The Five Kinds of Giving

Verse 1 (13.201.1)

श्रुतं मे भवतस्तात सत्यव्रतपराक्रम । दानधर्मेण महता ये प्राप्तास्त्रिदिवं नृपाः ॥

śrutaṃ me bhavatastāta satyavrataparākrama | dānadharmeṇa mahatā ye prāptāstridivaṃ nṛpāḥ

I have heard from you, dear father, firm in your vows and mighty in valour, of the kings who reached heaven through the great dharma of giving.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 0066-0067 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 14B, printed after 13.125.38 as 13,125.038d@014B_0066-0067). This whole adhyaya is vulgate/southern-manuscript text only; in the CE it is part of App. I No. 14B (13,125.038d@014B_0001-0087, spanning Wikisource adhyayas 200-201), inserted after 13.125.38. Wikisource's first row ran together the speaker heading ('[युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।', page row 13-201-1x, with an opening bracket) with the verse; the heading and bracket are dropped from the Sanskrit and the heading made the speaker.

Verse 2 (13.201.2)

इमांस्तु श्रोतुमिच्छामि धर्मान्धर्मभृतांवर । दानं कतिविधं देयं किं तस्य च फलं लभेत् ॥

imāṃstu śrotumicchāmi dharmāndharmabhṛtāṃvara | dānaṃ katividhaṃ deyaṃ kiṃ tasya ca phalaṃ labhet

Now I wish to hear of these dharmas, best of those who uphold dharma: how many kinds of gift are to be given, and what fruit does one gain from it?

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 0068-0069 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 14B, printed after 13.125.38 as 13,125.038d@014B_0068-0069). Corrected ध्रमान् → धर्मान् (misprint in Wikisource; CE 14B_0068 dharmān).

Verse 3 (13.201.3)

कथं केभ्यश्च धर्म्यं च दानं दातव्यमिष्यते । कैः कारणैः कतिविधं श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्त्वतः ॥

kathaṃ kebhyaśca dharmyaṃ ca dānaṃ dātavyamiṣyate | kaiḥ kāraṇaiḥ katividhaṃ śrotumicchāmi tattvataḥ

How, and to whom, is a righteous gift to be given? For what reasons, and of how many kinds? I wish to hear it truly.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 0070-0071 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 14B, printed after 13.125.38 as 13,125.038d@014B_0070-0071). Corrected केभ्यस्च → केभ्यश्च (misprint in Wikisource; CE 14B_0070 kebhyaś ca). The CE prints Bhishma's speaker label on the second line (14B_0071), which is Yudhishthira's; the page keeps the question with Yudhishthira, as here.

Verse 4 (13.201.4)

शृणु तत्त्वेन कौन्तेय दानं प्रति ममानघ । यथा दानं प्रदातव्यं सर्ववर्णेषु भारत ॥

śṛṇu tattvena kaunteya dānaṃ prati mamānagha | yathā dānaṃ pradātavyaṃ sarvavarṇeṣu bhārata

Listen in truth, sinless son of Kunti, to my words on giving: how a gift is to be given among all the classes, O Bharata.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 0072-0073 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 14B, printed after 13.125.38 as 13,125.038d@014B_0072-0073).

Verse 5 (13.201.5)

धर्मादर्थाद्भयात्कामात्कारुण्यादिति भारत । दानं पञ्चविधं ज्ञेयं कारणैर्यैर्निबोध तत् ॥

dharmādarthādbhayātkāmātkāruṇyāditi bhārata | dānaṃ pañcavidhaṃ jñeyaṃ kāraṇairyairnibodha tat

Know that giving is of five kinds, by its reasons: dharma, advantage, fear, desire and compassion, O Bharata. Learn the reasons.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 0074-0075 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 14B, printed after 13.125.38 as 13,125.038d@014B_0074-0075).

Verse 6 (13.201.6)

इह कीर्तिमवाप्नोति प्रेत्य चानुत्तमं सुखम् । इति दानं प्रदातव्यं ब्राह्मणेभ्योऽनसूयता ॥

iha kīrtimavāpnoti pretya cānuttamaṃ sukham | iti dānaṃ pradātavyaṃ brāhmaṇebhyo'nasūyatā

One wins fame here and the highest happiness after death; thinking thus, a gift should be given to brahmins without envy.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 0076-0077 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 14B, printed after 13.125.38 as 13,125.038d@014B_0076-0077).

Verse 7 (13.201.7)

ददाति वा दास्यति वा मह्यं दत्तमनेन वा । इत्यर्तिभ्यो निशम्यैव सर्वं दातव्यमर्थिने ॥

dadāti vā dāsyati vā mahyaṃ dattamanena vā | ityartibhyo niśamyaiva sarvaṃ dātavyamarthine

"He gives to me, or will give, or has given to me." Reasoning thus, and hearing of the need of those who ask, one should give all to the one who asks.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 0078-0079 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 14B, printed after 13.125.38 as 13,125.038d@014B_0078-0079).

Verse 8 (13.201.8)

नास्याहं न मदीयोऽयं पापं कुर्याद्विमानितः । इति दद्याद्भयादेव दृढं मूढाय पण्डितः ॥

nāsyāhaṃ na madīyo'yaṃ pāpaṃ kuryādvimānitaḥ | iti dadyādbhayādeva dṛḍhaṃ mūḍhāya paṇḍitaḥ

"He is not mine, nor am I his; if slighted he might do harm." Thinking thus, a wise man gives out of fear alone, firmly, even to a fool.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 0080-0081 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 14B, printed after 13.125.38 as 13,125.038d@014B_0080-0081).

Verse 9 (13.201.9)

प्रियो मे यं प्रियोऽस्याहमिति सम्प्रेक्ष्य बुद्धिमान् । वयस्यायैवमक्लिष्टं दानं दद्यादतन्द्रितः ॥

priyo me yaṃ priyo'syāhamiti samprekṣya buddhimān | vayasyāyaivamakliṣṭaṃ dānaṃ dadyādatandritaḥ

"He is dear to me, and I am dear to him." Considering this, a wise man should give to a friend without distress, and without weariness.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 0082-0083 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 14B, printed after 13.125.38 as 13,125.038d@014B_0082-0083).

Verse 10 (13.201.10)

दीनश्च याचते चायमल्पेनापि हि तुष्यति । इति दद्याद्दरिद्राय कारुण्यादिति सर्वथा ॥

dīnaśca yācate cāyamalpenāpi hi tuṣyati | iti dadyāddaridrāya kāruṇyāditi sarvathā

"He is wretched and begs, and is satisfied with even a little." Thinking thus, one should give to the poor out of compassion, in every way.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 0084-0085 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 14B, printed after 13.125.38 as 13,125.038d@014B_0084-0085).

Verse 11 (13.201.11)

इति पञ्चविधं दानं पुण्यकीर्तिविवर्धनम् । यथाशक्त्या प्रदातव्यमेवमाह प्रजापतिः ॥

iti pañcavidhaṃ dānaṃ puṇyakīrtivivardhanam | yathāśaktyā pradātavyamevamāha prajāpatiḥ

Thus giving is of five kinds, increasing merit and fame. It should be given according to one's ability; so said Prajapati.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 0086-0087 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 14B, printed after 13.125.38 as 13,125.038d@014B_0086-0087). Stray closing bracket '।।]' after the last line removed (Wikisource page bracket; not part of the verse).