Parashara on the Shudra's Service of Mendicants

Verse 1 (13.147.1)

क्षत्रा आरम्भयज्ञास्तु वीर्ययज्ञा विशः स्मृताः । शूद्राः परिचरायज्ञा जपयज्ञास्तु ब्राह्मणाः ॥

kṣatrā ārambhayajñāstu vīryayajñā viśaḥ smṛtāḥ | śūdrāḥ paricarāyajñā japayajñāstu brāhmaṇāḥ

The sacrifices of Kshatriyas are those of undertaking, and those of Vaishyas, it is remembered, are those of vigour; the sacrifices of Shudras are those of service, and of Brahmins those of recitation.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 134-135 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0134-0135); otherwise vulgate-only. The page prints the heading "`पुराशर उवाच" (13-147-1x, with a stray backtick and the misprint पुराशर for पराशर) in this row; it is made the speaker (पराशर) and removed from the text. The CE heads the passage "parāśaraḥ" (@010_0133). The page's note records "हविर्यज्ञा विशः स्मृताः" as another reading in line 1; kept as printed. Corrected शूद्रा परिचरायज्ञा → शूद्राः परिचरायज्ञा (misprint in Wikisource; visarga dropped before प; CE śūdrāḥ paricarāyajñā).

Verse 2 (13.147.2)

शुश्रूषाजीविनः शूद्रा वैश्या विपणिजीविनः । अनिष्टनिग्रहाः क्षत्रा विप्राः स्वाध्यायजीविनः ॥

śuśrūṣājīvinaḥ śūdrā vaiśyā vipaṇijīvinaḥ | aniṣṭanigrahāḥ kṣatrā viprāḥ svādhyāyajīvinaḥ

Shudras live by service and Vaishyas by trade; Kshatriyas live by restraining the unwanted, and Brahmins by study of the Veda.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 136-137 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0136-0137); otherwise vulgate-only. Corrected अनिष्टनिग्रहः क्षत्रा → अनिष्टनिग्रहाः क्षत्रा (misprint in Wikisource; ā dropped, so that the bahuvrihi agrees with plural क्षत्राः; CE aniṣṭanigrahāḥ kṣatrā).

Verse 3 (13.147.3)

तपसा शोभते विप्रो राजन्यः पालनादिभिः । आतिथ्येन तथा वैश्यः शूद्रो दास्येन शोभते ॥

tapasā śobhate vipro rājanyaḥ pālanādibhiḥ | ātithyena tathā vaiśyaḥ śūdro dāsyena śobhate

A Brahmin shines by austerity, a Kshatriya by protection and the like, a Vaishya by hospitality, and a Shudra by servitude.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 138-139 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0138-0139); otherwise vulgate-only.

Verse 4 (13.147.4)

यतात्मना तु शूद्रेण शुश्रूषा नित्यमेव च । कर्तव्या त्रिषु वर्णेषु प्रायेणाश्रमवासिषु ॥

yatātmanā tu śūdreṇa śuśrūṣā nityameva ca | kartavyā triṣu varṇeṣu prāyeṇāśramavāsiṣu

A Shudra of controlled self should always do service to the three classes, chiefly to those who live in the stages of life.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 140-141 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0140-0141); otherwise vulgate-only.

Verse 5 (13.147.5)

अशक्तेन त्रिवर्गस्य सेव्या ह्याश्रमवासिनः । यथाशक्यं यथाप्रज्ञं यथाधर्मं यथाश्रुतम् ॥

aśaktena trivargasya sevyā hyāśramavāsinaḥ | yathāśakyaṃ yathāprajñaṃ yathādharmaṃ yathāśrutam

One who cannot serve the three classes should serve those who live in the stages of life, as far as he is able, as far as he understands, according to dharma and according to what he has heard.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 142-143 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0142-0143); otherwise vulgate-only.

