The Account of Right Conduct

Verse 1 (markandeya.34.1)

मदालसोवाच एवं पुत्र ! गृहस्थेन देवताः पितरस्तथा । संपूज्या हव्यकव्याभ्यामन्नेनातिथिबान्धवाः ॥ ३४.१ ॥

madālasovāca evaṃ putra ! gṛhasthena devatāḥ pitarastathā saṃpūjyā havyakavyābhyāmannenātithibāndhavāḥ

Madalasa said: Thus, O son, the householder should worship the gods and likewise the ancestors with havya and kavya offerings, and honor guests and kinsmen with food.

Verse 2 (markandeya.34.2)

भूतानि भृत्याः सकलाः पशुपक्षिपिपीलिकाः । भिक्षवो याचमानाश्च ये चान्ये वसता गृहे ॥ ३४.२ ॥

bhūtāni bhṛtyāḥ sakalāḥ paśupakṣipipīlikāḥ bhikṣavo yācamānāśca ye cānye vasatā gṛhe

All beings, all servants, animals, birds, ants, mendicants, beggars, and whoever else dwells in the house —

Verse 3 (markandeya.34.3)

सदाचारवता तात ! साधुना गृहमेधिना । पापं भुङ्क्ते समुल्लङ्घ्य नित्यनैमित्तिकीः क्रियाः ॥ ३४.३ ॥

sadācāravatā tāta ! sādhunā gṛhamedhinā pāpaṃ bhuṅkte samullaṅghya nityanaimittikīḥ kriyāḥ

O dear one, the virtuous householder possessed of good conduct sustains all these; one who transgresses the constant and occasional rites partakes of sin.

Verse 4 (markandeya.34.4)

अलर्क उवाच कथितं मे त्वया मातर्नित्य नैमित्तिकञ्च यत् । नित्यनैमित्तिकञ्चैव त्रिविधं कर्म पौरुषम् ॥ ३४.४ ॥

alarka uvāca kathitaṃ me tvayā mātarnitya naimittikañca yat nityanaimittikañcaiva trividhaṃ karma pauruṣam

Alarka said: You have told me, O mother, of the constant and the occasional, and of the threefold action of man — constant, occasional, and optional.

Verse 5 (markandeya.34.5)

सदाचारमहं श्रोतुमिच्छामि कुलनन्दिनि । यत् कुर्वन् सुखमाप्रोति परत्रेह च मानवः ॥ ३४.५ ॥

sadācāramahaṃ śrotumicchāmi kulanandini yat kurvan sukhamāproti paratreha ca mānavaḥ

O joy of the family, I now wish to hear of proper conduct, by observing which a man attains happiness both in this world and the next.

Verse 6 (markandeya.34.6)

मदालसोवाच गृहस्थेन सदा कार्यमाचारपरिपालनम् । न ह्याचारविहीनस्य सुखमत्र परत्र वा ॥ ३४.६ ॥

madālasovāca gṛhasthena sadā kāryamācāraparipālanam na hyācāravihīnasya sukhamatra paratra vā

Madalasa said: The householder must always maintain right conduct; for one devoid of proper conduct has no happiness, either here or hereafter.

Verse 7 (markandeya.34.7)

यज्ञदानतपांसीह पुरुषस्य च भूतये । भवन्ति यः सदाचारं समुल्लङ्घ्य प्रवर्तते ॥ ३४.७ ॥

yajñadānatapāṃsīha puruṣasya ca bhūtaye bhavanti yaḥ sadācāraṃ samullaṅghya pravartate

Sacrifice, charity, and austerity become the means to a man's prosperity in this world — but for one who acts having transgressed proper conduct, they are fruitless.

Verse 8 (markandeya.34.8)

दुराचारो हि पुरुषो नेहायुर्विन्दते महत् । कार्यो यत्नः सदाचारे आचारो हन्त्यलक्षणम् ॥ ३४.८ ॥

durācāro hi puruṣo nehāyurvindate mahat kāryo yatnaḥ sadācāre ācāro hantyalakṣaṇam

A man of bad conduct does not obtain long life in this world; effort must always be made toward right conduct, for conduct itself destroys even inauspicious signs.

Verse 9 (markandeya.34.9)

तस्य स्वरूपं वक्ष्यामि सदाचारस्य पुत्रक । तन्ममैकमनाः श्रुत्वा तथैव परिपालय ॥ ३४.९ ॥

tasya svarūpaṃ vakṣyāmi sadācārasya putraka tanmamaikamanāḥ śrutvā tathaiva paripālaya

O child, I shall now describe to you the very nature of that proper conduct; hear it from me with a single-pointed mind, and observe it accordingly.

Verse 10 (markandeya.34.10)

त्रिवर्गसाधने यत्नः कर्तव्यो गृहमेधिना । तत्संसिद्धो गृहस्थस्य सिद्धिरत्र परत्र च ॥ ३४.१० ॥

trivargasādhane yatnaḥ kartavyo gṛhamedhinā tatsaṃsiddho gṛhasthasya siddhiratra paratra ca

The householder should strive for the accomplishment of the three aims — dharma, artha, and kama; through their accomplishment, the householder attains success both here and hereafter.

Verse 11 (markandeya.34.11)

पादेनार्थस्य पारत्र्यं कुर्यात् सञ्चयमात्मवान् । अर्धेन चात्मभरणन्नित्यनैमित्तिकान्वितम् ॥ ३४.११ ॥

pādenārthasya pāratryaṃ kuryāt sañcayamātmavān ardhena cātmabharaṇannityanaimittikānvitam

The self-possessed man should, with a quarter of his wealth, accumulate provision for the next world; and with half, sustain himself along with his constant and occasional duties.

Verse 12 (markandeya.34.12)

पादञ्चात्मार्थमायस्य मूलभूतं विवर्धयेत् । एवमाचरतः पुत्र ! अर्थः साफल्यमर्हति ॥ ३४.१२ ॥

pādañcātmārthamāyasya mūlabhūtaṃ vivardhayet evamācarataḥ putra ! arthaḥ sāphalyamarhati

And he should invest a quarter of his income to increase his capital. O son, for one who acts thus, wealth attains true fruitfulness.

Verse 13 (markandeya.34.13)

तद्वत् पापनिषेधार्थं धर्मः कार्यो विपश्चिता । परत्रार्थं तथैवान्यः काम्योऽत्रैव फलप्रदः ॥ ३४.१३ ॥

tadvat pāpaniṣedhārthaṃ dharmaḥ kāryo vipaścitā paratrārthaṃ tathaivānyaḥ kāmyo 'traiva phalapradaḥ

Likewise, the wise man should perform dharma for the sake of preventing sin; another kind of dharma similarly for the sake of the next world; while the optional, desire-motivated kind bears its fruit right here.

Verse 14 (markandeya.34.14)

प्रत्यवायभयात् काम्यस्तथान्यश्चाविरोधवान् । द्विधा कामोऽपि गदितस्त्रिवर्गस्याविरोधतः ॥ ३४.१४ ॥

pratyavāyabhayāt kāmyastathānyaścāvirodhavān dvidhā kāmo 'pi gaditastrivargasyāvirodhataḥ

Dharma performed out of fear of transgression is one kind, and the other, unopposed kind is different; likewise, so as not to conflict with the threefold aim, desire too is declared to be twofold.

Verse 15 (markandeya.34.15)

परम्परानुबन्धांश्च धर्मादींस्तान् शृणुष्व मे ॥ ३४.१५ ॥

paramparānubandhāṃśca dharmādīṃstān śṛṇuṣva me

Hear from me those successive interconnections of dharma and the rest.

