The Duties of the Four Castes and the Four Stages of Life

Verse 1 (13.208.1)

हन्त ते कथयिष्यामि यत्ते देवि मनःप्रियम् । शृणु तत्सर्वमखिलं धर्मं वर्णाश्रमाश्रितम् ॥

hanta te kathayiṣyāmi yatte devi manaḥpriyam | śṛṇu tatsarvamakhilaṃ dharmaṃ varṇāśramāśritam

"Very well, I shall tell you, goddess, what is dear to your heart. Listen to all of it in full: the dharma that rests on the castes and the stages of life."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0451-0452.

Verse 2 (13.208.2)

ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्याः शुद्राश्चेति चतुर्विधम् । ब्राह्मणा विहिताः पूर्वं लोकतन्त्रमभीप्सता । कर्माणि च तदर्हाणि शास्त्रेषु विहितानि वै ॥

brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ śudrāśceti caturvidham | brāhmaṇā vihitāḥ pūrvaṃ lokatantramabhīpsatā | karmāṇi ca tadarhāṇi śāstreṣu vihitāni vai

"Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras: thus there are four kinds. The Brahmins were ordained first, by one who wished to establish the order of the world, and the works fitting to them are laid down in the scriptures."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0453-0455.

Verse 3 (13.208.3)

यदीदमेकवर्णं स्याज्जगत्सर्वं विनश्यति । सहैव देवि वर्णानि चत्वारि विहितान्यतः ॥

yadīdamekavarṇaṃ syājjagatsarvaṃ vinaśyati | sahaiva devi varṇāni catvāri vihitānyataḥ

"If this world were of a single caste, everything would perish. That is why, goddess, the four castes were ordained together."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0456-0457.

Verse 4 (13.208.4)

मुखतो ब्राह्मणाः सृष्टास्तस्मात्ते वाग्विशारदाः । बाहुभ्यां क्षत्रियाः सृष्टास्तस्मात्ते बाहुगर्विताः ॥

mukhato brāhmaṇāḥ sṛṣṭāstasmātte vāgviśāradāḥ | bāhubhyāṃ kṣatriyāḥ sṛṣṭāstasmātte bāhugarvitāḥ

"From the mouth the Brahmins were created, so they are skilled in speech; from the arms the Kshatriyas were created, so they take pride in their arms."

Note on the text: Corrected सृष्टस्तस्मात्ते → सृष्टास्तस्मात्ते (misprint in Wikisource; plural सृष्टाः required with ब्राह्मणाः, as in the parallel line b; Appendix I reads sṛṣṭās). Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0458-0459.

Verse 5 (13.208.5)

ऊरुभ्यामुद्गता वैश्यास्तस्माद्वार्तोपजीविनः । शूद्राश्च पादतः सृष्टास्तस्मात्ते परिचारकाः ॥

ūrubhyāmudgatā vaiśyāstasmādvārtopajīvinaḥ | śūdrāśca pādataḥ sṛṣṭāstasmātte paricārakāḥ

"From the thighs the Vaishyas came forth, so they live by farming, herding and trade; and from the feet the Shudras were created, so they are servants."

Note on the text: Corrected परिचाकाः → परिचारकाः (misprint in Wikisource; dropped र; Appendix I reads paricārakāḥ). Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0460-0461.

Verse 6 (13.208.6)

तेषां धर्मांश्च कर्माणि शृणु देवि समाहिता । विप्राः कृता भूमिदेवा लोकानां धारणे कृताः । ते कैश्चिन्नावमन्तव्या ब्राह्मणा हितमिच्छुभिः ॥

teṣāṃ dharmāṃśca karmāṇi śṛṇu devi samāhitā | viprāḥ kṛtā bhūmidevā lokānāṃ dhāraṇe kṛtāḥ | te kaiścinnāvamantavyā brāhmaṇā hitamicchubhiḥ

"Listen, goddess, with attention, to their duties and their works. Brahmins were made the gods of the earth and appointed to uphold the worlds. They are not to be slighted by anyone who desires his own good."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0462-0464.

