Description of the Seven Continents

Verse 1 (shiva.uma.18.1)

सनत्कुमार उवाच । वक्ष्येऽहं भारतं वर्षं हिमाद्रेश्चैव दक्षिणे । उत्तरे तु समुद्रस्य भारती यत्र संसृतिः

sanatkumāra uvāca vakṣye'haṁ bhārataṁ varṣaṁ himādreścaiva dakṣiṇe uttare tu samudrasya bhāratī yatra saṁsṛtiḥ

Sanatkumara said: I shall now describe the region of Bharata, which lies south of the Himalaya mountain and north of the ocean, where the people of Bharata dwell.

Verse 2 (shiva.uma.18.2)

नवयोजनसाहस्रो विस्तारोऽस्य महामुने । स्वर्गापवर्गयोः कर्मभूमिरेषा स्मृता बुधैः

navayojanasāhasro vistāro'sya mahāmune svargāpavargayoḥ karmabhūmireṣā smṛtā budhaiḥ

O great sage, its extent is nine thousand yojanas; the wise have declared this to be the land of action for the attainment of both heaven and liberation.

Verse 3 (shiva.uma.18.3)

अतः सम्प्राप्यते पुम्भिः स्वर्गो नरक एव च । भारतस्यापि वर्षस्य नव भेदान् ब्रवीमि ते

ataḥ samprāpyate pumbhiḥ svargo naraka eva ca bhāratasyāpi varṣasya nava bhedān bravīmi te

From here men attain either heaven or hell; I shall now tell you also of the nine divisions of the region of Bharata.

Verse 4 (shiva.uma.18.4)

इन्द्रद्युम्नः कसेरुश्च ताम्रवर्णो गभस्तिमान् । नागद्वीपस्तथा सौम्यो गन्धर्वस्त्वथ वारुणः

indradyumnaḥ kaseruśca tāmravarṇo gabhastimān nāgadvīpastathā saumyo gandharvastvatha vāruṇaḥ

Indradyumna, Kaseru, Tamravarna, Gabhastimat, Nagadvipa, and likewise Saumya, Gandharva, and Varuna --

Verse 5 (shiva.uma.18.5)

अयं तु नवमस्तेषां द्वीपः सागरसम्भृतः । योजनानां सहस्रं तु द्वीपोऽयं दक्षिणोत्तरः

ayaṁ tu navamasteṣāṁ dvīpaḥ sāgarasambhṛtaḥ yojanānāṁ sahasraṁ tu dvīpo'yaṁ dakṣiṇottaraḥ

-- and this, the ninth of them, is an island surrounded by the ocean, extending a thousand yojanas from south to north.

Verse 6 (shiva.uma.18.6)

पूर्वे किराता यस्य स्युर्दक्षिणे यवनाः स्थिताः । पश्चिमे च तथा ज्ञेया उत्तरे हि तपस्विनः

pūrve kirātā yasya syurdakṣiṇe yavanāḥ sthitāḥ paścime ca tathā jñeyā uttare hi tapasvinaḥ

To its east dwell the Kiratas, to its south the Yavanas; other peoples likewise are to be known to its west, while ascetics dwell to the north.

Verse 7 (shiva.uma.18.7)

ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्या मध्ये शूद्राश्च भूयशः । इज्यायुद्धपणासेवा वर्तयन्तो व्यवस्थिताः

brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyā madhye śūdrāśca bhūyaśaḥ ijyāyuddhapaṇāsevā vartayanto vyavasthitāḥ

In the middle dwell Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and, in the greatest numbers, Shudras, occupied respectively with sacrifice, warfare, trade, and service.

Verse 8 (shiva.uma.18.8)

महेन्द्रो मलयः सह्यः सुदामा चर्क्षपर्वतः । विन्ध्यश्च पारियात्रश्च सप्तात्र कुलपर्वताः

mahendro malayaḥ sahyaḥ sudāmā carkṣaparvataḥ vindhyaśca pāriyātraśca saptātra kulaparvatāḥ

Mahendra, Malaya, Sahya, Sudama, the Riksha mountain, Vindhya, and Pariyatra -- these seven are the principal mountain ranges here.

Verse 9 (shiva.uma.18.9)

वेदस्मृतिपुराणाद्याः पारियात्रोद्भवा मुने । सर्वपापहरा ज्ञेया दर्शनात्स्पर्शनादपि

vedasmṛtipurāṇādyāḥ pāriyātrodbhavā mune sarvapāpaharā jñeyā darśanātsparśanādapi

O sage, the rivers born of Pariyatra, celebrated in the Vedas, Smritis, Puranas and the like, should be known as removers of all sin, whether by sight or by touch.

