Shiva Teaches Uma About Non-Violence

Verse 1 (13.213.1)

देवदेव महादेव सर्वदेवनमस्कृत । यानि धर्मरहस्यानि श्रोतुमिच्छामि तान्यहम् ॥

devadeva mahādeva sarvadevanamaskṛta | yāni dharmarahasyāni śrotumicchāmi tānyaham

O god of gods, great god, honoured by all the gods, I wish to hear the secret teachings of dharma.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1018-1019 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1018-1019). Whole adhyaya (13-213-1 to 54) is vulgate-only text: in the CE it is part of App. I No. 15 (13,134.057d@015_1018-1127), inserted after 13.134.57. Dialogue of Uma and Maheshvara (Shiva); the page's table heads Uma at 13-213-1x. The CE's own speaker labels (umā, maheśvaraḥ) are printed one line before the speech they open and agree with the page. No stray copy of another adhyaya; no text after the colophon.

Verse 2 (13.213.2)

रहस्यं श्रूयतां देवि मानुषाणां सुखावहम् । नपुंसकेषु वन्ध्यासु वियोनौ पृथिवीतले ॥

rahasyaṃ śrūyatāṃ devi mānuṣāṇāṃ sukhāvaham | napuṃsakeṣu vandhyāsu viyonau pṛthivītale

Hear, O goddess, a secret that brings happiness to human beings: with eunuchs, with barren women, in a womb that is no womb, or on the bare ground of the earth,

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1020-1021 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1020-1021).

Verse 3 (13.213.3)

उत्सर्गो रेतसस्तेषु न कार्यो धर्मकाङ्क्षिभिः । एतेषु बीजं प्रक्षिप्तं न च रोहति वै प्रिये ॥

utsargo retasasteṣu na kāryo dharmakāṅkṣibhiḥ | eteṣu bījaṃ prakṣiptaṃ na ca rohati vai priye

those who seek dharma should never discharge their seed. Seed cast into these, my dear, does not sprout.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1022-1023 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1022-1023).

Verse 4 (13.213.4)

यत्र वा तत्र वा बीजं धर्मार्थी नोत्सृजेत्पुनः । नरो बीजविनाशेन लिप्यते ब्रह्महत्यया ॥

yatra vā tatra vā bījaṃ dharmārthī notsṛjetpunaḥ | naro bījavināśena lipyate brahmahatyayā

A man who seeks dharma should not spill his seed here or there again and again; by the destruction of seed a man is stained with the sin of killing a brahmin.

Note on the text: Corrected धर्मार्थीं → धर्मार्थी (misprint in Wikisource; stray anusvara, the word is धर्मार्थी "one who seeks dharma"; CE dharmārthī). Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1024-1025 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1024-1025).

Verse 5 (13.213.5)

अहिंसा परमो धर्म अहिंसा परमं सुखम् । अहिंसा धर्मशास्त्रेषु सर्वेषु परमं पदम् ॥

ahiṃsā paramo dharma ahiṃsā paramaṃ sukham | ahiṃsā dharmaśāstreṣu sarveṣu paramaṃ padam

Non-violence is the highest dharma; non-violence is the highest happiness; in all the treatises on dharma, non-violence is the highest state.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1026-1027 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1026-1027).

Verse 6 (13.213.6)

देवतातिथिशुश्रूषा सततं धर्मशीलता । वेदाध्ययनयज्ञाश्च तपो दानं दमस्तथा ॥

devatātithiśuśrūṣā satataṃ dharmaśīlatā | vedādhyayanayajñāśca tapo dānaṃ damastathā

Service to the gods and to guests, constant devotion to dharma, study of the Vedas, sacrifices, austerity, giving and self-restraint,

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1028-1029 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1028-1029).

Verse 7 (13.213.7)

आचार्यगुरुशुश्रूषा तीर्थाभिगमनं तथा । अहिंसाया वरारोहे कलां नार्हन्ति षोडशीम् ॥

ācāryaguruśuśrūṣā tīrthābhigamanaṃ tathā | ahiṃsāyā varārohe kalāṃ nārhanti ṣoḍaśīm

service to the teacher and elders, and pilgrimage to holy places: none of these, O lovely one, equals a sixteenth part of non-violence.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1030-1031 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1030-1031).

