Examination of Brahmins Unfit for Shraddha

Verse 1 (skanda.7.205.1)

देव्युवाच। भगवन्देवदेवेश संसारार्णवतारक। ब्रूहि श्राद्धविधिं पुण्यं विस्तराज्जगतांपते

devyuvāca| bhagavan devadeveśa saṁsārārṇavatāraka| brūhi śrāddhavidhiṁ puṇyaṁ vistarājjagatāṁpate

The Goddess said: O Lord, God of gods, deliverer across the ocean of worldly existence, O Master of the universe, please tell me in detail the sacred procedure of shraddha.

Verse 2 (skanda.7.205.2)

कस्मिन्वासरभागे तु श्राद्धकृच्छ्राद्धमाचरेत्। अस्मिन्सरस्वती तीर्थे प्रभासक्षेत्र उत्तमे

kasminvāsarabhāge tu śrāddhakṛcchrāddhamācaret| asminsarasvatī tīrthe prabhāsakṣetra uttame

At which part of the day should one who performs shraddha at this Sarasvati tirtha in the excellent field of Prabhasa perform it?

Verse 3 (skanda.7.205.3)

कस्मिंस्तीर्थे कृतं श्राद्धं बहुपुण्यफलं भवेत्। एतत्सर्वं महादेव यथावद्वक्तुमर्हसि

kasmiṁstīrthe kṛtaṁ śrāddhaṁ bahupuṇyaphalaṁ bhavet| etatsarvaṁ mahādeva yathāvadvaktumarhasi

At which tirtha does shraddha performed yield the most abundant merit? O Mahadeva, please explain all this fully and truly.

Verse 4 (skanda.7.205.4)

ईश्वर उवाच। प्रातःकाले मुहूर्तांस्त्रीन्संगवस्तावदेव तु। मध्याह्नस्त्रिमुहूर्तः स्यादपराह्णस्ततः परम्

īśvara uvāca| prātaḥkāle muhūrtāṁstrīnsaṁgavastāvadeva tu| madhyāhnastrimuhūrtaḥ syādaparāhṇastataḥ param

Ishvara said: The first three muhurtas of the morning are called sangava; the middle three muhurtas make up midday, and after that comes the afternoon.

Verse 5 (skanda.7.205.5)

सायाह्नस्त्रिमुहूर्तः स्याच्छ्राद्धं तत्र न कारयेत्। राक्षसीनाम सा वेला गर्हिता सर्वकर्मसु

sāyāhnastrimuhūrtaḥ syācchrāddhaṁ tatra na kārayet| rākṣasīnāma sā velā garhitā sarvakarmasu

The evening likewise has three muhurtas; shraddha should not be performed then, for that hour is called rakshasi and is condemned for all rites.

Verse 6 (skanda.7.205.6)

अह्नो मुहूर्ता विख्याता दशपंच च सर्वदा। तत्राष्टमो मुहूर्तो यः स कालः कुतपः स्मृतः

ahno muhūrtā vikhyātā daśapaṁca ca sarvadā| tatrāṣṭamo muhūrto yaḥ sa kālaḥ kutapaḥ smṛtaḥ

The day is always known to have fifteen muhurtas; among them, the eighth muhurta is called the kutapa period.

Verse 7 (skanda.7.205.7)

मध्याह्ने सर्वदा यस्मान्मन्दीभवति भास्करः। तस्मादनन्तफलदस्तदारम्भो भविष्यति

madhyāhne sarvadā yasmānmandībhavati bhāskaraḥ| tasmādanantaphaladastadārambho bhaviṣyati

Since the sun always grows mild at midday, an act begun at that hour yields boundless fruit.

Verse 8 (skanda.7.205.8)

मध्याह्नः खड्गपात्रं तु तथान्ये कालकम्बलाः। रूप्यं दर्भांस्तिला गावो दौहित्रश्चाष्टमः स्मृतः

madhyāhnaḥ khaḍgapātraṁ tu tathānye kālakambalāḥ| rūpyaṁ darbhāṁstilā gāvo dauhitraścāṣṭamaḥ smṛtaḥ

Midday, the horn-vessel, black woolen blankets, silver, kusha grass, sesame, cows, and the daughter's son — these are reckoned the eight kutapas.

Verse 9 (skanda.7.205.9)

पापं कुत्सितमित्याहुस्तस्य सन्तापकारिणः। अष्ट चैवं मतास्तस्मात्कुतपा इति विश्रुताः

pāpaṁ kutsitamityāhustasya santāpakāriṇaḥ| aṣṭa caivaṁ matāstasmātkutapā iti viśrutāḥ

'Kutsita' is said to mean sin, and these eight are held to scorch away that sin; hence they are renowned by the name kutapa.

Verse 10 (skanda.7.205.10)

ऊर्ध्वं मुहूर्तात्कुतपाद्यन्मुहूर्तचतुष्टयम्। मुहूर्तपञ्चकं चैव स्वधाभवनमिष्यते

ūrdhvaṁ muhūrtātkutapādyanmuhūrtacatuṣṭayam| muhūrtapaṁcakaṁ caiva svadhābhavanamiṣyate

The four muhurtas, and likewise the five muhurtas, following the kutapa hour, are held to be fitting times for the offering of svadha to the ancestors.

Verse 11 (skanda.7.205.11)

विष्णोर्देहसमुद्भूताः कुशाः कृष्णास्तिलास्तथा। श्राद्धस्य रक्षणार्थाय एतत्प्राहुर्दिवौकसः

viṣṇordehasamudbhūtāḥ kuśāḥ kṛṣṇāstilāstathā| śrāddhasya rakṣaṇārthāya etatprāhurdivaukasaḥ

Kusha grass and black sesame arose from the body of Vishnu; the gods declared these to be for the protection of the shraddha rite.