Verse 7 (13.208.7)

यदि ते ब्राह्मणा न स्युर्दानयोगवहाः सदा । उभयोर्लोकयोर्देवि स्थितिर्न स्यात्समासतः ॥

yadi te brāhmaṇā na syurdānayogavahāḥ sadā | ubhayorlokayordevi sthitirna syātsamāsataḥ

"If those Brahmins, who always carry the burden of giving and of yoga, did not exist, then, goddess, there would in short be no stability in either world."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0465-0466.

Verse 8 (13.208.8)

लोकेषु दुर्लभं किंतु ब्राह्मणत्वमिति स्मृतम् । अबुधो वा दरिद्रो वा पूजनीयः सदैव सः ॥

lokeṣu durlabhaṃ kiṃtu brāhmaṇatvamiti smṛtam | abudho vā daridro vā pūjanīyaḥ sadaiva saḥ

"Yet the state of being a Brahmin is rare in the worlds, so it is held. Whether ignorant or poor, he is always to be honoured."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0467-0468.

Verse 9 (13.208.9)

ब्राह्मणान्योऽवमन्येत निन्देच्च क्रोधयेच्च वा । प्रहरेत हरेद्वाऽपि धनं तेषां नराधमः ॥

brāhmaṇānyo'vamanyeta nindecca krodhayecca vā | prahareta haredvā'pi dhanaṃ teṣāṃ narādhamaḥ

"The lowest of men who insults Brahmins, or reviles them, or angers them, or strikes them, or seizes their wealth,"

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0469-0470.

Verse 10 (13.208.10)

कारयेद्धीनकर्मणि कामलोभविमोहनात् । स च मामवमन्येत मां क्रोधयति निन्दति ॥

kārayeddhīnakarmaṇi kāmalobhavimohanāt | sa ca māmavamanyeta māṃ krodhayati nindati

"or, out of desire, greed or delusion, makes them do low work, insults me; he angers and reviles me."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0471-0472.

Verse 11 (13.208.11)

मामेव प्रहरेन्मूढो मद्धनस्यापहारकः । मामेव प्रेषणं कृत्वा निन्दते मूढचेतनः ॥

māmeva praharenmūḍho maddhanasyāpahārakaḥ | māmeva preṣaṇaṃ kṛtvā nindate mūḍhacetanaḥ

"The deluded man strikes me myself, and he is the plunderer of my wealth. Making me his errand-runner, the foolish-minded one reviles me."

Note on the text: Corrected निदन्ते → निन्दते (misprint in Wikisource; निन्दते "reviles"; the form निदन्ते is not a word (Appendix I has a different reading here, nandate)). Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0473-0474.

Verse 12 (13.208.12)

स्वाध्यायो यजनं दानं तस्य धर्म इति स्थितिः । कर्मण्यध्यापनं चैव याजनं च प्रतिग्रहः । सत्यं शान्तिस्तपः शौचं तस्य धर्मः सनातनः ॥

svādhyāyo yajanaṃ dānaṃ tasya dharma iti sthitiḥ | karmaṇyadhyāpanaṃ caiva yājanaṃ ca pratigrahaḥ | satyaṃ śāntistapaḥ śaucaṃ tasya dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ

"Study, sacrifice and giving are his dharma, so it is established. Teaching, officiating at sacrifices and accepting gifts are his works; truth, calm, austerity and purity are his eternal dharma."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0475-0477.

Verse 13 (13.208.13)

विक्रयो रसधान्यानां ब्राह्मणस्य विगर्हितः । अनापदि च शूद्रान्नं वृषलीसङ्ग्रहस्तथा ॥

vikrayo rasadhānyānāṃ brāhmaṇasya vigarhitaḥ | anāpadi ca śūdrānnaṃ vṛṣalīsaṅgrahastathā

"The sale of juices and grain is condemned for a Brahmin, as is eating a Shudra's food when there is no distress, and keeping a Shudra woman."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0478-0479.