Verse 16 (markandeya.34.16)

धर्मो धर्मानुबन्धार्थो धर्मो नात्मार्थबाधकः । उभाभ्याञ्च द्विधा कामस्तेन तौ च द्विधा पुनः ॥ ३४.१६ ॥

dharmo dharmānubandhārtho dharmo nātmārthabādhakaḥ ubhābhyāñca dvidhā kāmastena tau ca dvidhā punaḥ

Dharma is practiced sometimes for the sake of further dharma, and sometimes so that it does not obstruct one's own purpose; through these two, desire likewise becomes twofold, and thus those two aims again become twofold each.

Verse 17 (markandeya.34.17)

बाह्मे मुहूर्ते बुध्येत धर्मार्थौ चापि चिन्तयेत् । समुत्थाय तथाचम्य प्राङ्मुखो नियतः शुचिः ॥ ३४.१७ ॥

bāhme muhūrte budhyeta dharmārthau cāpi cintayet samutthāya tathācamya prāṅmukho niyataḥ śuciḥ

One should wake in the Brahma-muhurta and reflect upon dharma and artha; having risen and sipped water, one should sit facing east, self-controlled and pure.

Verse 18 (markandeya.34.18)

पूर्वां सन्ध्यां सनक्षत्रां पश्चिमां सदिवाकराम् । उपासीत यथान्यायं नैनां जह्यादनापदि ॥ ३४.१८ ॥

pūrvāṃ sandhyāṃ sanakṣatrāṃ paścimāṃ sadivākarām upāsīta yathānyāyaṃ naināṃ jahyādanāpadi

One should duly observe the morning twilight while the stars are still out, and the evening twilight while the sun is still up; this should never be abandoned except in genuine distress.

Verse 19 (markandeya.34.19)

असत्प्रलापमनृतं वाक्पारुष्यञ्च वर्जयेत् । असच्छास्त्रमसद्वादमसत्सेवाञ्च पुत्रक ! ॥ ३४.१९ ॥

asatpralāpamanṛtaṃ vākpāruṣyañca varjayet asacchāstramasadvādamasatsevāñca putraka !

O child, one should avoid idle talk, falsehood, harsh speech, unworthy scriptures, unworthy argument, and the service of the unworthy.

Verse 20 (markandeya.34.20)

सायं प्रापतस्तथा होमं कुर्वोत नियतात्मवान् । नोदयास्तमने बिम्बमुदीक्षेत विवस्वतः ॥ ३४.२० ॥

sāyaṃ prāpatastathā homaṃ kurvota niyatātmavān nodayāstamane bimbamudīkṣeta vivasvataḥ

The self-controlled man should perform the fire-oblation as evening arrives, likewise in the morning; one should not gaze upon the sun's orb at its rising or setting.

Verse 21 (markandeya.34.21)

केशप्रसाधनादर्शदर्शनं दन्तधावनम् । पूर्वाह्न एव कार्याणि देवतानाञ्च तर्पणम् ॥ ३४.२१ ॥

keśaprasādhanādarśadarśanaṃ dantadhāvanam pūrvāhna eva kāryāṇi devatānāñca tarpaṇam

The dressing of the hair, looking into a mirror, and cleaning the teeth should be done in the forenoon, as should the offering of libations to the gods.

Verse 22 (markandeya.34.22)

ग्रामावसथतीर्थानां क्षेत्राणाञ्चैव वर्त्मनि । विण्मूत्रं नानुतिष्ठेत न कृष्टे न च गोव्रजे ॥ ३४.२२ ॥

grāmāvasathatīrthānāṃ kṣetrāṇāñcaiva vartmani viṇmūtraṃ nānutiṣṭheta na kṛṣṭe na ca govraje

One should not relieve oneself on the roads of a village, a dwelling, a sacred site, or fields, nor on ploughed land, nor in a cattle-pen.

Verse 23 (markandeya.34.23)

नग्नां परस्त्रियं नेक्षेन्न पश्येदात्मनः सकृत् । उदक्या दर्शनां स्पर्शो वर्ज्यं सम्भाषणन्तथा ॥ ३४.२३ ॥

nagnāṃ parastriyaṃ nekṣenna paśyedātmanaḥ sakṛt udakyā darśanāṃ sparśo varjyaṃ sambhāṣaṇantathā

One should not look upon another man's wife when naked, nor even glance at oneself without cause; the sight, touch, and conversation of a menstruating woman are to be avoided.

Verse 24 (markandeya.34.24)

नाप्सु मूत्रं पुरीषं वा मैथुनं वा समाचरेत् । नाधितिष्ठेच्छकृन्मूत्रकेशभस्मकपालिकाः ॥ ३४.२४ ॥

nāpsu mūtraṃ purīṣaṃ vā maithunaṃ vā samācaret nādhitiṣṭhecchakṛnmūtrakeśabhasmakapālikāḥ

One should not urinate, defecate, or engage in union in water; one should not stand upon excrement, urine, hair, ashes, or potsherds.

Verse 25 (markandeya.34.25)

तुषाङ्गारास्थिशीर्णानि रज्जुवस्त्रादिकानि च । नाधितिष्ठेत्तथा प्राज्ञः पथि चैवन्तथा भुवि ॥ ३४.२५ ॥

tuṣāṅgārāsthiśīrṇāni rajjuvastrādikāni ca nādhitiṣṭhettathā prājñaḥ pathi caivantathā bhuvi

Likewise, the wise man should not stand upon husks, coals, scattered bone-fragments, ropes, cloth, and the like — whether on a road or on any ground.

Verse 26 (markandeya.34.26)

पितृदेवमनुष्याणां भूतानाञ्च तथार्च्चनम् । कृत्वा विभवतः पश्चाद् गृहस्थो भोक्तुमर्हति ॥ ३४.२६ ॥

pitṛdevamanuṣyāṇāṃ bhūtānāñca tathārccanam kṛtvā vibhavataḥ paścād gṛhastho bhoktumarhati

Having worshipped the ancestors, the gods, other men, and all beings according to his means, the householder is then entitled to eat.

Verse 27 (markandeya.34.27)

प्राङ्मुखोदङ्मुखो वापि स्वाचान्तो वाग्यतः शुचिः । भुञ्जीतान्नञ्च तच्चित्तो ह्यन्तर्जानुः सदा नरः ॥ ३४.२७ ॥

prāṅmukhodaṅmukho vāpi svācānto vāgyataḥ śuciḥ bhuñjītānnañca taccitto hyantarjānuḥ sadā naraḥ

Facing east or north, having sipped water himself, silent and pure, a man should always eat his food with his mind fixed upon it, seated with his knees drawn in.

Verse 28 (markandeya.34.28)

उपगातादृते दोषं नान्यस्योदीरयेद् बुधः । प्रत्यक्षलवणं वर्ज्यमन्नमत्युष्णमेव च ॥ ३४.२८ ॥

upagātādṛte doṣaṃ nānyasyodīrayed budhaḥ pratyakṣalavaṇaṃ varjyamannamatyuṣṇameva ca

The wise man should point out another's fault to no one but a teacher; visibly salted food, and food that is excessively hot, are also to be avoided.

Verse 29 (markandeya.34.29)

न गच्छन्न च तिष्ठन् वै विण्मूत्रोत्सर्गमात्मवान् । कुर्वोत नैव चाचामन् यत् किञ्चिदपि भक्षयेत् ॥ ३४.२९ ॥

na gacchanna ca tiṣṭhan vai viṇmūtrotsargamātmavān kurvota naiva cācāman yat kiñcidapi bhakṣayet

The self-controlled man should not relieve himself while walking or standing; nor should he eat anything at all without first sipping water.

Verse 30 (markandeya.34.30)

उच्छिष्टो नालपेत् किञ्चित् स्वाध्यायञ्च विवर्जयेत् । गां ब्राह्मणं तथा चाग्निं स्वमूर्धानञ्च न स्पृशेत् ॥ ३४.३० ॥

ucchiṣṭo nālapet kiñcit svādhyāyañca vivarjayet gāṃ brāhmaṇaṃ tathā cāgniṃ svamūrdhānañca na spṛśet

While ritually impure from eating, one should not speak at all, nor recite the Veda; in that state one should not touch a cow, a brahmin, fire, or even one's own head.

