The Danava Lineages and the Birth of the Maruts

Verse 1 (vishnu.1.21.1)

श्रीपराशर उवाच । संह्लादपुत्र आयुष्माञ् शिबिर् बाष्कल एव च । विरोचनस् तु प्राह्लादिर् बलिर् जज्ञे विरोचनात्

śrīparāśara uvāca saṁhlādaputra āyuṣmāñ śibir bāṣkala eva ca virocanas tu prāhlādir balir jajñe virocanāt

Parashara said: Samhlada's sons were Ayushman, Shibi, and Bashkala; Prahlada's son was Virochana, and from Virochana was born Bali.

Verse 2 (vishnu.1.21.2)

बलेः पुत्रशतं त्व् आसीद् बाणज्येष्ठं महामुने । हिरण्याक्षसुताश् चासन् सर्व एव महाबलाः

baleḥ putraśataṁ tv āsīd bāṇajyeṣṭhaṁ mahāmune hiraṇyākṣasutāś cāsan sarva eva mahābalāḥ

O great sage, Bali had a hundred sons, with Bana the eldest; the sons of Hiranyaksha were all likewise of great might.

Verse 3 (vishnu.1.21.3)

झर्झरः शकुनिश् चैव भूतसंतापनस् तथा । महानाभो महाबाहुः कालनाभस् तथापरः

jharjharaḥ śakuniś caiva bhūtasaṁtāpanas tathā mahānābho mahābāhuḥ kālanābhas tathāparaḥ

Jharjhara, Shakuni, Bhutasantapana, Mahanabha, Mahabahu, and another, Kalanabha.

Verse 4 (vishnu.1.21.4)

अभवन् दनुपुत्राश् च द्विमूर्धा शंकरस् तथा । अयोमुखः शङ्कुशिराः कपिलः शम्बरस् तथा

abhavan danuputrāś ca dvimūrdhā śaṁkaras tathā ayomukhaḥ śaṅkuśirāḥ kapilaḥ śambaras tathā

The sons of Danu were Dvimurdha, Shankara, Ayomukha, Shankushira, Kapila, and Shambara,

Verse 5 (vishnu.1.21.5)

एकचक्रो महाबाहुस् तारकश् च महाबलः । स्वर्भानुर् वृषपर्वा च पुलोमा च महाबलः

ekacakro mahābāhus tārakaś ca mahābalaḥ svarbhānur vṛṣaparvā ca pulomā ca mahābalaḥ

Ekachakra, Mahabahu, Taraka of great might, Svarbhanu, Vrishaparvan, and Puloma of great might.

Verse 6 (vishnu.1.21.6)

एते दनोः सुताः ख्याता विप्रचित्तिश् च वीर्यवान्

ete danoḥ sutāḥ khyātā vipracittiś ca vīryavān

These are the renowned sons of Danu, and Vipracitti, of great valor.

Verse 7 (vishnu.1.21.7)

स्वर्भानोस् तु प्रभा कन्या शर्मिष्ठा वार्षपर्वणी । उपदानवी हयशिराः प्रख्याता वरकन्यकाः

svarbhānos tu prabhā kanyā śarmiṣṭhā vārṣaparvaṇī upadānavī hayaśirāḥ prakhyātā varakanyakāḥ

Svarbhanu's daughter was Prabha; the daughters of Vrishaparvan were Sharmishtha, Upadanavi, and Hayashiras — celebrated, most excellent maidens.

Verse 8 (vishnu.1.21.8)

वैश्वानरसुते चोभे पुलोमा कालका तथा । उभे ते तु महाभागे मारीचेस् तु परिग्रहः

vaiśvānarasute cobhe pulomā kālakā tathā ubhe te tu mahābhāge mārīces tu parigrahaḥ

Two daughters of Vaishvanara were Puloma and Kalaka; both these greatly blessed maidens became the wives of Marichi's son, Kashyapa.

