The Six Other Dvipas and the Cosmic Egg

Verse 1 (vishnu.2.4.1)

पराशर उवाच । क्षारोदेन यथा द्वीपो जम्बूसंज्ञोऽभिवेष्टितः । संवेष्ट्य क्षारम् उदधिं प्लक्षद्वीपस् तथा स्थितः

parāśara uvāca kṣārodena yathā dvīpo jambūsaṁjño'bhiveṣṭitaḥ saṁveṣṭya kṣāram udadhiṁ plakṣadvīpas tathā sthitaḥ

Parashara said: As the continent named Jambu is surrounded by the salt ocean, so Plakshadvipa stands, encircling that salt ocean in turn.

Verse 2 (vishnu.2.4.2)

जम्बूद्वीपस्य विस्तारः शतसाहस्रसंमितः । स एवं द्विगुणो ब्रह्मन् प्लक्षद्वीप उदाहृतः

jambūdvīpasya vistāraḥ śatasāhasrasaṁmitaḥ sa evaṁ dviguṇo brahman plakṣadvīpa udāhṛtaḥ

Jambudvipa's extent is reckoned at one hundred thousand yojanas; Plakshadvipa, O brahmin, is declared to be twice that.

Verse 3 (vishnu.2.4.3)

सप्त मेधातिथेः पुत्राः प्लक्षद्वीपेश्वरस्य वै । ज्येष्ठः शान्तभयो नाम शिशिरस् तदनन्तरः

sapta medhātitheḥ putrāḥ plakṣadvīpeśvarasya vai jyeṣṭhaḥ śāntabhayo nāma śiśiras tadanantaraḥ

Medhatithi, lord of Plakshadvipa, had seven sons: the eldest named Shantabhaya, then Shishira,

Verse 4 (vishnu.2.4.4)

सुखोदयस् तथानन्दः शिवः क्षेमक एव च । ध्रुवश् च सप्तमस् तेषां प्लक्षद्वीपेश्वरा हि ते

sukhodayas tathānandaḥ śivaḥ kṣemaka eva ca dhruvaś ca saptamas teṣāṁ plakṣadvīpeśvarā hi te

Sukhodaya, and likewise Ananda, Shiva, and Kshemaka, and Dhruva the seventh — these are the lords of Plakshadvipa.

Verse 5 (vishnu.2.4.5)

पूर्वं शान्तभयं वर्षं शिशिरं सुखदं तथा । आनन्दं च शिवं चैव क्षेमकं ध्रुवम् एव च

pūrvaṁ śāntabhayaṁ varṣaṁ śiśiraṁ sukhadaṁ tathā ānandaṁ ca śivaṁ caiva kṣemakaṁ dhruvam eva ca

Named after them are the seven regions: Shantabhaya, Shishira, Sukhada, Ananda, Shiva, Kshemaka, and Dhruva.

Verse 6 (vishnu.2.4.6)

मर्यादाकारकास् तेषां तथान्ये वर्षपर्वताः । सप्तैव तेषां नामानि शृणुष्व मुनिसत्तम

maryādākārakās teṣāṁ tathānye varṣaparvatāḥ saptaiva teṣāṁ nāmāni śṛṇuṣva munisattama

There are also other boundary-forming mountains for these regions; hear their seven names, O best of sages —

Verse 7 (vishnu.2.4.7)

गोमेदश् चैव चन्द्रश् च नारदो दुन्दुभिस् तथा । सोमकः सुमनाः शैलो वैभ्राजश् चैव सप्तमः

gomedaś caiva candraś ca nārado dundubhis tathā somakaḥ sumanāḥ śailo vaibhrājaś caiva saptamaḥ

Gomeda, and Chandra, Narada, and likewise Dundubhi, Somaka, Sumanas, and the seventh, Vaibhraja.

Verse 8 (vishnu.2.4.8)

वर्षाचलेषु रम्येषु वर्षेष्व् एतेषु चानघाः । वसन्ति देवगन्धर्वसहिताः सततं प्रजाः

varṣācaleṣu ramyeṣu varṣeṣv eteṣu cānaghāḥ vasanti devagandharvasahitāḥ satataṁ prajāḥ

In these delightful mountainous regions, sinless peoples dwell always together with gods and gandharvas.

Verse 9 (vishnu.2.4.9)

तेषु पुण्या जनपदाश् चिराच् च म्रियते जनः । नाधयो व्याधयो वापि सर्वकालसुखं हि तत्

teṣu puṇyā janapadāś cirāc ca mriyate janaḥ nādhayo vyādhayo vāpi sarvakālasukhaṁ hi tat

The peoples there are blessed, and a man dies only after a very long time; there is neither mental nor bodily affliction — it is a place of unbroken happiness.

Verse 10 (vishnu.2.4.10)

तेषां नद्यश् च सप्तैव वर्षाणां तु समुद्रगाः । नामतस् ताः प्रवक्ष्यामि श्रुताः पापं हरन्ति याः

teṣāṁ nadyaś ca saptaiva varṣāṇāṁ tu samudragāḥ nāmatas tāḥ pravakṣyāmi śrutāḥ pāpaṁ haranti yāḥ

These regions also have seven rivers flowing to the sea; I shall name them — rivers which, merely on hearing of them, take away sin —

Verse 11 (vishnu.2.4.11)

अनुतप्ता शिखी चैव विपाशा त्रिदिवा क्रमुः । अमृता सुकृता चैव सप्तैतास् तत्र निम्नगाः

anutaptā śikhī caiva vipāśā tridivā kramuḥ amṛtā sukṛtā caiva saptaitās tatra nimnagāḥ

Anutapta, Shikhi, Vipasha, Tridiva, Kramu, Amrita, and Sukrita — these seven rivers are there.

Verse 12 (vishnu.2.4.12)

एते शैलास् तथा नद्यः प्रधानाः कथितास् तव । क्षुद्रनद्यस् तथा शैलास् तत्र सन्ति सहस्रशः । ताः पिबन्ति सदा हृष्टा नदीर् जनपदास् तु ते

ete śailās tathā nadyaḥ pradhānāḥ kathitās tava kṣudranadyas tathā śailās tatra santi sahasraśaḥ tāḥ pibanti sadā hṛṣṭā nadīr janapadās tu te

These are the principal mountains and rivers told to you; besides these there are thousands of lesser rivers and mountains there — the peoples there always drink from those rivers, delighted.