Verse 6 (13.147.6)

विशेषेणैव कर्तव्या शुश्रूषा भिक्षुकाश्रमे ॥

viśeṣeṇaiva kartavyā śuśrūṣā bhikṣukāśrame

Service is to be done especially in the mendicant's stage of life.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: line 144 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0144); otherwise vulgate-only. A single line on the page (13-147-6a); it matches a single CE line (@010_0144) and nothing is lost.

Verse 7 (13.147.7)

आश्रमाणां तु सर्वेषां चतुर्णां भिक्षुकाश्रमम् । प्रधानमिति वर्ण्यन्ते शिष्टाः शास्त्रविनिश्चये ॥

āśramāṇāṃ tu sarveṣāṃ caturṇāṃ bhikṣukāśramam | pradhānamiti varṇyante śiṣṭāḥ śāstraviniścaye

Of all four stages of life, the wise declare the mendicant's stage to be the foremost, where the scriptures are settled.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 145-146 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0145-0146); otherwise vulgate-only.

Verse 8 (13.147.8)

यच्चोपदिश्यते शिष्टैः श्रुतिस्मृतिविधानतः । तथाऽऽस्थेयमशक्तेन स धर्म इति निश्चितः ॥

yaccopadiśyate śiṣṭaiḥ śrutismṛtividhānataḥ | tathā''stheyamaśaktena sa dharma iti niścitaḥ

What the good teach according to the rule of Shruti and Smriti is to be followed, as far as possible, by one who is unable to do more; that is settled as dharma.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 147-148 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0147-0148); otherwise vulgate-only.

Verse 9 (13.147.9)

अतोऽन्यथा तु कुर्वाणः श्रेयो नाप्नोति मानवः । तस्माद्भिक्षुषु शूद्रेण कार्यमात्महितं सदा ॥

ato'nyathā tu kurvāṇaḥ śreyo nāpnoti mānavaḥ | tasmādbhikṣuṣu śūdreṇa kāryamātmahitaṃ sadā

A man who acts otherwise does not attain the good. Therefore a Shudra should always do what is for his own benefit among the mendicants.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 149-150 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0149-0150); otherwise vulgate-only.

Verse 10 (13.147.10)

इह यत्कुरुते श्रेयस्तत्प्रेत्य समुपाश्नुते । तच्चानसूयता कार्यं कर्तव्यं यद्धि मन्यते ॥

iha yatkurute śreyastatpretya samupāśnute | taccānasūyatā kāryaṃ kartavyaṃ yaddhi manyate

The good a man does here he reaps after death; and it should be done without ill-will, doing what he thinks right.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 151-152 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0151-0152); otherwise vulgate-only.

Verse 11 (13.147.11)

असूयता तु तस्येह फलं दुःखादवाप्यते । प्रियवादी जितक्रोधो वीततन्द्रीरमत्सरः ॥

asūyatā tu tasyeha phalaṃ duḥkhādavāpyate | priyavādī jitakrodho vītatandrīramatsaraḥ

For one who acts with ill-will, the fruit here comes only through pain. Kind in speech, having conquered anger, free of sloth and envy,

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 153-154 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0153-0154); otherwise vulgate-only. Line 1: Wikisource "असूयता तु तस्येह" is a variant of CE "asūyatā kṛtasyeha"; kept.

Verse 12 (13.147.12)

क्षमावाञ्शीलसम्पन्नः सत्यधर्मपरायणः । आपद्भावेन कुर्याद्धि शुश्रूषां भिक्षुकाश्रमे ॥

kṣamāvāñśīlasampannaḥ satyadharmaparāyaṇaḥ | āpadbhāvena kuryāddhi śuśrūṣāṃ bhikṣukāśrame

patient, of good character, devoted to truth and dharma, he should do service in the mendicant's stage of life as though in time of need.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 155-156 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0155-0156); otherwise vulgate-only.

