Teaching of All Dharmas

Verse 1 (padma.5.9.1)

श्रीराम उवाच। कीदृशोऽश्वस्तत्र भाव्यः को विधिस्तत्र पूजने । कथं वा शक्यते कर्तुं के जेयास्तत्र वैरिणः

śrīrāma uvāca kīdṛśo'śvastatra bhāvyaḥ ko vidhistatra pūjane kathaṁ vā śakyate kartuṁ ke jeyāstatra vairiṇaḥ

Shri Rama said: "What kind of horse should there be? What is the procedure for its worship? How can this be accomplished, and who are the enemies to be conquered in it?"

Verse 2 (padma.5.9.2)

अगस्त्य उवाच। गंगाजलसमानेन वर्णेन वपुषा शुभः । कर्णे श्यामो मुखे रक्तः पीतः पुच्छे सुलक्षितः

agastya uvāca gaṁgājalasamānena varṇena vapuṣā śubhaḥ karṇe śyāmo mukhe raktaḥ pītaḥ pucche sulakṣitaḥ

Agastya said: "Auspicious, its color like the water of the Ganga; dark at the ears, red at the mouth, yellow at the tail, and well-marked with good signs —"

Verse 3 (padma.5.9.3)

मनोवेगः सर्वगतिरुच्चैःश्रवस्समप्रभः । वाजिमेधे हयः प्रोक्तः शुभलक्षणलक्षितः

manovegaḥ sarvagatiruccaiḥśravassamaprabhaḥ vājimedhe hayaḥ proktaḥ śubhalakṣaṇalakṣitaḥ

"swift as thought, all-conquering in its gait, radiant as Ucchaihshravas — such is the horse prescribed for the horse-sacrifice, marked with auspicious signs."

Verse 4 (padma.5.9.4)

वैशाखपूर्णमास्यां तु पूजयित्वा यथाविधि । पत्रं लिखित्वा भाले तु स्वनामबलचिह्नितम्

vaiśākhapūrṇamāsyāṁ tu pūjayitvā yathāvidhi patraṁ likhitvā bhāle tu svanāmabalacihnitam

"On the full-moon day of Vaishakha, having worshipped it duly, write upon its forehead a document marked with your own name and might;"

Verse 5 (padma.5.9.5)

मोचनीयः प्रयत्नेन रक्षकैः परिरक्षितः । यत्र गच्छति यज्ञाश्वस्तत्र गच्छेत्सुरक्षकः

mocanīyaḥ prayatnena rakṣakaiḥ parirakṣitaḥ yatra gacchati yajñāśvastatra gacchetsurakṣakaḥ

"it must be released with care, guarded by protectors; wherever the sacrificial horse goes, there the guardian must follow."

Verse 6 (padma.5.9.6)

यस्तंबलान्निबध्नाति स्ववीर्यबलदर्पितः । तस्मात्प्रसभमानेयः परिरक्षाकरैर्हयः

yastaṁbalānnibadhnāti svavīryabaladarpitaḥ tasmātprasabhamāneyaḥ parirakṣākarairhayaḥ

"Whoever, proud of his own valor and strength, ties up the horse — from him it must be forcibly recovered by the guardians."

Verse 7 (padma.5.9.7)

कर्त्रा तावत्सुविधिना स्थातव्यं नियमादिह । मृगशृंगधरो भूत्वा ब्रह्मचर्यसमन्वितः

kartrā tāvatsuvidhinā sthātavyaṁ niyamādiha mṛgaśṛṁgadharo bhūtvā brahmacaryasamanvitaḥ

"The one performing the rite must, throughout, observe due discipline, bearing a deer's horn, and remaining in celibacy."

Verse 8 (padma.5.9.8)

व्रतं पालयमानस्य यावद्वर्षमतिक्रमेत् । तावद्दीनांधकृपणाः परितोष्या धनादिभिः

vrataṁ pālayamānasya yāvadvarṣamatikramet tāvaddīnāṁdhakṛpaṇāḥ paritoṣyā dhanādibhiḥ

"As long as the vow-year passes while keeping the vow, the poor, the blind, and the destitute must be satisfied with wealth and the like."