Verse 31 (markandeya.34.31)

न च पश्येद्रविं नेन्दुं न नक्षत्राणि कामतः । भिन्नासनं तथा शय्यां भाजनञ्च विवर्जयेत् ॥ ३४.३१ ॥

na ca paśyedraviṃ nenduṃ na nakṣatrāṇi kāmataḥ bhinnāsanaṃ tathā śayyāṃ bhājanañca vivarjayet

In that state one should not deliberately look upon the sun, moon, or stars; a broken seat, bed, or vessel should likewise be avoided.

Verse 32 (markandeya.34.32)

गुरूणामासनं देयमभ्युत्थानादिसत्कृतम् । अनुकूलं तथालापमभिवादनपूर्वकम् ॥ ३४.३२ ॥

gurūṇāmāsanaṃ deyamabhyutthānādisatkṛtam anukūlaṃ tathālāpamabhivādanapūrvakam

A seat should be given to elders, who should be honored by rising and the like; one's speech to them should be agreeable, preceded by respectful salutation.

Verse 33 (markandeya.34.33)

तथानुगमनं कुर्यात् प्रतिकूलं न संजयेत् । नैकवस्त्रश्च भुञ्जीत न कुर्याद्देवतार्चनम् ॥ ३४.३३ ॥

tathānugamanaṃ kuryāt pratikūlaṃ na saṃjayet naikavastraśca bhuñjīta na kuryāddevatārcanam

One should likewise accompany them when they leave, and never contend against them; one should not eat, nor worship the gods, wearing only a single garment.

Verse 34 (markandeya.34.34)

न वाहयेद् द्विजान्नाग्नौ मेहं कुर्वोत् बुद्धिमान् । स्नायीत न नरो नग्नो न शयीत कदाचन ॥ ३४.३४ ॥

na vāhayed dvijānnāgnau mehaṃ kurvot buddhimān snāyīta na naro nagno na śayīta kadācana

A brahmin's food should not be carelessly consigned to the fire; the wise man should not urinate facing the fire; a man should never bathe naked, nor ever sleep naked.

Verse 35 (markandeya.34.35)

न पाणिभ्यामुभाभ्याञ्च कण्डूयेत शिरस्तथा । न चाभीक्ष्णं शिरः स्त्रानं कार्यं निष्कारणं नरैः ॥ ३४.३५ ॥

na pāṇibhyāmubhābhyāñca kaṇḍūyeta śirastathā na cābhīkṣṇaṃ śiraḥ strānaṃ kāryaṃ niṣkāraṇaṃ naraiḥ

One should not scratch the head with both hands at once; nor should men wash their head repeatedly without cause.

Verse 36 (markandeya.34.36)

शिरः स्त्रातश्च तैलेन नाङ्गं किञ्चिदपि स्पृशेत् । अनध्यायेषु सर्वेषु स्वाध्यायञ्च विवर्जयेत् ॥ ३४.३६ ॥

śiraḥ strātaśca tailena nāṅgaṃ kiñcidapi spṛśet anadhyāyeṣu sarveṣu svādhyāyañca vivarjayet

Having oiled and washed the head, one should not touch any other part of the body; and one should omit Vedic recitation on all the forbidden days.

Verse 37 (markandeya.34.37)

ब्राह्मणानिलगोसूर्यान् न मेहेत कदाचन । उदङ्मुखो दिवा रात्रावुत्सर्गं दक्षिणामुखः ॥ ३४.३७ ॥

brāhmaṇānilagosūryān na meheta kadācana udaṅmukho divā rātrāvutsargaṃ dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ

One should never urinate facing a brahmin, the wind, a cow, or the sun; by day one should face north, and by night face south, for excretion.

Verse 38 (markandeya.34.38)

आबाधाषु यथाकामं कुर्यान्मूत्रपुरीषयोः । दुष्कृतं न गुरोर्ब्रूयात् क्रुद्धं चैनं प्रसादयेत् ॥ ३४.३८ ॥

ābādhāṣu yathākāmaṃ kuryānmūtrapurīṣayoḥ duṣkṛtaṃ na gurorbrūyāt kruddhaṃ cainaṃ prasādayet

In cases of urgent distress, one may relieve oneself as circumstances require; one should not speak of a teacher's misdeed, and should appease him when he is angry.

Verse 39 (markandeya.34.39)

परिवादं न शृणुयादन्येषामपि कुर्वताम् । पन्था देयो ब्राह्मणानां राज्ञो दुः खातुरस्य च ॥ ३४.३९ ॥

parivādaṃ na śṛṇuyādanyeṣāmapi kurvatām panthā deyo brāhmaṇānāṃ rājño duḥ khāturasya ca

One should not even listen when others speak in slander; the right of way should be given to brahmins, to the king, and to one afflicted with suffering.

Verse 40 (markandeya.34.40)

विद्याधिकस्य गुर्विण्या भारार्तस्य यवीयसः । मूकान्धबधिराणाञ्च मत्तस्योन्मत्तकस्य च ॥ ३४.४० ॥

vidyādhikasya gurviṇyā bhārārtasya yavīyasaḥ mūkāndhabadhirāṇāñca mattasyonmattakasya ca

To one superior in learning, a pregnant woman, one burdened with a load, one younger, the mute, blind, and deaf, and one intoxicated or mad —

Verse 41 (markandeya.34.41)

पुंश्चल्याः कृतवैरस्य बालस्य पतितस्य च । देवालकं चैत्यतरुं तथैव च चतुष्पथम् ॥ ३४.४१ ॥

puṃścalyāḥ kṛtavairasya bālasya patitasya ca devālakaṃ caityataruṃ tathaiva ca catuṣpatham

to a prostitute, to one with whom enmity has arisen, to a child, and to an outcast man — way should likewise be given; and one should give a wide berth to a shrine, a sacred tree, and a crossroads.

Verse 42 (markandeya.34.42)

विद्याधिकं गुरुं देवं बुधः कुर्यात् प्रदक्षिणम् । उपानद्वस्त्रमाल्यादि धृतमन्यैर्न धारयेत् ॥ ३४.४२ ॥

vidyādhikaṃ guruṃ devaṃ budhaḥ kuryāt pradakṣiṇam upānadvastramālyādi dhṛtamanyairna dhārayet

The wise man should circumambulate, keeping to the right, one superior in learning, a teacher, or a deity; one should not wear sandals, clothing, or garlands already worn by another.

Verse 43 (markandeya.34.43)

उपवीतमलङ्कारं करकञ्चैव वर्जयेत् । चतुर्दश्यान्तथाष्टम्यां पञ्चदश्याञ्च पर्वसु ॥ ३४.४३ ॥

upavītamalaṅkāraṃ karakañcaiva varjayet caturdaśyāntathāṣṭamyāṃ pañcadaśyāñca parvasu

One should likewise avoid another's sacred thread, ornaments, and water-vessel; on the parva days — the fourteenth, the eighth, and the fifteenth —

Verse 44 (markandeya.34.44)

तैलाभ्यङ्गं तथा भोगं योषितश्च विवर्जयेत् । न क्षिप्तपादजङ्घश्च प्राज्ञस्तिष्ठेत् कदाचन ॥ ३४.४४ ॥

tailābhyaṅgaṃ tathā bhogaṃ yoṣitaśca vivarjayet na kṣiptapādajaṅghaśca prājñastiṣṭhet kadācana

one should avoid oil-massage, sensual indulgence, and union with women; and the wise man should never stand with his legs and feet flung about carelessly.

Verse 45 (markandeya.34.45)

न चापि विक्षिपेत् पादौ पादं पादेन नाक्रमेत् । मर्माभिघातमाक्रोशं पैशुन्यञ्च विवर्जयेत् ॥ ३४.४५ ॥

na cāpi vikṣipet pādau pādaṃ pādena nākramet marmābhighātamākrośaṃ paiśunyañca vivarjayet

Nor should he fling his feet about, nor step upon one foot with the other; he should avoid striking another's vital points, abuse, and slander.