Verse 10 (shiva.uma.18.10)

नर्मदा सुरसाद्याश्च सप्तान्याश्च सहस्रशः । विन्ध्योद्भवा महानद्यः सर्वपापहराः शुभाः

narmadā surasādyāśca saptānyāśca sahasraśaḥ vindhyodbhavā mahānadyaḥ sarvapāpaharāḥ śubhāḥ

The Narmada, the Surasa, and other great rivers -- seven of them, and thousands more besides -- arise from the Vindhya, all auspicious and removers of every sin.

Verse 11 (shiva.uma.18.11)

गोदावरीभीमरथीतापीप्रमुखनिम्नगाः । गिरेर्विनिर्गता ऋक्षात्सद्यः पापभयापहाः

godāvarībhīmarathītāpīpramukhanimnagāḥ girervinirgatā ṛkṣātsadyaḥ pāpabhayāpahāḥ

The Godavari, Bhimarathi, Tapi, and other foremost rivers issue from the Riksha mountain, instantly dispelling the fear born of sin.

Verse 12 (shiva.uma.18.12)

सह्यपादोद्भवा नद्यः कृष्णावेण्यादिकास्तथा । कृतमालाताम्रपर्णीप्रमुखा मलयोद्भवाः

sahyapādodbhavā nadyaḥ kṛṣṇāveṇyādikāstathā kṛtamālātāmraparṇīpramukhā malayodbhavāḥ

Rivers such as the Krishna and Veni arise from the foot of the Sahya mountain; the Kritamala, Tamraparni, and other foremost rivers arise from the Malaya.

Verse 13 (shiva.uma.18.13)

त्रियामा चर्षिकुल्याद्या महेन्द्रप्रभवाः स्मृताः । ऋषिकुल्या कुमार्याद्याः शुक्तिमत्पादसम्भवाः

triyāmā carṣikulyādyā mahendraprabhavāḥ smṛtāḥ ṛṣikulyā kumāryādyāḥ śuktimatpādasambhavāḥ

Triyama and Rishikulya and others are known to spring from Mahendra; Rishikulya, Kumari, and others arise from the foot of Shuktimat.

Verse 14 (shiva.uma.18.14)

नानाजनपदास्तेषु मण्डलेषु वसन्ति वै । आसां पिबन्ति पानीयं सरःसु विविधेषु च

nānājanapadāsteṣu maṇḍaleṣu vasanti vai āsāṁ pibanti pānīyaṁ saraḥsu vividheṣu ca

Various peoples dwell in those regions; they drink the water of these rivers and of the many lakes as well.

Verse 15 (shiva.uma.18.15)

चत्वारि भारते वर्षे युगान्यासन् महामुने । कृतादीनि न चान्येषु द्वीपेषु प्रभवन्ति हि

catvāri bhārate varṣe yugānyāsan mahāmune kṛtādīni na cānyeṣu dvīpeṣu prabhavanti hi

O great sage, the four ages, Krita and the rest, occur only in the region of Bharata; they do not come to pass in the other continents.

Verse 16 (shiva.uma.18.16)

दानानि चात्र दीयन्ते सुकृतैश्चात्र याज्ञिकैः । तपस्तपन्ति यतयः परलोकार्थमादरात्

dānāni cātra dīyante sukṛtaiścātra yājñikaiḥ tapastapanti yatayaḥ paralokārthamādarāt

Here gifts are given by the virtuous performers of sacrifice, and ascetics practice austerity here with reverence, for the sake of the world beyond.

Verse 17 (shiva.uma.18.17)

यतो हि कर्मभूरेषा जम्बूद्वीपे महामुने । अत्रापि भारतं श्रेष्ठमतोऽन्या भोगभूमयः

yato hi karmabhūreṣā jambūdvīpe mahāmune atrāpi bhārataṁ śreṣṭhamato'nyā bhogabhūmayaḥ

For, O great sage, this alone is the land of action in Jambudvipa, and among these regions Bharata is foremost; the rest are lands of mere enjoyment.

Verse 18 (shiva.uma.18.18)

कदाचिल्लभते मर्त्यः सहस्रैर्मुनिसत्तम । अत्र जन्मसहस्राणां मानुष्यं पुण्यसञ्चयैः

kadācillabhate martyaḥ sahasrairmunisattama atra janmasahasrāṇāṁ mānuṣyaṁ puṇyasañcayaiḥ

O best of sages, only rarely, after thousands of births, does a mortal obtain human birth here, and that too through the accumulation of merit across those births.

Verse 19 (shiva.uma.18.19)

स्वर्गापवर्गास्पदमार्गभूते धन्यास्तु ते भारतभूमिभागे । गायन्ति देवाः किल गीतकानि भवन्ति भूयः पुरुषाः सुरास्ते

svargāpavargāspadamārgabhūte dhanyāstu te bhāratabhūmibhāge gāyanti devāḥ kila gītakāni bhavanti bhūyaḥ puruṣāḥ surāste

Blessed indeed are those born in that portion of the land of Bharata, which is the very pathway to the abode of heaven and liberation; the gods themselves, it is said, sing songs of it -- for such men become gods once again.