Verse 9 (padma.5.9.9)

अन्नं तु बहुशो देयं धनं वा भूरि मारिष । यद्यत्प्रार्थयते धीमांस्तत्तदेव ददाति हि

annaṁ tu bahuśo deyaṁ dhanaṁ vā bhūri māriṣa yadyatprārthayate dhīmāṁstattadeva dadāti hi

"Food should be given abundantly, or great wealth, O honored one; whatever a wise petitioner asks for, that alone should be given him."

Verse 10 (padma.5.9.10)

एवं प्रकुर्वतः कर्म यज्ञः संपूर्णतां गतः । करोति सर्वपापानां नाशनं रिपुनाशन

evaṁ prakurvataḥ karma yajñaḥ saṁpūrṇatāṁ gataḥ karoti sarvapāpānāṁ nāśanaṁ ripunāśana

"To one performing the rite in this way, when the sacrifice reaches its completion, it destroys all sins, O destroyer of foes."

Verse 11 (padma.5.9.11)

तस्माद्भवान्समर्थोऽस्ति करणे पालनेऽर्चने । कृत्वा कीर्तिं सुविमलां पावयान्याञ्जनान्नृप

tasmādbhavānsamartho'sti karaṇe pālane'rcane kṛtvā kīrtiṁ suvimalāṁ pāvayānyāñjanānnṛpa

"Therefore, O king, you are capable of performing, maintaining, and worshipping it; having won spotless fame, purify other people too."

Verse 12 (padma.5.9.12)

श्रीराम उवाच। विलोकय द्विजश्रेष्ठ वाजिशालां ममाधुना । तादृशाः संति नो वाश्वाः शुभलक्षणलक्षिताः

śrīrāma uvāca vilokaya dvijaśreṣṭha vājiśālāṁ mamādhunā tādṛśāḥ saṁti no vāśvāḥ śubhalakṣaṇalakṣitāḥ

Shri Rama said: "O best of the twice-born, look now upon my stable — are there such horses among mine, marked with auspicious signs?"

Verse 13 (padma.5.9.13)

इति श्रुत्वा तु तद्वाक्यमगस्त्यः करुणाकरः । उत्तस्थौ वीक्षमाणोऽयं यागार्हान्वाजिनः शुभान्

iti śrutvā tu tadvākyamagastyaḥ karuṇākaraḥ uttasthau vīkṣamāṇo'yaṁ yāgārhānvājinaḥ śubhān

Hearing these words, Agastya, mine of compassion, rose to inspect the auspicious horses fit for the sacrifice.

Verse 14 (padma.5.9.14)

गत्वाथ तत्र शालायां रामचंद्रसमन्वितः । ददर्शाश्वान्विचित्रांगान्मनोवेगान्महाबलान्

gatvātha tatra śālāyāṁ rāmacaṁdrasamanvitaḥ dadarśāśvānvicitrāṁgānmanovegānmahābalān

Going there to the stable, together with Ramachandra, he beheld horses of wondrous form, swift as thought, and mighty in strength —

Verse 15 (padma.5.9.15)

अवनितलगताः किं वाजिराजस्य वंश्याः किमथ रघुपतीनामेकतः कीर्तिपिंडाः । किमिदममृतराशिर्वाहरूपेण सिंधोर्मुनिरिति मनसोंतर्विस्मयं प्राप पश्यन्

avanitalagatāḥ kiṁ vājirājasya vaṁśyāḥ kimatha raghupatīnāmekataḥ kīrtipiṁḍāḥ kimidamamṛtarāśirvāharūpeṇa siṁdhormuniriti manasoṁtarvismayaṁ prāpa paśyan

"Are these the very descendants of the king of horses come down to earth, or are they, all together, condensed masses of the glory of the Raghu lords? Or is this a heap of the ocean's own nectar in horse-form?" — thinking thus as he watched them, the sage was filled with inner wonder.

Verse 16 (padma.5.9.16)

एकतः शोणदेहानां वाजिनां पंक्तिरुत्तमा । एकतः श्यामकर्णाश्च कस्तूरीकांतिसप्रभाः

ekataḥ śoṇadehānāṁ vājināṁ paṁktiruttamā ekataḥ śyāmakarṇāśca kastūrīkāṁtisaprabhāḥ

On one side stood an excellent row of red-bodied horses; on another, dark-eared ones, radiant with the sheen of musk.