Verse 13 (vishnu.2.4.13)

अपसर्पिणी न तेषां वै न चैवोत्सर्पिणी द्विज । न त्व् एवास्ति युगावस्था तेषु स्थानेषु सप्तसु

apasarpiṇī na teṣāṁ vai na caivotsarpiṇī dvija na tv evāsti yugāvasthā teṣu sthāneṣu saptasu

O twice-born, there is neither decline nor advance of the ages for them; indeed, there is no state of the ages at all in these seven regions.

Verse 14 (vishnu.2.4.14)

त्रेतायुगसमः कालः सर्वदैव महामते । प्लक्षद्वीपादिषु ब्रह्मञ् शाकद्वीपान्तिकेषु वै

tretāyugasamaḥ kālaḥ sarvadaiva mahāmate plakṣadvīpādiṣu brahmañ śākadvīpāntikeṣu vai

O wise one, from Plakshadvipa up to Shakadvipa, the time there is always like the Treta age, O brahmin.

Verse 15 (vishnu.2.4.15)

पञ्चवर्षसहस्राणि जना जीवन्त्य् अनामयाः । धर्मः पञ्चस्व् अथैतेषु वर्णाश्रमविभागशः

pañcavarṣasahasrāṇi janā jīvanty anāmayāḥ dharmaḥ pañcasv athaiteṣu varṇāśramavibhāgaśaḥ

There the people live five thousand years free from disease; in these five regions dharma follows the division of caste and stage of life.

Verse 16 (vishnu.2.4.16)

वर्णाश् च तत्र चत्वारस् तान् निबोध वदामि ते

varṇāś ca tatra catvāras tān nibodha vadāmi te

There too are four castes; know them — I shall tell you.

Verse 17 (vishnu.2.4.17)

आर्यकाः कुरराश् चैव विविंशा भाविनश् च ये । विप्रक्षत्रियवैश्यास् ते शूद्राश् च मुनिसत्तम

āryakāḥ kurarāś caiva viviṁśā bhāvinaś ca ye viprakṣatriyavaiśyās te śūdrāś ca munisattama

The Aryakas, and the Kuraras, the Vivimshas, and the Bhavinas — these are respectively the brahmanas, kshatriyas, vaishyas, and shudras, O best of sages.

Verse 18 (vishnu.2.4.18)

जम्बूवृक्षप्रमाणस् तु तन्मध्ये सुमहांस् तरुः । प्लक्षस् तन्नामसंज्ञोऽयं प्लक्षद्वीपो द्विजोत्तम

jambūvṛkṣapramāṇas tu tanmadhye sumahāṁs taruḥ plakṣas tannāmasaṁjño'yaṁ plakṣadvīpo dvijottama

In its middle stands a very great tree, the size of the jambu tree, named Plaksha; from this name, Plakshadvipa, O foremost of the twice-born, takes its name.

Verse 19 (vishnu.2.4.19)

इज्यते तत्र भगवांस् तैर् वर्णैर् आर्यकादिभिः । सोमरूपी जगत्स्रष्टा सर्वः सर्वेश्वरो हरिः

ijyate tatra bhagavāṁs tair varṇair āryakādibhiḥ somarūpī jagatsraṣṭā sarvaḥ sarveśvaro hariḥ

There the Lord is worshipped by those castes beginning with the Aryakas — Hari, who bears the form of Soma, the creator of the world, the self of all, lord of all.

Verse 20 (vishnu.2.4.20)

प्लक्षद्वीपप्रमाणेन प्लक्षद्वीपः समावृतः । तथैवेक्षुरसोदेन परिवेषानुकारिणा

plakṣadvīpapramāṇena plakṣadvīpaḥ samāvṛtaḥ tathaivekṣurasodena pariveṣānukāriṇā

Plakshadvipa is encircled, matching its own extent, by the sugarcane-juice ocean, forming a ring around it.

Verse 21 (vishnu.2.4.21)

इत्य् एष तव मैत्रेय प्लक्षद्वीप उदाहृतः । संक्षेपेण मया भूयः शाल्मलं मे निशामय

ity eṣa tava maitreya plakṣadvīpa udāhṛtaḥ saṁkṣepeṇa mayā bhūyaḥ śālmalaṁ me niśāmaya

Thus, O Maitreya, I have described Plakshadvipa to you in brief; now hear from me again of Shalmaladvipa.

Verse 22 (vishnu.2.4.22)

शाल्मलस्येश्वरो वीरो वपुष्मांस् तत्सुताञ् छृणु । येषां तु नामसंज्ञानि सप्त वर्षाणि तानि वै

śālmalasyeśvaro vīro vapuṣmāṁs tatsutāñ chṛṇu yeṣāṁ tu nāmasaṁjñāni sapta varṣāṇi tāni vai

The lord of Shalmala is the hero Vapushman; hear of his sons, whose names are given to the seven regions —

Verse 23 (vishnu.2.4.23)

श्वेतोऽथ हरितश् चैव जीमूतो रोहितस् तथा । वैद्युतो मानसश् चैव सुप्रभश् च महामुने

śveto'tha haritaś caiva jīmūto rohitas tathā vaidyuto mānasaś caiva suprabhaś ca mahāmune

Shveta, and then Harita, Jimuta, likewise Rohita, Vaidyuta, and Manasa, and Suprabha, O great sage.

Verse 24 (vishnu.2.4.24)

शाल्मलेन समुद्रोऽसौ द्वीपेनेक्षुरसोदकः । विस्तारद्विगुणेनाथ सर्वतः संवृतः स्थितः

śālmalena samudro'sau dvīpenekṣurasodakaḥ vistāradviguṇenātha sarvataḥ saṁvṛtaḥ sthitaḥ

That sugarcane-juice ocean is surrounded on all sides by the continent of Shalmala, which is twice its width.