Verse 20 (shiva.uma.18.20)

विहृत्य शम्भोः परमात्मरूपे । फलानि सर्वाणि तु कर्मजानि यास्याम्यहं तत्तनुतां हि तस्य

vihṛtya śambhoḥ paramātmarūpe phalāni sarvāṇi tu karmajāni yāsyāmyahaṁ tattanutāṁ hi tasya

-- having sported in the very form of the Supreme Self that is Shambhu, and enjoyed all the fruits born of one's deeds: 'I too shall go to attain a share in that same form of his' -- so the gods sing. (The verse survives incomplete in the source at this point.)

Verse 21 (shiva.uma.18.21)

आप्स्यन्ति धन्याः खलु ते मनुष्याः सुखैर्युताः कर्मणि सन्निविष्टाः । जनुर्हि येषां खलु भारतेऽस्ति ते स्वर्गमोक्षोभयलाभवन्तः

āpsyanti dhanyāḥ khalu te manuṣyāḥ sukhairyutāḥ karmaṇi sanniviṣṭāḥ janurhi yeṣāṁ khalu bhārate'sti te svargamokṣobhayalābhavantaḥ

Blessed indeed are those men who shall attain that state, endowed with happiness and devoted to right action; for whoever is born in Bharata gains both heaven and liberation.

Verse 22 (shiva.uma.18.22)

लक्षयोजनविस्तारः समस्तपरिमण्डलः । जम्बूद्वीपो मया ख्यातः क्षारोदधिसुसंवृतः

lakṣayojanavistāraḥ samastaparimaṇḍalaḥ jambūdvīpo mayā khyātaḥ kṣārodadhisusaṁvṛtaḥ

Thus have I described Jambudvipa, whose entire circumference measures one hundred thousand yojanas, well encircled by the ocean of salt water.

Verse 23 (shiva.uma.18.23)

संवेष्ट्य क्षारमुदधिं शतसाहस्रसम्मितम् । ततो हि द्विगुणो ब्रह्मन् प्लक्षद्वीपः प्रकीर्तितः

saṁveṣṭya kṣāramudadhiṁ śatasāhasrasammitam tato hi dviguṇo brahman plakṣadvīpaḥ prakīrtitaḥ

Encircling that salt ocean, which measures a hundred thousand yojanas, O Brahmin, lies Plaksha-dvipa, proclaimed to be twice its size.

Verse 24 (shiva.uma.18.24)

गोमन्तश्चैव चन्द्रश्च नारदो दर्दुरस्तथा । सोमकः सुमनाः शैलो वैभ्राजश्चैव सत्तमः

gomantaścaiva candraśca nārado dardurastathā somakaḥ sumanāḥ śailo vaibhrājaścaiva sattamaḥ

Gomanta, Chandra, Narada, and likewise Dardura, Somaka, Sumanas, and the excellent mountain Vaibhraja --

Verse 25 (shiva.uma.18.25)

वर्षाचलेषु रम्येषु सहिताः सततं प्रजाः । वसन्ति देवगन्धर्वा वर्षेष्वेतेषु नित्यशः

varṣācaleṣu ramyeṣu sahitāḥ satataṁ prajāḥ vasanti devagandharvā varṣeṣveteṣu nityaśaḥ

-- upon these delightful boundary-mountains the people dwell together always; gods and gandharvas continually reside in these regions.

Verse 26 (shiva.uma.18.26)

नाधयो व्याधयो वापि जनानां तत्र कुत्रचित् । दश वर्षसहस्राणि तत्र जीवन्ति मानवाः

nādhayo vyādhayo vāpi janānāṁ tatra kutracit daśa varṣasahasrāṇi tatra jīvanti mānavāḥ

There the people suffer neither mental anguish nor bodily disease at all; humans there live for ten thousand years.

Verse 27 (shiva.uma.18.27)

अनुतप्ता शिखी चैव पापघ्नी त्रिदिवा कृपा । अमृता सुकृता चैव सप्तैवात्र च निम्नगाः

anutaptā śikhī caiva pāpaghnī tridivā kṛpā amṛtā sukṛtā caiva saptaivātra ca nimnagāḥ

Anutapta, Shikhi, Papaghni, Tridiva, Kripa, Amrita, and Sukrita -- these seven are the rivers there.

Verse 28 (shiva.uma.18.28)

क्षुद्रनद्यस्तथा शैलास्तत्र सन्ति सहस्रशः । ताः पिबन्ति सुसंहृष्टा नदीर्जनपदास्तु ते

kṣudranadyastathā śailāstatra santi sahasraśaḥ tāḥ pibanti susaṁhṛṣṭā nadīrjanapadāstu te

There are also thousands of smaller rivers and mountains there; the peoples of that land drink from those rivers with great delight.