Verse 8 (13.213.8)

एतत्ते परमं गुह्यमाख्यातं परमार्चितम् ॥

etatte paramaṃ guhyamākhyātaṃ paramārcitam

This I have told you, the supreme secret, held in the highest honour.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: line 1032 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1032). Single-line verse on the page (13-213-8a only); the CE line is likewise a single line. Spoken by Maheshvara, as on the page.

Verse 9 (13.213.9)

यद्यधर्मस्तु हिंसायां किमर्थममरोत्तम । यज्ञेषु पशुबन्धेषु हन्यन्ते पशवो द्विजैः ॥

yadyadharmastu hiṃsāyāṃ kimarthamamarottama | yajñeṣu paśubandheṣu hanyante paśavo dvijaiḥ

If violence is adharma, O best of gods, why then do brahmins slay animals at sacrifices, at the tying of the victims?

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1033-1034 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1033-1034). Page heading 13-213-9x: उमोवाच (Uma); her speech runs to verse 14.

Verse 10 (13.213.10)

कथं च भगवन्भूयो हिंसमाना नराधिपाः । स्वर्गं सुदुर्गमं यान्ति तदा स्म रिपुसूदन ॥

kathaṃ ca bhagavanbhūyo hiṃsamānā narādhipāḥ | svargaṃ sudurgamaṃ yānti tadā sma ripusūdana

And how is it, Lord, that kings who go on committing violence reach heaven, so hard to attain, O destroyer of foes?

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1035-1036 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1035-1036).

Verse 11 (13.213.11)

यस्यैव गोसहस्राणि विंशतिः साधिकानि तु । अहन्यहनि हन्यन्ते द्विजानां मांसकारणात् ॥

yasyaiva gosahasrāṇi viṃśatiḥ sādhikāni tu | ahanyahani hanyante dvijānāṃ māṃsakāraṇāt

The king whose cattle, twenty thousand and more, were slain every single day to provide meat for the brahmins,

Note on the text: Corrected स्वादिकानि → साधिकानि (misprint in Wikisource; स्वादिक is not a word here, the sense is "twenty thousand and more"; CE sādhikāni). Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1037-1038 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1037-1038).

Verse 12 (13.213.12)

समांसं तु स दत्त्वाऽन्नं रन्तिदेवो नराधिपः । कथं स्वर्गमनुप्राप्तः परं कौतूहलं हि मे ॥

samāṃsaṃ tu sa dattvā'nnaṃ rantidevo narādhipaḥ | kathaṃ svargamanuprāptaḥ paraṃ kautūhalaṃ hi me

that king Rantideva, who gave food together with meat: how did he reach heaven? My curiosity about this is very great.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1039-1040 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1039-1040).

Verse 13 (13.213.13)

किन्तु धर्मं न शृण्वन्ति न श्रद्दधति वा श्रुतम् । मृगयां वै विनिर्गत्य मृगान्हन्ति नराधिपाः ॥

kintu dharmaṃ na śṛṇvanti na śraddadhati vā śrutam | mṛgayāṃ vai vinirgatya mṛgānhanti narādhipāḥ

Yet kings do not listen to dharma, nor trust what has been heard; they go out hunting and kill deer.

Note on the text: Corrected मृयां → मृगयां (misprint in Wikisource; dropped ग; CE mṛgayāyai "for the hunt"). Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1041-1042 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1041-1042).

Verse 14 (13.213.14)

एतत्सर्वं विशेषेण विस्तरेण वृषध्वज । श्रोतुमिच्छामि सर्वज्ञ तत्त्वमद्य ममोच्यताम् ॥

etatsarvaṃ viśeṣeṇa vistareṇa vṛṣadhvaja | śrotumicchāmi sarvajña tattvamadya mamocyatām

Tell me all this today in full detail, O bull-bannered one, all-knowing; I wish to hear the truth of it.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1043-1044 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1043-1044).

Verse 15 (13.213.15)

बहुमान्यमिदं देवि नास्ति कश्चिदहिंसकः । श्रूयतां कारणं चात्र यथाऽनेकविधं भवेत् ॥

bahumānyamidaṃ devi nāsti kaścidahiṃsakaḥ | śrūyatāṃ kāraṇaṃ cātra yathā'nekavidhaṃ bhavet

This is a matter of great weight, O goddess: there is no one who is truly non-violent. Listen to the reason, how it comes in many forms.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1045-1046 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1045-1046). Page heading 13-213-15x: ईश्वर उवाच (Ishvara, i.e. Shiva); kept as printed (the CE label is maheśvaraḥ).