Verse 9 (vishnu.1.21.9)

ताभ्यां पुत्रसहस्राणि षष्टिर् दानवसत्तमाः । पौलोमाः कालकेयाश् च मारीचतनयाः स्मृताः

tābhyāṁ putrasahasrāṇi ṣaṣṭir dānavasattamāḥ paulomāḥ kālakeyāś ca mārīcatanayāḥ smṛtāḥ

From them were born a thousand sons, sixty of them foremost among the Danavas, remembered as the Paulomas and Kalakeyas, sons of Marichi's line.

Verse 10 (vishnu.1.21.10)

ततोऽपरे महावीर्या दारुणास् त्व् अतिनिर्घृणाः । सिंहिकायाम् अथोत्पन्ना विप्रचित्तेः सुतास् तथा

tato 'pare mahāvīryā dāruṇās tv atinirghṛṇāḥ siṁhikāyām athotpannā vipracitteḥ sutās tathā

Then there were also the sons of Vipracitti, born to Simhika, of great valor, fierce, most merciless.

Verse 11 (vishnu.1.21.11)

त्र्यंशः शल्यश् च बलवान् नभश् चैव महाबलः । वातापिर् नमुचिश् चैव इल्वलः खसृमस् तथा

tryaṁśaḥ śalyaś ca balavān nabhaś caiva mahābalaḥ vātāpir namuciś caiva ilvalaḥ khasṛmas tathā

Tryamsha, mighty Shalya, Nabha of great strength, Vatapi, Namuchi, Ilvala, Khasrima,

Verse 12 (vishnu.1.21.12)

अन्धको नरकश् चैव कालनाभस् तथैव च । स्वर्भानुश् च महावीर्यो वक्त्रयोधी महासुरः

andhako narakaś caiva kālanābhas tathaiva ca svarbhānuś ca mahāvīryo vaktrayodhī mahāsuraḥ

Andhaka, Naraka, Kalanabha, and Svarbhanu of great valor, and the great Asura Vaktrayodhin.

Verse 13 (vishnu.1.21.13)

एते वै दानवश्रेष्ठा दनुवंशविवर्धनाः । एतेषां पुत्रपौत्राश् च शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः

ete vai dānavaśreṣṭhā danuvaṁśavivardhanāḥ eteṣāṁ putrapautrāś ca śataśo 'tha sahasraśaḥ

These are the foremost Danavas, the increasers of Danu's lineage; their sons and grandsons number in the hundreds and thousands.

Verse 14 (vishnu.1.21.14)

प्रह्लादस्य तु दैत्यस्य निवातकवचाः कुले । समुत्पन्नाः सुमहता तपसा भावितात्मनः

prahlādasya tu daityasya nivātakavacāḥ kule samutpannāḥ sumahatā tapasā bhāvitātmanaḥ

In the line of the Daitya Prahlada were born the Nivatakavachas, their souls perfected through very great austerity.

Verse 15 (vishnu.1.21.15)

षट् सुताः सुमहासत्त्वास् ताम्रायाः परिकीर्तिताः । शुकी श्येनी च भासी च सुग्रीवी शुचिगृध्रिका

ṣaṭ sutāḥ sumahāsattvās tāmrāyāḥ parikīrtitāḥ śukī śyenī ca bhāsī ca sugrīvī śucigṛdhrikā

Six offspring, of very great might, were celebrated as born of Tamra: Shuki, Shyeni, and Bhasi, Sugrivi, and Shuchi, and Gridhrika.

Verse 16 (vishnu.1.21.16)

शुकी शुकान् अजनयद् उलूकी प्रत्युलूककान् । श्येनी श्येनांस् तथा भासी भासान् गृद्ध्रांश् च गृद्ध्र्य् अपि

śukī śukān ajanayad ulūkī pratyulūkakān śyenī śyenāṁs tathā bhāsī bhāsān gṛddhrāṁś ca gṛddhry api

Shuki gave birth to parrots, Uluki to owls, Shyeni likewise to hawks, and Bhasi to falcons, and Gridhri to vultures.