Verse 29 (shiva.uma.18.29)

न तत्रापि युगावस्था यथा स्थानेषु सप्तसु । त्रेतायुगसमः कालः सर्वदैव महामुने

na tatrāpi yugāvasthā yathā sthāneṣu saptasu tretāyugasamaḥ kālaḥ sarvadaiva mahāmune

O great sage, there too, as in the other seven regions, the succession of the ages does not apply; the time there is always equal to the Treta age.

Verse 30 (shiva.uma.18.30)

विप्रक्षत्रियवैश्यास्ते शूद्राश्च मुनिसत्तम । कल्पवृक्षसमानस्तु तन्मध्ये सुमहातरुः

viprakṣatriyavaiśyāste śūdrāśca munisattama kalpavṛkṣasamānastu tanmadhye sumahātaruḥ

O best of sages, there dwell Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras; and in the midst of that land stands a very great tree, equal to a wish-fulfilling tree.

Verse 31 (shiva.uma.18.31)

प्लक्षस्तन्नामसंज्ञो वै प्लक्षद्वीपो द्विजोत्तम । इज्यते तत्र भगवान् शङ्करो लोकशङ्करः

plakṣastannāmasaṁjño vai plakṣadvīpo dvijottama ijyate tatra bhagavān śaṅkaro lokaśaṅkaraḥ

O best of the twice-born, that tree is named Plaksha, and from it the continent is named Plaksha-dvipa; there the Blessed Lord Shankara, the benefactor of the worlds, is worshipped.

Verse 32 (shiva.uma.18.32)

हरिश्च भगवान् ब्रह्मा यन्त्रैर्मन्त्रैश्च वैदिकैः । सङ्क्षेपेण तथा भूयः शाल्मलिं त्वं निशामय

hariśca bhagavān brahmā yantrairmantraiśca vaidikaiḥ saṅkṣepeṇa tathā bhūyaḥ śālmaliṁ tvaṁ niśāmaya

-- and likewise the Blessed Hari and Brahma, with Vedic instruments and mantras. Now hear from me, once again in brief, of Shalmali-dvipa.

Verse 33 (shiva.uma.18.33)

सप्तवर्षाणि तत्रैव तेषां नामानि मे शृणु । श्वेतोऽथ हरितश्चैव जीमूतो रोहितस्तथा

saptavarṣāṇi tatraiva teṣāṁ nāmāni me śṛṇu śveto'tha haritaścaiva jīmūto rohitastathā

There too are seven regions; hear from me their names: Shveta, Harita, Jimuta, and likewise Rohita --

Verse 34 (shiva.uma.18.34)

वैकलो मानसश्चैव सुप्रभः सप्तमो मुने । शाल्मलेन तु वृक्षेण द्वीपः शाल्मलिसंज्ञकः

vaikalo mānasaścaiva suprabhaḥ saptamo mune śālmalena tu vṛkṣeṇa dvīpaḥ śālmalisaṁjñakaḥ

-- Vaikala, Manasa, and Suprabha the seventh, O sage; from the shalmali tree growing there the continent takes the name Shalmali.

Verse 35 (shiva.uma.18.35)

द्विगुणेन समुद्रेण सततं संवृतः स्थितः । वर्षाभिव्यञ्जका नद्यस्तासां नामानि मे शृणु

dviguṇena samudreṇa satataṁ saṁvṛtaḥ sthitaḥ varṣābhivyañjakā nadyastāsāṁ nāmāni me śṛṇu

It stands ever encircled by an ocean twice as large as the one before it; hear from me the names of the rivers that mark out its regions.

Verse 36 (shiva.uma.18.36)

शुक्ला रक्ता हिरण्या च चन्द्रा शुभ्रा विमोचना । निवृत्तिः सप्तमी तासां पुण्यतोयाः सुशीतलाः

śuklā raktā hiraṇyā ca candrā śubhrā vimocanā nivṛttiḥ saptamī tāsāṁ puṇyatoyāḥ suśītalāḥ

Shukla, Rakta, Hiranya, Chandra, Shubhra, Vimochana, and Nivritti the seventh -- their waters are sacred and exceedingly cool.

Verse 37 (shiva.uma.18.37)

सप्तैव तानि वर्षाणि चतुर्वर्णैर्युतानि च । भगवन्तं सदा शम्भुं यजन्ते विविधैर्मखैः

saptaiva tāni varṣāṇi caturvarṇairyutāni ca bhagavantaṁ sadā śambhuṁ yajante vividhairmakhaiḥ

These are the seven regions, inhabited by the four social orders, who ever worship the Blessed Shambhu with various sacrifices.

Verse 38 (shiva.uma.18.38)

देवानां तत्र सान्निध्यमतीव सुमनोरमे । एष द्वीपः समुद्रेण सुरोदेन समावृतः

devānāṁ tatra sānnidhyamatīva sumanorame eṣa dvīpaḥ samudreṇa surodena samāvṛtaḥ

There is the close presence of the gods in that exceedingly beautiful land; this continent is surrounded by the ocean called Suroda, the ocean of wine.