Verse 16 (13.213.16)

दृश्यते चापि लोकेऽस्मिन्न हि कश्चिदहिंसकः । धरणीसंश्रिता देवि सुसूक्ष्मांश्चैव मध्यमान् ॥

dṛśyate cāpi loke'sminna hi kaścidahiṃsakaḥ | dharaṇīsaṃśritā devi susūkṣmāṃścaiva madhyamān

It is seen in this world that no one avoids harming. O goddess, creatures that live upon the earth, the very minute and the middling,

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1047-1048 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1047-1048).

Verse 17 (13.213.17)

सञ्चरंश्चरणाभ्यां च हन्ति जीवाननेकशः । अज्ञानाज्ज्ञानतो वाऽपि यो जीवः शयनासनात् । उपाविशञ्शयानश्च हन्ति जीवाननेकशः ॥

sañcaraṃścaraṇābhyāṃ ca hanti jīvānanekaśaḥ | ajñānājjñānato vā'pi yo jīvaḥ śayanāsanāt | upāviśañśayānaśca hanti jīvānanekaśaḥ

are killed again and again by one who walks about on his feet. Whether through ignorance or knowingly, any person, rising from bed or seat, sitting down or lying down, kills creatures again and again.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1049-1051 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1049-1051).

Verse 18 (13.213.18)

शिरोवस्त्रेषु ये जीवा नराणां स्वेदसम्भवाः । तांश्च हिंसन्ति सततं दंशांश्च मशकानपि ॥

śirovastreṣu ye jīvā narāṇāṃ svedasambhavāḥ | tāṃśca hiṃsanti satataṃ daṃśāṃśca maśakānapi

The creatures born of sweat that live in men's hair and clothes they kill constantly, and gnats and mosquitoes as well.

Note on the text: Corrected नरणां → नराणां (misprint in Wikisource; dropped long ā; CE narāṇām). Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1052-1053 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1052-1053).

Verse 19 (13.213.19)

जले जीवास्तथाऽऽकाशे पृथिवी जीवमालिनी । एवं जीवाकुले लोके कोसौ स्याद्यस्त्वहिंसकः ॥

jale jīvāstathā''kāśe pṛthivī jīvamālinī | evaṃ jīvākule loke kosau syādyastvahiṃsakaḥ

There are creatures in the water and in the air; the earth is garlanded with creatures. In a world so crowded with living things, who could there be that is non-violent?

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1054-1055 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1054-1055).

Verse 20 (13.213.20)

स्थूलमध्यमसूक्ष्मैश्च स्वेदवारिमहीरुहैः । दृश्यरूपैरदृश्यैश्च नानारूपैश्च भामिनि ॥

sthūlamadhyamasūkṣmaiśca svedavārimahīruhaiḥ | dṛśyarūpairadṛśyaiśca nānārūpaiśca bhāmini

With the large, the middling and the minute, with those born of sweat, of water and of plants, visible and invisible, of many forms, O fair lady,

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1056-1057 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1056-1057).

Verse 21 (13.213.21)

जीवैस्ततमिदं सर्वमाकाशं पृथिवी तथा । अन्योन्यं ते च हिंसन्ति दुर्बलान्बलवत्तराः ॥

jīvaistatamidaṃ sarvamākāśaṃ pṛthivī tathā | anyonyaṃ te ca hiṃsanti durbalānbalavattarāḥ

all this, the sky and the earth, is pervaded by living beings. And they harm one another, the stronger the weaker.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1058-1059 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1058-1059).

Verse 22 (13.213.22)

मत्स्या मत्स्यान्ग्रसन्तीह खगाश्चैव खगांस्तथा । सरीसृपैश्च जीवन्ति कपोताद्या विहङ्गमाः ॥

matsyā matsyāngrasantīha khagāścaiva khagāṃstathā | sarīsṛpaiśca jīvanti kapotādyā vihaṅgamāḥ

Fish devour fish here, and birds devour birds; pigeons and other birds live on creeping things.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1060-1061 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1060-1061).