Verse 12 (skanda.7.205.12)

तिलोदकाञ्जलिर्देयो जलस्थैस्तीर्थवासिभिः। सदर्भहस्तेनैकेन श्राद्धसेवनमिष्यते

tilodakāñjalirdeyo jalasthaistīrthavāsibhiḥ| sadarbhahastenaikena śrāddhasevanamiṣyate

Standing in the water, one should offer to the tirtha-dwellers a handful of water mixed with sesame; the practice of shraddha is enjoined with kusha grass held in one hand.

Verse 13 (skanda.7.205.13)

त्रीणि श्राद्धे पवित्राणि दौहित्रः कुतपस्तिलाः। त्रीणि चात्र प्रशंसंति शुद्धिमक्रोधमत्वराम्

trīṇi śrāddhe pavitrāṇi dauhitraḥ kutapastilāḥ| trīṇi cātra praśaṁsaṁti śuddhimakrodhamatvarām

Three things are held sacred in shraddha: the daughter's son, the kutapa hour, and sesame; and here three qualities are praised: purity, freedom from anger, and freedom from haste.

Verse 14 (skanda.7.205.14)

दौहित्रं खड्गमित्युक्तं ललाटे शृङ्गमस्ति यत्। तस्य शृंगस्य यत्पात्रं तद्दौहित्रमिति स्मृतम्

dauhitraṁ khaḍgamityuktaṁ lalāṭe śṛṅgamasti yat| tasya śṛṁgasya yatpātraṁ taddauhitramiti smṛtam

'Dauhitra' is also said to mean 'khadga', the horn upon the animal's forehead; the vessel made from that horn is called dauhitra.

Verse 15 (skanda.7.205.15)

क्षीरिणी वापि चित्रा गौस्तत्क्षीरायद्घृतं भवेत्। तद्दौहित्रमिति प्रोक्तं दैवे पित्र्ये च कर्मणि

kṣīriṇī vāpi citrā gaustatkṣīrāyadghṛtaṁ bhavet| taddauhitramiti proktaṁ daive pitrye ca karmaṇi

Or else the ghee made from the milk of a dappled, milk-giving cow is likewise called dauhitra, used in both divine and ancestral rites.

Verse 16 (skanda.7.205.16)

दर्भाग्रं दैवमित्युक्तं समूलाग्रं तु पैतृकम्। तत्रावलंबिनो ये तु कुशास्ते कुतपाः स्मृताः

darbhāgraṁ daivamityuktaṁ samūlāgraṁ tu paitṛkam| tatrāvalaṁbino ye tu kuśāste kutapāḥ smṛtāḥ

The tip of the kusha blade is prescribed for divine rites, and the tip together with the root for ancestral rites; the kusha blades that hang loose from the hand are termed kutapa.

Verse 17 (skanda.7.205.17)

शरीरद्रव्यदाराभूमनोमंत्रद्विजन्मनाम्। शुद्धिः सप्तसु विज्ञेया श्राद्धकाले विशेषतः

śarīradravyadārābhūmanomaṁtradvijanmanām| śuddhiḥ saptasu vijñeyā śrāddhakāle viśeṣataḥ

At the time of shraddha, the twice-born should know that purity is to be understood in seven respects: of body, of wealth, of wife, of ground, of mind, of mantra, and of one's own twice-born status.

Verse 18 (skanda.7.205.18)

सप्तधा द्रव्यशुद्धिस्तु सोत्तमा मध्यमाऽधमा

saptadhā dravyaśuddhistu sottamā madhyamā'dhamā

The purity of wealth is likewise sevenfold, and is graded as best, middling, or lowest.

Verse 19 (skanda.7.205.19)

श्रुतं शौर्यं तपः कन्या शिष्याद्यं चान्वयागतम्। धनं सप्तविधं शुक्लमुपायोप्यस्य तादृशः

śrutaṁ śauryaṁ tapaḥ kanyā śiṣyādyaṁ cānvayāgatam| dhanaṁ saptavidhaṁ śuklamupāyopyasya tādṛśaḥ

Wealth gained through learning, valor, austerity, giving a daughter in marriage, teaching pupils, and that inherited through family lineage — such sevenfold wealth is called shukla, pure; and the means of acquiring it must likewise be pure.

Verse 20 (skanda.7.205.20)

कुत्सितं कृषिवाणिज्यं शुक्लं शिल्पानुवृत्तिभिः। कृतोपकारादाप्तं च शंबलं समुदाहृतम्

kutsitaṁ kṛṣivāṇijyaṁ śuklaṁ śilpānuvṛttibhiḥ| kṛtopakārādāptaṁ ca śaṁbalaṁ samudāhṛtam

Wealth gained by farming and trade is deemed disreputable, while that gained through the practice of craft is pure; and what is received in return for a service rendered is termed shambala.

Verse 21 (skanda.7.205.21)

उत्कोचतश्च यत्प्राप्तं यत्प्राप्तं चैव साहसात्। व्याजेनोपार्जितं यच्च तत्कृष्णं समुदाहृतम्

utkocataśca yatprāptaṁ yatprāptaṁ caiva sāhasāt| vyājenopārjitaṁ yacca tatkṛṣṇaṁ samudāhṛtam

Whatever is gained through bribery, whatever is obtained by violence, and whatever is acquired through deceit — all this is termed 'black' wealth.

Verse 22 (skanda.7.205.22)

अन्यायोपार्जितैर्द्रव्यैर्यच्छ्राद्धं क्रियते नरैः। तृप्यंति तेन चण्डालाः पुष्कसाद्यासु योनिषु

anyāyopārjitairdravyairyacchrāddhaṁ kriyate naraiḥ| tṛpyaṁti tena caṇḍālāḥ puṣkasādyāsu yoniṣu

The shraddha performed by men with wealth unjustly acquired satisfies only those ancestors born in low wombs such as chandalas and pukkasas.