Verse 39 (shiva.uma.18.39)

द्विगुणेन कुशद्वीपः समन्ताद् बाह्यतः स्थितः । वसन्ति तत्र दैतेया मनुजैः सह दानवाः

dviguṇena kuśadvīpaḥ samantād bāhyataḥ sthitaḥ vasanti tatra daiteyā manujaiḥ saha dānavāḥ

Beyond it, twice as large, lies Kusha-dvipa, situated all around on the outside; there dwell the Daityas and Danavas together with humans.

Verse 40 (shiva.uma.18.40)

तथैव देवगन्धर्वा यक्षाः किम्पुरुषादयः । वर्णास्तत्रैव चत्वारो निजानुष्ठानतत्पराः

tathaiva devagandharvā yakṣāḥ kimpuruṣādayaḥ varṇāstatraiva catvāro nijānuṣṭhānatatparāḥ

And likewise gods, gandharvas, yakshas, and kimpurushas and the rest; the four social orders there too are devoted to their own respective duties.

Verse 41 (shiva.uma.18.41)

तत्रैव च कुशद्वीपे ब्रह्माणं च जनार्दनम् । यजन्ति च तथेशानं सर्वकामफलप्रदम्

tatraiva ca kuśadvīpe brahmāṇaṁ ca janārdanam yajanti ca tatheśānaṁ sarvakāmaphalapradam

There in Kusha-dvipa itself they worship Brahma and Janardana, and likewise Ishana, the bestower of the fruits of all desires.

Verse 42 (shiva.uma.18.42)

कुशेशयो हरिश्चैव द्युतिमान् पुष्पवांस्तथा । मणिद्रुमो हेमशैलः सप्तमो मन्दराचलः

kuśeśayo hariścaiva dyutimān puṣpavāṁstathā maṇidrumo hemaśailaḥ saptamo mandarācalaḥ

Kusheshaya, Hari, Dyutiman, and likewise Pushpavan, Manidruma, Hemashaila, and Mandaracala the seventh --

Verse 43 (shiva.uma.18.43)

नद्यश्च सप्त तासां तु नामानि शृणु तत्त्वतः । धूतपापा शिवा चैव पवित्रा सम्मितिस्तथा

nadyaśca sapta tāsāṁ tu nāmāni śṛṇu tattvataḥ dhūtapāpā śivā caiva pavitrā sammitistathā

-- these are the mountains there, and there are seven rivers; hear their names in truth: Dhutapapa, Shiva, and likewise Pavitra, Sammiti --

Verse 44 (shiva.uma.18.44)

विद्या दम्भा मही चान्या सर्वपापहरास्त्विमाः । अन्याः सहस्रशः सन्ति शुभापो हेमवालुकाः

vidyā dambhā mahī cānyā sarvapāpaharāstvimāḥ anyāḥ sahasraśaḥ santi śubhāpo hemavālukāḥ

-- Vidya, Dambha, and Mahi -- these all remove every sin; and there are thousands of other rivers besides, with auspicious waters and golden sands.

Verse 45 (shiva.uma.18.45)

कुशद्वीपे कुशस्तम्बो घृतोदेन समावृतः । क्रौञ्चद्वीपो महाभाग श्रूयतां चापरो महान्

kuśadvīpe kuśastambo ghṛtodena samāvṛtaḥ krauñcadvīpo mahābhāga śrūyatāṁ cāparo mahān

In Kusha-dvipa stands a tuft of kusha grass after which it is named; it is surrounded by the ocean of ghee. O illustrious one, now hear of the next great continent, Krauncha-dvipa.

Verse 46 (shiva.uma.18.46)

द्विगुणेन समुद्रेण दधिमण्डेन चावृतः । वर्षाचला महाबुद्धे तेषां नामानि मे शृणु

dviguṇena samudreṇa dadhimaṇḍena cāvṛtaḥ varṣācalā mahābuddhe teṣāṁ nāmāni me śṛṇu

It is surrounded by an ocean twice as large, the ocean of curd-froth; O wise one, hear from me the names of the boundary-mountains there.

Verse 47 (shiva.uma.18.47)

क्रौञ्चश्च वामनश्चैव तृतीयश्चान्धकारकः । दिवावृतिर्मनश्चैव पुण्डरीकश्च दुन्दुभिः

krauñcaśca vāmanaścaiva tṛtīyaścāndhakārakaḥ divāvṛtirmanaścaiva puṇḍarīkaśca dundubhiḥ

Krauncha, Vamana, and the third, Andhakaraka; Divavriti, Manas, Pundarika, and Dundubhi --

Verse 48 (shiva.uma.18.48)

निवसन्ति निरातङ्का वर्षशैलेषु तेषु वै । सर्वसौवर्णरम्येषु सुहृद्देवगणैः प्रजाः

nivasanti nirātaṅkā varṣaśaileṣu teṣu vai sarvasauvarṇaramyeṣu suhṛddevagaṇaiḥ prajāḥ

-- upon those boundary-mountains, all beautiful and made entirely of gold, the people dwell free of affliction, together with friendly hosts of gods.