Verse 13 (13.147.13)

अयं मे परमो धर्मस्त्वनेनेदं सुदुष्करम् । संसारसागरं घोरं तरिष्यामि न संशयः ॥

ayaṃ me paramo dharmastvanenedaṃ suduṣkaram | saṃsārasāgaraṃ ghoraṃ tariṣyāmi na saṃśayaḥ

'This is my highest dharma; by it I shall surely cross the terrible ocean of rebirth, hard as that is to cross.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 157-158 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0157-0158); otherwise vulgate-only. Line 1: Wikisource "त्वनेनेदं" is a variant of CE "tv anenemaṃ"; kept.

Verse 14 (13.147.14)

विभयो देहमुत्सृज्य यास्यामि परमां गतिम् । नातः परं ममाप्यन्य एष धर्मः सनातनः ॥

vibhayo dehamutsṛjya yāsyāmi paramāṃ gatim | nātaḥ paraṃ mamāpyanya eṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ

Fearless, I shall give up the body and go to the highest goal. For me there is no other dharma beyond this; this one is eternal.'

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 159-160 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0159-0160); otherwise vulgate-only.

Verse 15 (13.147.15)

एवं सञ्चिन्त्य मनसा शूद्रो बुद्धिसमाधिना । कुर्यादविमना नित्यं शुश्रूषाधर्ममुत्तमम् ॥

evaṃ sañcintya manasā śūdro buddhisamādhinā | kuryādavimanā nityaṃ śuśrūṣādharmamuttamam

Reflecting thus in his mind, with steadiness of understanding, the Shudra should always, with a cheerful heart, practise the best dharma of service.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 161-162 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0161-0162); otherwise vulgate-only.

Verse 16 (13.147.16)

शुश्रूषानियमेनेह भाव्यं शिष्टाशिना सदा । शमान्वितेन दान्तेन कार्याकार्यविदा सदा ॥

śuśrūṣāniyameneha bhāvyaṃ śiṣṭāśinā sadā | śamānvitena dāntena kāryākāryavidā sadā

In the discipline of service he should always be one who lives on what the good leave, calm, self-controlled, knowing what should and should not be done.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 163-164 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0163-0164); otherwise vulgate-only.

Verse 17 (13.147.17)

सर्वकार्येषु कृत्यानि कृतान्येव तु दर्शयेत् । यथा प्रियो भवेद्भिक्षुस्तथा कार्यं प्रसाधयेत् ॥

sarvakāryeṣu kṛtyāni kṛtānyeva tu darśayet | yathā priyo bhavedbhikṣustathā kāryaṃ prasādhayet

In every task he should show that things are already done; and he should carry out the task in whatever way the mendicant will be pleased.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 165-166 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0165-0166); otherwise vulgate-only. Corrected दुर्शयेत् → दर्शयेत् (misprint in Wikisource; stray u; CE darśayet).

Verse 18 (13.147.18)

यदकल्प्यं भवेद्भिक्षोर्न तत्कार्यं समाचरेत् । यथाऽऽश्रमस्याविरुद्धं धर्ममात्राभिसंहितम् ॥

yadakalpyaṃ bhavedbhikṣorna tatkāryaṃ samācaret | yathā''śramasyāviruddhaṃ dharmamātrābhisaṃhitam

He should not do what is unsuitable for the mendicant. What is not contrary to his stage of life and is bound to dharma alone,

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 167-168 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0167-0168); otherwise vulgate-only. Wikisource "यदकल्प्यं" and "यथाऽऽश्रमस्य" are variants of CE "yad akalpaṃ" and "yad āśramasya"; kept.

Verse 19 (13.147.19)

तत्कार्यमविचारेण नित्यमेव शुभार्थिना । मनसा कर्मणा वाचा नित्यमेव प्रसादयेत् ॥

tatkāryamavicāreṇa nityameva śubhārthinā | manasā karmaṇā vācā nityameva prasādayet

that he should do without hesitation, always, seeking his good. By mind, deed and word he should always please them.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 169-170 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0169-0170); otherwise vulgate-only. Corrected कर्ममा → कर्मणा (misprint in Wikisource; म for ण; CE karmaṇā).