Verse 46 (markandeya.34.46)

दम्भाभिमानतीक्ष्णानि न कुर्वोत विचक्षणः । मूर्खोन्मत्तव्यसनिनो विरूपान्मायिनस्तथा ॥ ३४.४६ ॥

dambhābhimānatīkṣṇāni na kurvota vicakṣaṇaḥ mūrkhonmattavyasanino virūpānmāyinastathā

The discerning man should not act with hypocrisy, arrogance, or harshness; nor should he mock the foolish, the intoxicated, those given to vice, the deformed, or deceivers.

Verse 47 (markandeya.34.47)

न्यूनाङ्गांश्चाधिकाङ्गांश्च नोपहासैर्विदूषयेत् । परस्य दण्डं नोद्यच्छेच्छिक्षार्थं पुत्रशिष्ययोः ॥ ३४.४७ ॥

nyūnāṅgāṃścādhikāṅgāṃśca nopahāsairvidūṣayet parasya daṇḍaṃ nodyacchecchikṣārthaṃ putraśiṣyayoḥ

One should not deride with mockery those deficient or excessive in limb; a rod should not be raised against anyone else — only, for correction's sake, against one's own son or pupil.

Verse 48 (markandeya.34.48)

तद्वन्नोपविशेत् प्राज्ञः पादेनाक्रम्य चासनम् । संयावं कृषरं मांसं नात्मार्थमुपसाधयेत् ॥ ३४.४८ ॥

tadvannopaviśet prājñaḥ pādenākramya cāsanam saṃyāvaṃ kṛṣaraṃ māṃsaṃ nātmārthamupasādhayet

Likewise, the wise man should not sit upon a seat by treading on it with his foot; he should not have rich cakes, sesame-rice, or meat prepared solely for his own enjoyment.

Verse 49 (markandeya.34.49)

सायं प्रातश्च भोक्तव्यं कृत्वा चातिथिपूजनम् । प्राङ्मुखोदङ्मुको वापि वाग्यतो दन्तधावनम् ॥ ३४.४९ ॥

sāyaṃ prātaśca bhoktavyaṃ kṛtvā cātithipūjanam prāṅmukhodaṅmuko vāpi vāgyato dantadhāvanam

One should eat in the evening and morning after honoring one's guests; facing east or north, in silence, one should clean the teeth.

Verse 50 (markandeya.34.50)

कुर्वोत सततं वत्स ! वर्जयेद्वर्ज्यवीरुधः । नोदक्शिराः स्वपेज्जातु न चप्रत्यक्शिरा नरः ॥ ३४.५० ॥

kurvota satataṃ vatsa ! varjayedvarjyavīrudhaḥ nodakśirāḥ svapejjātu na capratyakśirā naraḥ

This should always be done, O child, avoiding forbidden plants for the tooth-twig; a man should never sleep with his head to the north, nor with his head to the west.

Verse 51 (markandeya.34.51)

शिरस्यगस्त्यमास्थाय शयीताथ पुरन्दरम् । न तु गन्धवतीष्वप्सु स्नायीत न तथा निशि ॥ ३४.५१ ॥

śirasyagastyamāsthāya śayītātha purandaram na tu gandhavatīṣvapsu snāyīta na tathā niśi

One should sleep with the head toward Agastya, or else toward Purandara's quarter; one should not bathe in perfumed water, nor bathe at night.

Verse 52 (markandeya.34.52)

उपरागे परं स्नानमृते दिनमुदाहृतम् । अपमृज्यान्न चास्नातो गात्राण्यम्बरपाणिभिः ॥ ३४.५२ ॥

uparāge paraṃ snānamṛte dinamudāhṛtam apamṛjyānna cāsnāto gātrāṇyambarapāṇibhiḥ

Except during an eclipse, bathing is declared to belong to the daytime; one who has not bathed should not wipe the limbs with cloth or with the hands as a substitute.

Verse 53 (markandeya.34.53)

न चापि धूनयेत् केशान् वाससी न च धूनयेत् । नानुलेपनमादद्यादस्नातः कर्हिचिद् बुधः ॥ ३४.५३ ॥

na cāpi dhūnayet keśān vāsasī na ca dhūnayet nānulepanamādadyādasnātaḥ karhicid budhaḥ

One should not shake out the hair, nor shake out one's garments; the wise man should never apply unguent without first bathing.

Verse 54 (markandeya.34.54)

न चापि रक्तवासाः स्याच्चित्रासितधरोऽपि वा । न च कुर्याद्विपर्यासं वाससोर्नापि भूषणे ॥ ३४.५४ ॥

na cāpi raktavāsāḥ syāccitrāsitadharo 'pi vā na ca kuryādviparyāsaṃ vāsasornāpi bhūṣaṇe

Nor should one wear red clothing, nor variegated or black garments; nor should garments or ornaments be worn reversed.

Verse 55 (markandeya.34.55)

वर्ज्यञ्च विदशं वस्त्रमत्यन्तोपहतञ्च यत् । केशकीटावपन्नञ्च क्षुण्णं श्वभिरवेक्षितम् ॥ ३४.५५ ॥

varjyañca vidaśaṃ vastramatyantopahatañca yat keśakīṭāvapannañca kṣuṇṇaṃ śvabhiravekṣitam

A torn or excessively damaged garment is to be avoided, as is anything into which hair or insects have fallen, that has been trampled, or that dogs have looked upon.

Verse 56 (markandeya.34.56)

अवलीढावपन्नञ्च सारोद्धरणदूषितम् । पृष्ठमांसं वृथामांसं वर्ज्यमांसञ्च पुत्रक ! ॥ ३४.५६ ॥

avalīḍhāvapannañca sāroddharaṇadūṣitam pṛṣṭhamāṃsaṃ vṛthāmāṃsaṃ varjyamāṃsañca putraka !

What has been licked, what has fallen, what has been spoiled by removing its essence, meat from the back, meat killed needlessly, and, O child, meat that is generally forbidden — all these should be avoided.

Verse 57 (markandeya.34.57)

न भक्षयीत सततं प्रत्यक्षलवणानि च । वर्ज्यं चिरोषितं पुत्र ! भक्तं पर्युषितञ्च यत् ॥ ३४.५७ ॥

na bhakṣayīta satataṃ pratyakṣalavaṇāni ca varjyaṃ ciroṣitaṃ putra ! bhaktaṃ paryuṣitañca yat

Visibly salted food should not be habitually eaten; long-kept food and stale food, O son, are also to be avoided.

Verse 58 (markandeya.34.58)

पिष्टशाकेक्षुपयसां विकारान्नृपनन्दन! । तथा मांसविकारांश्च ते च वर्ज्याश्चिरोषिताः ॥ ३४.५८ ॥

piṣṭaśākekṣupayasāṃ vikārānnṛpanandana! tathā māṃsavikārāṃśca te ca varjyāściroṣitāḥ

O prince, preparations of flour, vegetables, sugarcane, and milk, and likewise preparations of meat, when kept for a long time, are to be avoided.

Verse 59 (markandeya.34.59)

उदयास्तमने भानोः शयनञ्च विवर्जयेत् । नास्नातो नैव संविष्टो न चैवान्यमना नरः ॥ ३४.५९ ॥

udayāstamane bhānoḥ śayanañca vivarjayet nāsnāto naiva saṃviṣṭo na caivānyamanā naraḥ

One should give up sleeping at sunrise and sunset; nor should one eat while unbathed, while lying down, or with the mind elsewhere.

Verse 60 (markandeya.34.60)

न चैव शयने नोर्व्यामुपविष्टो न शब्दवत् । न चैकवस्त्रो न वदन् प्रेक्षतामप्रदाय च ॥ ३४.६० ॥

na caiva śayane norvyāmupaviṣṭo na śabdavat na caikavastro na vadan prekṣatāmapradāya ca

Nor should one eat while seated on a bed, nor on bare ground, nor amid noise; nor wearing a single garment, nor while speaking, nor before onlookers without sharing with them.