Verse 23 (skanda.7.205.23)

अन्नप्रकिरणं यत्तु मनुष्यैः क्रियते भुवि। तेन तृप्तिमुपायांति ये पिशाचत्वमागताः

annaprakiraṇaṁ yattu manuṣyaiḥ kriyate bhuvi| tena tṛptimupāyāṁti ye piśācatvamāgatāḥ

The grain that men scatter upon the ground brings satisfaction to those ancestors who have attained the state of pishachas.

Verse 24 (skanda.7.205.24)

यत्पयः स्नानवस्त्रोत्थं भूमौ पतति पुत्रक। तेन ये तरुतां प्राप्तास्तेषांतृप्तिः प्रजायते

yatpayaḥ snānavastrotthaṁ bhūmau patati putraka| tena ye tarutāṁ prāptāsteṣāṁtṛptiḥ prajāyate

O child, the water that drips onto the ground from wet bathing garments brings satisfaction to those ancestors who have taken birth as trees.

Verse 25 (skanda.7.205.25)

यास्तु गंधांबुकणिकाः पतंति धरणीतले। ताभिराप्यायनं तेषां ये देवत्वमुपागताः

yāstu gaṁdhāṁbukaṇikāḥ pataṁti dharaṇītale| tābhirāpyāyanaṁ teṣāṁ ye devatvamupāgatāḥ

The droplets of scented water that fall to the earth's surface nourish those ancestors who have attained divinity.

Verse 26 (skanda.7.205.26)

उद्धृतेष्वपि पिण्डेषु याश्चान्नकणिका भुवि। ताभिराप्यायनं तेषां तिर्यक्त्वं च कुले गताः

uddhṛteṣvapi piṇḍeṣu yāścānnakaṇikā bhuvi| tābhirāpyāyanaṁ teṣāṁ tiryaktvaṁ ca kule gatāḥ

Even after the rice-balls have been lifted, the grains of food remaining on the ground satisfy those ancestors who, within their own lineage, have been born as animals.

Verse 27 (skanda.7.205.27)

ये चादग्धाः कुले बालाः स्त्रियो याश्चाप्यसंस्कृताः। विपन्नास्ते तु विकिरसंमार्जनसुलालसाः

ye cādagdhāḥ kule bālāḥ striyo yāścāpyasaṁskṛtāḥ| vipannāste tu vikirasaṁmārjanasulālasāḥ

Those children in the lineage who died without cremation rites, and women who died without proper rites — such departed ones eagerly long for satisfaction from the scattered grains and the sweepings.

Verse 28 (skanda.7.205.28)

भुक्त्वा वा भ्रमते यच्च जलं यच्चाह्नि सेवते। ब्राह्मणानां तथान्नेन तेन तृप्तिं प्रयांति ते

bhuktvā vā bhramate yacca jalaṁ yaccāhni sevate| brāhmaṇānāṁ tathānnena tena tṛptiṁ prayāṁti te

By the water that spills about after eating, and by the water and food partaken by the brahmins during the day, those remaining ancestors likewise attain satisfaction.

Verse 29 (skanda.7.205.29)

पिशाचत्वमनुप्राप्ताः कृमिकीटत्वमेव ये। अथ कालान्प्रवक्ष्यामि कथ्यमानान्निबोध मे

piśācatvamanuprāptāḥ kṛmikīṭatvameva ye| atha kālānpravakṣyāmi kathyamānānnibodha me

So too are satisfied those who have become pishachas or worms and insects. Now I shall tell of the proper times for shraddha; understand what I am about to declare.

Verse 30 (skanda.7.205.30)

श्राद्धं कार्यममावास्यां मासिमासींदुसंक्षये। तथाष्टकासु विप्राप्तौ सूर्येन्दुग्रहणे तथा

śrāddhaṁ kāryamamāvāsyāṁ māsimāsīndusaṁkṣaye| tathāṣṭakāsu viprāptau sūryendugrahaṇe tathā

Shraddha should be performed on the new-moon day, month after month at the waning of the moon, on the ashtaka days when brahmins are available, and likewise at a solar or lunar eclipse.

Verse 31 (skanda.7.205.31)

अयने विषुवे युग्मे सामान्ये चार्कसंक्रमे। अमावास्याष्टकायां च कृष्णपक्षे विशेषतः

ayane viṣuve yugme sāmānye cārkasaṁkrame| amāvāsyāṣṭakāyāṁ ca kṛṣṇapakṣe viśeṣataḥ

At the solstice, at the equinox, on even-numbered days, and on an ordinary solar transit, and especially at the new moon and the ashtaka day in the dark fortnight — shraddha should be performed.

Verse 32 (skanda.7.205.32)

आर्द्रामघारोहिणीषु द्रव्यब्राह्मणसंगमे। गजच्छायाव्यतीपाते विष्टिवैधृतिवासरे

ārdrāmaghārohiṇīṣu dravyabrāhmaṇasaṁgame| gajacchāyāvyatīpāte viṣṭivaidhṛtivāsare

During the nakshatras Ardra, Magha, and Rohini, when materials and a fit brahmin come together, on the day of gajachhaya, during the vyatipata yoga, and on days of vishti or vaidhriti — shraddha is likewise prescribed.

Verse 33 (skanda.7.205.33)

वैशाखस्य तृतीयायां नवम्यां कार्त्तिकस्य च। पंचदश्यां तु माघस्य नभस्ये च त्रयोदशी

vaiśākhasya tṛtīyāyāṁ navamyāṁ kārttikasya ca| paṁcadaśyāṁ tu māghasya nabhasye ca trayodaśī

On the third day of Vaishakha, the ninth of Kartika, the fifteenth of Magha, and the thirteenth of the month of Nabhasya (Bhadrapada) — these are the days for shraddha.