Verse 25 (vishnu.2.4.25)

तत्रापि पर्वताः सप्त विज्ञेया रत्नयोनयः । वर्षाभिव्यञ्जकास् ते तु तथा सप्तैव निम्नगाः

tatrāpi parvatāḥ sapta vijñeyā ratnayonayaḥ varṣābhivyañjakās te tu tathā saptaiva nimnagāḥ

There too are seven mountains, to be known as sources of gems, marking out the regions; and likewise seven rivers.

Verse 26 (vishnu.2.4.26)

कुमुदश् चोन्नतश् चैव तृतीयश् च बलाहकः । द्रोणो यत्र महौषध्यः स चतुर्थो महीधरः

kumudaś connataś caiva tṛtīyaś ca balāhakaḥ droṇo yatra mahauṣadhyaḥ sa caturtho mahīdharaḥ

Kumuda, Unnata, the third Balahaka, and Drona — where the great medicinal herbs grow — this fourth mountain,

Verse 27 (vishnu.2.4.27)

कङ्कस् तु पञ्चमः षष्ठो महिषः सप्तमस् तथा । ककुद्मान् पर्वतवरः सरिन्नामानि मे शृणु

kaṅkas tu pañcamaḥ ṣaṣṭho mahiṣaḥ saptamas tathā kakudmān parvatavaraḥ sarinnāmāni me śṛṇu

Kanka the fifth, Mahisha the sixth, and the seventh Kakudman, the finest of mountains — now hear the names of the rivers.

Verse 28 (vishnu.2.4.28)

योनी तोया वितृष्णा च चन्द्रा शुक्ला विमोचनी । निवृत्तिः सप्तमी तासां स्मृतास् ताः पापशान्तिदाः

yonī toyā vitṛṣṇā ca candrā śuklā vimocanī nivṛttiḥ saptamī tāsāṁ smṛtās tāḥ pāpaśāntidāḥ

Yoni, Toya, Vitrishna, Chandra, Shukla, Vimochani, and the seventh, Nivritti — these are held to give peace from sin.

Verse 29 (vishnu.2.4.29)

श्वेतं च हरितं चैव जीमूतं रोहितं तथा । वैद्युतं मानसं चैव सुप्रभं चातिशोभनम् । सप्तैतानि तु वर्षाणि चातुर्वर्ण्ययुतानि वै

śvetaṁ ca haritaṁ caiva jīmūtaṁ rohitaṁ tathā vaidyutaṁ mānasaṁ caiva suprabhaṁ cātiśobhanam saptaitāni tu varṣāṇi cāturvarṇyayutāni vai

Shveta, and Harita, Jimuta, Rohita, Vaidyuta, Manasa, and the most beautiful Suprabha — these seven regions are each inhabited by the four castes.

Verse 30 (vishnu.2.4.30)

शाल्मले ये तु वर्णाश् च वसन्त्य् एते महामुने । कपिलाश् चारुणाः पीताः कृष्णाश् चैव पृथक् पृथक्

śālmale ye tu varṇāś ca vasanty ete mahāmune kapilāś cāruṇāḥ pītāḥ kṛṣṇāś caiva pṛthak pṛthak

The castes dwelling in Shalmala, O great sage, are respectively tawny, reddish, yellow, and dark in complexion.

Verse 31 (vishnu.2.4.31)

ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्याः शूद्राश् चैव यजन्ति तम् । भगवन्तं समस्तस्य विष्णुम् आत्मानम् अव्ययम् । वायुभूतं मखश्रेष्ठैर् यज्विनो यज्ञसंस्थितम्

brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ śūdrāś caiva yajanti tam bhagavantaṁ samastasya viṣṇum ātmānam avyayam vāyubhūtaṁ makhaśreṣṭhair yajvino yajñasaṁsthitam

There the brahmanas, kshatriyas, vaishyas, and shudras worship the Lord of all, imperishable Vishnu, in his form as the wind, established in sacrifice, through the foremost rites.

Verse 32 (vishnu.2.4.32)

देवानाम् अत्र सांनिध्यम् अतीव सुमनोरमे । शाल्मलिश् च महावृक्षो नाम निर्वृतिकारकः

devānām atra sāṁnidhyam atīva sumanorame śālmaliś ca mahāvṛkṣo nāma nirvṛtikārakaḥ

There, in that most delightful place, is the presence of the gods; and the great tree Shalmali, giver of bliss, gives the region its name.

Verse 33 (vishnu.2.4.33)

एष द्वीपः समुद्रेण सुरोदेन समावृतः । विस्ताराच् छाल्मलस्यैव समेन तु समन्ततः

eṣa dvīpaḥ samudreṇa surodena samāvṛtaḥ vistārāc chālmalasyaiva samena tu samantataḥ

This continent is surrounded by the ocean of wine, equal all around to Shalmala's own extent.

Verse 34 (vishnu.2.4.34)

सुरोदकः परिवृतः कुशद्वीपेन सर्वतः । शाल्मलस्य तु विस्ताराद् द्विगुणेन समन्ततः

surodakaḥ parivṛtaḥ kuśadvīpena sarvataḥ śālmalasya tu vistārād dviguṇena samantataḥ

That wine-ocean is in turn surrounded on all sides by Kushadvipa, twice the extent of Shalmala.

Verse 35 (vishnu.2.4.35)

ज्योतिष्मतः कुशद्वीपे सप्त पुत्रान् शृणुष्व तान्

jyotiṣmataḥ kuśadvīpe sapta putrān śṛṇuṣva tān

In Kushadvipa, hear of the seven sons of Jyotishman —

Verse 36 (vishnu.2.4.36)

उद्भिदो वेणुमांश् चैव स्वैरथो लम्बनो धृतिः । प्रभाकरोऽथ कपिलस् तन्नामा वर्षपद्धतिः

udbhido veṇumāṁś caiva svairatho lambano dhṛtiḥ prabhākaro'tha kapilas tannāmā varṣapaddhatiḥ

Udbhida, and Venuman, Svairatha, Lambana, Dhriti, Prabhakara, and Kapila — the series of regions bears these very names.