Verse 17 (padma.5.9.17)

एकतः कनकाभाश्च त्वन्यतो नीलवर्णिनः । एकतः शबलैर्वर्णैर्विशिष्टैर्वाजिभिर्वृताः

ekataḥ kanakābhāśca tvanyato nīlavarṇinaḥ ekataḥ śabalairvarṇairviśiṣṭairvājibhirvṛtāḥ

On one side, golden-hued ones; on another, blue-colored ones; on one side, surrounded by horses of many distinguished, mottled colors.

Verse 18 (padma.5.9.18)

एवं पश्यन्मुनिः सर्वान्कौतुकाविष्टमानसः । ययावन्यत्र तान्द्रष्टुं यागयोग्यान्हयान्मुनिः

evaṁ paśyanmuniḥ sarvānkautukāviṣṭamānasaḥ yayāvanyatra tāndraṣṭuṁ yāgayogyānhayānmuniḥ

Thus beholding them all, the sage, his mind filled with wonder, went elsewhere to see other horses fit for the sacrifice.

Verse 19 (padma.5.9.19)

ददर्श तत्र शतशो बद्धांस्तादृशवर्णकान् । दृष्ट्वा विस्मयमापेदे स मुनिर्हर्षितांगकः

dadarśa tatra śataśo baddhāṁstādṛśavarṇakān dṛṣṭvā vismayamāpede sa munirharṣitāṁgakaḥ

There he saw hundreds more of such colors, tethered; seeing them, the sage, his body thrilling with joy, was filled with astonishment.

Verse 20 (padma.5.9.20)

एकतः श्यामकर्णांश्च सर्वांगैः क्षीरसन्निभान् । पीतपुच्छान्मुखे रक्ताञ्छुभलक्षणलक्षितान्

ekataḥ śyāmakarṇāṁśca sarvāṁgaiḥ kṣīrasannibhān pītapucchānmukhe raktāñchubhalakṣaṇalakṣitān

On one side, dark-eared horses, milk-white in every limb, yellow-tailed, red-mouthed, marked with auspicious signs —

Verse 21 (padma.5.9.21)

निरीक्ष्य परितोऽनघान्विमलनीरधारानिभान्मनोजवनशोभितान्विमलकीर्तिपुंजप्रभान् । पयोनिधिविशोषको मुनिरुवाचसीतापतिं विचित्रहयदर्शनाद्धृषितनेत्रवक्त्रप्रभः

nirīkṣya parito'naghānvimalanīradhārānibhānmanojavanaśobhitānvimalakīrtipuṁjaprabhān payonidhiviśoṣako muniruvācasītāpatiṁ vicitrahayadarśanāddhṛṣitanetravaktraprabhaḥ

beholding on every side these sinless horses, like streams of pure water, adorned with mind-swift grace, radiant with a mass of spotless glory — the sage who once dried up the ocean, his eyes and face bright with joy at the sight of such wondrous horses, spoke to Sita's lord —

Verse 22 (padma.5.9.22)

अगस्त्य उवाच। हयमेधक्रतौ योग्यान्वाहांस्ते बहुशः शुभान् । पश्यतो नेत्रयोर्मेऽद्य तृप्तिर्नास्ति रघूत्तम

agastya uvāca hayamedhakratau yogyānvāhāṁste bahuśaḥ śubhān paśyato netrayorme'dya tṛptirnāsti raghūttama

Agastya said: "O best of the Raghus, seeing today so many horses fit for the horse-sacrifice, so auspicious, my eyes find no satiety!"

Verse 23 (padma.5.9.23)

रामचंद्र महाभाग सुरासुरनमस्कृत । यज्ञं कुरु महाराज हयमेधं सुविस्तरम्

rāmacaṁdra mahābhāga surāsuranamaskṛta yajñaṁ kuru mahārāja hayamedhaṁ suvistaram

"O greatly fortunate Ramachandra, worshipped by gods and demons! Perform now, great king, this vast horse-sacrifice."