Verse 14 (13.208.14)

तप एव सदा धर्मो ब्राह्मणस्य न संशयः । स तु धर्मार्थमुत्पन्नः पूर्वं धात्रा तपोबलात् ॥

tapa eva sadā dharmo brāhmaṇasya na saṃśayaḥ | sa tu dharmārthamutpannaḥ pūrvaṃ dhātrā tapobalāt

"Austerity alone is always the Brahmin's dharma, without doubt. Long ago he was brought forth by the Creator, through the power of austerity, for the sake of dharma."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0480-0481.

Verse 15 (13.208.15)

तस्योपनयनं धर्मो नित्यं चोदकधारणम् । शास्त्रस्य श्रवणं धर्मो देवव्रतनिषेवणम् ॥

tasyopanayanaṃ dharmo nityaṃ codakadhāraṇam | śāstrasya śravaṇaṃ dharmo devavrataniṣevaṇam

"His dharma is the sacred-thread initiation and always carrying water; hearing the scriptures, and the keeping of the gods' observances;"

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0482-0483.

Verse 16 (13.208.16)

अग्निकार्यं परो धर्मो नित्ययज्ञोपवीतिता । शूद्रान्नवर्जनं धर्मो धर्मः सत्पथसेवनम् । धर्मो नित्योपवासित्वं ब्रह्मचर्यं परं तथा ॥

agnikāryaṃ paro dharmo nityayajñopavītitā | śūdrānnavarjanaṃ dharmo dharmaḥ satpathasevanam | dharmo nityopavāsitvaṃ brahmacaryaṃ paraṃ tathā

"tending the sacred fire is a supreme duty, as is always wearing the sacred thread; giving up a Shudra's food is dharma, following the path of the good is dharma, constant fasting is dharma, and supreme celibacy likewise."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0484-0486.

Verse 17 (13.208.17)

गृहस्थस्य परो धर्मो गृहस्थाश्रमिणस्तथा । गृहसम्मार्जनं धर्म आलेपनविधिस्तथा ॥

gṛhasthasya paro dharmo gṛhasthāśramiṇastathā | gṛhasammārjanaṃ dharma ālepanavidhistathā

"Supreme is the dharma of the householder, and so of those who live in the householder's stage: sweeping the house is dharma, and so is the rite of smearing it."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0487-0488. Line a differs from Appendix I (0487 reads amṛtāśyaṃ paraṃ dharmo gṛhapuṣpabalis tathā); the Wikisource line is kept.

Verse 18 (13.208.18)

अतिथिप्रियता धर्मो धर्मस्त्रेताग्निधारणम् । इष्टिर्वा पशुबन्धाश्च विधिपूर्वं परंतप ॥

atithipriyatā dharmo dharmastretāgnidhāraṇam | iṣṭirvā paśubandhāśca vidhipūrvaṃ paraṃtapa

"Honouring guests is dharma, and keeping the three sacred fires is dharma; so are the ishti sacrifices, or the animal sacrifices, performed according to rule, O scourge of your foes."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0489-0490.

Verse 19 (13.208.19)

दम्पत्योः समशीलत्वं धर्मो वै गृहमेधिनाम् । एवं द्विजन्मनो धर्मो गार्हस्थ्ये धर्मधारणम् ॥

dampatyoḥ samaśīlatvaṃ dharmo vai gṛhamedhinām | evaṃ dvijanmano dharmo gārhasthye dharmadhāraṇam

"Likeness of temper between husband and wife is the dharma of householders. Such is the dharma of the twice-born: upholding dharma within the householder's life."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0491-0492.

Verse 20 (13.208.20)

यस्तु क्षत्रगतो धर्मस्त्वया देवि प्रचोदितः । तमहं ते प्रवक्ष्यामि शृणु देवि समाहिता ॥

yastu kṣatragato dharmastvayā devi pracoditaḥ | tamahaṃ te pravakṣyāmi śṛṇu devi samāhitā

"The dharma that belongs to the Kshatriya, which you asked about, goddess, I shall tell you now; listen attentively, goddess."