Verse 37 (vishnu.2.4.37)

तस्यां वसन्ति मनुजाः सह दैतेयदानवैः । तथैव देवगन्धर्वयक्षकिंपुरुषादयः

tasyāṁ vasanti manujāḥ saha daiteyadānavaiḥ tathaiva devagandharvayakṣakiṁpuruṣādayaḥ

There dwell men together with daityas and danavas, and likewise gods, gandharvas, yakshas, kimpurushas, and the rest.

Verse 38 (vishnu.2.4.38)

वर्णास् तत्रापि चत्वारो निजानुष्ठानतत्पराः । दमिनः शुष्मिणः स्नेहा मन्देहाश् च महामुने

varṇās tatrāpi catvāro nijānuṣṭhānatatparāḥ daminaḥ śuṣmiṇaḥ snehā mandehāś ca mahāmune

There too are four castes, each devoted to its own duty — Damin, Shushmin, Sneha, and Mandeha, O great sage —

Verse 39 (vishnu.2.4.39)

ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्याः शूद्राश् चानुक्रमोदिताः

brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ śūdrāś cānukramoditāḥ

these are respectively the brahmanas, kshatriyas, vaishyas, and shudras, arising in that order.

Verse 40 (vishnu.2.4.40)

यथोक्तकर्मकर्तृत्वात् स्वाधिकारक्षयाय ते । तत्र ते तु कुशद्वीपे ब्रह्मरूपं जनार्दनम् । यजन्तः क्षपयन्त्य् उग्रम् अधिकारफलप्रदम्

yathoktakarmakartṛtvāt svādhikārakṣayāya te tatra te tu kuśadvīpe brahmarūpaṁ janārdanam yajantaḥ kṣapayanty ugram adhikāraphalapradam

By performing the enjoined acts, they work toward the exhaustion of their own governing karma; there in Kushadvipa, worshipping Janardana in his form as Brahma, they wear away that intense fruit which grants dominion.

Verse 41 (vishnu.2.4.41)

विद्रुमो हेमशैलश् च द्युतिमान् पुष्पवांस् तथा । कुशेशयो हरिश् चैव सप्तमो मन्दराचलः

vidrumo hemaśailaś ca dyutimān puṣpavāṁs tathā kuśeśayo hariś caiva saptamo mandarācalaḥ

Vidruma, Hemashaila, Dyutiman, and likewise Pushpavan, Kusheshaya, Hari, and the seventh, Mount Mandara —

Verse 42 (vishnu.2.4.42)

वर्षाचलास् तु सप्तैते तत्र द्वीपे महामुने । नद्यश् च सप्त तासां तु शृणु नामान्य् अनुक्रमात्

varṣācalās tu saptaite tatra dvīpe mahāmune nadyaś ca sapta tāsāṁ tu śṛṇu nāmāny anukramāt

these are the seven boundary-mountains in that continent, O great sage; now hear, in order, the names of its seven rivers —

Verse 43 (vishnu.2.4.43)

धूतपापा शिवा चैव पवित्रा संमतिस् तथा । विद्युद् अम्भा मही चान्या सर्वपापहरास् त्व् इमाः

dhūtapāpā śivā caiva pavitrā saṁmatis tathā vidyud ambhā mahī cānyā sarvapāpaharās tv imāḥ

Dhutapapa, and Shiva, Pavitra, likewise Sammati, Vidyudambha, and another, Mahi — these remove all sin.

Verse 44 (vishnu.2.4.44)

अन्याः सहस्रशस् तत्र क्षुद्रनद्यस् तथाचलाः । कुशद्वीपे कुशस्तम्बः संज्ञया तस्य तत् स्मृतम्

anyāḥ sahasraśas tatra kṣudranadyas tathācalāḥ kuśadvīpe kuśastambaḥ saṁjñayā tasya tat smṛtam

There are thousands of other lesser rivers and mountains besides; in Kushadvipa there is a tuft of kusha-grass, from whose name this continent is remembered.

Verse 45 (vishnu.2.4.45)

तत्प्रमाणेन स द्वीपो घृतोदेन समावृतः । घृतोदश् च समुद्रो वै क्रौञ्चद्वीपेन संवृतः

tatpramāṇena sa dvīpo ghṛtodena samāvṛtaḥ ghṛtodaś ca samudro vai krauñcadvīpena saṁvṛtaḥ

That continent is surrounded, matching its own extent, by the ghee-ocean; and that ghee-ocean is in turn surrounded by Kraunchadvipa.

Verse 46 (vishnu.2.4.46)

क्रौञ्चद्वीपो महाभाग श्रूयतां चापरो महान् । कुशद्वीपस्य विस्ताराद् द्विगुणो यस्य विस्तरः

krauñcadvīpo mahābhāga śrūyatāṁ cāparo mahān kuśadvīpasya vistārād dviguṇo yasya vistaraḥ

Hear now, O greatly fortunate one, of another great continent, Kraunchadvipa, whose extent is twice that of Kushadvipa.

Verse 47 (vishnu.2.4.47)

क्रौञ्चद्वीपे द्युतिमतः पुत्राः सप्त महात्मनः । तन्नामानि च वर्षाणि तेषां चक्रे महीपतिः

krauñcadvīpe dyutimataḥ putrāḥ sapta mahātmanaḥ tannāmāni ca varṣāṇi teṣāṁ cakre mahīpatiḥ

In Kraunchadvipa, the great-souled Dyutiman had seven sons; the lord of the earth gave their very names to the regions —

Verse 48 (vishnu.2.4.48)

कुशलो मनुगश् चोष्णः पीवरोऽथान्धकारकः । मुनिश् च दुन्दुभिश् चैव सप्तैते तत्सुता मुने

kuśalo manugaś coṣṇaḥ pīvaro'thāndhakārakaḥ muniś ca dundubhiś caiva saptaite tatsutā mune

Kushala, Manuga, Ushna, Pivara, and then Andhakaraka, Muni, and Dundubhi — these seven, O sage, are his sons.