Verse 34 (skanda.7.205.34)

युगादयः स्मृता एता दत्तस्याक्षयकारिकाः

yugādayaḥ smṛtā etā dattasyākṣayakārikāḥ

These are known as the yugadi days, which render whatever is given imperishable.

Verse 35 (skanda.7.205.35)

यस्य मन्वन्तरस्यादौ रथारूढो दिवाकरः। माघमासस्य सप्तम्यां सा तु स्याद्रथसप्तमी

yasya manvantarasyādau rathārūḍho divākaraḥ| māghamāsasya saptamyāṁ sā tu syādrathasaptamī

The seventh day of the month of Magha, on which at the beginning of a manvantara the sun mounted his chariot, is known as Rathasaptami.

Verse 36 (skanda.7.205.36)

वैशाखस्य तृतीयायां कृष्णायां फाल्गुनस्य च। पंचमी चैत्रमासस्य तस्यैवान्त्या तथापरा

vaiśākhasya tṛtīyāyāṁ kṛṣṇāyāṁ phālgunasya ca| paṁcamī caitramāsasya tasyaivāntyā tathāparā

The third of Vaishakha, a dark-fortnight day of Phalguna, the fifth of Chaitra, and likewise the last day of that same month — these too are manvantara days.

Verse 37 (skanda.7.205.37)

शुक्लत्रयोदशी माघे कार्त्तिकस्य च सप्तमी। कार्त्तिकी फाल्गुनी चैत्री ज्यैष्ठी पञ्चदशीति च। मन्वन्तराः स्मृता ह्येता दत्तस्याक्षयकारिकाः

śuklatrayodaśī māghe kārttikasya ca saptamī| kārttikī phālgunī caitrī jyaiṣṭhī paṁcadaśīti ca| manvantarāḥ smṛtā hyetā dattasyākṣayakārikāḥ

The thirteenth of the bright fortnight of Magha, the seventh of Kartika, and the full-moon days of Kartika, Phalguna, Chaitra, and Jyeshtha — these are remembered as manvantara days, which make whatever is given imperishable.

Verse 38 (skanda.7.205.38)

श्रावणस्याष्टमी कृष्णा तथाषाढी च पूर्णिमा। कार्त्तिकी फाल्गुनी चैत्री ज्यैष्ठी पञ्चदशी तिथिः

śrāvaṇasyāṣṭamī kṛṣṇā tathāṣāḍhī ca pūrṇimā| kārttikī phālgunī caitrī jyaiṣṭhī paṁcadaśī tithiḥ

The eighth day of the dark fortnight of Shravana, the full moon of Ashadha, and the full-moon tithi of Kartika, Phalguna, Chaitra, and Jyeshtha —

Verse 39 (skanda.7.205.39)

मन्वादयः स्मृताश्चैता दत्तस्याक्षयकारिकाः। नवमी मार्गशीर्षस्य सप्तैताः संस्मराम्यहम्

manvādayaḥ smṛtāścaitā dattasyākṣayakārikāḥ| navamī mārgaśīrṣasya saptaitāḥ saṁsmarāmyaham

These are known as the manvadi days, which render a gift imperishable, along with the ninth of Margashirsha — these seven I now call to mind.

Verse 40 (skanda.7.205.40)

कल्पनामादयो देवि दत्तस्याक्षयकारिकाः। तथा मन्वन्तरस्यादौ द्वादशैव वरानने

kalpanāmādayo devi dattasyākṣayakārikāḥ| tathā manvantarasyādau dvādaśaiva varānane

O Goddess, these kalpadi days too render a gift imperishable; and O fair-faced one, likewise at the start of each manvantara there are exactly twelve such days.

Verse 41 (skanda.7.205.41)

नित्यं नैमित्तिकं काम्यं वृद्धिश्राद्धं सपिण्डकम्। पार्वणं चातिविज्ञानं गोष्ठं शुद्ध्यर्थमुत्तमम्

nityaṁ naimittikaṁ kāmyaṁ vṛddhiśrāddhaṁ sapiṇḍakam| pārvaṇaṁ cātivijñānaṁ goṣṭhaṁ śuddhyarthamuttamam

Nitya, naimittika, kamya, vriddhi-shraddha, sapindana, parvana — which should be specially understood — goshthi, and the excellent shuddhi-artha shraddha.

Verse 42 (skanda.7.205.42)

कर्मांगं नवमं प्रोक्तं दैवकं दशमं स्मृतम्। एकादशं क्षयाहं तु पुष्ट्यर्थे द्वादशं स्मृतम्

karmāṁgaṁ navamaṁ proktaṁ daivakaṁ daśamaṁ smṛtam| ekādaśaṁ kṣayāhaṁ tu puṣṭyarthe dvādaśaṁ smṛtam

Karmanga shraddha is declared the ninth, daivika shraddha is reckoned the tenth, kshayaha is the eleventh, and pushtyartha shraddha is called the twelfth.

Verse 43 (skanda.7.205.43)

सर्वेषामेव श्राद्धानां श्रेष्ठं सांवत्सरं स्मृतम्। अहन्यहनि यच्छ्राद्धं नित्यं तत्परिकीर्तितम्

sarveṣāmeva śrāddhānāṁ śreṣṭhaṁ sāṁvatsaraṁ smṛtam| ahanyahani yacchrāddhaṁ nityaṁ tatparikīrtitam

Of all shraddhas, the annual one is held to be the best. That shraddha which is performed every single day is called nitya, the daily rite.