Note on the text: Corrected प्रयोदितः → प्रचोदितः (misprint in Wikisource; प्रचोदितः "asked, urged"; Appendix I reads pracoditaḥ). Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0493-0494.

Verse 21 (13.208.21)

क्षत्रियास्तु ततो देवि द्विजानां पालने स्मृताः । यदि निःक्षत्रियो लोको जगत्स्यादधरोत्तरम् ॥

kṣatriyāstu tato devi dvijānāṃ pālane smṛtāḥ | yadi niḥkṣatriyo loko jagatsyādadharottaram

"Kshatriyas, goddess, are held to exist for the protection of the twice-born. If the world were without Kshatriyas, it would be turned upside down."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0495-0496.

Verse 22 (13.208.22)

रक्षणात्क्षत्रियैरेव जगद्भवति शाश्वतम् । तस्याप्यध्ययनं दानं यजनं धर्मतः स्मृतम् ॥

rakṣaṇātkṣatriyaireva jagadbhavati śāśvatam | tasyāpyadhyayanaṃ dānaṃ yajanaṃ dharmataḥ smṛtam

"Only through the protection of Kshatriyas does the world remain eternal. For him too, study, giving and sacrifice are held to be dharma."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0497-0498.

Verse 23 (13.208.23)

दीनानां रक्षणं चैव पापानामनुशासनम् । सतां सम्पोषणं चैव कर्मषण्मार्गजीवनम् ॥

dīnānāṃ rakṣaṇaṃ caiva pāpānāmanuśāsanam | satāṃ sampoṣaṇaṃ caiva karmaṣaṇmārgajīvanam

"Protecting the wretched, disciplining the wicked, supporting the good, and living by the six paths of his calling,"

Note on the text: Corrected पापनामनुशासनम् → पापानामनुशासनम् (misprint in Wikisource; dropped long ā; Appendix I reads pāpānām anuśāsanam). Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0499-0500.

Verse 24 (13.208.24)

उत्साहः शस्त्रजीवित्वं तस्य धर्मः सनातनः । भृत्यानां भरणं धर्मः कृते कर्मण्यमोघता ॥

utsāhaḥ śastrajīvitvaṃ tasya dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ | bhṛtyānāṃ bharaṇaṃ dharmaḥ kṛte karmaṇyamoghatā

"zeal, and living by weapons are his eternal dharma. Supporting his dependents is dharma, and so is seeing that what he has done does not go in vain."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0501-0502.

Verse 25 (13.208.25)

सम्यग्गुणयुतो धर्मो धर्मः पौरहितक्रिया । व्यवहारस्थितिर्नित्यं गुणयुक्तो महीपतिः ॥

samyagguṇayuto dharmo dharmaḥ paurahitakriyā | vyavahārasthitirnityaṃ guṇayukto mahīpatiḥ

"To be rightly endowed with good qualities is dharma, and acts for the welfare of the townspeople are dharma; and always steadiness in lawful procedure, in a king who is full of virtue."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0503-0504.

Verse 26 (13.208.26)

आर्तवित्तप्रदो राजा धर्मं प्राप्नोत्यनुत्तमम् । एवं तैर्विहितः पूर्वैर्धर्मः कर्मविधानतः ॥

ārtavittaprado rājā dharmaṃ prāpnotyanuttamam | evaṃ tairvihitaḥ pūrvairdharmaḥ karmavidhānataḥ

"A king who gives wealth to the distressed gains the highest dharma. In this way the ancients ordained dharma according to the division of works."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0505-0506.

Verse 27 (13.208.27)

तथैव देवि वैश्याश्च लोकयात्राहिताः स्मृताः । अन्ये तानुपजीवन्ति प्रत्यक्षफलदा हि ते ॥

tathaiva devi vaiśyāśca lokayātrāhitāḥ smṛtāḥ | anye tānupajīvanti pratyakṣaphaladā hi te

"In the same way, goddess, Vaishyas are held to be beneficial for the conduct of the world. Others live upon them, for they yield visible fruit."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0507-0508.