Verse 49 (vishnu.2.4.49)

तत्रापि देवगन्धर्वसेविताः सुमनोरमाः । वर्षाचला महाबुद्धे तेषां नामानि मे शृणु

tatrāpi devagandharvasevitāḥ sumanoramāḥ varṣācalā mahābuddhe teṣāṁ nāmāni me śṛṇu

There too, frequented by gods and gandharvas, are most delightful boundary-mountains, O wise one; hear their names from me —

Verse 50 (vishnu.2.4.50)

क्रौञ्चश् च वामनश् चैव तृतीयश् चान्धकारकः । चतुर्थो रत्नशैलश् च स्वाहिनी हयसंनिभः

krauñcaś ca vāmanaś caiva tṛtīyaś cāndhakārakaḥ caturtho ratnaśailaś ca svāhinī hayasaṁnibhaḥ

Kraunucha, and Vamana, the third Andhakaraka, the fourth Ratnashaila, Svahini resembling a horse,

Verse 51 (vishnu.2.4.51)

दिवावृत् पञ्चमश् चात्र तथान्यः पुण्डरीकवान् । दुन्दुभिश् च महाशैलो द्विगुणास् ते परस्परम् । द्वीपा द्वीपेषु ये शैला यथा द्वीपानि ते तथा

divāvṛt pañcamaś cātra tathānyaḥ puṇḍarīkavān dundubhiś ca mahāśailo dviguṇās te parasparam dvīpā dvīpeṣu ye śailā yathā dvīpāni te tathā

Divavrit the fifth, and another, Pundarikavan, and the great mountain Dundubhi — each is twice the one before; as the continents are, so are the mountains within them.

Verse 52 (vishnu.2.4.52)

वर्षेष्व् एतेषु रम्येषु वर्षशैलवरेषु च । निवसन्ति निरातङ्काः सह देवगणैः प्रजाः

varṣeṣv eteṣu ramyeṣu varṣaśailavareṣu ca nivasanti nirātaṅkāḥ saha devagaṇaiḥ prajāḥ

In these delightful regions, and among these finest of region-mountains, dwell fearless peoples together with hosts of gods.

Verse 53 (vishnu.2.4.53)

पुष्कराः पुष्कला धन्यास् तिष्याख्याश् च महामुने । ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्याः शूद्राश् चानुक्रमोदिताः

puṣkarāḥ puṣkalā dhanyās tiṣyākhyāś ca mahāmune brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ śūdrāś cānukramoditāḥ

Pushkara, Pushkala, Dhanya, and the region called Tishya, O great sage — these are inhabited respectively by brahmanas, kshatriyas, vaishyas, and shudras.

Verse 54 (vishnu.2.4.54)

ते तत्र नद्यो मैत्रेय याः पिबन्ति शृणुष्व ताः । सप्त प्रधानाः शतशस् तत्रान्याः क्षुद्रनिम्नगाः

te tatra nadyo maitreya yāḥ pibanti śṛṇuṣva tāḥ sapta pradhānāḥ śataśas tatrānyāḥ kṣudranimnagāḥ

O Maitreya, hear of the rivers there from which they drink — seven principal ones, and hundreds of other lesser streams besides.

Verse 55 (vishnu.2.4.55)

गौरी कुमुद्वती चैव संध्या रात्रिर् मनोजवा । ख्यातिश् च पुण्डरीका च सप्तैता वर्षनिम्नगाः

gaurī kumudvatī caiva saṁdhyā rātrir manojavā khyātiś ca puṇḍarīkā ca saptaitā varṣanimnagāḥ

Gauri, and Kumudvati, Sandhya, Ratri, Manojava, Khyati, and Pundarika — these seven are the region-rivers.

Verse 56 (vishnu.2.4.56)

अत्रापि वर्णैर् भगवान् पुष्कराद्यैर् जनार्दनः । यागै रुद्रस्वरूपस्थ इज्यते यज्ञसंनिधौ

atrāpi varṇair bhagavān puṣkarādyair janārdanaḥ yāgai rudrasvarūpastha ijyate yajñasaṁnidhau

There too the Lord Janardana, present in the very form of Rudra, is duly worshipped by the castes beginning with Pushkara, through sacrifices, in the presence of the offering.

Verse 57 (vishnu.2.4.57)

क्रौञ्चद्वीपः समुद्रेण दधिमण्डोदकेन तु । आवृतः सर्वतः क्रौञ्चद्वीपतुल्येन मानतः

krauñcadvīpaḥ samudreṇa dadhimaṇḍodakena tu āvṛtaḥ sarvataḥ krauñcadvīpatulyena mānataḥ

Kraunchadvipa is surrounded on all sides by the curd-ocean, matching Kraunchadvipa itself in measure.

Verse 58 (vishnu.2.4.58)

दधिमण्डोदकश् चापि शाकद्वीपेन संवृतः । क्रौञ्चद्वीपस्य विस्ताराद् द्विगुणेन महामुने

dadhimaṇḍodakaś cāpi śākadvīpena saṁvṛtaḥ krauñcadvīpasya vistārād dviguṇena mahāmune

That curd-ocean is in turn surrounded by Shakadvipa, twice the extent of Kraunchadvipa, O great sage.

Verse 59 (vishnu.2.4.59)

शाकद्वीपेश्वरस्यापि भव्यस्य सुमहात्मनः । सप्तैव तनयास् तेषां ददौ वर्षाणि सप्त सः

śākadvīpeśvarasyāpi bhavyasya sumahātmanaḥ saptaiva tanayās teṣāṁ dadau varṣāṇi sapta saḥ

The great-souled Bhavya, lord of Shakadvipa, likewise had seven sons; to them he gave the seven regions —

Verse 60 (vishnu.2.4.60)

जलदश् च कुमारश् च सुकुमारो मणीचकः । कुसुमोदः सुमोदाकिः सप्तमश् च महाद्रुमः

jaladaś ca kumāraś ca sukumāro maṇīcakaḥ kusumodaḥ sumodākiḥ saptamaś ca mahādrumaḥ

Jalada, and Kumara, Sukumara, Manichaka, Kusumoda, Sumodaki, and the seventh, Mahadruma.

