the whole group of ancestors together."

Verse 26 (garuda.2.45.26)

आवाहनं स्वधाकारो पिण्डाग्नौकरणादिकम् । ब्रह्मचर्यादिनियमा विश्वदेवास्तथैव च

āvāhanaṁ svadhākāro piṇḍāgnaukaraṇādikam brahmacaryādiniyamā viśvadevāstathaiva ca

"Invocation, the exclamation svadha, placing the pinda in the fire and the rest, the observances beginning with celibacy, and the Vishvadevas —"

Verse 27 (garuda.2.45.27)

नित्यश्राद्धे त्यजेदेतान् भोज्यमन्नं प्रकल्पयेत् । दत्त्वा तु दक्षिणां शक्त्या नमस्कारैर्विसर्जयेत्

nityaśrāddhe tyajedetān bhojyamannaṁ prakalpayet dattvā tu dakṣiṇāṁ śaktyā namaskārairvisarjayet

"these should be omitted in the daily shraddha; food to be eaten should be prepared. Having given a fee according to one's means, the rite should be concluded with bows."

Verse 28 (garuda.2.45.28)

देवानुद्दिश्य विश्वादीन् यद्दद्याद्द्विजभोजनम् । तन्नित्यश्राद्धवत्कार्यं देवश्राद्धं तदुच्यते

devānuddiśya viśvādīn yaddadyāddvijabhojanam tannityaśrāddhavatkāryaṁ devaśrāddhaṁ taducyate

"Whatever meal is given to a twice-born, dedicated to the gods, the Vishvadevas, and the rest, should be performed just like the daily shraddha; it is called the shraddha to the gods."

Verse 29 (garuda.2.45.29)

मातृश्राद्धन्तु पूर्वेण कर्मादौ पैतृकं तथा । उत्तरेऽहनि वृद्धौ स्यान्मातामहगणस्य तु

mātṛśrāddhantu pūrveṇa karmādau paitṛkaṁ tathā uttare'hani vṛddhau syānmātāmahagaṇasya tu

"The mother's shraddha comes first, with the father's shraddha at the beginning of the rite; on the following day, in the increase-rite, should come the shraddha of the maternal ancestors."

Verse 30 (garuda.2.45.30)

श्राद्धत्रयं प्रकुर्र्वीत वैश्वदेवन्तुतान्त्रिकम्

śrāddhatrayaṁ prakurrvīta vaiśvadevantutāntrikam

"Three shraddhas should be performed, of which the Vaishvadeva is the technically prescribed one."

Verse 31 (garuda.2.45.31)

मातृभ्यः कल्पयेत्पूर्वं पितृभ्यस्तदनन्तरम् । मातामहेभ्यश्च तथा दद्यादित्थं क्रमेण तु

mātṛbhyaḥ kalpayetpūrvaṁ pitṛbhyastadanantaram mātāmahebhyaśca tathā dadyāditthaṁ krameṇa tu

"Arrangement should first be made for the mothers, then for the fathers, and likewise for the maternal grandfathers — it should be given in this order."

Verse 32 (garuda.2.45.32)

मातृश्राद्धे तु विप्राणामभावे सुकुलोद्गताः । पतिपुत्रान्विताः साध्व्यो योषितोऽष्टौ च भावयेत्

mātṛśrāddhe tu viprāṇāmabhāve sukulodgatāḥ patiputrānvitāḥ sādhvyo yoṣito'ṣṭau ca bhāvayet

"In the mother's shraddha, in the absence of brahmins, one should honor eight virtuous women of good family, accompanied by husband and sons."

Verse 33 (garuda.2.45.33)

इष्टापूर्तादिके श्राद्धं कुर्यादाभ्युदयं तथा । उत्पातादिनिमित्तेषु नित्य श्राद्धवदेव तु

iṣṭāpūrtādike śrāddhaṁ kuryādābhyudayaṁ tathā utpātādinimitteṣu nitya śrāddhavadeva tu

"The shraddha connected with pious and public works should be performed, and likewise the shraddha for prosperity; on occasions of portents and the like, it follows the same form as the daily shraddha."

Verse 34 (garuda.2.45.34)

नित्यं दैवञ्च वृद्धिञ्च काम्यं नैमित्तिकं तथा । श्राद्धान्युक्तप्रकारेण कुर्वन् सिद्धिमवाप्नुयात् । इति ते कथितं तार्क्ष्य किमन्यत्परिपृच्छसि

nityaṁ daivañca vṛddhiñca kāmyaṁ naimittikaṁ tathā śrāddhānyuktaprakāreṇa kurvan siddhimavāpnuyāt iti te kathitaṁ tārkṣya kimanyatparipṛcchasi

"The daily, the divine, the increase-rite, the desired, and the occasional — whoever performs the shraddhas as declared in these kinds attains success. Thus, Tarkshya, have I told you; what else do you ask?"