Verse 28 (13.208.28)

यदि न स्युस्तथा वैश्या न भवेयुस्तथा परे । तेषामध्ययनं दानं यजनं धर्म उच्यते ॥

yadi na syustathā vaiśyā na bhaveyustathā pare | teṣāmadhyayanaṃ dānaṃ yajanaṃ dharma ucyate

"If there were no Vaishyas, the others also would not exist. For them study, giving and sacrifice are called dharma."

Note on the text: Corrected गजनं → यजनं (misprint in Wikisource; यजनं "sacrifice", as in verse 22; Appendix I reads yajanam). Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0509-0510.

Verse 29 (13.208.29)

वैश्यस्य सततं धर्मः पाशुपाल्यं कृषिस्तथा । अग्निहोत्रपरिस्पन्दास्त्रयो वर्णा द्विजातयः ॥

vaiśyasya satataṃ dharmaḥ pāśupālyaṃ kṛṣistathā | agnihotraparispandāstrayo varṇā dvijātayaḥ

"The Vaishya's constant dharma is tending cattle and farming. The three castes are the twice-born, equipped with what the agnihotra requires."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0511-0512.

Verse 30 (13.208.30)

वाणिज्यं सत्पथे स्थानमातिथेयत्वमेव च । विप्राणां स्वागतन्यायो वैश्यधर्मः सनातनः ॥

vāṇijyaṃ satpathe sthānamātitheyatvameva ca | viprāṇāṃ svāgatanyāyo vaiśyadharmaḥ sanātanaḥ

"Trade, keeping to the path of the good, hospitality, and the rule of welcoming Brahmins are the Vaishya's eternal dharma."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0513-0514.

Verse 31 (13.208.31)

तिलगन्धरसाश्चैव न विक्रेयाः कथञ्चन । वणिक्पथमुपासद्भिर्वैश्यैर्वैश्यपथि स्थितैः ॥

tilagandharasāścaiva na vikreyāḥ kathañcana | vaṇikpathamupāsadbhirvaiśyairvaiśyapathi sthitaiḥ

"Sesame, perfumes and juices must never be sold by Vaishyas who follow the merchant's way and abide on the Vaishya's path."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0515-0516.

Verse 32 (13.208.32)

सर्वातिथ्यं त्रिवर्गस्य यथाशक्ति दिवानिशम् । एवं ते विहिता देवि लोकयात्रा स्वयंभुवा ॥

sarvātithyaṃ trivargasya yathāśakti divāniśam | evaṃ te vihitā devi lokayātrā svayaṃbhuvā

"Hospitality to all, to the three classes, according to one's ability, by day and night. In this way, goddess, the conduct of the world was ordained for them by the Self-existent."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0517-0518.

Verse 33 (13.208.33)

तथैव शूद्रा विहिताः सर्वधर्मप्रसाधकाः । शूद्राश्च यदि ते न स्युः कर्मकर्ता न विद्यते ॥

tathaiva śūdrā vihitāḥ sarvadharmaprasādhakāḥ | śūdrāśca yadi te na syuḥ karmakartā na vidyate

"Likewise the Shudras were ordained as the ones who bring about all dharma. And if there were no Shudras, there would be no one to do the work."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0519-0520.

Verse 34 (13.208.34)

त्रयः पूर्वे शूद्रमूलाः सर्वे कर्मकराः स्मृताः । ब्राह्मणादिषु शुश्रूषा दासधर्म इति स्मृतः ॥

trayaḥ pūrve śūdramūlāḥ sarve karmakarāḥ smṛtāḥ | brāhmaṇādiṣu śuśrūṣā dāsadharma iti smṛtaḥ

"The first three castes have the Shudra as their root, and all are held to be workers. Service to Brahmins and the rest is called the servant's dharma."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0521-0522.