Verse 61 (vishnu.2.4.61)

तत्संज्ञान्य् एव तत्रापि सप्त वर्षाण्य् अनुक्रमात् । तत्रापि पर्वताः सप्त वर्षविच्छेदकारिणः

tatsaṁjñāny eva tatrāpi sapta varṣāṇy anukramāt tatrāpi parvatāḥ sapta varṣavicchedakāriṇaḥ

Their very names, in order, are also the names of the seven regions there; there too are seven mountains that divide the regions.

Verse 62 (vishnu.2.4.62)

पूर्वस् तत्रोदयगिरिर् जलधारस् तथापरः । तथा रैवतकः श्यामस् तथैवाम्भोगिरिर् द्विज । आम्बिकेयस् तथा रम्यः केसरी पर्वतोत्तमः

pūrvas tatrodayagirir jaladhāras tathāparaḥ tathā raivatakaḥ śyāmas tathaivāmbhogirir dvija āmbikeyas tathā ramyaḥ kesarī parvatottamaḥ

There to the east is Udayagiri, then another, Jaladhara; likewise Raivataka, Shyama, and Ambhogiri, O twice-born; Ambikeya, and lovely Kesari, the finest of mountains.

Verse 63 (vishnu.2.4.63)

शाकस् तत्र महावृक्षः सिद्धगन्धर्वसेवितः । यत्पत्रवातसंस्पर्शाद् आह्लादो जायते परः

śākas tatra mahāvṛkṣaḥ siddhagandharvasevitaḥ yatpatravātasaṁsparśād āhlādo jāyate paraḥ

There stands the great Shaka tree, frequented by Siddhas and Gandharvas, from whose leaves' touch by the wind arises supreme delight.

Verse 64 (vishnu.2.4.64)

तत्र पुण्या जनपदाश् चातुर्वर्ण्यसमन्विताः । नद्यश् चात्र महापुण्याः सर्वपापभयापहाः

tatra puṇyā janapadāś cāturvarṇyasamanvitāḥ nadyaś cātra mahāpuṇyāḥ sarvapāpabhayāpahāḥ

There are blessed peoples endowed with the four castes; and there too are most sacred rivers, removers of all sin and fear —

Verse 65 (vishnu.2.4.65)

सुकुमारी कुमारी च नलिनी वेणुका च या । इक्षुश् च धेनुका चैव गभस्ती सप्तमी तथा

sukumārī kumārī ca nalinī veṇukā ca yā ikṣuś ca dhenukā caiva gabhastī saptamī tathā

Sukumari, and Kumari, Nalini, and Venuka, and Ikshu, and Dhenuka, and Gabhasti the seventh.

Verse 66 (vishnu.2.4.66)

अन्यास् त्व् अयुतशस् तत्र क्षुद्रनद्यो महामुने । महीधरास् तथा सन्ति शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः

anyās tv ayutaśas tatra kṣudranadyo mahāmune mahīdharās tathā santi śataśo'tha sahasraśaḥ

Besides these, O great sage, there are ten thousand other lesser rivers there, and mountains too, in the hundreds and thousands.

Verse 67 (vishnu.2.4.67)

ताः पिबन्ति मुदा युक्ता जलदादिषु ये स्थिताः । वर्षेषु ते जनपदाः स्वर्गाद् अभ्येत्य मेदिनीम्

tāḥ pibanti mudā yuktā jaladādiṣu ye sthitāḥ varṣeṣu te janapadāḥ svargād abhyetya medinīm

The peoples dwelling in the regions beginning with Jalada, who have come down from heaven to this earth, drink from those rivers with delight.

Verse 68 (vishnu.2.4.68)

धर्महानिर् न तेष्व् अस्ति न संघर्षः परस्परम् । मर्यादाव्युत्क्रमो वापि तेषु देशेषु सप्तसु

dharmahānir na teṣv asti na saṁgharṣaḥ parasparam maryādāvyutkramo vāpi teṣu deśeṣu saptasu

In these seven regions there is no decline of dharma, nor mutual strife, nor any transgression of proper bounds.

Verse 69 (vishnu.2.4.69)

मगाश् च मागधाश् चैव मानसा मन्दगास् तथा । मगा ब्राह्मणभूयिष्ठा मागधाः क्षत्रियास् तु ते । वैश्यास् तु मानसास् तेषां शूद्रास् तेषां तु मन्दगाः

magāś ca māgadhāś caiva mānasā mandagās tathā magā brāhmaṇabhūyiṣṭhā māgadhāḥ kṣatriyās tu te vaiśyās tu mānasās teṣāṁ śūdrās teṣāṁ tu mandagāḥ

The Maga, and the Magadha, the Manasa, and the Mandaga — the Magas are mostly brahmanas, the Magadhas kshatriyas, the Manasas vaishyas, and the Mandagas their shudras.

Verse 70 (vishnu.2.4.70)

शाकद्वीपे तु तैर् विष्णुः सूर्यरूपधरो मुने । यथोक्तैर् इज्यते सम्यक् कर्मभिर् नियतात्मभिः

śākadvīpe tu tair viṣṇuḥ sūryarūpadharo mune yathoktair ijyate samyak karmabhir niyatātmabhiḥ

In Shakadvipa, Vishnu, bearing the form of the Sun, O sage, is duly worshipped by self-controlled people through the prescribed rites.

Verse 71 (vishnu.2.4.71)

शाकद्वीपस् तु मैत्रेय क्षीरोदेन समन्ततः । शाकद्वीपप्रमाणेन वलयेनेव वेष्टितः

śākadvīpas tu maitreya kṣīrodena samantataḥ śākadvīpapramāṇena valayeneva veṣṭitaḥ

O Maitreya, Shakadvipa is entirely encircled, like a ring matching its own extent, by the milk-ocean.

Verse 72 (vishnu.2.4.72)

क्षीराब्धिः सर्वतो ब्रह्मन् पुष्कराख्येन वेष्टितः । द्वीपेन शाकद्वीपात् तु द्विगुणेन समन्ततः

kṣīrābdhiḥ sarvato brahman puṣkarākhyena veṣṭitaḥ dvīpena śākadvīpāt tu dviguṇena samantataḥ

That milk-ocean, O brahmin, is entirely encircled by the continent called Pushkara, twice the extent of Shakadvipa.