Verse 24 (padma.5.9.24)

सुरपतिरिव सर्वान्यज्ञसंघान्करिष्यंस्तपन इव सुपर्वारातितोयं विशोष्यन् । हतरिपुगणमुख्यं सांपरायं विजित्य क्षितितलसुखभोगं कुर्विदं भूरिभाग

surapatiriva sarvānyajñasaṁghānkariṣyaṁstapana iva suparvārātitoyaṁ viśoṣyan hataripugaṇamukhyaṁ sāṁparāyaṁ vijitya kṣititalasukhabhogaṁ kurvidaṁ bhūribhāga

"Like the king of gods performing all the assemblies of sacrifice, like the sun drying up the waters of the gods' foes — having slain the chiefs of the enemy host and conquered the trial of the world beyond, bring about, O greatly blessed one, the enjoyment of happiness upon this earth."

Verse 25 (padma.5.9.25)

इत्येवं वाक्यवादेन परितुष्टाखिलेंद्रियः । सर्वान्वै यज्ञसंभारानाजहार मनोहरान्

ityevaṁ vākyavādena parituṣṭākhileṁdriyaḥ sarvānvai yajñasaṁbhārānājahāra manoharān

With such words, his every faculty fully satisfied, he gathered together all the lovely materials for the sacrifice.

Verse 26 (padma.5.9.26)

मुन्यन्वितो महाराजः सरयूतीरमागतः । सुवर्णलांगलैर्भूमिं विचकर्ष महीयसीम्

munyanvito mahārājaḥ sarayūtīramāgataḥ suvarṇalāṁgalairbhūmiṁ vicakarṣa mahīyasīm

The great king, accompanied by the sage, came to the bank of the Sarayu, and with golden plows furrowed the vast earth.

Verse 27 (padma.5.9.27)

विलिख्य भूमिं बहुशश्चतुर्योजनसंमिताम् । मंडपान्रचयामास यज्ञार्थं स नरोत्तमः

vilikhya bhūmiṁ bahuśaścaturyojanasaṁmitām maṁḍapānracayāmāsa yajñārthaṁ sa narottamaḥ

Having marked out the ground, extending over four yojanas in many places, that best of men built pavilions for the sacrifice.

Verse 28 (padma.5.9.28)

कुंडं तु विधिवत्कृत्वा योनिमेखलयान्वितम् । अनेकरत्नरचितं सर्वशोभासमन्वितम्

kuṁḍaṁ tu vidhivatkṛtvā yonimekhalayānvitam anekaratnaracitaṁ sarvaśobhāsamanvitam

Having had the sacrificial pit made duly, fitted with a yoni-shaped rim, wrought with many gems, and adorned with every splendor —

Verse 29 (padma.5.9.29)

मुनीश्वरो महाभागो वसिष्ठः सुमहातपाः । सर्वं तत्कारयामास वेदशास्त्रविधिश्रितम्

munīśvaro mahābhāgo vasiṣṭhaḥ sumahātapāḥ sarvaṁ tatkārayāmāsa vedaśāstravidhiśritam

Vasishtha, lord of sages, greatly fortunate, of immense austerity, had it all carried out in accordance with Vedic and scriptural rule.

Verse 30 (padma.5.9.30)

प्रेषितास्तेन मुनिना शिष्या मुनिवराश्रमान् । कथयामासुरुद्युक्तं हयमेधे रघूत्तमम्

preṣitāstena muninā śiṣyā munivarāśramān kathayāmāsurudyuktaṁ hayamedhe raghūttamam

That sage sent his disciples to the hermitages of the finest sages, to tell them that the best of the Raghus was engaged in the horse-sacrifice.

Verse 31 (padma.5.9.31)

आकारितास्तदा सर्वे ऋषयस्तपतां वराः । आजग्मुः परमेशस्य दर्शने त्वतिलालसाः

ākāritāstadā sarve ṛṣayastapatāṁ varāḥ ājagmuḥ parameśasya darśane tvatilālasāḥ

Then all the summoned sages, finest among ascetics, came, most eager to see the Supreme Lord.