Verse 61 (markandeya.34.61)

भुञ्जीत पुरुषः स्नातः सायं प्रातर्यथाविधि । परदारा न गन्तव्याः पुरुषेण विपश्चिता ॥ ३४.६१ ॥

bhuñjīta puruṣaḥ snātaḥ sāyaṃ prātaryathāvidhi paradārā na gantavyāḥ puruṣeṇa vipaścitā

Having bathed, a man should eat morning and evening according to rule; a wise man should never approach another's wife.

Verse 62 (markandeya.34.62)

इष्टापूर्तायुषां हन्त्री परदारगतिर्नृणाम् । न हीदृशमनायुष्यं लोके किञ्चन विद्यते ॥ ३४.६२ ॥

iṣṭāpūrtāyuṣāṃ hantrī paradāragatirnṛṇām na hīdṛśamanāyuṣyaṃ loke kiñcana vidyate

Going to another's wife destroys men's merit from sacrifice and charitable works, and destroys their very lifespan; nothing else in this world is so destructive of life.

Verse 63 (markandeya.34.63)

यादृशं पुरुषस्येह परदाराभिमर्षणम् । देवार्चनाग्निकार्याण तथा गुर्वभिवादनम् ॥ ३४.६३ ॥

yādṛśaṃ puruṣasyeha paradārābhimarṣaṇam devārcanāgnikāryāṇa tathā gurvabhivādanam

Such indeed is a man's contact with another's wife in this world. Now, the worship of the gods, the fire-rituals, and the salutation of one's teacher —

Verse 64 (markandeya.34.64)

कुर्वोत सम्यगाचम्य तद्वदन्नभुजिक्रियाम् । अफेनाभिरगन्धाभिरद्भरच्छाभिरादरात् ॥ ३४.६४ ॥

kurvota samyagācamya tadvadannabhujikriyām aphenābhiragandhābhiradbharacchābhirādarāt

these should be performed after properly sipping water, and so too the act of eating — with water that is unfoamy, unscented, and clear, done with respect.

Verse 65 (markandeya.34.65)

आचामेत् पुत्र ! पुण्याभिः प्राङ्मुखोदङ्मुखोऽपि वा । अन्तर्जलादावसथाद्वल्मीकान्मूषिकस्थलात् ॥ ३४.६५ ॥

ācāmet putra ! puṇyābhiḥ prāṅmukhodaṅmukho 'pi vā antarjalādāvasathādvalmīkānmūṣikasthalāt

O son, one should sip pure water facing east or north; water from stagnant pools, from a ruined dwelling, from an anthill, or from a rat's burrow is to be avoided.

Verse 66 (markandeya.34.66)

कृतशौचावशिष्टाश्च वर्जयेत् पञ्च वै मृदः । प्रक्षाल्य हस्तौ पादौ च समभ्युक्ष्य समाहितः ॥ ३४.६६ ॥

kṛtaśaucāvaśiṣṭāśca varjayet pañca vai mṛdaḥ prakṣālya hastau pādau ca samabhyukṣya samāhitaḥ

One should avoid the five kinds of earth left over from another's purification; having washed the hands and feet, and sprinkled oneself with water, with a composed mind —

Verse 67 (markandeya.34.67)

अन्तर्जानुस्तथाऽचामेत् त्रिश्चतुर्वा पिबेदपः । परिमृज्य द्विरास्यान्तं खानि मूर्धानमेव च ॥ ३४.६७ ॥

antarjānustathā'cāmet triścaturvā pibedapaḥ parimṛjya dvirāsyāntaṃ khāni mūrdhānameva ca

one should sip water with knees drawn in, drinking it three or four times; having wiped around the mouth twice, one should also touch the sense-organs and the head.

Verse 68 (markandeya.34.68)

सम्यगाचम्य तोयेन क्रियां कुर्वोत वै शुचिः । देवतानामृषीणाञ्च पितॄणाञ्चैव यत्नतः ॥ ३४.६८ ॥

samyagācamya toyena kriyāṃ kurvota vai śuciḥ devatānāmṛṣīṇāñca pitṝṇāñcaiva yatnataḥ

Having properly sipped water and become pure, one should diligently perform the rites of the gods, the sages, and the ancestors.

Verse 69 (markandeya.34.69)

समाहितमना भूत्वा कुर्वोत सततं नरः । क्षुत्त्वा निष्ठीव्य वासश्च परिधायाचमेद् बुधः ॥ ३४.६९ ॥

samāhitamanā bhūtvā kurvota satataṃ naraḥ kṣuttvā niṣṭhīvya vāsaśca paridhāyācamed budhaḥ

A man should always do this with a composed mind; the wise man should sip water again after sneezing, spitting, or putting on a garment.

Verse 70 (markandeya.34.70)

क्षुतेऽवलीढे वान्ते च तथा निष्ठीवनादिषु । कुर्यादाचमनं स्पर्शं गोपृष्ठस्यार्कदर्शनम् ॥ ३४.७० ॥

kṣute 'valīḍhe vānte ca tathā niṣṭhīvanādiṣu kuryādācamanaṃ sparśaṃ gopṛṣṭhasyārkadarśanam

After sneezing, after being licked, after vomiting, and after spitting and the like, one should sip water, touch a cow's back, or look upon the sun.

Verse 71 (markandeya.34.71)

कुर्वोतालम्बनं चापि दक्षिणश्रवणस्य वै । यथाविभवतो ह्येतत् पूर्वाभावे ततः परम् ॥ ३४.७१ ॥

kurvotālambanaṃ cāpi dakṣiṇaśravaṇasya vai yathāvibhavato hyetat pūrvābhāve tataḥ param

According to one's means, one may also touch the right ear; only in the absence of the option mentioned earlier should the next one be adopted.

Verse 72 (markandeya.34.72)

अविद्यमाने पूर्वोक्ते उत्तरप्राप्तिरिष्यते । न कुर्याद् दन्तसङ्घर्षं नात्मनो देहताडनम् ॥ ३४.७२ ॥

avidyamāne pūrvokte uttaraprāptiriṣyate na kuryād dantasaṅgharṣaṃ nātmano dehatāḍanam

Only when what was mentioned before is unavailable is recourse to the next desired. One should not grind one's teeth, nor strike one's own body.

Verse 73 (markandeya.34.73)

स्वप्नाध्ययनभोज्यानि सन्ध्ययोश्च विवर्जयेत् । सन्ध्यायां मैथुनञ्चापि तथा प्रस्थानमेव च ॥ ३४.७३ ॥

svapnādhyayanabhojyāni sandhyayośca vivarjayet sandhyāyāṃ maithunañcāpi tathā prasthānameva ca

One should avoid sleep, Vedic recitation, and eating during the two twilights; sexual union and setting out on a journey during twilight are likewise to be avoided.

Verse 74 (markandeya.34.74)

पूर्वाह्ने तात ! देवानां मनुष्याणाञ्च मध्यमे । भक्त्या तथापराह्ने च कुर्वोत पितृपूजनम् ॥ ३४.७४ ॥

pūrvāhne tāta ! devānāṃ manuṣyāṇāñca madhyame bhaktyā tathāparāhne ca kurvota pitṛpūjanam

O dear one, in the forenoon one should worship the gods, at midday honor men, and in the afternoon devotedly perform the worship of the ancestors.

Verse 75 (markandeya.34.75)

शिरः स्नातश्च कुर्वोत दैवं पैत्र्यमथापि वा । प्राङ्मुखोदङ्मुखो वापि श्मश्रुकर्म च कारयेत् ॥ ३४.७५ ॥

śiraḥ snātaśca kurvota daivaṃ paitryamathāpi vā prāṅmukhodaṅmukho vāpi śmaśrukarma ca kārayet

Having washed the head, one should perform the divine or ancestral rite, facing east or north; and the shaving of hair should be attended to at that time as well.