Verse 44 (skanda.7.205.44)

वैश्वदेवविहीनं तु अशक्तावुदकेन तु। एकोद्दिष्टं तु यच्छ्राद्धं तन्नैमित्तिकमुच्यते

vaiśvadevavihīnaṁ tu aśaktāvudakena tu| ekoddiṣṭaṁ tu yacchrāddhaṁ tannaimittikamucyate

That shraddha performed for a single ancestor (ekoddishta), without the vaishvadeva rite, and, in case of inability, with water alone, is called naimittika, the occasional shraddha.

Verse 45 (skanda.7.205.45)

कामेन विहितं काम्यमभिप्रेतार्थसिद्धये। वृद्धौ यत्क्रियते श्राद्धं वृद्धिश्राद्धं तदुच्यते

kāmena vihitaṁ kāmyamabhipretārthasiddhaye| vṛddhau yatkriyate śrāddhaṁ vṛddhiśrāddhaṁ taducyate

That shraddha performed out of desire, for the accomplishment of some particular wish, is called kamya; and that performed on an occasion of increase or celebration is called vriddhi-shraddha.

Verse 46 (skanda.7.205.46)

ये समाना इति द्वाभ्यामेतच्छ्राद्धं सपिण्डनम्। अमावास्यां तु यच्छ्राद्धं तत्पार्वणमुदाहृतम्

ye samānā iti dvābhyāmetacchrāddhaṁ sapiṇḍanam| amāvāsyāṁ tu yacchrāddhaṁ tatpārvaṇamudāhṛtam

That shraddha performed with the two verses beginning 'ye samanah' is sapindana; and that shraddha performed on the new-moon day is declared to be parvana.

Verse 47 (skanda.7.205.47)

गोष्ठ्यां यत्क्रियते श्राद्धं तद्गोष्ठीश्राद्धमुच्यते। क्रियते पापशुद्ध्यर्थं शुद्धिश्राद्धं तदुच्यते

goṣṭhyāṁ yatkriyate śrāddhaṁ tadgoṣṭhīśrāddhamucyate| kriyate pāpaśuddhyarthaṁ śuddhiśrāddhaṁ taducyate

That shraddha performed in an assembly of kinsmen is called goshthi-shraddha; and that performed for the purification of sin is called shuddhi-shraddha.

Verse 48 (skanda.7.205.48)

निषेककाले सोमे च सीमन्तोन्नयने तथा। तथा पुंसवने चैव श्राद्धं कर्मांगमेव च

niṣekakāle some ca sīmantonnayane tathā| tathā puṁsavane caiva śrāddhaṁ karmāṁgameva ca

The shraddha performed at the time of conception, at the soma rite, at simantonnayana, and likewise at pumsavana, is indeed the karmanga shraddha, performed as an auxiliary of a sacrament.

Verse 49 (skanda.7.205.49)

देवमुद्दिश्य क्रियते यत्तद्दैवकमुच्यते। गच्छेद्देशान्तरं यस्तु श्राद्धं कार्यं तु सर्पिषा

devamuddiśya kriyate yattaddaivakamucyate| gaccheddeśāntaraṁ yastu śrāddhaṁ kāryaṁ tu sarpiṣā

That shraddha performed with a deity as its object is called daivika; and one who is about to travel to another land should perform shraddha with ghee.

Verse 50 (skanda.7.205.50)

पुष्ट्यर्थमेतद्विज्ञेयं क्षयाहं द्वादशं स्मृतम्। मृतेऽहनि पितुर्यस्तु न कुर्याच्छ्राद्धमादरात्

puṣṭyarthametadvijñeyaṁ kṣayāhaṁ dvādaśaṁ smṛtam| mṛte'hani pituryastu na kuryācchrāddhamādarāt

This is to be known as the pushtyartha shraddha, and the twelfth is called kshayaha. That son who fails to perform shraddha with reverence on the anniversary of his father's death—

Verse 51 (skanda.7.205.51)

मातुश्चैव वरारोहे वत्सरान्ते मृतेऽहनि। नाहं तस्य महादेवि पूजां गृह्णामि नो हरिः

mātuścaiva varārohe vatsarānte mṛte'hani| nāhaṁ tasya mahādevi pūjāṁ gṛhṇāmi no hariḥ

or on the death anniversary of his mother at the year's end, O fair one — O great Goddess, neither I nor Hari accept that man's worship.

Verse 52 (skanda.7.205.52)

मृताहर्यो न जानाति मानवो यदि वा क्वचित्। तेन कार्यममावास्यां श्राद्धं माघेऽथ मार्गके

mṛtāharyo na jānāti mānavo yadi vā kvacit| tena kāryamamāvāsyāṁ śrāddhaṁ māghe'tha mārgake

If a person does not know the exact date of death at all, then he should perform the shraddha on the new-moon day of Magha or of Margashirsha.

Verse 53 (skanda.7.205.53)

अथ विप्रान्प्रवक्ष्यामि श्राद्धे ये केचन क्षमाः। विशिष्टः श्रोत्रियो योगी वेदविद्यासमन्वितः

atha viprānpravakṣyāmi śrāddhe ye kecana kṣamāḥ| viśiṣṭaḥ śrotriyo yogī vedavidyāsamanvitaḥ

Now I shall describe which brahmins are fit for shraddha: one distinguished as a shrotriya, a yogi, and one endowed with knowledge of the Vedas.