Verse 32 (padma.5.9.32)

नारदोसितनामा च पर्वतः कपिलो मुनिः । जातूकर्ण्योंऽगिरा व्यास आर्ष्टिषेणोऽत्रिरासुरिः

nāradositanāmā ca parvataḥ kapilo muniḥ jātūkarṇyoṁ'girā vyāsa ārṣṭiṣeṇo'trirāsuriḥ

Narada, and one named Asita, Parvata, the sage Kapila, Jatukarnya, Angiras, Vyasa, Arshtishena, Atri, Asuri,

Verse 33 (padma.5.9.33)

हारीतो याज्ञवल्क्यश्च संवर्तः शुकसंज्ञितः । इत्येवमादयो राम हयमेधवरं ययुः

hārīto yājñavalkyaśca saṁvartaḥ śukasaṁjñitaḥ ityevamādayo rāma hayamedhavaraṁ yayuḥ

Harita, Yajnavalkya, Samvarta, and one called Shuka — these and many others, O Rama, went to that excellent horse-sacrifice.

Verse 34 (padma.5.9.34)

तान्सर्वान्पूजयामास रघुराजो महामनाः । प्रत्युत्थानाभिवादाभ्यामर्घ्यविष्टरकादिभिः

tānsarvānpūjayāmāsa raghurājo mahāmanāḥ pratyutthānābhivādābhyāmarghyaviṣṭarakādibhiḥ

The king of the Raghus, great-souled, honored them all, rising and bowing to greet them, offering welcome-water and seats.

Verse 35 (padma.5.9.35)

गां हिरण्यं ददौ तेभ्यः प्रायशो दृष्टविक्रमः । महद्भाग्यं त्वद्यमेऽस्ति यद्यूयं दर्शनं गताः

gāṁ hiraṇyaṁ dadau tebhyaḥ prāyaśo dṛṣṭavikramaḥ mahadbhāgyaṁ tvadyame'sti yadyūyaṁ darśanaṁ gatāḥ

He of proven valor gave them cows and gold, each as fitting: "Great is my fortune today, that you have all come to see me."

Verse 36 (padma.5.9.36)

शेष उवाच। एवं समाकुले ब्रह्मन्नृषिवर्य समागमे । धर्मवार्ता बभूवाहो वर्णाश्रमसुसंमता

śeṣa uvāca evaṁ samākule brahmannṛṣivarya samāgame dharmavārtā babhūvāho varṇāśramasusaṁmatā

Shesha said: Thus, O brahmin, in that gathering of the finest sages, there arose, ah, a discourse on the dharma proper to caste and life-stage.

Verse 37 (padma.5.9.37)

वात्स्यायन उवाच। का धर्मवार्ता तत्रासीत्किं वा कथितमद्भुतम् । साधवः सर्वलोकानां कारुण्यात्किमुताब्रुवन्

vātsyāyana uvāca kā dharmavārtā tatrāsītkiṁ vā kathitamadbhutam sādhavaḥ sarvalokānāṁ kāruṇyātkimutābruvan

Vatsyayana said: "What was that discourse on dharma there? What wondrous things were said? What did the good, out of compassion for all the worlds, speak?"

Verse 38 (padma.5.9.38)

शेष उवाच। तान्समेतान्मुनीन्दृष्ट्वा रामो दाशरथिर्महान् । पप्रच्छ सर्वधर्मांश्च सर्ववर्णाश्रमोचितान्

śeṣa uvāca tānsametānmunīndṛṣṭvā rāmo dāśarathirmahān papraccha sarvadharmāṁśca sarvavarṇāśramocitān

Shesha said: Seeing those sages assembled, great Rama, son of Dasharatha, asked about the dharmas proper to every caste and life-stage.

Verse 39 (padma.5.9.39)

ते तु पृष्टा हि रामेण धर्मान्प्रोचुर्महागुणान् । तान्प्रवक्ष्यामि ते सर्वान्यथाविधि शृणुष्व तान्

te tu pṛṣṭā hi rāmeṇa dharmānprocurmahāguṇān tānpravakṣyāmi te sarvānyathāvidhi śṛṇuṣva tān

Being asked by Rama, they told him those dharmas of great virtue; I shall tell you all of these in due order — listen.