Verse 76 (markandeya.34.76)

व्यङ्गिनीं वर्जयेत् कन्यां कुलजामपि रोगिणीम् । विकृतां पिङ्गलाञ्चैव वाचाटां सर्वदूषिताम् ॥ ३४.७६ ॥

vyaṅginīṃ varjayet kanyāṃ kulajāmapi rogiṇīm vikṛtāṃ piṅgalāñcaiva vācāṭāṃ sarvadūṣitām

One should avoid marrying a girl who, even if of good family, is deformed, diseased, disfigured, tawny-eyed, talkative, or blemished in every way.

Verse 77 (markandeya.34.77)

अव्यङ्गीं सौम्यनासाञ्च स्रवलक्षणलक्षिताम् । तादृशीमुद्वहेत् कन्यां श्रेयः कामो नरः सदा ॥ ३४.७७ ॥

avyaṅgīṃ saumyanāsāñca sravalakṣaṇalakṣitām tādṛśīmudvahet kanyāṃ śreyaḥ kāmo naraḥ sadā

A man who always desires his own welfare should marry a girl who is free of blemish, of graceful nose, and marked with auspicious signs.

Verse 78 (markandeya.34.78)

उद्वहेत् पितृमात्रोश्च सप्तमीं पञ्चमीन्तथा । रक्षेद्दारान् त्यजेदीर्ष्यां दिवा च स्वप्नमैथुने ॥ ३४.७८ ॥

udvahet pitṛmātrośca saptamīṃ pañcamīntathā rakṣeddārān tyajedīrṣyāṃ divā ca svapnamaithune

One should marry a girl beyond the seventh degree on the father's side and the fifth on the mother's; one should protect one's wife, give up jealousy, and forgo union by day and in fantasy.

Verse 79 (markandeya.34.79)

परोपतापकं कर्म जन्तुपीडाञ्च वर्जयेत् । उदक्या सर्ववर्णानां वर्ज्या रात्रिचतुष्टयम् ॥ ३४.७९ ॥

paropatāpakaṃ karma jantupīḍāñca varjayet udakyā sarvavarṇānāṃ varjyā rātricatuṣṭayam

One should avoid actions that cause others pain and any harm to living creatures; for women of every class, the four nights of menstruation are to be treated as forbidden.

Verse 80 (markandeya.34.80)

स्त्रीजन्मपरिहारार्थं पञ्चमीमपि वर्जयेत् । ततः षष्ठ्यां व्रजेद्रात्र्यां श्रेष्ठा युगमासु पुत्रक ॥ ३४.८० ॥

strījanmaparihārārthaṃ pañcamīmapi varjayet tataḥ ṣaṣṭhyāṃ vrajedrātryāṃ śreṣṭhā yugamāsu putraka

To avoid the birth of a daughter, the fifth night too should be avoided; one should then approach one's wife on the sixth night; O child, the even nights are held to be best.

Verse 81 (markandeya.34.81)

युग्मासु पुत्रा जायन्ते स्त्रियोऽयुग्मासु रात्रिषु । तस्माद्युग्मासु पुत्रार्थो संविशेत सदा नरः ॥ ३४.८१ ॥

yugmāsu putrā jāyante striyo 'yugmāsu rātriṣu tasmādyugmāsu putrārtho saṃviśeta sadā naraḥ

Sons are born on even nights, daughters on odd nights; therefore a man who desires a son should always approach his wife on even nights.

Verse 82 (markandeya.34.82)

विधर्मिणोऽह्नि पूर्वाख्ये सन्ध्याकाले च षण्डकाः । क्षुरकर्मणि वान्ते च स्त्रीसम्भोगे च पुत्रक ॥ ३४.८२ ॥

vidharmiṇo 'hni pūrvākhye sandhyākāle ca ṣaṇḍakāḥ kṣurakarmaṇi vānte ca strīsambhoge ca putraka

O child, union by day and at twilight is contrary to dharma, as is union with a barren woman; union with a woman at the time of a haircut and after vomiting is likewise to be avoided.

Verse 83 (markandeya.34.83)

स्नायीत चेलवान् प्राज्ञः कटभूमिमुपेत्य च । देववेदद्विजातीनां साधुसत्यमहात्मनाम् ॥ ३४.८३ ॥

snāyīta celavān prājñaḥ kaṭabhūmimupetya ca devavedadvijātīnāṃ sādhusatyamahātmanām

The wise man should bathe clothed, having gone to a matted/covered spot; one should not speak ill of the gods, the Veda, the twice-born, the virtuous, the truthful, or the great-souled —

Verse 84 (markandeya.34.84)

गुरोः पतिव्रतानाञ्च तया यज्वितपस्विनाम् । परिवादं न कुर्वोत परिहासञ्च पुत्रक ॥ ३४.८४ ॥

guroḥ pativratānāñca tayā yajvitapasvinām parivādaṃ na kurvota parihāsañca putraka

one should not disparage one's teacher, chaste wives, sacrificers, or ascetics, nor, O child, should one mock them.

Verse 85 (markandeya.34.85)

कुर्वतामविनीतानां न श्रोतव्यं कथञ्चन । नोत्कृष्टशय्यासनयोर्नापकृष्टस्य चारुहेत् ॥ ३४.८५ ॥

kurvatāmavinītānāṃ na śrotavyaṃ kathañcana notkṛṣṭaśayyāsanayornāpakṛṣṭasya cāruhet

One should never listen at all to ill-mannered people who do such things; one should not sit upon an excessively high seat or bed, nor upon a degraded one.

Verse 86 (markandeya.34.86)

न चामङ्गल्यवेशः स्यान्न चामङ्गल्यवाग्भवेत् । धवलाम्भरसंवीतः सितपुष्पविभूषितः ॥ ३४.८६ ॥

na cāmaṅgalyaveśaḥ syānna cāmaṅgalyavāgbhavet dhavalāmbharasaṃvītaḥ sitapuṣpavibhūṣitaḥ

One should not have an inauspicious appearance, nor speak inauspicious words; one should be clothed in white garments and adorned with white flowers.

Verse 87 (markandeya.34.87)

नोद्धूतोन्मत्तमूढैश्च नाविनीतैश्च पण्डितः । गच्छेन्मैत्रीं न चाशीलैर्न च चौर्यादिदूषितैः ॥ ३४.८७ ॥

noddhūtonmattamūḍhaiśca nāvinītaiśca paṇḍitaḥ gacchenmaitrīṃ na cāśīlairna ca cauryādidūṣitaiḥ

The learned man should not form friendship with the reckless, the intoxicated, the foolish, or the ill-mannered, nor with those of bad character, nor with those tainted by theft and the like.

Verse 88 (markandeya.34.88)

न चातिव्ययशीलैश्च न लुब्धैर्नापि वैरिभिः । न बन्धकीभिर्न न्यूनैर्बन्धकीपतिभिस्तथा ॥ ३४.८८ ॥

na cātivyayaśīlaiśca na lubdhairnāpi vairibhiḥ na bandhakībhirna nyūnairbandhakīpatibhistathā

Nor with those excessively extravagant, nor the greedy, nor enemies; nor with prostitutes, the base, and those who keep prostitutes.

Verse 89 (markandeya.34.89)

सार्धं न बलिभिः कुर्यान्न च न्यूनैर्न निन्दितैः । न सर्वशङ्किभिर्नित्यं न च दैवपरैर्नरैः ॥ ३४.८९ ॥

sārdhaṃ na balibhiḥ kuryānna ca nyūnairna ninditaiḥ na sarvaśaṅkibhirnityaṃ na ca daivaparairnaraiḥ

Nor should friendship be made with the overbearing, nor with the lowly or disgraced; nor with those who are perpetually suspicious of everyone, nor with men who rely wholly on fate.