Verse 54 (skanda.7.205.54)

त्रिणाचिकेतस्त्रिमधुस्त्रिसुपर्णः षडंगवित्। दौहित्रकस्तु जामाता स्वस्रीयः श्वशुरस्तथा

triṇāciketastrimadhustrisuparṇaḥ ṣaḍaṁgavit| dauhitrakastu jāmātā svasrīyaḥ śvaśurastathā

One versed in the Trinachiketa, Trimadhu, and Trisuparna (Vedic sections), one who knows the six Vedangas, the daughter's son, the son-in-law, the sister's son, and the father-in-law —

Verse 55 (skanda.7.205.55)

पञ्चाग्निकर्मनिष्ठश्च तपोनिष्ठश्च मातुलः। पितृमातृपरश्चैव शिष्यसंबंधिबांधवः

paṁcāgnikarmaniṣṭhaśca taponiṣṭhaśca mātulaḥ| pitṛmātṛparaścaiva śiṣyasaṁbandhibāṁdhavaḥ

One devoted to the panchagni rite, a maternal uncle devoted to austerity, one devoted to father and mother, a pupil, a relative, or a kinsman —

Verse 56 (skanda.7.205.56)

वेदार्थवित्प्रवक्ता च ब्रह्मचारी सहस्रदः। संबंधिनं तथा संतं दौहित्रं दुहितुः पतिम्

vedārthavitpravaktā ca brahmacārī sahasradaḥ| saṁbandhinaṁ tathā saṁtaṁ dauhitraṁ duhituḥ patim

One who knows and expounds the meaning of the Veda, a celibate student, a giver of a thousand gifts, and a virtuous relative, the daughter's son, and the daughter's husband —

Verse 57 (skanda.7.205.57)

भागिनेयं विशेषेण तथा बन्धुगणानपि। नातिक्रमेन्नरस्त्वेतान्मूर्खानपि वरानने

bhāgineyaṁ viśeṣeṇa tathā bandhugaṇānapi| nātikramennarastvetānmūrkhānapi varānane

and especially the sister's son, along with other kinsmen — O fair-faced one, a man should not pass over these, even if they are unlearned.

Verse 58 (skanda.7.205.58)

न ब्राह्मणान्परीक्षेत देवकर्मण्युपस्थिते। पैत्रकर्मणि संप्राप्ते परीक्षेत प्रयत्नतः

na brāhmaṇānparīkṣeta devakarmaṇyupasthite| paitrakarmaṇi saṁprāpte parīkṣeta prayatnataḥ

One should not scrutinize brahmins when a rite for the gods is at hand; but when a rite for the ancestors arrives, one should examine them carefully.

Verse 59 (skanda.7.205.59)

ये स्तेनाः पतिताः क्लीबा ये च नास्तिकवृत्तयः। तान्हव्यकव्ययोर्विप्राननर्हान्मनुरब्रवीत्

ye stenāḥ patitāḥ klībā ye ca nāstikavṛttayaḥ| tānhavyakavyayorviprānanarhānmanurabravīt

Thieves, the fallen, eunuchs, and those of atheistic disposition — Manu declared such brahmins unfit for both havya and kavya, offerings to gods and ancestors.

Verse 60 (skanda.7.205.60)

जटिलं चानधीयानं दुर्बलं कितवं तथा। याजयंति च ये शूद्रांस्तांश्च श्राद्धे न पूजयेत्

jaṭilaṁ cānadhīyānaṁ durbalaṁ kitavaṁ tathā| yājayaṁti ca ye śūdrāṁstāṁśca śrāddhe na pūjayet

One who wears matted locks without Vedic study, the morally weak, the gambler, and those who officiate as priests for shudras — such men should not be honored at a shraddha.

Verse 61 (skanda.7.205.61)

चिकित्सकान्देवलकान्मांसविक्रयिणस्तथा। विपणैः पीरजीवंतो वर्ज्याः स्युर्हव्यकव्ययोः

cikitsakāndevalakānmāṁsavikrayiṇastathā| vipaṇaiḥ pīrajīvaṁto varjyāḥ syurhavyakavyayoḥ

Physicians, temple-priests who serve idols for a livelihood, sellers of meat, and those who live by shopkeeping — all these are to be excluded from both havya and kavya.

Verse 62 (skanda.7.205.62)

प्रेष्यो ग्राम्यश्च राज्ञश्च कुनखी श्यावदंतकः। प्रतिरोद्धा गुरोश्चैव त्यक्ताग्निर्वार्धुषिस्तथा

preṣyo grāmyaśca rājñaśca kunakhī śyāvadaṁtakaḥ| pratirodhā guroścaiva tyaktāgnirvārdhuṣistathā

A king's servant, a village priest, one with deformed nails, one with blackened teeth, one who opposes his teacher, one who has abandoned the sacred fire, and a usurer —

Verse 63 (skanda.7.205.63)

यक्ष्मी च पशुपालश्च परिवेत्ता निराकृतिः। ब्रह्मध्रुक्परिवित्तिश्च गणाभ्यन्तर एव च

yakṣmī ca paśupālaśca parivettā nirākṛtiḥ| brahmadhrukparivittiśca gaṇābhyaṁtara eva ca

One afflicted with consumption, a cowherd, a younger brother who marries before his elder (parivetta), one of deformed appearance, one hostile to sacred learning, an elder brother whose younger married first (parivitti), and one belonging to a guild —

Verse 64 (skanda.7.205.64)

कुशीलश्चैव काणश्च वृषलीपतिरेव च। पौनर्भवश्च कानीनः कितवो मद्यपस्तथा

kuśīlaścaiva kāṇaśca vṛṣalīpatireva ca| paunarbhavaśca kānīnaḥ kitavo madyapastathā

One of bad conduct, a one-eyed man, the husband of a shudra woman, the son of a remarried widow, one born of an unmarried girl, a gambler, and a drunkard —

Verse 65 (skanda.7.205.65)

पापरोग्यभिशस्तश्च दांभिको रसविक्रयी। धनुःशराणां कर्त्ता च यश्च स्याद्दिधिषूपतिः

pāparogyabhiśastaśca dāṁbhiko rasavikrayī| dhanuḥśarāṇāṁ karttā ca yaśca syāddidhiṣūpatiḥ

One suffering from a sinful disease, one under accusation, a hypocrite, a seller of extracts and oils, a maker of bows and arrows, and one who is a didhishupati (husband of a younger sister married before the elder) —