Verse 35 (13.208.35)

वार्ता च कारुकर्माणि शिल्पं नाट्यं तथैव च । अहिंसकः शुभाचारो देवतद्विजवन्दकः ॥

vārtā ca kārukarmāṇi śilpaṃ nāṭyaṃ tathaiva ca | ahiṃsakaḥ śubhācāro devatadvijavandakaḥ

"Farming and trade, the artisan's crafts, skilled work and the dramatic arts too, being non-violent, of good conduct, and a reverer of gods and the twice-born,"

Note on the text: Corrected शिल्यं → शिल्पं (misprint in Wikisource; शिल्प "craft"; Appendix I reads śilpam). Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0523-0524.

Verse 36 (13.208.36)

शूद्रो धर्मफलैरिष्टैः स्वधर्मेणोपपद्यते । एवमादि तथाऽन्यच्च शूद्रधर्म इति स्मृतः ॥

śūdro dharmaphalairiṣṭaiḥ svadharmeṇopapadyate | evamādi tathā'nyacca śūdradharma iti smṛtaḥ

"by his own dharma the Shudra obtains the desired fruits of dharma. These and the like are called the Shudra's dharma."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0525-0526.

Verse 37 (13.208.37)

तेऽप्येवं विहिता लोके कर्मयोग्याः शुभानने ॥

te'pyevaṃ vihitā loke karmayogyāḥ śubhānane

"They too have thus been ordained in the world, fit for their work, fair-faced lady."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), line 0527.

Verse 38 (13.208.38)

एवं चतुर्णां वर्णानां वर्णलोकाः परत्र च । विहिताश्च तथा दृष्टा यथावद्धर्मचारिणि ॥

evaṃ caturṇāṃ varṇānāṃ varṇalokāḥ paratra ca | vihitāśca tathā dṛṣṭā yathāvaddharmacāriṇi

"Thus for the four castes, worlds befitting each caste are ordained hereafter too, and are seen to be so, for those who follow dharma as they should, O follower of dharma."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0528-0529.

Verse 39 (13.208.39)

एष वर्णाश्रयो धर्मः कर्म चैव तदर्पणम् । कथितं श्रोतुकामायाः किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥

eṣa varṇāśrayo dharmaḥ karma caiva tadarpaṇam | kathitaṃ śrotukāmāyāḥ kiṃ bhūyaḥ śrotumicchasi

"This is the dharma that rests on caste, and the offering up of its works. It has been told to you who wished to hear; what more do you wish to hear?"

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0530-0531.

Verse 40 (13.208.40)

भगवन्देवदेवेश नमस्ते वृषभध्वज । श्रोतुमिच्छाम्यहं देव धर्ममाश्रमिणां विभो ॥

bhagavandevadeveśa namaste vṛṣabhadhvaja | śrotumicchāmyahaṃ deva dharmamāśramiṇāṃ vibho

"Lord, god of gods, homage to you, bull-bannered. I wish to hear, god, the dharma of those in the stages of life, mighty one."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0532-0533.

Verse 41 (13.208.41)

तथाऽऽश्रमगतं धर्मं शृणु देवि समाहिता । आश्रमाणां तु यो धर्मः क्रियते ब्रह्मवादिभिः ॥

tathā''śramagataṃ dharmaṃ śṛṇu devi samāhitā | āśramāṇāṃ tu yo dharmaḥ kriyate brahmavādibhiḥ

"Then listen, goddess, with attention, to the dharma that belongs to the stages of life, the dharma practised by the knowers of Brahman in the stages."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0534-0535.

Verse 42 (13.208.42)

गृहस्थः प्रवरस्तेषां गार्हस्थ्यं धर्ममाश्रितः । पञ्चयज्ञक्रियाशौचं दारतुष्टिरतन्द्रिता ॥

gṛhasthaḥ pravarasteṣāṃ gārhasthyaṃ dharmamāśritaḥ | pañcayajñakriyāśaucaṃ dāratuṣṭiratandritā

"Foremost among them is the householder, who holds to the dharma of the householder's life: the rites of the five sacrifices, purity, contentment with his wife, and untiring diligence;"

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0536-0537.