Verse 49 (shiva.uma.18.49)

ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्याः शूद्राश्चानुक्रमोदिताः । सन्ति तत्र महानद्यः सप्तान्यास्तु सहस्रशः

brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ śūdrāścānukramoditāḥ santi tatra mahānadyaḥ saptānyāstu sahasraśaḥ

Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras dwell there in due order; there are seven great rivers there, and thousands of others besides.

Verse 50 (shiva.uma.18.50)

गौरी कुमुद्वती चैव सन्ध्या रात्रिर्मनोजवा । शान्तिश्च पुण्डरीका च याः पिबन्ति पयः शुभम्

gaurī kumudvatī caiva sandhyā rātrirmanojavā śāntiśca puṇḍarīkā ca yāḥ pibanti payaḥ śubham

Gauri, Kumudvati, Sandhya, Ratri, Manojava, Shanti, and Pundarika -- whose auspicious waters they drink.

Verse 51 (shiva.uma.18.51)

भगवान् पूज्यते तत्र योगरुद्रस्वरूपवान् । दधिमण्डोदकश्चापि शाकद्वीपेन संवृतः

bhagavān pūjyate tatra yogarudrasvarūpavān dadhimaṇḍodakaścāpi śākadvīpena saṁvṛtaḥ

There the Blessed Lord is worshipped in his form as Yogarudra; and Krauncha-dvipa, surrounded by the ocean of curd-froth, is in turn encircled by Shaka-dvipa.

Verse 52 (shiva.uma.18.52)

द्विगुणेनाद्रयः सप्त तेषां नामानि मे शृणु । पूर्वे तत्रोदयगिरिर्जलधारः परे यतः

dviguṇenādrayaḥ sapta teṣāṁ nāmāni me śṛṇu pūrve tatrodayagirirjaladhāraḥ pare yataḥ

Shaka-dvipa is twice as large; there are seven mountains there -- hear their names from me: to the east stands Udayagiri, and Jaladhara beyond it --

Verse 53 (shiva.uma.18.53)

पृष्ठतोऽस्तगिरिश्चैव ह्यविकेशश्च केसरी । शाकस्तत्र महावृक्षः सिद्धगन्धर्वसेवितः

pṛṣṭhato'stagiriścaiva hyavikeśaśca kesarī śākastatra mahāvṛkṣaḥ siddhagandharvasevitaḥ

-- and behind it Astagiri, and likewise Avikesha and Kesari. There stands the great shaka tree, attended by Siddhas and Gandharvas.

Verse 54 (shiva.uma.18.54)

तत्र पुण्या जनपदाश्चातुर्वर्ण्यसमन्विताः । नद्यश्चात्र महापुण्याः सर्वपापभयापहाः

tatra puṇyā janapadāścāturvarṇyasamanvitāḥ nadyaścātra mahāpuṇyāḥ sarvapāpabhayāpahāḥ

There are sacred lands there, inhabited by the four social orders; and here too are great and sacred rivers, dispelling all fear of sin.

Verse 55 (shiva.uma.18.55)

सुकुमारी कुमारी च नलिनी वेणुका तथा । इक्षुश्च रेणुका चैव गभस्तिः सप्तमी तथा

sukumārī kumārī ca nalinī veṇukā tathā ikṣuśca reṇukā caiva gabhastiḥ saptamī tathā

Sukumari, Kumari, Nalini, and likewise Venuka, Ikshu, Renuka, and Gabhasti the seventh --

Verse 56 (shiva.uma.18.56)

अन्याः सहस्रशस्तत्र क्षुद्रनद्यो महामुने । महीधरास्तथा सन्ति शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः

anyāḥ sahasraśastatra kṣudranadyo mahāmune mahīdharāstathā santi śataśo'tha sahasraśaḥ

-- O great sage, there are thousands of other lesser rivers there, and mountains too, by the hundreds and thousands.

Verse 57 (shiva.uma.18.57)

धर्महानिर्न तेष्वस्ति स्वर्गादागत्य मानवाः । वर्षेषु तेषु पृथिवीं विहरन्ति परस्परम्

dharmahānirna teṣvasti svargādāgatya mānavāḥ varṣeṣu teṣu pṛthivīṁ viharanti parasparam

There is no decline of dharma among them; having come from heaven, men wander freely over the earth together, in those regions.