Verse 23 (13.213.23)

भूचराः खेचराश्चान्ये क्रव्यादा मांसगृद्धिनः । समृद्धाः परमांसैस्तु भक्षेरंस्तेऽपि चापरैः ॥

bhūcarāḥ khecarāścānye kravyādā māṃsagṛddhinaḥ | samṛddhāḥ paramāṃsaistu bhakṣeraṃste'pi cāparaiḥ

Other beings, those that walk on the earth and those that move in the sky, flesh-eaters greedy for meat, grow fat on the flesh of others, and they too are eaten by still others.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1062-1063 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1062-1063).

Verse 24 (13.213.24)

सत्वैः सत्वानि जीवन्ति शतशोथ सहस्रशः । अपीडयित्वा नैवान्यं जीवा जीवन्ति सुन्दरि ॥

satvaiḥ satvāni jīvanti śataśotha sahasraśaḥ | apīḍayitvā naivānyaṃ jīvā jīvanti sundari

Creatures live on creatures, by hundreds and by thousands. Without oppressing another, no creature lives, O lovely one.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1064-1065 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1064-1065).

Verse 25 (13.213.25)

स्थूलकायस्य सत्वस्य खरस्य महिषस्य च । जीवस्यैकस्य मांसेन पयसा रुधिरेण वा । तृप्यन्ते बहवो जीवाः क्रव्यादा मांसजीविनः ॥

sthūlakāyasya satvasya kharasya mahiṣasya ca | jīvasyaikasya māṃsena payasā rudhireṇa vā | tṛpyante bahavo jīvāḥ kravyādā māṃsajīvinaḥ

On the flesh, the milk or the blood of a single large-bodied creature, such as an ass or a buffalo, many flesh-eating creatures that live on meat are satisfied.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1066-1068 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1066-1068).

Verse 26 (13.213.26)

एको जीवसहस्राणि सदा खादति मानवः । अन्नाद्यस्य च भोगेन धान्यसंज्ञानि यानि तु ॥

eko jīvasahasrāṇi sadā khādati mānavaḥ | annādyasya ca bhogena dhānyasaṃjñāni yāni tu

A single man is always eating thousands of living beings, through the enjoyment of food and of whatever goes by the name of grain.

Note on the text: Corrected दान्यसंज्ञानि → धान्यसंज्ञानि (misprint in Wikisource; द for ध, the word is धान्य "grain"; CE dhānyasaṃjñāni). Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1069-1070 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1069-1070).

Verse 27 (13.213.27)

मांसधान्यैः सबीजैश्च भोजनं परिवर्जयेत् ॥

māṃsadhānyaiḥ sabījaiśca bhojanaṃ parivarjayet

One should avoid a diet of meat and of grains together with their seeds.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: line 1071 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1071). Single-line verse on the page (13-213-27a only); the CE likewise has a single line.

Verse 28 (13.213.28)

त्रिरात्रं पञ्चरात्रं वा सप्तरात्रं तथाऽपि वा । धान्यानि यो न हिंसेताहिंसकः परिकीर्तितः ॥

trirātraṃ pañcarātraṃ vā saptarātraṃ tathā'pi vā | dhānyāni yo na hiṃsetāhiṃsakaḥ parikīrtitaḥ

He who does not harm grain for three nights, five nights or seven nights is called non-violent.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1072-1073 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1072-1073).

Verse 29 (13.213.29)

नाश्नाति यावतो जीवस्तावत्पुण्येन युज्यते । आहारस्य वियोगेन शरीरं परितप्यते ॥

nāśnāti yāvato jīvastāvatpuṇyena yujyate | āhārasya viyogena śarīraṃ paritapyate

For as long as a person does not eat, so long he is joined to merit. When food is withheld, the body is scorched.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1074-1075 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1074-1075).

Verse 30 (13.213.30)

तप्यमाने शरीरे तु शरीरे चेन्द्रियाणि तु । वशे तिष्ठन्ति सुश्रोणि नृपाणामिव किंकराः ॥

tapyamāne śarīre tu śarīre cendriyāṇi tu | vaśe tiṣṭhanti suśroṇi nṛpāṇāmiva kiṃkarāḥ

When the body is scorched, the senses within the body too, O fair-hipped one, remain under control, like the servants of kings.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1076-1077 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1076-1077).