Verse 43 (13.208.43)

ऋतुकालाभिगमनं दानयज्ञतपांसि च । अविप्रवासस्तस्येष्टः स्वाध्यायश्चाग्निपूर्वकम् ॥

ṛtukālābhigamanaṃ dānayajñatapāṃsi ca | avipravāsastasyeṣṭaḥ svādhyāyaścāgnipūrvakam

"approaching his wife in her season, giving, sacrifice and austerities; not living away from home is prescribed for him, and study together with the sacred fires."

Note on the text: Corrected स्वाध्यायश्वाग्निपूर्वकम् → स्वाध्यायश्चाग्निपूर्वकम् (misprint in Wikisource; श्वा for चा; Appendix I reads svādhyāyaś cāgnipūjanam). Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0538-0539.

Verse 44 (13.208.44)

अतिथीनामाभिमुख्यं शक्त्या चेष्टनिमन्त्रणम् । अनुग्रहश्च सर्वेषां मनोवाक्कायकर्मभिः ॥

atithīnāmābhimukhyaṃ śaktyā ceṣṭanimantraṇam | anugrahaśca sarveṣāṃ manovākkāyakarmabhiḥ

"Welcoming guests, inviting them as far as one is able with what they would like, and showing kindness to all by thought, word, body and deed."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0540-0541.

Verse 45 (13.208.45)

एवमादि शुभं चान्यत्कुर्यात्तद्वृत्तिमान्गृही । एवं सञ्चरतस्तस्य पुण्यलोका न संशयः ॥

evamādi śubhaṃ cānyatkuryāttadvṛttimāngṛhī | evaṃ sañcaratastasya puṇyalokā na saṃśayaḥ

"These and other good acts the householder should do, living by that way of life. For one who lives so, there is no doubt that he gains worlds of merit."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0542-0543.

Verse 46 (13.208.46)

तथैव वानप्रस्थस्य धर्माः प्रोक्ताः सनातनाः ॥

tathaiva vānaprasthasya dharmāḥ proktāḥ sanātanāḥ

"In the same way the eternal duties of the forest-dweller have been declared."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), line 0544.

Verse 47 (13.208.47)

गृहवासं समुत्सृज्य निश्चित्यैकमनाः शुभैः । वन्यैरेव तदाहारैः वर्तयेदिति च स्थितिः ॥

gṛhavāsaṃ samutsṛjya niścityaikamanāḥ śubhaiḥ | vanyaireva tadāhāraiḥ vartayediti ca sthitiḥ

"Leaving his home, resolved and single-minded, with good observances, he should live on forest foods alone; that is the rule."

Note on the text: Corrected समुत्सृकज्य → समुत्सृज्य (misprint in Wikisource; stray क; Appendix I reads samutsṛjya). Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0545-0546.

Verse 48 (13.208.48)

भूमिशय्या जटाश्मश्रुचर्मवल्कलधारणम् । देवतातिथिसत्कारो महाकृच्छ्राभिपूजनम् ॥

bhūmiśayyā jaṭāśmaśrucarmavalkaladhāraṇam | devatātithisatkāro mahākṛcchrābhipūjanam

"Sleeping on the ground, matted hair, beard, garments of hide and bark, honouring gods and guests, and the performance of great penances."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0547-0548.

Verse 49 (13.208.49)

अग्निहोत्रं त्रिषवणं नित्यं तस्य विधीयते । ब्रह्मचर्यं क्षमा शौचं तस्य धर्मः सनातनः । एवं स विगते प्राणे देवलोके महीयते ॥

agnihotraṃ triṣavaṇaṃ nityaṃ tasya vidhīyate | brahmacaryaṃ kṣamā śaucaṃ tasya dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ | evaṃ sa vigate prāṇe devaloke mahīyate

"The agnihotra and bathing three times a day are prescribed for him always; celibacy, forbearance and purity are his eternal dharma. Thus, when his life departs, he is honoured in the world of the gods."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0549-0551.