Verse 90 (markandeya.34.90)

कुर्वोत साधुभिर्मैत्रीं सदाचारावलम्बिभिः । प्राज्ञैरपिशुनैः शक्तैः कर्मण्युद्योगभागिभिः ॥ ३४.९० ॥

kurvota sādhubhirmaitrīṃ sadācārāvalambibhiḥ prājñairapiśunaiḥ śaktaiḥ karmaṇyudyogabhāgibhiḥ

Friendship should be made with the virtuous, those who uphold good conduct, the wise, those free of malice, the capable, and those devoted to diligent effort.

Verse 91 (markandeya.34.91)

सुहृद्दीक्षितभूपालस्नातकश्वशुरैः सह । ऋत्विगादीन् षडर्घार्हानर्चयेच्च गृहागतान् ॥ ३४.९१ ॥

suhṛddīkṣitabhūpālasnātakaśvaśuraiḥ saha ṛtvigādīn ṣaḍarghārhānarcayecca gṛhāgatān

Together with friends, the initiated, kings, snataka graduates, and fathers-in-law, one should honor the officiating priest and the rest — six who deserve the arghya-offering when they arrive at one's house.

Verse 92 (markandeya.34.92)

यथाविभवतः पुत्र ! द्विजान् संवत्सरोषितान् । अर्चयेन्मधुपर्केण यथाकालमतन्द्रितः ॥ ३४.९२ ॥

yathāvibhavataḥ putra ! dvijān saṃvatsaroṣitān arcayenmadhuparkeṇa yathākālamatandritaḥ

O son, according to one's means and without laziness, one should honor with the madhuparka a brahmin guest — this once each year, at the proper time.

Verse 93 (markandeya.34.93)

तिष्ठेच्च शासने तेषां श्रेयस्कामो द्विजोत्तमः । न च तान् विवदेद्वीमानाक्रुष्टश्चापि तैः सदा ॥ ३४.९३ ॥

tiṣṭhecca śāsane teṣāṃ śreyaskāmo dvijottamaḥ na ca tān vivadedvīmānākruṣṭaścāpi taiḥ sadā

The excellent brahmin who desires his own welfare should abide by their guidance; he should not dispute with them, remaining always composed even when rebuked by them.

Verse 94 (markandeya.34.94)

सम्यग्गृहार्चनं कृत्वा यथास्थानमनुक्रमात् । संपूजयेत्ततो वह्निं दद्याच्चैवाहुतीः क्रमात् ॥ ३४.९४ ॥

samyaggṛhārcanaṃ kṛtvā yathāsthānamanukramāt saṃpūjayettato vahniṃ dadyāccaivāhutīḥ kramāt

Having duly worshipped the household deities, each in their proper place and order, one should then honor the fire and offer oblations in sequence.

Verse 95 (markandeya.34.95)

प्रथमां ब्रह्मणे दद्यात् प्रजानांपतये ततः । तृतीयाञ्चैव गुह्येभ्यः कश्यपाय तथापराम् ॥ ३४.९५ ॥

prathamāṃ brahmaṇe dadyāt prajānāṃpataye tataḥ tṛtīyāñcaiva guhyebhyaḥ kaśyapāya tathāparām

The first oblation should be given to Brahma, then to Prajapati; the third to the hidden deities, and another likewise to Kashyapa.

Verse 96 (markandeya.34.96)

ततोऽनुमतये दत्त्वा दद्याद् गृहबलिन्ततः । पूर्वाख्यातं मया यत्ते नित्यकर्मक्रियाविधौ ॥ ३४.९६ ॥

tato 'numataye dattvā dadyād gṛhabalintataḥ pūrvākhyātaṃ mayā yatte nityakarmakriyāvidhau

Then, having offered to Anumati, one should give the household offering; this I have already described to you earlier, in the procedure of the daily rites.

Verse 97 (markandeya.34.97)

वैश्वदेवन्ततः कुर्याद्धलयस्तत्र मे शृणु । यथास्थानविभागन्तु देवानुद्दिश्य वै पृथके ॥ ३४.९७ ॥

vaiśvadevantataḥ kuryāddhalayastatra me śṛṇu yathāsthānavibhāgantu devānuddiśya vai pṛthake

After this, one should perform the Vaishvadeva; now hear its procedure from me — dedicating each deity in turn, their portions should be placed separately, each in its proper location.

Verse 98 (markandeya.34.98)

पर्जन्याय धरित्रीणां दद्याच्च माणके त्रयम् । वायवे च प्रतिदिशं दिग्भ्यः प्राच्यादितः क्रमात् ॥ ३४.९८ ॥

parjanyāya dharitrīṇāṃ dadyācca māṇake trayam vāyave ca pratidiśaṃ digbhyaḥ prācyāditaḥ kramāt

One should give Parjanya and the guardians of the earth three portions in the vessel, and likewise Vayu and the guardians of each quarter, in order beginning from the east.

Verse 99 (markandeya.34.99)

ब्रह्मणे चान्तरीक्षाय सूर्याय च यथाक्रमम । विश्वेभ्यश्चैव देवेभ्यो विश्वबूतभ्य एव च ॥ ३४.९९ ॥

brahmaṇe cāntarīkṣāya sūryāya ca yathākramama viśvebhyaścaiva devebhyo viśvabūtabhya eva ca

To Brahma, to the atmosphere, and to the Sun, in due order — and likewise to the Vishvedevas and to all beings.

Verse 100 (markandeya.34.100)

उषसे भूतपतये दद्याच्चोत्तरतस्ततः । स्वधा नम इतीत्युक्त्वा पितृभ्यश्चापि दक्षिणे ॥ ३४.१०० ॥

uṣase bhūtapataye dadyāccottaratastataḥ svadhā nama itītyuktvā pitṛbhyaścāpi dakṣiṇe

Then, on the north side, one should give an offering to Ushas and to Bhutapati; and, saying 'svadha, namah,' offer to the ancestors on the south side as well.

Verse 101 (markandeya.34.101)

कृत्वापसव्यं वायव्यां यक्ष्मैतत्तेति भाजनात् । अन्नावशेषमिच्छन् वै तोयं दद्याद्यथाविधि ॥ ३४.१०१ ॥

kṛtvāpasavyaṃ vāyavyāṃ yakṣmaitatteti bhājanāt annāvaśeṣamicchan vai toyaṃ dadyādyathāvidhi

In the northwest, in the apasavya manner, saying 'this is for Yakshma,' one should offer from the vessel; then, wishing for what remains of the food, one should duly offer water.

Verse 102 (markandeya.34.102)

ततोऽन्नाग्रं समुद्धृत्य हन्तकारोपकल्पनम् । यथाविधि यथान्यायं ब्राह्मणायोपपादयेत् ॥ ३४.१०२ ॥

tato 'nnāgraṃ samuddhṛtya hantakāropakalpanam yathāvidhi yathānyāyaṃ brāhmaṇāyopapādayet

Then, having set aside the choicest portion of the food and prepared it duly and properly, one should present it to a brahmin.

Verse 103 (markandeya.34.103)

कुर्यात् कर्माणि तीर्थेन स्वेन स्वेन यथाविधि । देवादीनान्तथा कुर्याद् ब्राह्मेणाचमनक्रियाम् ॥ ३४.१०३ ॥

kuryāt karmāṇi tīrthena svena svena yathāvidhi devādīnāntathā kuryād brāhmeṇācamanakriyām

Each rite should be duly performed using its own appropriate tirtha, the corresponding part of the hand; likewise, for the gods and the rest, the sipping-rite should be performed using the brahma-tirtha.