Verse 31 (13.213.31)

निरुणद्धीन्द्रियाण्येव स सुखी स विचक्षणः । इन्द्रियाणां निरोधेन दानेन च दमेन च । नरः सर्वमवाप्नोति मनसा यद्यधिच्छति ॥

niruṇaddhīndriyāṇyeva sa sukhī sa vicakṣaṇaḥ | indriyāṇāṃ nirodhena dānena ca damena ca | naraḥ sarvamavāpnoti manasā yadyadhicchati

He who restrains the senses is happy, and he is wise. By restraint of the senses, by giving and by self-control, a man obtains everything he desires in his mind.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1078-1080 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1078-1080).

Verse 32 (13.213.32)

एवं मूलमहिंसाया उपवासः प्रकीर्तितः ॥

evaṃ mūlamahiṃsāyā upavāsaḥ prakīrtitaḥ

Thus fasting is declared to be the root of non-violence.

Note on the text: Corrected मर्हिसाया → महिंसाया, i.e. मूलमर्हिसाया → मूलमहिंसाया (misprint in Wikisource; र् and anusvara transposed, the word is अहिंसाया; CE etan mūlam ahiṃsāyā). Not in the critical edition's constituted text: line 1081 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1081). Single-line verse on the page (13-213-32a only); the CE likewise has a single line.

Verse 33 (13.213.33)

आहारं कुरुते यस्तु भूमिमाक्रमते च यः । सर्वे ते हिंसका देवि यथा धर्मेषु दृश्यते ॥

āhāraṃ kurute yastu bhūmimākramate ca yaḥ | sarve te hiṃsakā devi yathā dharmeṣu dṛśyate

Whoever takes food, and whoever treads upon the ground, all of them are violent, O goddess, as the texts on dharma show.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1082-1083 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1082-1083).

Verse 34 (13.213.34)

यथैवाहिंसको देवि तत्वतो ज्ञायते नरः । तथा ते सम्प्रवक्ष्यामि श्रूयतां धर्मचारिणि ॥

yathaivāhiṃsako devi tatvato jñāyate naraḥ | tathā te sampravakṣyāmi śrūyatāṃ dharmacāriṇi

Now I shall tell you, O you who follow dharma, how a man is truly known to be non-violent. Listen.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1084-1085 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1084-1085).

Verse 35 (13.213.35)

फलानि मूलपर्णानि भस्म वा योपि भक्षयेत् । आलेख्यमिव निश्चेष्टं तं मन्येऽहमहिंसकम् ॥

phalāni mūlaparṇāni bhasma vā yopi bhakṣayet | ālekhyamiva niśceṣṭaṃ taṃ manye'hamahiṃsakam

One who eats fruits, roots and leaves, or even ashes, and stays motionless like a painted figure: him I consider non-violent.

Note on the text: Corrected अलेख्यमिव → आलेख्यमिव (misprint in Wikisource; "unwritable" makes no sense, the word is आलेख्य "a painted figure"; CE ālekhyam iva). Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1086-1087 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1086-1087).

Verse 36 (13.213.36)

आरम्भा हिंसया युक्ता धूमेनाग्निरिवावृताः । तस्माद्यस्तु निराहारस्तं मन्येऽहमहिंसकम् ॥

ārambhā hiṃsayā yuktā dhūmenāgnirivāvṛtāḥ | tasmādyastu nirāhārastaṃ manye'hamahiṃsakam

Undertakings are bound up with violence, like fire wrapped in smoke. Therefore one who abstains from food altogether: him I consider non-violent.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1088-1089 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1088-1089).

Verse 37 (13.213.37)

यस्तु सर्वं समुत्सृज्य दीक्षित्वा नियतः शुचिः । कृत्वा मण्डलमर्यादां सङ्कल्पं कुरुते नरः ॥

yastu sarvaṃ samutsṛjya dīkṣitvā niyataḥ śuciḥ | kṛtvā maṇḍalamaryādāṃ saṅkalpaṃ kurute naraḥ

One who has given up everything, is consecrated, disciplined and pure, and, marking out the bounds of a circle, takes his vow,

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1090-1091 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1090-1091).

Verse 38 (13.213.38)

यावज्जीवमनाशित्वा कालकाङ्क्षी दृढव्रतः । ध्यानेन तपसा युक्तस्तं मन्येऽहमहिंसकम् ॥

yāvajjīvamanāśitvā kālakāṅkṣī dṛḍhavrataḥ | dhyānena tapasā yuktastaṃ manye'hamahiṃsakam

who fasts for as long as he lives, awaiting his time, firm in his vow, devoted to meditation and austerity: him I consider non-violent.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1092-1093 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1092-1093).