Verse 50 (13.208.50)

यतिधर्मास्तथा देवि गृहांस्त्यक्त्वा यतस्ततः । आकिञ्चन्यमनारम्भः सर्वतः शौचमार्जवम् ॥

yatidharmāstathā devi gṛhāṃstyaktvā yatastataḥ | ākiñcanyamanārambhaḥ sarvataḥ śaucamārjavam

"Likewise, goddess, the duties of the ascetic, who leaves his house and goes wherever he will: owning nothing, undertaking nothing, purity everywhere, uprightness,"

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0552-0553.

Verse 51 (13.208.51)

सर्वत्र भैक्षचर्या च सर्वत्रैव विवासनम् । सदा ध्यानपरत्वं च देहशुद्धिः क्षमा दया । तत्वानुगतबुद्धित्वं तस्य धर्मविधिर्भवेत् ॥

sarvatra bhaikṣacaryā ca sarvatraiva vivāsanam | sadā dhyānaparatvaṃ ca dehaśuddhiḥ kṣamā dayā | tatvānugatabuddhitvaṃ tasya dharmavidhirbhavet

"begging for alms everywhere, lodging anywhere, constant devotion to meditation, purity of body, forbearance and compassion, and a mind attuned to the truth of things: that would be the rule of his dharma."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0554-0556.

Verse 52 (13.208.52)

ब्रह्मचारी च यो देवि जन्मप्रभृति भिक्षितः । ब्रह्मचर्यपरो भूत्वा साधयेद्गुरुमात्मनः । सर्वकालेषु सर्वत्र गुरुपूजां समाचरेत् ॥

brahmacārī ca yo devi janmaprabhṛti bhikṣitaḥ | brahmacaryaparo bhūtvā sādhayedgurumātmanaḥ | sarvakāleṣu sarvatra gurupūjāṃ samācaret

"The student, goddess, who from his birth has lived on alms, devoted to celibacy, should win over his teacher for his own good; at all times and in every place he should honour the teacher."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0557-0559.

Verse 53 (13.208.53)

भैक्षचर्याग्निकार्यं च सदा जलनिषेवणम् । स्वाध्यायः सततं तस्य एष धर्मः सनातनः ॥

bhaikṣacaryāgnikāryaṃ ca sadā jalaniṣevaṇam | svādhyāyaḥ satataṃ tasya eṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ

"Begging for alms, tending the fire, constant attention to water, and ceaseless study: this is his eternal dharma."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0560-0561.

Verse 54 (13.208.54)

तस्य चेष्टा तु गुर्वर्थमाप्राणान्तमिति स्थितिः । गुरोरभावे तत्पुत्रे गुरुवद्वृत्तिमाचरेत् ॥

tasya ceṣṭā tu gurvarthamāprāṇāntamiti sthitiḥ | gurorabhāve tatputre guruvadvṛttimācaret

"All his efforts are for his teacher's sake until the end of his life; that is the rule. In the teacher's absence he should behave toward the teacher's son as toward the teacher."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0562-0563.

Verse 55 (13.208.55)

एवं सोप्यमलाँल्लोकान्ब्राह्मणः प्रतिपद्यते । एष ते कथितो देवि धर्मश्चाश्रमवासिनाम् ॥

evaṃ sopyamalām̐llokānbrāhmaṇaḥ pratipadyate | eṣa te kathito devi dharmaścāśramavāsinām

"In this way that Brahmin too reaches stainless worlds. This is the dharma of those who live in the stages of life, goddess, as it has been told to you."

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0564-0565.

Verse 56 (13.208.56)

चतुर्णामाश्रमो युक्तो लोक इत्येव विद्यते । कथितं ते समासेन किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥

caturṇāmāśramo yukto loka ityeva vidyate | kathitaṃ te samāsena kiṃ bhūyaḥ śrotumicchasi

"For the four stages a world is assigned, joined to each stage; so it is known. It has been told to you in brief; what more do you wish to hear?"

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 0566-0567.