Verse 40 (padma.5.9.40)

ऋषय ऊचुः। ब्राह्मणेन सदा कार्यं यजनाध्ययनादिकम् । वेदान्पठित्वा विरजो नैव गार्हस्थ्यमाविशेत्

ṛṣaya ūcuḥ brāhmaṇena sadā kāryaṁ yajanādhyayanādikam vedānpaṭhitvā virajo naiva gārhasthyamāviśet

The sages said: "A brahmin should always perform sacrifice, study, and the like; having studied the Vedas and become free from passion, he should still never fail to enter the householder stage."

Verse 41 (padma.5.9.41)

ब्राह्मणेन सदा त्याज्यं नीचसेवानुजीवनम् । आपद्गतोऽपि जीवेत न श्ववृत्त्या कदाचन

brāhmaṇena sadā tyājyaṁ nīcasevānujīvanam āpadgato'pi jīveta na śvavṛttyā kadācana

"A brahmin should always avoid living by service to the lowly; even in adversity he should never sustain himself by a dog's base livelihood."

Verse 42 (padma.5.9.42)

ऋतुकालाभिगमनं धर्मोऽयं गृहिणः परः । स्त्रीणां वरमनुस्मृत्याऽपत्यकामोथवा भवेत्

ṛtukālābhigamanaṁ dharmo'yaṁ gṛhiṇaḥ paraḥ strīṇāṁ varamanusmṛtyā'patyakāmothavā bhavet

"Approaching one's wife in her fertile season is the highest duty of a householder; remembering the best conduct toward women, he should desire offspring."

Verse 43 (padma.5.9.43)

दिवाभिगमनं पुंसामनायुष्यकरं मतम् । श्राद्धाहः सर्वपर्वाणि यतस्त्याज्यानि धीमता

divābhigamanaṁ puṁsāmanāyuṣyakaraṁ matam śrāddhāhaḥ sarvaparvāṇi yatastyājyāni dhīmatā

"Approach by day is held to shorten a man's life; therefore the wise should avoid the day of shraddha and all festival days."

Verse 44 (padma.5.9.44)

तत्र गच्छेत्स्त्रियं मोहाद्धर्मात्प्रच्यवते परात् । ऋतुकालाभिगामी यः स्वदारनिरतश्च यः

tatra gacchetstriyaṁ mohāddharmātpracyavate parāt ṛtukālābhigāmī yaḥ svadāranirataśca yaḥ

"One who out of infatuation approaches his wife at such times falls away from the higher dharma; but he who approaches only in the fertile season and remains devoted solely to his own wife,"

Verse 45 (padma.5.9.45)

सर्वदा ब्रह्मचारी ह विज्ञेयः स गृहाश्रमी । ऋतुः षोडशयामिन्यश्चतस्रस्ता सुगर्हिताः

sarvadā brahmacārī ha vijñeyaḥ sa gṛhāśramī ṛtuḥ ṣoḍaśayāminyaścatasrastā sugarhitāḥ

"should be known as ever celibate, though a householder. The fertile period lasts sixteen nights; of these, four are held most reprehensible —"

Verse 46 (padma.5.9.46)

पुत्रदास्तासु या युग्मा अयुग्माः कन्यकाप्रदाः । त्यक्त्वा चंद्रमसं दुष्टं मघां मूलं विहाय च

putradāstāsu yā yugmā ayugmāḥ kanyakāpradāḥ tyaktvā caṁdramasaṁ duṣṭaṁ maghāṁ mūlaṁ vihāya ca

"among these, the even nights give sons, the odd give daughters; avoiding inauspicious lunar nights and the Magha and Mula constellations —"

Verse 47 (padma.5.9.47)

शुचिः सन्निर्विशेत्पत्नीं पुंनामर्क्षे विशेषतः । शुचिं पुत्रं प्रसूयेत पुरुषार्थप्रसाधनम्

śuciḥ sannirviśetpatnīṁ puṁnāmarkṣe viśeṣataḥ śuciṁ putraṁ prasūyeta puruṣārthaprasādhanam

"pure, one should approach one's wife, especially under a male-named asterism, so as to beget a pure son fit to accomplish the aims of life."