Verse 20 (13.147.20)

स्थातव्यं तिष्ठमानेषु गच्छमानाननुव्रजेत् । आसीनेष्वासितव्यं च नित्यमेवानुवर्तता ॥

sthātavyaṃ tiṣṭhamāneṣu gacchamānānanuvrajet | āsīneṣvāsitavyaṃ ca nityamevānuvartatā

He should stand when they stand, follow them when they go, and sit when they are seated, always going along with them.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 171-172 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0171-0172); otherwise vulgate-only.

Verse 21 (13.147.21)

धर्मलब्धेन स्नेहेन पादौ सम्पीडयेत्सदा । उद्वर्तनादींश्च तथा कुर्यादप्रतिचोदितः ॥

dharmalabdhena snehena pādau sampīḍayetsadā | udvartanādīṃśca tathā kuryādapraticoditaḥ

With affection born of dharma he should always press their feet, and rub and anoint them, without being bidden.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 173-174 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0173-0174); otherwise vulgate-only.

Verse 22 (13.147.22)

नैजकार्याणि कृत्वा तु नित्यं चैवानुचोदितः । यथाविधिरुपस्पृश्य संन्यस्य जलभाजनम् ॥

naijakāryāṇi kṛtvā tu nityaṃ caivānucoditaḥ | yathāvidhirupaspṛśya saṃnyasya jalabhājanam

Having done his own tasks, and always when urged, and having sipped water as prescribed and put down his water vessel,

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 175-176 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0175-0176); otherwise vulgate-only. Line 1: Wikisource "नैजकार्याणि" is a variant of CE "naiśakāryāṇi"; kept.

Verse 23 (13.147.23)

भिक्षूणां निलयं गत्वा प्रणम्य विधिपूर्वकम् । ब्रह्मपूर्वान्गुरूंस्तत्र प्रणम्य नियतेन्द्रियः ॥

bhikṣūṇāṃ nilayaṃ gatvā praṇamya vidhipūrvakam | brahmapūrvāngurūṃstatra praṇamya niyatendriyaḥ

he should go to the dwelling of the mendicants, bow to them as prescribed, and with senses restrained bow there to the teachers who are foremost in Brahman.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 177-178 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0177-0178); otherwise vulgate-only. Corrected प्रणम्यि → प्रणम्य (misprint in Wikisource; stray vowel sign; CE praṇamya).

Verse 24 (13.147.24)

तथाऽऽचार्यपुरोगाणामनुकुर्यान्नमस्क्रियाम् । स्वधर्मचारिणां चापि सुखं पृष्ट्वाऽभिवाद्य च ॥

tathā''cāryapurogāṇāmanukuryānnamaskriyām | svadharmacāriṇāṃ cāpi sukhaṃ pṛṣṭvā'bhivādya ca

Likewise he should make obeisance to those who stand first, headed by the preceptor, and, having asked after the welfare of those who follow their own dharma, greet them.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 179-180 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0179-0180); otherwise vulgate-only.

Verse 25 (13.147.25)

यो भवेत्पूर्वसंसिद्धस्तुल्यकर्मा भवेत्सदा । तस्मै प्रणामः कर्तव्यो नेतरेषु कदाचन ॥

yo bhavetpūrvasaṃsiddhastulyakarmā bhavetsadā | tasmai praṇāmaḥ kartavyo netareṣu kadācana

To the one who has long been perfected and is alike in practice, obeisance is due; never to the others.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 181-182 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0181-0182); otherwise vulgate-only. Line 1: Wikisource "तुल्यकर्मा" is a variant of CE "tulyadharmā"; kept.

Verse 26 (13.147.26)

अनुक्त्वा तेषु चोत्थाय नित्यमेव यतव्रतः । सम्मार्जनमथो गत्वा कृत्वा चाप्युपलेपनम् ॥

anuktvā teṣu cotthāya nityameva yatavrataḥ | sammārjanamatho gatvā kṛtvā cāpyupalepanam

Without speaking to them, rising, always firm in his vows, he should go and sweep and plaster the floor.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 183-184 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0183-0184); otherwise vulgate-only. Line 2: Wikisource "सम्मार्जनमथो गत्वा" is a variant of CE "saṃmārjanam atho kṛtvā"; kept.