Verse 17 (vishnu.1.21.17)

शुच्य् औदकान् पक्षिगणान् सुग्रीवी तु व्यजायत । अश्वान् उष्ट्रान् गर्दभांश् च ताम्रावंशाः प्रकीर्तिताः

śucy audakān pakṣigaṇān sugrīvī tu vyajāyata aśvān uṣṭrān gardabhāṁś ca tāmrāvaṁśāḥ prakīrtitāḥ

Shuchi gave birth to the flocks of water-birds, and Sugrivi gave birth to horses, camels, and donkeys — these are declared the lineage of Tamra.

Verse 18 (vishnu.1.21.18)

विनतायास् तु द्वौ पुत्रौ विख्यातौ गरुडारुणौ । सुपर्णः पततां श्रेष्ठो दारुणः पन्नगाशनः

vinatāyās tu dvau putrau vikhyātau garuḍāruṇau suparṇaḥ patatāṁ śreṣṭho dāruṇaḥ pannagāśanaḥ

Two renowned sons of Vinata were Garuda and Aruna: Suparna, foremost among birds, and the terrible one, the devourer of serpents.

Verse 19 (vishnu.1.21.19)

सुरसायाः सहस्रं तु सर्पाणाम् अमितौजसाम् । अनेकशिरसां ब्रह्मन् खेचराणां महात्मनाम्

surasāyāḥ sahasraṁ tu sarpāṇām amitaujasām anekaśirasāṁ brahman khecarāṇāṁ mahātmanām

O brahmin, of Surasa were born a thousand serpents of measureless splendor, of many heads, great-souled ones who move through the sky.

Verse 20 (vishnu.1.21.20)

काद्रवेयास् तु बलिनः सहस्रम् अमितौजसः । सुपर्णवशगा ब्रह्मञ् जज्ञिरे नैकमस्तकाः

kādraveyās tu balinaḥ sahasram amitaujasaḥ suparṇavaśagā brahmañ jajñire naikamastakāḥ

O brahmin, the sons of Kadru too, mighty, of measureless splendor, a thousand of them, of many heads, were born subject to Suparna.

Verse 21 (vishnu.1.21.21)

तेषां प्रधानभूतास् ते शेषवासुकितक्षकाः । शङ्खश्वेतो महापद्मः कम्बलाश्वतराव् उभौ

teṣāṁ pradhānabhūtās te śeṣavāsukitakṣakāḥ śaṅkhaśveto mahāpadmaḥ kambalāśvatarāv ubhau

Foremost among them were Shesha, Vasuki, and Takshaka, Shankhashveta, Mahapadma, and both Kambala and Ashvatara,

Verse 22 (vishnu.1.21.22)

एलापुत्रस् तथा नागः कर्कोटकधनंजयौ । एते चान्ये च बहवो दन्दशूका विषोल्बणाः

elāputras tathā nāgaḥ karkoṭakadhanaṁjayau ete cānye ca bahavo dandaśūkā viṣolbaṇāḥ

Elaputra, the serpent named Naga, Karkotaka and Dhananjaya — these, and many others besides, biting creatures fierce with venom.

Verse 23 (vishnu.1.21.23)

गणं क्रोधवशं विद्धि ते च सर्वे च दंष्ट्रिणः । स्थलजाः पक्षिणोऽब्जाश् च दारुणाः पिशिताशनाः

gaṇaṁ krodhavaśaṁ viddhi te ca sarve ca daṁṣṭriṇaḥ sthalajāḥ pakṣiṇo 'bjāś ca dāruṇāḥ piśitāśanāḥ

Know this whole host to be the offspring of Krodhavasha — all of them fanged, born on land, birds, and those born in water, terrible, flesh-eating creatures.

Verse 24 (vishnu.1.21.24)

गास् तु वै जनयाम् आस सुरभिर् महिषीस् तथा । इरावृक्षलतावल्लीस् तृणजातीश् च सर्वशः

gās tu vai janayām āsa surabhir mahiṣīs tathā irāvṛkṣalatāvallīs tṛṇajātīś ca sarvaśaḥ

Surabhi gave birth to cows and buffaloes; Ira gave birth to trees, creepers, and vines, and every kind of grass entirely.