Verse 48 (padma.5.9.48)

आर्षे विवाहे गोद्वंद्वं यदुक्तं तत्प्रशस्यते । शुल्कमण्वपि कन्यायाः कन्याक्रेतुस्तु पापकृत्

ārṣe vivāhe godvaṁdvaṁ yaduktaṁ tatpraśasyate śulkamaṇvapi kanyāyāḥ kanyākretustu pāpakṛt

"In the sage-type of marriage, giving a pair of cows, as prescribed, is praised; but taking even the smallest bride-price makes one a seller of one's daughter, a doer of sin."

Verse 49 (padma.5.9.49)

वाणिज्यं नृपतेः सेवा वेदानध्ययनं तथा । कुविवाहः क्रियालोपः कुलपातनहेतवः

vāṇijyaṁ nṛpateḥ sevā vedānadhyayanaṁ tathā kuvivāhaḥ kriyālopaḥ kulapātanahetavaḥ

"Trade, service to a king, mere rote study of the Vedas, improper marriage, and neglect of one's proper rites — these are the causes of a family's downfall."

Verse 50 (padma.5.9.50)

अन्नोदक पयो मूलफलैर्वापि गृहाश्रमी । गोदानेन तु यत्पुण्यं पात्राय विधिपूर्वकम्

annodaka payo mūlaphalairvāpi gṛhāśramī godānena tu yatpuṇyaṁ pātrāya vidhipūrvakam

"A householder should live on food, water, milk, or roots and fruits when needed; the merit that comes from the gift of a cow, given duly to a worthy recipient —"

Verse 51 (padma.5.9.51)

अनर्चितोऽतिथिर्गेहाद्भग्नाशो यस्य गच्छति । आजन्मसंचितात्पुण्यात्क्षणात्स हि बहिर्भवेत्

anarcito'tithirgehādbhagnāśo yasya gacchati ājanmasaṁcitātpuṇyātkṣaṇātsa hi bahirbhavet

"if an unhonored guest leaves a house with hopes dashed, then all the merit accumulated since birth departs that house in an instant."

Verse 52 (padma.5.9.52)

पितृदेवमनुष्येभ्यो दत्त्वाश्नीतामृतं गृही । स्वार्थं पचत्यघं भुंक्ते केवलं स्वोदरंभरिः

pitṛdevamanuṣyebhyo dattvāśnītāmṛtaṁ gṛhī svārthaṁ pacatyaghaṁ bhuṁkte kevalaṁ svodaraṁbhariḥ

"The householder should not eat without first offering to ancestors, gods, and men; whoever cooks and eats only for himself, filling only his own belly, eats sin."

Verse 53 (padma.5.9.53)

षष्ठ्यष्टम्योर्विशेत्पापं तैले मांसे सदैव हि । चतुर्दश्यां तथामायां त्यजेत क्षुरमंगनाम्

ṣaṣṭhyaṣṭamyorviśetpāpaṁ taile māṁse sadaiva hi caturdaśyāṁ tathāmāyāṁ tyajeta kṣuramaṁganām

"On the sixth and eighth lunar days, sin ever enters through oil and meat; on the fourteenth and the new-moon day, one should give up the razor and the company of women."

Verse 54 (padma.5.9.54)

रजस्वलां न सेवेत नाश्नीयात्सह भार्यया । एकवासा न भुंजीत न भुंजीतोत्कटासने

rajasvalāṁ na seveta nāśnīyātsaha bhāryayā ekavāsā na bhuṁjīta na bhuṁjītotkaṭāsane

"One should not approach a woman in her menses, nor eat together with one's wife; one should not eat wearing a single garment, nor while seated on a high seat."

Verse 55 (padma.5.9.55)

नाश्नंतीं स्त्रियमीक्षेत तेजःकामो नरोत्तमः । मुखेनोपधमेन्नाग्निं नग्नां नेक्षेत योषितम्

nāśnaṁtīṁ striyamīkṣeta tejaḥkāmo narottamaḥ mukhenopadhamennāgniṁ nagnāṁ nekṣeta yoṣitam

"A man desiring vigor should not look upon a woman while she eats; one should not blow fire with the mouth, nor look upon a naked woman."