Verse 73 (vishnu.2.4.73)

पुष्करे सवनस्यापि महावीरोऽभवत् सुतः । धातकिश् च तयोस् तत्र द्वे वर्षे नामचिह्निते । महावीरं तथैवान्यद् धातकीखण्डसंज्ञितम्

puṣkare savanasyāpi mahāvīro'bhavat sutaḥ dhātakiś ca tayos tatra dve varṣe nāmacihnite mahāvīraṁ tathaivānyad dhātakīkhaṇḍasaṁjñitam

In Pushkara, Savana's son was the great hero named Mahavira; there two regions, marked by name, belong to him — Mahavira, and the other, called Dhatakikhanda.

Verse 74 (vishnu.2.4.74)

एकश् चात्र महाभाग प्रख्यातो वर्षपर्वतः । मानसोत्तरसंज्ञो वै मध्यतो वलयाकृतिः

ekaś cātra mahābhāga prakhyāto varṣaparvataḥ mānasottarasaṁjño vai madhyato valayākṛtiḥ

There too, O greatly fortunate one, is a famed region-mountain, called Manasottara, ring-shaped, situated in the middle.

Verse 75 (vishnu.2.4.75)

योजनानां सहस्राणि ऊर्ध्वं पञ्चाशद् उच्छ्रितः । तावद् एव च विस्तीर्णः सर्वतः परिमण्डलः

yojanānāṁ sahasrāṇi ūrdhvaṁ pañcāśad ucchritaḥ tāvad eva ca vistīrṇaḥ sarvataḥ parimaṇḍalaḥ

It rises fifty thousand yojanas high, and is equally broad, circular all around.

Verse 76 (vishnu.2.4.76)

पुष्करद्वीपवलयं मध्येन विभजन्न् इव । स्थितोऽसौ तेन विच्छिन्नं जातं वर्षद्वयं मुने

puṣkaradvīpavalayaṁ madhyena vibhajann iva sthito'sau tena vicchinnaṁ jātaṁ varṣadvayaṁ mune

It stands as if dividing the ring of Pushkaradvipa through its middle; by it the two regions became separated, O sage.

Verse 77 (vishnu.2.4.77)

वलयाकारम् एकैकं तयोर् वर्षं तथा गिरिः

valayākāram ekaikaṁ tayor varṣaṁ tathā giriḥ

Each of those two regions, and likewise the mountain, is ring-shaped.

Verse 78 (vishnu.2.4.78)

दश वर्षसहस्राणि तत्र जीवन्ति मानवाः । निरामया विशोकाश् च रागद्वेषविवर्जिताः

daśa varṣasahasrāṇi tatra jīvanti mānavāḥ nirāmayā viśokāś ca rāgadveṣavivarjitāḥ

There men live for ten thousand years, free of disease, free of sorrow, free of attachment and aversion.

Verse 79 (vishnu.2.4.79)

अधमोत्तमौ न तेष्व् आस्तां न वध्यवधकौ द्विज । नेर्ष्यासूया भयं रोषो दोषो लोभादिको न च

adhamottamau na teṣv āstāṁ na vadhyavadhakau dvija nerṣyāsūyā bhayaṁ roṣo doṣo lobhādiko na ca

O twice-born, there is neither highest nor lowest among them, nor slayer and slain; there is no envy, malice, fear, anger, or fault such as greed.

Verse 80 (vishnu.2.4.80)

महावीरं बहिर् वर्षं धातकीखण्डम् अन्ततः । मानसोत्तरशैलस्य देवदैत्यादिसेवितम्

mahāvīraṁ bahir varṣaṁ dhātakīkhaṇḍam antataḥ mānasottaraśailasya devadaityādisevitam

Mahavira is the outer region, and Dhatakikhanda the inner, of the Manasottara mountain, both frequented by gods, daityas, and the rest.

Verse 81 (vishnu.2.4.81)

सत्यानृते न तत्रास्तां द्वीपे पुष्करसंज्ञिते । न तत्र नद्यः शैला वा द्वीपे वर्षद्वयान्विते

satyānṛte na tatrāstāṁ dvīpe puṣkarasaṁjñite na tatra nadyaḥ śailā vā dvīpe varṣadvayānvite

In this continent called Pushkara there is neither truth nor falsehood; in this continent of two regions there are no rivers or mountains.

Verse 82 (vishnu.2.4.82)

तुल्यवेषास् तु मनुजा देवैस् तत्रैकरूपिणः

tulyaveṣās tu manujā devais tatraikarūpiṇaḥ

The people there, alike in appearance to the gods, are all of one and the same form.

Verse 83 (vishnu.2.4.83)

वर्णाश्रमाचारहीनं धर्माचरणवर्जितम् । त्रयीवार्तादण्डनीतिशुश्रूषारहितं च यत्

varṇāśramācārahīnaṁ dharmācaraṇavarjitam trayīvārtādaṇḍanītiśuśrūṣārahitaṁ ca yat

That land is devoid of the practice of caste and life-stage, without any observance of dharma, and without the threefold Vedic learning, livelihood, statecraft, or service.

Verse 84 (vishnu.2.4.84)

वर्षद्वयं तु मैत्रेय भौमः स्वर्गोऽयम् उत्तमः । सर्वस्य सुखदः कालो जरारोगादिवर्जितः । पुष्करे धातकीषण्डे महावीरे च वै मुने

varṣadvayaṁ tu maitreya bhaumaḥ svargo'yam uttamaḥ sarvasya sukhadaḥ kālo jarārogādivarjitaḥ puṣkare dhātakīṣaṇḍe mahāvīre ca vai mune

O Maitreya, these two regions are indeed an earthly heaven of the highest order — a time granting happiness to all, free of old age, disease and the like, in Pushkara, in Dhatakikhanda, and in Mahavira, O sage.