Verse 39 (13.213.39)

अन्यथा हि न पश्यामि नरो यः स्यादहिंसकः । बहु चिन्त्यमिदं देवि नास्ति कश्चिदहिंसकः ॥

anyathā hi na paśyāmi naro yaḥ syādahiṃsakaḥ | bahu cintyamidaṃ devi nāsti kaścidahiṃsakaḥ

Otherwise I do not see any man who could be non-violent. This needs much reflection, O goddess: there is no one who is non-violent.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1094-1095 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1094-1095).

Verse 40 (13.213.40)

यतो यतो महाभागे हिंसा स्यान्महती ततः । निवृत्तो मधुमांसाभ्यां हिंसा त्वल्पतरा भवेत् ॥

yato yato mahābhāge hiṃsā syānmahatī tataḥ | nivṛtto madhumāṃsābhyāṃ hiṃsā tvalpatarā bhavet

O greatly fortunate one, in whatever way great violence might arise, for one who has abstained from honey and meat the violence is much lighter.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1096-1097 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1096-1097).

Verse 41 (13.213.41)

निवृत्तिः परमो धर्मो निवृत्तिः परमं सुखम् । मनसा विनिवृत्तानां धर्मस्य निचयो महान् ॥

nivṛttiḥ paramo dharmo nivṛttiḥ paramaṃ sukham | manasā vinivṛttānāṃ dharmasya nicayo mahān

Abstention is the highest dharma; abstention is the highest happiness. For those who have turned away in mind there is a great store of dharma.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1098-1099 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1098-1099).

Verse 42 (13.213.42)

मनःपूर्वागमा धर्मा अधर्माश्च न संशयः । मनसा बध्यते चापि मुच्यते चापि मानवः ॥

manaḥpūrvāgamā dharmā adharmāśca na saṃśayaḥ | manasā badhyate cāpi mucyate cāpi mānavaḥ

Dharma and adharma alike are preceded by the mind, without doubt. By the mind a man is bound, and by the mind he is freed.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1100-1101 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1100-1101).

Verse 43 (13.213.43)

निगृहीते भवेत्स्वर्गो विसृष्टे नरको ध्रुवः । घातकः शस्त्रमुद्यम्य मनसा चिन्तयेद्यदि ॥

nigṛhīte bhavetsvargo visṛṣṭe narako dhruvaḥ | ghātakaḥ śastramudyamya manasā cintayedyadi

When the mind is held in check, heaven results; when it is let loose, hell is certain. If a killer, raising his weapon, thinks in his mind:

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1102-1103 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1102-1103).

Verse 44 (13.213.44)

आयुःक्षयं गतेऽन्येषां मृते तु प्रहराम्यहम् । इति यो घातको हन्यान्न स पापेन लिप्यते ॥

āyuḥkṣayaṃ gate'nyeṣāṃ mṛte tu praharāmyaham | iti yo ghātako hanyānna sa pāpena lipyate

'When the lives of others have run out, I strike only the dead,' then a killer who kills with this thought is not stained by sin.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1104-1105 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1104-1105).

Verse 45 (13.213.45)

विधिना निहताः पूर्वं निमित्तं स तु घातकः । विधिर्हि बलवान्देवि दुस्त्यजं वै पुराकृतम् ॥

vidhinā nihatāḥ pūrvaṃ nimittaṃ sa tu ghātakaḥ | vidhirhi balavāndevi dustyajaṃ vai purākṛtam

They were struck down earlier by fate; the killer is only the occasion. Fate is mighty, O goddess; what was done before is hard to cast off.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1106-1107 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1106-1107).

Verse 46 (13.213.46)

जीवाः पुराकृतेनैव तिर्यग्योनिसरीसृपाः । नानायोनिषु जायन्ते स्वकर्मपरिवेष्टिताः ॥

jīvāḥ purākṛtenaiva tiryagyonisarīsṛpāḥ | nānāyoniṣu jāyante svakarmapariveṣṭitāḥ

By their former deeds, creatures are born as animals and creeping things, in many kinds of wombs, wrapped round by their own karma.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1108-1109 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1108-1109).