Verse 27 (13.147.27)

ततः पुष्पबलिं दद्यात्पुष्पाण्यादाय धर्मतः । निष्क्रम्यावसथात्तूर्णमन्यत्कर्म समाचरेत् ॥

tataḥ puṣpabaliṃ dadyātpuṣpāṇyādāya dharmataḥ | niṣkramyāvasathāttūrṇamanyatkarma samācaret

Then he should offer flowers, taking flowers according to dharma; and, going out of the dwelling quickly, he should do other work.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 185-186 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0185-0186); otherwise vulgate-only. Corrected दद्यापुष्पाण्यादाय → दद्यात्पुष्पाण्यादाय (misprint in Wikisource; त् dropped; CE dadyāt puṣpāṇy ādāya).

Verse 28 (13.147.28)

यथोपघातो न भवेत्स्वाध्यायेऽऽश्रमिणां तथा । उपघातं तु कुर्वाण एनसा सम्प्रयुज्यते । तथाऽऽत्मा प्रणिधातव्यो यथा ते प्रीतिमाप्नुयुः ॥

yathopaghāto na bhavetsvādhyāye''śramiṇāṃ tathā | upaghātaṃ tu kurvāṇa enasā samprayujyate | tathā''tmā praṇidhātavyo yathā te prītimāpnuyuḥ

He should so arrange himself that there is no disturbance to the study of those in the stages of life; one who causes disturbance is stained with sin. His self should be so disposed that they become pleased.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 187-189 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0187-0189); otherwise vulgate-only. Three-line verse as printed (13-147-28a,b,c).

Verse 29 (13.147.29)

परिचारकोऽहं वर्णानां त्रयाणां धर्मतः स्मृतः । किमुताश्रमवृद्धानां यथालब्धोपजीविनाम् ॥

paricārako'haṃ varṇānāṃ trayāṇāṃ dharmataḥ smṛtaḥ | kimutāśramavṛddhānāṃ yathālabdhopajīvinām

'By dharma I am declared a servant of the three classes; how much more of those advanced in the stages of life, who live on whatever they obtain,

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 190-191 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0190-0191); otherwise vulgate-only.

Verse 30 (13.147.30)

भिक्षूणां गतरागाणां केवलं ज्ञानदर्शिनाम् । विशेषेण मया कार्या शुश्रूषा नियतात्मना ॥

bhikṣūṇāṃ gatarāgāṇāṃ kevalaṃ jñānadarśinām | viśeṣeṇa mayā kāryā śuśrūṣā niyatātmanā

of mendicants free of passion, who see only knowledge! By me, with self restrained, service should be done especially.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 192-193 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0192-0193); otherwise vulgate-only. Corrected ज्ञानदर्शिनम् → ज्ञानदर्शिनाम् (misprint in Wikisource; ā dropped, so that it agrees with भिक्षूणां; CE jñānadarśinām).

Verse 31 (13.147.31)

तेषां प्रसादात्तपसा प्राप्स्यामीष्टां शुभां गतिम् । एवमेतद्विनिश्चित्य यदि सेवेत भिक्षुकान् । विधिना स्वोपदिष्टेन प्राप्नोति परमां गतिम् ॥

teṣāṃ prasādāttapasā prāpsyāmīṣṭāṃ śubhāṃ gatim | evametadviniścitya yadi seveta bhikṣukān | vidhinā svopadiṣṭena prāpnoti paramāṃ gatim

By their grace and by austerity I shall reach the desired and auspicious goal.' Having concluded thus, if one serves the mendicants by the rule taught for him, he attains the highest goal.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 194-196 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 10, printed after 13,098.022 as 13,098.022d@010_0194-0196); otherwise vulgate-only. Three-line verse as printed (13-147-31a,b,c). The stray closing quote mark (…गतिम्।।') is removed.