Verse 66 (skanda.7.205.66)

मित्रध्रुड्दूतवृत्तिश्च पुत्राचार्यस्तथैव च। भ्रमरी मण्डपाली च चित्रांगः पिशुनस्तथा

mitradhruḍdūtavṛttiśca putrācāryastathaiva ca| bhramarī maṇḍapālī ca citrāṁgaḥ piśunastathā

One who betrays a friend, one who lives by acting as a messenger, a teacher who instructs his own son as pupil, a wanderer, one who lives by building pavilions, one with a tattooed body, and a slanderer —

Verse 67 (skanda.7.205.67)

उन्मत्तोंऽधश्च बधिरो वेदनिन्दक एव च। हयगोऽश्वोष्ट्रदमको नक्षत्रैर्यश्च जीवति

unmatto'ndhaśca badhiro vedanindaka eva ca| hayago'śvoṣṭradamako nakṣatrairyaśca jīvati

One who is deranged, blind, deaf, a reviler of the Vedas, a trainer of horses, cattle, and camels, and one who lives by reading the stars —

Verse 68 (skanda.7.205.68)

पक्षिणां पोषको यश्च युद्धाचार्यस्तथैव च। स्रोतःसंभेदको यश्च वेश्यानां पोषणे रतः

pakṣiṇāṁ poṣako yaśca yuddhācāryastathaiva ca| srotaḥsaṁbhedako yaśca veśyānāṁ poṣaṇe rataḥ

A keeper of birds, a teacher of warfare, one who diverts a watercourse, and one devoted to maintaining courtesans —

Verse 69 (skanda.7.205.69)

गृहसंवेशको दूतः कृष्यारोपक एव च। आखेटी श्येनजीवी च कन्यादूषक एव च

gṛhasaṁveśako dūtaḥ kṛṣyāropaka eva ca| ākheṭī śyenajīvī ca kanyādūṣaka eva ca

A house-builder, a messenger, an overseer of cultivation, a hunter, one who lives by falconry, and a defiler of maidens —

Verse 70 (skanda.7.205.70)

हिंस्रो वृषलपुत्रश्च गणानां चैव याजकः। आचारहीनः क्लीबश्च नित्ययाजनकस्तथा

hiṁsro vṛṣalaputraśca gaṇānāṁ caiva yājakaḥ| ācārahīnaḥ klībaśca nityayājanakastathā

A violent man, the son of a shudra woman, a priest who officiates for corporate groups, one devoid of proper conduct, a eunuch, and one who performs sacrifices for others daily —

Verse 71 (skanda.7.205.71)

कृषिजीवी श्लीपदी च सद्भिर्निन्दित एव च। औरभ्रिको माहिषिकः परपूर्वापतिस्तथा। प्रेतनिर्यातकाश्चैव वर्जनीयाः प्रयत्नतः

kṛṣijīvī ślīpadī ca sadbhirnindita eva ca| aurabhriko māhiṣikaḥ parapūrvāpatistathā| pretaniryātakāścaiva varjanīyāḥ prayatnataḥ

One who lives by farming, one afflicted with elephantiasis, one censured by the virtuous, a shepherd, a buffalo-keeper, and the husband of a woman previously enjoyed by another — and also those hired to perform funeral rites for the dead — all these should be carefully avoided.

Verse 72 (skanda.7.205.72)

एतान्वै गर्हिताचारानपांक्तेयान्द्विजाधमान्। द्विजानां सति लाभे तू भयत्रैव विवर्जयेत्

etānvai garhitācārānapāṁkteyāndvijādhamān| dvijānāṁ sati lābhe tūbhayatraiva vivarjayet

One should avoid, in both rites alike, these lowest of the twice-born, of censured conduct and unfit to sit in a dining row, whenever other brahmins are available.

Verse 73 (skanda.7.205.73)

वीक्षांधो वैकतः काणः कुष्ठी च वृषलीपतिः। पापरोगी सहस्रस्य दातुर्नाशयते फलम्

vīkṣāṁdho vaikataḥ kāṇaḥ kuṣṭhī ca vṛṣalīpatiḥ| pāparogī sahasrasya dāturnāśayate phalam

One blind in sight, one afflicted with a defective eye, a one-eyed man, a leper, and the husband of a shudra woman — such a brahmin, diseased through sin, destroys the merit of a thousand gifts given by the donor.

Verse 74 (skanda.7.205.74)

यावद्भिः संस्पृशत्यङ्गैर्ब्राह्मणाञ्छूद्रयाजकः। तावतां न भवेत्प्रेत्य दातुर्वा तस्य पैत्रिकम्

yāvadbhiḥ saṁspṛśatyaṁgairbrāhmaṇāñchūdrayājakaḥ| tāvatāṁ na bhavetpretya dāturvā tasya paitrikam

With however many limbs a brahmin who officiates for shudras touches the brahmins present, by that many parts is destroyed the ancestral merit of the donor, and of that brahmin himself, in the world beyond.

Verse 75 (skanda.7.205.75)

आदौ माहिषकं दृष्ट्वा मध्ये च वृषलीपतिम्। अन्ते वार्धुषिकं दृष्ट्वा निराशाः पितरो गताः

ādau māhiṣakaṁ dṛṣṭvā madhye ca vṛṣalīpatim| ante vārdhuṣikaṁ dṛṣṭvā nirāśāḥ pitaro gatāḥ

Seeing a mahishika at the start, the husband of a shudra woman in the middle, and a usurer at the end, the ancestors turn away in disappointment.

Verse 76 (skanda.7.205.76)

महिषी प्रोच्यते भार्या सा वैधव्येऽभिचारिणी। तस्यां यः क्षपते दोषां स वै माहिषिकः स्मृतः

mahiṣī procyate bhāryā sā vaidhavye'bhicāriṇī| tasyāṁ yaḥ kṣapate doṣāṁ sa vai māhiṣikaḥ smṛtaḥ

A wife who, even in widowhood, indulges in unchastity is called a mahishi; the man who spends the night with her is known as a mahishika.