Verse 58 (shiva.uma.18.58)

शाकद्वीपे तु वै सूर्यः प्रीत्या जनपदैः सदा । यथोक्तैरिज्यते सम्यक्कर्मभिर्नियतात्मभिः

śākadvīpe tu vai sūryaḥ prītyā janapadaiḥ sadā yathoktairijyate samyakkarmabhirniyatātmabhiḥ

In Shaka-dvipa the sun-god is ever worshipped with devotion by the people, duly, through the prescribed rites, by those of disciplined mind.

Verse 59 (shiva.uma.18.59)

क्षीरोदेनावृतः सोऽपि द्विगुणेन समन्ततः । क्षीराब्धिः सर्वतो व्यास पुष्कराख्येन संवृतः

kṣīrodenāvṛtaḥ so'pi dviguṇena samantataḥ kṣīrābdhiḥ sarvato vyāsa puṣkarākhyena saṁvṛtaḥ

That continent too is surrounded on all sides by an ocean of milk twice as large; and that ocean of milk, O Vyasa, is in turn wholly encircled by the continent called Pushkara.

Verse 60 (shiva.uma.18.60)

द्विगुणेन महावर्षस्तत्र ख्यातोऽत्र मानसः । योजनानां सहस्राणि ऊर्ध्वं पञ्चाशदुच्छ्रितः

dviguṇena mahāvarṣastatra khyāto'tra mānasaḥ yojanānāṁ sahasrāṇi ūrdhvaṁ pañcāśaducchritaḥ

There, in the great region called Manasa, twice as large again, a mountain rises fifty thousand yojanas high.

Verse 61 (shiva.uma.18.61)

तानि चैव तु लक्षाणि सर्वतो वलयाकृतिः । पुष्करद्वीपवलयं मध्येन विभजन्निव

tāni caiva tu lakṣāṇi sarvato valayākṛtiḥ puṣkaradvīpavalayaṁ madhyena vibhajanniva

That mountain, a hundred thousand yojanas across, is shaped like a ring on every side, dividing the ring-shaped continent of Pushkara through its middle, as it were.

Verse 62 (shiva.uma.18.62)

तेनैव वलयाकारा द्वीपवर्षसमाकृतिः । दशवर्षसहस्राणि तत्र जीवन्ति मानवाः

tenaiva valayākārā dvīpavarṣasamākṛtiḥ daśavarṣasahasrāṇi tatra jīvanti mānavāḥ

By that same mountain the continent's regions take on a ring-like form; humans there live for ten thousand years.

Verse 63 (shiva.uma.18.63)

निरामया वीतशोका रागद्वेषविवर्जिताः । अधर्मो न मतस्तेषां न बन्धवधकौ मुने

nirāmayā vītaśokā rāgadveṣavivarjitāḥ adharmo na matasteṣāṁ na bandhavadhakau mune

They are free of illness and free of sorrow, devoid of attachment and hatred; O sage, unrighteousness finds no place among them, nor bondage nor killing.

Verse 64 (shiva.uma.18.64)

सत्यानृते न तस्यास्तां सदैव वसतिः सदा । तुल्यवेषास्तु मनुजा हेमवर्णैकरूपिणः

satyānṛte na tasyāstāṁ sadaiva vasatiḥ sadā tulyaveṣāstu manujā hemavarṇaikarūpiṇaḥ

There neither truth nor falsehood ever finds a lasting dwelling; the people there are alike in appearance, uniformly golden in hue.

Verse 65 (shiva.uma.18.65)

वर्षश्चायं तु कालेय भौमः स्वर्गोपमोपमः । सर्वस्य सुखदः कालो जरारोगविवर्जितः

varṣaścāyaṁ tu kāleya bhaumaḥ svargopamopamaḥ sarvasya sukhadaḥ kālo jarārogavivarjitaḥ

O Kaleya, this region, though of the earth, is comparable to heaven itself; time there brings happiness to all and is free of old age and disease.

Verse 66 (shiva.uma.18.66)

पुष्करे धातकीखण्डे महावीते महामुने । न्यग्रोधं पुष्करद्वीपे ब्रह्मणः स्थानमुत्तमम्

puṣkare dhātakīkhaṇḍe mahāvīte mahāmune nyagrodhaṁ puṣkaradvīpe brahmaṇaḥ sthānamuttamam

O great sage, in Pushkara, in the regions of Dhataki-khanda and Mahavita, stands the banyan tree -- the supreme abode of Brahma in Pushkara-dvipa.

Verse 67 (shiva.uma.18.67)

तस्मिन्निवसते ब्रह्मा पूज्यमानः सुरासुरैः । स्वादूदकेनाम्बुधिना पुष्करः परिवेष्टितः

tasminnivasate brahmā pūjyamānaḥ surāsuraiḥ svādūdakenāmbudhinā puṣkaraḥ pariveṣṭitaḥ

There Brahma dwells, worshipped by gods and demons alike; and Pushkara-dvipa is encircled by an ocean of sweet water.