Verse 85 (vishnu.2.4.85)

न्यग्रोधः पुष्करद्वीपे ब्रह्मणः स्थानम् उत्तमम् । तस्मिन् निवसति ब्रह्मा पूज्यमानः सुरासुरैः

nyagrodhaḥ puṣkaradvīpe brahmaṇaḥ sthānam uttamam tasmin nivasati brahmā pūjyamānaḥ surāsuraiḥ

In Pushkaradvipa, the Nyagrodha tree is the supreme abode of Brahma; there Brahma dwells, worshipped by gods and demons.

Verse 86 (vishnu.2.4.86)

स्वादूदकेनोदधिना पुष्करः परिवेष्टितः । समेन पुष्करस्यैव विस्तारान् मण्डलात् तथा

svādūdakenodadhinā puṣkaraḥ pariveṣṭitaḥ samena puṣkarasyaiva vistārān maṇḍalāt tathā

Pushkara is surrounded by the ocean of sweet water, equal in extent to Pushkara's own circle.

Verse 87 (vishnu.2.4.87)

एवं द्वीपाः समुद्रैस् तु सप्त सप्तभिर् आवृताः । द्वीपश् चैव समुद्रश् च समानौ द्विगुणौ परौ

evaṁ dvīpāḥ samudrais tu sapta saptabhir āvṛtāḥ dvīpaś caiva samudraś ca samānau dviguṇau parau

Thus all seven continents are surrounded by seven oceans; and each successive continent and ocean is twice the extent of the one before.

Verse 88 (vishnu.2.4.88)

पयांसि सर्वदा सर्वसमुद्रेषु समानि वै । न्यूनातिरिक्तता तेषां कदाचिन् नैव जायते

payāṁsi sarvadā sarvasamudreṣu samāni vai nyūnātiriktatā teṣāṁ kadācin naiva jāyate

The waters in all the oceans are always equal in quantity; there is never any deficiency or excess among them.

Verse 89 (vishnu.2.4.89)

स्थालीस्थम् अग्निसंयोगाद् उद्रेकि सलिलं यथा । तथेन्दुवृद्धौ सलिलम् अम्भोधौ मुनिसत्तम

sthālīstham agnisaṁyogād udreki salilaṁ yathā tathenduvṛddhau salilam ambhodhau munisattama

As water rises in a vessel through contact with fire, O best of sages, so at the waxing of the moon, water in the ocean rises.

Verse 90 (vishnu.2.4.90)

अन्यूनानतिरिक्ताश् च वर्धन्त्य् आपो ह्रसन्ति च । उदयास्तमयेष्व् इन्दोः पक्षयोः शुक्लकृष्णयोः

anyūnānatiriktāś ca vardhanty āpo hrasanti ca udayāstamayeṣv indoḥ pakṣayoḥ śuklakṛṣṇayoḥ

At the rising and setting of the moon, in the bright and dark fortnights, the waters neither increase nor decrease overall — they only rise and fall.

Verse 91 (vishnu.2.4.91)

दशोत्तराणि पञ्चैव अङ्गुलानां शतानि वै । अपां वृद्धिक्षयौ दृष्टौ सामुद्रीणां महामुने

daśottarāṇi pañcaiva aṅgulānāṁ śatāni vai apāṁ vṛddhikṣayau dṛṣṭau sāmudrīṇāṁ mahāmune

O great sage, the rise and fall of the ocean's waters has been observed to measure five hundred and ten fingers' breadth.

Verse 92 (vishnu.2.4.92)

भोजनं पुष्करद्वीपे तत्र स्वयम् उपस्थितम् । षड्रसं भुञ्जते विप्र प्रजाः सर्वाः सदैव हि

bhojanaṁ puṣkaradvīpe tatra svayam upasthitam ṣaḍrasaṁ bhuñjate vipra prajāḥ sarvāḥ sadaiva hi

O brahmin, in Pushkaradvipa, food of six flavors presents itself of its own accord, and all the people there always partake of it.

Verse 93 (vishnu.2.4.93)

स्वादूदकस्य पुरतो दृश्यतेऽलोकसंस्थितिः । द्विगुणा काञ्चनी भूमिः सर्वजन्तुविवर्जिता

svādūdakasya purato dṛśyate'lokasaṁsthitiḥ dviguṇā kāñcanī bhūmiḥ sarvajantuvivarjitā

Beyond the sweet-water ocean is seen the region called Aloka, a golden land twice as wide, devoid of any living being.

Verse 94 (vishnu.2.4.94)

लोकालोकस् ततः शैलो योजनायुतविस्तृतः । उच्छ्रायेणापि तावन्ति सहस्राण्य् अचलो हि सः

lokālokas tataḥ śailo yojanāyutavistṛtaḥ ucchrāyeṇāpi tāvanti sahasrāṇy acalo hi saḥ

Beyond that is the mountain called Lokaloka, ten thousand yojanas in extent, and rising an equal height — a motionless mountain.

Verse 95 (vishnu.2.4.95)

ततस् तमः समावृत्य तं शैलं सर्वतः स्थितम् । तमश् चाण्डकटाहेन समन्तात् परिवेष्टितम्

tatas tamaḥ samāvṛtya taṁ śailaṁ sarvataḥ sthitam tamaś cāṇḍakaṭāhena samantāt pariveṣṭitam

Beyond it, darkness surrounds that mountain on all sides; and that darkness is in turn encircled all around by the shell of the cosmic egg.

Verse 96 (vishnu.2.4.96)

पञ्चाशत्कोटिविस्तारा सेयम् उर्वी महामुने । सहैवाण्डकटाहेन सद्वीपाब्धिमहीधरा

pañcāśatkoṭivistārā seyam urvī mahāmune sahaivāṇḍakaṭāhena sadvīpābdhimahīdharā

O great sage, this earth, together with the shell of the cosmic egg, measures fifty crore yojanas in extent, bearing within it the continents, oceans, and mountains.

Verse 97 (vishnu.2.4.97)

सेयं धात्री विधात्री च सर्वभूतगुणाधिका । आधारभूता सर्वेषां मैत्रेय जगताम् इति

seyaṁ dhātrī vidhātrī ca sarvabhūtaguṇādhikā ādhārabhūtā sarveṣāṁ maitreya jagatām iti

This same earth is the nurse and ordainer of all, surpassing all beings in its qualities — the very support of all the worlds, O Maitreya.