Verse 104 (markandeya.34.104)

अङ्गुष्ठोत्तरतो रेखा पाणेर्या दक्षिणस्य तु । एतद् ब्राह्ममिति ख्यातं तीर्थमाचमनाय वै ॥ ३४.१०४ ॥

aṅguṣṭhottarato rekhā pāṇeryā dakṣiṇasya tu etad brāhmamiti khyātaṃ tīrthamācamanāya vai

The line above the base of the thumb on the right hand — this is known as the 'brahma' tirtha, used for the sipping-rite.

Verse 105 (markandeya.34.105)

तर्जन्यङ्गुष्ठयोरन्तः पैत्र्यं तीर्थमुदाहृतम् । पितॄणां तेन तोयादि दद्यान्नान्दीमुखादृते ॥ ३४.१०५ ॥

tarjanyaṅguṣṭhayorantaḥ paitryaṃ tīrthamudāhṛtam pitṝṇāṃ tena toyādi dadyānnāndīmukhādṛte

The space between the forefinger and the thumb is called the 'pitri' tirtha; by this, water and the like should be offered to the ancestors, excepting the Nandimukha ancestors.

Verse 106 (markandeya.34.106)

अङ्गुल्यग्रे तथा दैवं तेन दिव्यक्रियाविधिः । तीर्थ कनिष्ठिकामूले कायं तेन प्रजापतेः ॥ ३४.१०६ ॥

aṅgulyagre tathā daivaṃ tena divyakriyāvidhiḥ tīrtha kaniṣṭhikāmūle kāyaṃ tena prajāpateḥ

Likewise, the tirtha at the fingertips is called the 'deva' tirtha, by which divine rites are performed; the tirtha at the base of the little finger belongs to Prajapati, used for bodily rites.

Verse 107 (markandeya.34.107)

एवमेभिः सदा तीर्थैर्देवानां पितृभिः सह । सदा कार्याणि कुर्वोत नान्यतीर्थेन कर्हिचित् ॥ ३४.१०७ ॥

evamebhiḥ sadā tīrthairdevānāṃ pitṛbhiḥ saha sadā kāryāṇi kurvota nānyatīrthena karhicit

Thus, with these very tirthas, the rites for both the gods and the ancestors should always be performed — never with any other tirtha.

Verse 108 (markandeya.34.108)

ब्राह्मेणाचमनं शस्तं पित्र्यं पैत्र्येण सर्वदा । देवतीर्थेन देवानां प्राजापत्यं निजेन च ॥ ३४.१०८ ॥

brāhmeṇācamanaṃ śastaṃ pitryaṃ paitryeṇa sarvadā devatīrthena devānāṃ prājāpatyaṃ nijena ca

The brahma-tirtha is prescribed for sipping in general; the pitri-tirtha always for ancestral rites; the deva-tirtha for the rites of the gods; and its own tirtha for the Prajapatya rite.

Verse 109 (markandeya.34.109)

नान्दीमुखानां कुर्वोत प्राज्ञः पिण्डोदकक्रियाम् । प्राजापत्येन तीर्थेन यच्च किञ्चित् प्रजापतेः ॥ ३४.१०९ ॥

nāndīmukhānāṃ kurvota prājñaḥ piṇḍodakakriyām prājāpatyena tīrthena yacca kiñcit prajāpateḥ

The wise man should perform the rice-ball and water offerings for the Nandimukha ancestors with the Prajapatya tirtha, and likewise whatever else belongs to Prajapati.

Verse 110 (markandeya.34.110)

युगपज्जलमग्निञ्च बिभृयान्न विचक्षणः । गुरुदेवान् प्रति तथा न च पादौ प्रसारयेत् ॥ ३४.११० ॥

yugapajjalamagniñca bibhṛyānna vicakṣaṇaḥ gurudevān prati tathā na ca pādau prasārayet

The discerning man should not hold water and fire at the same time; nor should he stretch out his feet toward his teachers or the gods.

Verse 111 (markandeya.34.111)

नाचक्षीत धयन्तीं गां जलं नाञ्जलिना पिबेत् । शौचकालेषु सर्वेषु गुरुष्वल्पेषु वा पुनः ॥ ३४.१११ ॥

nācakṣīta dhayantīṃ gāṃ jalaṃ nāñjalinā pibet śaucakāleṣu sarveṣu guruṣvalpeṣu vā punaḥ

One should not gesture at a cow while she is suckling her calf, nor drink water from cupped hands; and one should be attentive at every occasion of purification, whether the impurity be great or small.

Verse 112 (markandeya.34.112)

न विलम्बेत शौचार्थं न मुखेनानलं धमेत् । तत्र पुत्र ! न वस्तव्यं यत्र नास्ति चतुष्टयम् ॥ ३४.११२ ॥

na vilambeta śaucārthaṃ na mukhenānalaṃ dhamet tatra putra ! na vastavyaṃ yatra nāsti catuṣṭayam

One should not delay in matters of purification, nor blow upon fire with the mouth; and, O son, one should not dwell where these four things are absent —

Verse 113 (markandeya.34.113)

ऋणप्रदाता वैद्यश्च श्रोत्रियः सजला नदी । जितामित्रो नृपो यत्र बलवान् धर्मतत्परः ॥ ३४.११३ ॥

ṛṇapradātā vaidyaśca śrotriyaḥ sajalā nadī jitāmitro nṛpo yatra balavān dharmatatparaḥ

a moneylender, a physician, a learned brahmin, a river full of water, and a king who has conquered his enemies, is powerful, and devoted to dharma.

Verse 114 (markandeya.34.114)

तत्र नित्यं वसेत् प्राज्ञः कुतः कुनृपतौ सुखम् । यत्राप्रधृष्यो नृपतिर्यत्र शस्यवती मही ॥ ३४.११४ ॥

tatra nityaṃ vaset prājñaḥ kutaḥ kunṛpatau sukham yatrāpradhṛṣyo nṛpatiryatra śasyavatī mahī

The wise man should always dwell where these are found — for what happiness is there under a bad king? — where the king is unassailable and the land is rich with crops,

Verse 115 (markandeya.34.115)

पौराः सुसंयता यत्र सततं न्यायवर्तिनः । यत्रामत्सरिणो लोकास्तत्र वासः सुखोदयः ॥ ३४.११५ ॥

paurāḥ susaṃyatā yatra satataṃ nyāyavartinaḥ yatrāmatsariṇo lokāstatra vāsaḥ sukhodayaḥ

where the citizens are well-disciplined and always walk in the path of justice, where the people are free of envy — dwelling there brings the rise of happiness.

Verse 116 (markandeya.34.116)

यस्मिन् कृषीबला राष्ट्रे प्रायशो नातिभोगिनः । यत्रौषधन्यशेषाणि वसेत्तत्र विचक्षणः ॥ ३४.११६ ॥

yasmin kṛṣībalā rāṣṭre prāyaśo nātibhoginaḥ yatrauṣadhanyaśeṣāṇi vasettatra vicakṣaṇaḥ

The discerning man should dwell in a realm where the farmers are for the most part not excessively given to indulgence, and where medicinal herbs and grain are abundant.

Verse 117 (markandeya.34.117)

तत्र पुत्र न ! वस्तव्यं यत्रैतत् त्रितयं सदा । जिगीषुः पूर्ववैरश्च जनश्च सततोत्सवः ॥ ३४.११७ ॥

tatra putra na ! vastavyaṃ yatraitat tritayaṃ sadā jigīṣuḥ pūrvavairaśca janaśca satatotsavaḥ

O son, one should not dwell where these three things are always present: a ruler bent on conquest, longstanding enmity, and a populace given perpetually to revelry.

Verse 118 (markandeya.34.118)

वसेन्नित्यं सुशीलेषु सहवासिषु पण्डितः । इत्येतत् कथितं पुत्र ! मया ते हितकाम्यया ॥ ३४.११८ ॥

vasennityaṃ suśīleṣu sahavāsiṣu paṇḍitaḥ ityetat kathitaṃ putra ! mayā te hitakāmyayā

The learned man should always dwell among good-natured neighbors. Thus, O son, this has been told to you by me, out of a wish for your welfare.