Verse 25 (vishnu.1.21.25)

खषा तु यक्षरक्षांसि मुनिर् अप्सरसस् तथा । अरिष्टा तु महासत्त्वान् गन्धर्वान् समजीजनत्

khaṣā tu yakṣarakṣāṁsi munir apsarasas tathā ariṣṭā tu mahāsattvān gandharvān samajījanat

Khasa gave birth to Yakshas and Rakshasas; the sage-woman gave birth to Apsaras; and Arishta gave birth to Gandharvas of great might.

Verse 26 (vishnu.1.21.26)

एते कश्यपदायादाः कीर्तिताः स्थाणुजङ्गमाः । तेषां पुत्राश् च पौत्राश् च शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः

ete kaśyapadāyādāḥ kīrtitāḥ sthāṇujaṅgamāḥ teṣāṁ putrāś ca pautrāś ca śataśo 'tha sahasraśaḥ

These, celebrated as the descendants of Kashyapa, are the moving and unmoving creation; their sons and grandsons number in the hundreds and thousands.

Verse 27 (vishnu.1.21.27)

एष मन्वन्तरे सर्गो ब्रह्मन् स्वारोचिषे स्मृतः । वैवस्वते च महति वारुणे वितते क्रतौ

eṣa manvantare sargo brahman svārociṣe smṛtaḥ vaivasvate ca mahati vāruṇe vitate kratau

O brahmin, this creation is recorded as belonging to the Svarochisha Manvantara, and to the great, extended Varuna sacrifice of Vaivasvata.

Verse 28 (vishnu.1.21.28)

जुह्वानस्य ब्रह्मणो वै प्रजासर्ग इहोच्यते । पूर्वं यत्र तु सप्तर्षीन् उत्पन्नान् सप्त मानसान्

juhvānasya brahmaṇo vai prajāsarga ihocyate pūrvaṁ yatra tu saptarṣīn utpannān sapta mānasān

While that sacrifice was still burning, Brahma here himself appointed the seven mind-born sages who had been born earlier into the position of sons,

Verse 29 (vishnu.1.21.29)

पुत्रत्वे कल्पयाम् आस स्वयम् एव पितामहः । गन्धर्वभोगिदेवानां दानवानां च सत्तम

putratve kalpayām āsa svayam eva pitāmahaḥ gandharvabhogidevānāṁ dānavānāṁ ca sattama

O most excellent one, of the Gandharvas, the serpents, the gods, and the Danavas.

Verse 30 (vishnu.1.21.30)

दितिर् विनष्टपुत्रा वै तोषयाम् आस कश्यपम् । तया चाराधितः सम्यक् कश्यपस् तपतां वरः

ditir vinaṣṭaputrā vai toṣayām āsa kaśyapam tayā cārādhitaḥ samyak kaśyapas tapatāṁ varaḥ

Diti, her sons having perished, pleased Kashyapa; and Kashyapa, foremost of ascetics, being duly worshipped by her,

Verse 31 (vishnu.1.21.31)

वरेण छन्दयाम् आस सा च वव्रे ततो वरम् । पुत्रम् इन्द्रवधार्थाय समर्थम् अमितौजसम्

vareṇa chandayām āsa sā ca vavre tato varam putram indravadhārthāya samartham amitaujasam

offered her a boon, and she then chose that boon — a son capable of slaying Indra, of measureless splendor.

Verse 32 (vishnu.1.21.32)

स च तस्यै वरं प्रादाद् भार्यायै मुनिसत्तमः । दत्त्वा च वरम् अव्यग्रः कश्यपस् ताम् उवाच ह

sa ca tasyai varaṁ prādād bhāryāyai munisattamaḥ dattvā ca varam avyagraḥ kaśyapas tām uvāca ha

And that foremost of sages granted his wife that boon; and, having granted the boon, Kashyapa, untroubled, said this to her.

Verse 33 (vishnu.1.21.33)

शक्रं पुत्रो निहन्ता ते यदि गर्भं शरच्छतम् । समाहितातिप्रयता शुचिनी धारयिष्यसि

śakraṁ putro nihantā te yadi garbhaṁ śaracchatam samāhitātiprayatā śucinī dhārayiṣyasi

'If, through a hundred autumns, you shall bear this embryo, with utmost care, in purity and vigilance, your son shall be the slayer of Shakra.'