Verse 56 (padma.5.9.56)

नांघ्री प्रतापयेदग्नौ न वस्त्वशुचि निक्षिपेत् । प्राणिहिंसां न कुर्वीत नाश्नीयात्संध्ययोर्द्वयोः

nāṁghrī pratāpayedagnau na vastvaśuci nikṣipet prāṇihiṁsāṁ na kurvīta nāśnīyātsaṁdhyayordvayoḥ

"One should not warm the feet at fire, nor throw an impure thing into it; one should harm no living being, nor eat during either twilight."

Verse 57 (padma.5.9.57)

नाचक्षीत धयंतीं गां नेंद्रचापं प्रदर्शयेत् । न दिवोद्गतसारं च भक्षयेद्दधिनो निशि

nācakṣīta dhayaṁtīṁ gāṁ neṁdracāpaṁ pradarśayet na divodgatasāraṁ ca bhakṣayeddadhino niśi

"One should not describe a cow being milked, nor point at a rainbow; nor eat, at night, the cream of curds that formed during the day."

Verse 58 (padma.5.9.58)

स्त्रीं धर्मिणीं नाभिवादेन्नाद्यादातृप्ति रात्रिषु । तौर्यत्रिकप्रियो न स्यात्कांस्ये पादौ न धावयेत्

strīṁ dharmiṇīṁ nābhivādennādyādātṛpti rātriṣu tauryatrikapriyo na syātkāṁsye pādau na dhāvayet

"One should not eat to full satiety at night; one should not be given over to music, dance, and drama; one should not wash the feet in a bronze vessel."

Verse 59 (padma.5.9.59)

न धारयेदन्यभुक्तं वासश्चोपानहावपि । न भिन्नभाजनेऽश्नीयान्नाश्नीतान्नं विदूषितम्

na dhārayedanyabhuktaṁ vāsaścopānahāvapi na bhinnabhājane'śnīyānnāśnītānnaṁ vidūṣitam

"One should not wear another's used garment or sandals; one should not eat from a broken vessel, nor eat food that has been defiled."

Verse 60 (padma.5.9.60)

संविशेन्नार्द्रचरणो नोच्छिष्टः क्वचिदाव्रजेत् । शयानो वा न चाश्नीयान्नोच्छिष्टः संस्पृशेच्छिरः

saṁviśennārdracaraṇo nocchiṣṭaḥ kvacidāvrajet śayāno vā na cāśnīyānnocchiṣṭaḥ saṁspṛśecchiraḥ

"One should not lie down with wet feet, nor go about anywhere with unwashed mouth; one should not eat while lying down, nor touch the head with a hand soiled by food."

Verse 61 (padma.5.9.61)

न मनुष्यस्तुतिं कुर्यान्नात्मानमवमानयेत् । अभ्युद्यतं न प्रणमेत्परमर्माणि नो वदेत्

na manuṣyastutiṁ kuryānnātmānamavamānayet abhyudyataṁ na praṇametparamarmāṇi no vadet

"A man should not praise himself, nor demean himself; he should not bow to one who advances with arrogance, nor speak of others' hidden weaknesses."

Verse 62 (padma.5.9.62)

एवं गार्हस्थ्यमाश्रित्य वानप्रस्थाश्रमं व्रजेत् । सस्त्रीको वा गतस्त्रीको विरज्येत ततः परम्

evaṁ gārhasthyamāśritya vānaprasthāśramaṁ vrajet sastrīko vā gatastrīko virajyeta tataḥ param

"Thus, having lived out the householder stage, one should go on to the forest-dwelling stage — whether with one's wife or having left her — and thereafter grow detached."

Verse 63 (padma.5.9.63)

इत्येवमादयो धर्मा गदिता ऋषिभिस्तदा । श्रुता रामेण महता सर्वलोकहितैषिणा

ityevamādayo dharmā gaditā ṛṣibhistadā śrutā rāmeṇa mahatā sarvalokahitaiṣiṇā

Such and other dharmas were then declared by those sages, and heard by great Rama, who desired the welfare of all the worlds.