Verse 47 (13.213.47)

नानाविधविचित्राङ्गा नानाशौर्यपराक्रमाः । नानाभूमिप्रदेशेषु नानाहारश्च जन्तवः ॥

nānāvidhavicitrāṅgā nānāśauryaparākramāḥ | nānābhūmipradeśeṣu nānāhāraśca jantavaḥ

Creatures of many kinds, with various and wonderful bodies, of various valour and prowess, in various regions of the earth, and with various foods.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1110-1111 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1110-1111).

Verse 48 (13.213.48)

जायमानस्य जीवस्य मृत्युः पूर्वं प्रजायते । सुखं वा यदि वा दुःखं यथापूर्वं कृतं तु वा ॥

jāyamānasya jīvasya mṛtyuḥ pūrvaṃ prajāyate | sukhaṃ vā yadi vā duḥkhaṃ yathāpūrvaṃ kṛtaṃ tu vā

For a creature being born, death is ordained beforehand, and likewise happiness or sorrow, according to what was done before.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1112-1113 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1112-1113).

Verse 49 (13.213.49)

प्राप्नुवन्ति नरा मृत्युं यदा यत्र च येन च । नातिक्रान्तुं हि शक्यः स्यान्निदेशः पूर्वकर्मणः ॥

prāpnuvanti narā mṛtyuṃ yadā yatra ca yena ca | nātikrāntuṃ hi śakyaḥ syānnideśaḥ pūrvakarmaṇaḥ

Men meet death when, where and by whom it is appointed; the decree of past deeds cannot be overstepped.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1114-1115 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1114-1115).

Verse 50 (13.213.50)

अप्रमत्तः प्रमत्तेषु विधिर्जागर्ति जन्तुषु । न हि तस्य प्रियः कश्चिन्न द्वेष्यो न च मध्यमः ॥

apramattaḥ pramatteṣu vidhirjāgarti jantuṣu | na hi tasya priyaḥ kaścinna dveṣyo na ca madhyamaḥ

Fate stays watchful among creatures who are heedless. To it no one is dear, none is hated, none is in between.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1116-1117 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1116-1117).

Verse 51 (13.213.51)

समः सर्वेषु भूतेषु कालः कालं निरीक्षते । गतायुषो ह्याक्षिपते जीवः सर्वस्य देहिनः ॥

samaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu kālaḥ kālaṃ nirīkṣate | gatāyuṣo hyākṣipate jīvaḥ sarvasya dehinaḥ

Time, the same toward all beings, keeps watch for the appointed moment. When a being's span of life is spent, the life of every embodied creature is drawn away.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1118-1119 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1118-1119).

Verse 52 (13.213.52)

यथा येन च मर्तव्यं नान्यथा म्रियते हि सः । दृश्यते न च लोकेऽस्मिन्भूतो भव्यो द्विधा पुनः ॥

yathā yena ca martavyaṃ nānyathā mriyate hi saḥ | dṛśyate na ca loke'sminbhūto bhavyo dvidhā punaḥ

As and by what means one is to die, so he dies, not otherwise. In this world it is never seen that what has been, or what will be, comes about in two ways.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1123-1124 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1123-1124). Wikisource lacks CE lines 1120-1122 (yathā yena ca martavyaṃ tathā yujyeta mṛtyunā / avaśo nīyate tatra martavyaṃ yatra yena tu / araṇye svagṛhe vāpi rātrau vāhani vā tathā); they are not added. This verse = CE lines 1123-1124.

Verse 53 (13.213.53)

विज्ञानैर्विक्रमैर्वाऽपि नानामन्त्रौषधैरपि । यो हि वञ्चयितुं शक्तो विधेस्तु नियतां गतिम् ॥

vijñānairvikramairvā'pi nānāmantrauṣadhairapi | yo hi vañcayituṃ śakto vidhestu niyatāṃ gatim

By knowledge, by valour, or by various spells and herbs: who is able to cheat the fixed course of fate?

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: lines 1125-1126 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1125-1126).

Verse 54 (13.213.54)

एष तेऽभिहितो देवि जीवहिंसाविधिक्रमः ॥

eṣa te'bhihito devi jīvahiṃsāvidhikramaḥ

Thus, O goddess, the manner of the rule concerning the killing of living beings has been told to you.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition's constituted text: line 1127 of the CE's inline Appendix I passage (App. I No. 15, printed after 13.134.57 as 13,134.057d@015_1127). Last verse of the adhyaya on the page (a single line); the CE has this line with the label maheśvaraḥ before the next speech (the next adhyaya begins at line 1128).