Verse 34 (vishnu.1.21.34)

इत्य् एवम् उक्त्वा तां देवीं स गतः कश्यपो मुनिः । दधार सा च तं गर्भं सम्यक् छौचसमन्विता

ity evam uktvā tāṁ devīṁ sa gataḥ kaśyapo muniḥ dadhāra sā ca taṁ garbhaṁ samyak chaucasamanvitā

Having said this to that goddess, the sage Kashyapa departed; and she, duly observing purity, bore that embryo.

Verse 35 (vishnu.1.21.35)

गर्भम् आत्मवधार्थाय ज्ञात्वा तं मघवान् अपि । शुश्रूषुस् ताम् अथागच्छद् विनयाद् अमराधिपः

garbham ātmavadhārthāya jñātvā taṁ maghavān api śuśrūṣus tām athāgacchad vinayād amarādhipaḥ

Maghavan too, knowing that the embryo was intended for his own destruction, came, out of humility, wishing to serve her.

Verse 36 (vishnu.1.21.36)

तस्याश् चैवान्तरप्रेप्सुर् अतिष्ठत् पाकशासनः । ऊने वर्षशते चास्या ददर्शान्तरम् आत्मवान्

tasyāś caivāntaraprepsur atiṣṭhat pākaśāsanaḥ ūne varṣaśate cāsyā dadarśāntaram ātmavān

Seeking his opportunity concerning her, Pakashasana waited there; and, when a little less than a hundred years had passed, that self-possessed one saw his chance.

Verse 37 (vishnu.1.21.37)

अकृत्वा पादयोः शौचं दितिः शयनम् आविशत् । निद्राम् आहारयाम् आस तस्याः कुक्षिं प्रविश्य सः

akṛtvā pādayoḥ śaucaṁ ditiḥ śayanam āviśat nidrām āhārayām āsa tasyāḥ kukṣiṁ praviśya saḥ

Diti, not having washed her feet, went to her bed; and he, entering her womb, brought sleep upon her.

Verse 38 (vishnu.1.21.38)

वज्रपाणिर् महागर्भं तं चिच्छेदाथ सप्तधा । स पाट्यमानो वज्रेण प्ररुरोदातिदारुणम्

vajrapāṇir mahāgarbhaṁ taṁ cicchedātha saptadhā sa pāṭyamāno vajreṇa prarurodātidāruṇam

The wielder of the thunderbolt then cut that great embryo into seven pieces; and it, being torn apart by the thunderbolt, wept most piteously.

Verse 39 (vishnu.1.21.39)

मा रोदीर् इति तं शक्रः पुनः पुनर् अभाषत । सोऽभवत् सप्तधा गर्भस् तम् इन्द्रः कुपितः पुनः

mā rodīr iti taṁ śakraḥ punaḥ punar abhāṣata so 'bhavat saptadhā garbhas tam indraḥ kupitaḥ punaḥ

'Do not weep,' Shakra said to it, again and again; and that embryo became sevenfold; then Indra, again enraged,

Verse 40 (vishnu.1.21.40)

एकैकं सप्तधा चक्रे वज्रेणारिविदारिणा । मरुतो नाम देवास् ते बभूवुर् अतिवेगिनः

ekaikaṁ saptadhā cakre vajreṇārividāriṇā maruto nāma devās te babhūvur ativeginaḥ

made each single piece sevenfold once more, with that same enemy-rending thunderbolt; and they became the gods called the Maruts, of exceeding swiftness.

Verse 41 (vishnu.1.21.41)

यद् उक्तं वै मघवता तेनैव मरुतोऽभवन् । देवा एकोनपञ्चाशत् सहाया वज्रपाणिनः

yad uktaṁ vai maghavatā tenaiva maruto 'bhavan devā ekonapañcāśat sahāyā vajrapāṇinaḥ

Because Maghavan had said to it 'do not weep' (mā rudaḥ), they became the Maruts; forty-nine gods, companions of the wielder of the thunderbolt.