Verse 77 (skanda.7.205.77)

वृषलीत्युच्यते शूद्री तस्या यश्च पतिर्भवेत्। तदोष्ठलालासंसर्गात्पतितो वृषलीपतिः

vṛṣalītyucyate śūdrī tasyā yaśca patirbhavet| tadoṣṭhalālāsaṁsargātpatito vṛṣalīpatiḥ

A shudra woman is called vrishali; whoever becomes her husband falls, through contact with the saliva of her lips, and is called a vrishalipati.

Verse 78 (skanda.7.205.78)

स्वं वृषं तु परित्यक्त्वा परेण तु वृषायते। वृषली सा तु विज्ञेया न शूद्री वृषली भवेत्

svaṁ vṛṣaṁ tu parityaktvā pareṇa tu vṛṣāyate| vṛṣalī sā tu vijñeyā na śūdrī vṛṣalī bhavet

A woman who abandons her own husband and behaves lustfully with another is to be understood as the true vrishali; merely being born a shudra does not make one a vrishali.

Verse 79 (skanda.7.205.79)

चण्डाली बंधकी वेश्या रजःस्था या च कन्यका। कुटिला च स्वगोत्रा च वृषल्यः सप्त कीर्तिताः

caṇḍālī baṁdhakī veśyā rajaḥsthā yā ca kanyakā| kuṭilā ca svagotrā ca vṛṣalyaḥ sapta kīrtitāḥ

A chandala woman, a harlot, a courtesan, a menstruating maiden, a crooked woman, and one married within her own gotra — these seven are declared to be vrishalis.

Verse 80 (skanda.7.205.80)

पितुर्गेहे तु या कन्या रजः पश्यत्यसंस्कृता। पतिताः पितरस्तस्याः कन्या सा वृषली भवेत्

piturgehe tu yā kanyā rajaḥ paśyatyasaṁskṛtā| patitāḥ pitarastasyāḥ kanyā sā vṛṣalī bhavet

A girl who, still unmarried, begins to menstruate in her father's house — her ancestors fall from grace, and that girl becomes a vrishali.

Verse 81 (skanda.7.205.81)

यस्तु तां वरयेत्कन्यां ब्राह्मणो ज्ञानपूर्वतः। अश्राद्धेयमपांक्तेयं तं विद्याद्वृषलीपतिम्

yastu tāṁ varayetkanyāṁ brāhmaṇo jñānapūrvataḥ| aśrāddheyamapāṁkteyaṁ taṁ vidyādvṛṣalīpatim

Whatever brahmin knowingly marries such a girl should be known as unfit for shraddha, unfit to sit in a dining row, and a vrishalipati.

Verse 82 (skanda.7.205.82)

गौरी कन्या प्रधाना वै मध्यमा कन्यका मता। रोहिणी तत्समा ज्ञेया अधमा च रजस्वला

gaurī kanyā pradhānā vai madhyamā kanyakā matā| rohiṇī tatsamā jñeyā adhamā ca rajasvalā

A gauri maiden is held to be the best; a kanyaka, an ordinary maiden, is considered middling; a rohini is to be known as equal to her; and a menstruating girl is the lowest.

Verse 83 (skanda.7.205.83)

अप्राप्ते रजसि गौरी प्राप्ते रजसि रोहिणी। अव्यंजनकृता कन्या कुचहीना तु नग्निका

aprāpte rajasi gaurī prāpte rajasi rohiṇī| avyaṁjanakṛtā kanyā kucahīnā tu nagnikā

A girl who has not yet reached menses is called gauri; one who has reached menses is called rohini; a girl in whom the signs of puberty have not yet appeared, still without breasts, is called nagnika.

Verse 84 (skanda.7.205.84)

सप्तवर्षा भवेद्गौरी नववर्षा तु नग्निका। दशवर्षा भवेत्कन्या ह्यत ऊर्ध्वं रजस्वला

saptavarṣā bhavedgaurī navavarṣā tu nagnikā| daśavarṣā bhavetkanyā hyata ūrdhvaṁ rajasvalā

A girl of seven years is gauri; of nine years, nagnika; of ten years, she is called kanya; and beyond that age she becomes rajasvala, one who menstruates.

Verse 85 (skanda.7.205.85)

व्यंजनैर्हन्ति वै पुत्रान्कुलं हन्यात्पयोधरा। गतिमिष्टां तथा लोकान्हंति सा रजसा पितुः

vyaṁjanairhanti vai putrānkulaṁ hanyātpayodharā| gatimiṣṭāṁ tathā lokānhaṁti sā rajasā pituḥ

Once the marks of puberty appear, she destroys her sons; once her breasts develop, she destroys her lineage; and by her menstruation she destroys her father's desired destiny and his heavenly worlds as well.

Verse 86 (skanda.7.205.86)

य उद्वहेद्रजोयुक्तां स ज्ञेयो वृषलीपतिः

ya udvahedrajoyuktāṁ sa jñeyo vṛṣalīpatiḥ

Whoever marries a girl who has already begun to menstruate is to be known as a vrishalipati.

Verse 87 (skanda.7.205.87)

यत्करोत्येकरात्रेण वृषलीसेवनाद्द्विजः। तद्भैक्ष्यभुग्जपन्नित्यं त्रिभिर्वर्षैर्व्यपोहति

yatkarotyekarātreṇa vṛṣalīsevanāddvijaḥ| tadbhaikṣyabhugjapannityaṁ tribhirvarṣairvyapohati

The sin that a twice-born incurs from a single night's association with a vrishali, he can remove in three years by living on alms and constantly reciting mantras.