Verse 68 (shiva.uma.18.68)

एवं द्वीपाः समुद्रैस्तु सप्त सप्तभिरावृताः । द्वीपाश्चैव समुद्राश्च समाना द्विगुणैः परैः

evaṁ dvīpāḥ samudraistu sapta saptabhirāvṛtāḥ dvīpāścaiva samudrāśca samānā dviguṇaiḥ paraiḥ

Thus the seven continents are encircled by the seven oceans; each continent and ocean is twice the size of the one before it.

Verse 69 (shiva.uma.18.69)

उक्तातिरिक्तता तेषां समुद्रेषु समानि वै । पयांसि सर्वदाल्पत्वं जायन्ते न कदाचन

uktātiriktatā teṣāṁ samudreṣu samāni vai payāṁsi sarvadālpatvaṁ jāyante na kadācana

Beyond what has been said, in these oceans the waters remain always equal in level; they never diminish at any time.

Verse 70 (shiva.uma.18.70)

स्थालीस्थमग्निसंयोगादधःस्थं मुनिसत्तम । तथेन्दुवृद्धौ सलिलमूर्ध्वगं भवति ध्रुवम्

sthālīsthamagnisaṁyogādadhaḥsthaṁ munisattama tathenduvṛddhau salilamūrdhvagaṁ bhavati dhruvam

O best of sages, just as water set in a vessel over fire rises upward, so too, certainly, when the moon waxes, the water rises.

Verse 71 (shiva.uma.18.71)

उदयास्तमने त्विन्दोर्वर्धन्त्यापो ह्रसन्ति च । अतो न्यूनातिरिक्ताश्च पक्षयोः शुक्लकृष्णयोः

udayāstamane tvindorvardhantyāpo hrasanti ca ato nyūnātiriktāśca pakṣayoḥ śuklakṛṣṇayoḥ

With the rising and setting of the moon the waters increase and decrease; thus they grow more or less through the bright and dark fortnights.

Verse 72 (shiva.uma.18.72)

अपां वृद्धिक्षयौ दृष्टौ शतशस्तु दशोत्तरम् । समुद्राणां मुनिश्रेष्ठ सर्वेषां कथितं तव

apāṁ vṛddhikṣayau dṛṣṭau śataśastu daśottaram samudrāṇāṁ muniśreṣṭha sarveṣāṁ kathitaṁ tava

O best of sages, the rise and fall of the waters have been observed in this same manner for all the oceans -- thus has it been told to you.

Verse 73 (shiva.uma.18.73)

भोजनं पुष्करद्वीपे प्रजाः सर्वाः सदैव हि । खण्डस्य कुर्वते विप्र तत्र स्वयमुपस्थितम्

bhojanaṁ puṣkaradvīpe prajāḥ sarvāḥ sadaiva hi khaṇḍasya kurvate vipra tatra svayamupasthitam

O Brahmin, in Pushkara-dvipa all the people always take their food from sugar-cane, which presents itself there of its own accord.

Verse 74 (shiva.uma.18.74)

स्वादूदकस्य पुरतो नास्ति लोकस्य संस्थितिः । सौवर्णी द्विगुणा भूमिः सर्वजन्तुविवर्जिता

svādūdakasya purato nāsti lokasya saṁsthitiḥ sauvarṇī dviguṇā bhūmiḥ sarvajantuvivarjitā

Beyond the ocean of sweet water there is no further dwelling-place of the world; there lies a golden land, twice as large, devoid of all living creatures.

Verse 75 (shiva.uma.18.75)

लोकालोकस्ततः शैलः सहस्राण्यचलो हि सः । उच्छ्रयेण हि तावन्ति योजनायुतविस्तृतः

lokālokastataḥ śailaḥ sahasrāṇyacalo hi saḥ ucchrayeṇa hi tāvanti yojanāyutavistṛtaḥ

Beyond that stands the immovable mountain called Lokaloka, rising as many thousands of yojanas as it is broad, extending ten thousand yojanas in breadth.

Verse 76 (shiva.uma.18.76)

तमश्चाण्डकटाहेन सेयमुर्वी महामुने । पञ्चाशत्कोटिविस्तारा सद्वीपा समहीधरा

tamaścāṇḍakaṭāhena seyamurvī mahāmune pañcāśatkoṭivistārā sadvīpā samahīdharā

O great sage, beyond it lies darkness, and then the shell of the cosmic egg; this earth, together with its continents and mountains, measures fifty crore yojanas in extent.

Verse 77 (shiva.uma.18.77)

आधारभूता सर्वेषां सर्वभूतगुणाधिका । सेयं धात्री च कालेय सर्वेषां जगतामिला

ādhārabhūtā sarveṣāṁ sarvabhūtaguṇādhikā seyaṁ dhātrī ca kāleya sarveṣāṁ jagatāmilā

It is the support of all beings, surpassing all beings in its qualities; O Kaleya, this same earth is the nurturing mother of all the worlds.