Karma and Caste: Why Fortunes Differ

Verse 1 (13.217.1)

भगवन्भगनेत्रघ्न कालसूदन शङ्कर । इमे वर्णाश्च चत्वारो विहिताः स्वस्वभावतः । उताहो क्रियया वर्णाः सम्भवन्ति महेश्वर ॥

bhagavanbhaganetraghna kālasūdana śaṅkara | ime varṇāśca catvāro vihitāḥ svasvabhāvataḥ | utāho kriyayā varṇāḥ sambhavanti maheśvara

O Lord, destroyer of Bhaga's eyes, slayer of Time, Shankara! Were these four castes ordained by their own natures, or do the castes come into being through action, O Maheshvara?

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1514-1516.

Verse 2 (13.217.2)

एवं मे संशयप्रश्नस्तं मे छेत्तुं त्वमर्हसि ॥

evaṃ me saṃśayapraśnastaṃ me chettuṃ tvamarhasi

This is the doubt I put to you; you ought to cut it away for me.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1517.

Verse 3 (13.217.3)

स्वभावादेव विद्यन्ते चत्वारो ब्राह्मणादयः । एकजात्या सुदुष्प्रापमन्यवर्णत्वमागतम् ॥

svabhāvādeva vidyante catvāro brāhmaṇādayaḥ | ekajātyā suduṣprāpamanyavarṇatvamāgatam

By nature indeed there exist the four, the Brahmins and the rest. But once born into one class, to pass into another is very hard to attain.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1518-1519.

Verse 4 (13.217.4)

तच्च कर्मविशेषेण पुनर्जन्मनि जायते । तस्मात्तेषां प्रवक्ष्यामि तत्सर्वं कर्मपाकजम् ॥

tacca karmaviśeṣeṇa punarjanmani jāyate | tasmātteṣāṃ pravakṣyāmi tatsarvaṃ karmapākajam

And that comes about in a later birth through particular kinds of action. So I shall tell you all of it, which is born of the ripening of action.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1520-1521.

Verse 5 (13.217.5)

ब्राह्मणस्तु नरो भूत्वा स्वजातिमनुपालयन् । दृढं ब्राह्मणकर्माणि वेदोक्तानि समाचरेत् ॥

brāhmaṇastu naro bhūtvā svajātimanupālayan | dṛḍhaṃ brāhmaṇakarmāṇi vedoktāni samācaret

A man born a Brahmin who keeps faith with his own class should steadfastly perform the Brahmin's duties laid down in the Veda,

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1522-1523.

Verse 6 (13.217.6)

सत्यार्जवपरो भूत्वा दानयज्ञपरस्तथा । सत्यां जात्यां समुदितो जातिधर्मान्न हापयेत् ॥

satyārjavaparo bhūtvā dānayajñaparastathā | satyāṃ jātyāṃ samudito jātidharmānna hāpayet

intent on truth and uprightness, and likewise devoted to giving and sacrifice; endowed with that true birth, he should not let the duties of his class lapse.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1524-1525.

Verse 7 (13.217.7)

एवं संवर्तमानस्तु कालधर्मं गतः पुनः । स्वर्गलोके हि जायेत स्वर्गभोगाय भामिनि ॥

evaṃ saṃvartamānastu kāladharmaṃ gataḥ punaḥ | svargaloke hi jāyeta svargabhogāya bhāmini

Living thus, when he has met his death he is born again in the world of heaven, for the enjoyment of heaven's pleasures, O lovely lady.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1526-1527.

Verse 8 (13.217.8)

तत्क्षये ब्राह्मणो भूत्वा तथैव नृषु जायते । एवंस्वकर्मणा मर्त्यः स्वजातिं लभते पुनः ॥

tatkṣaye brāhmaṇo bhūtvā tathaiva nṛṣu jāyate | evaṃsvakarmaṇā martyaḥ svajātiṃ labhate punaḥ

When that is spent he becomes a Brahmin and is born among men in the same way. Thus by his own action a mortal wins his own class again.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1528-1529.

Verse 9 (13.217.9)

अपरस्तु तथा कश्चिद्ब्रह्मयोनिसमुद्भवः । अवमत्यैव तां जातिमज्ञानतमसा वृतः ॥

aparastu tathā kaścidbrahmayonisamudbhavaḥ | avamatyaiva tāṃ jātimajñānatamasā vṛtaḥ

Another, however, though born of a Brahmin womb, is wrapped in the darkness of ignorance and holds that birth in contempt.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1530-1531.

Verse 10 (13.217.10)

अन्यथा वर्तमानस्तु जातिकर्माणि वर्जयेत् । शूद्रवद्विचरेल्लोके शूद्रकर्माभिलाषवान् । शूद्रैः सह चरन्नित्यं शौचमङ्गलवर्जितः ॥

anyathā vartamānastu jātikarmāṇi varjayet | śūdravadvicarelloke śūdrakarmābhilāṣavān | śūdraiḥ saha carannityaṃ śaucamaṅgalavarjitaḥ

Behaving otherwise, he gives up the duties of his class; he goes about the world like a Shudra, longing for a Shudra's occupations, always moving among Shudras, devoid of purity and of auspicious observance.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1532-1534.

Verse 11 (13.217.11)

स चापि कालधर्मस्थो यमलोके सुदण्डितः । यदि जायेत मर्त्येषु शूद्र एवाभिजायते ॥

sa cāpi kāladharmastho yamaloke sudaṇḍitaḥ | yadi jāyeta martyeṣu śūdra evābhijāyate

He too, when he comes to his death, is heavily punished in the world of Yama; and if he is born among mortals, he is born only as a Shudra.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1535-1536.

Verse 12 (13.217.12)

शूद्र एव भवेद्देवि ब्राह्मणोऽपि स्वकर्मणा ॥

śūdra eva bhaveddevi brāhmaṇo'pi svakarmaṇā

O goddess, a Brahmin too becomes a Shudra by his own action.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1537.

Verse 13 (13.217.13)

तथैव शूद्रस्त्वपरः शूद्रकर्माणि वर्जयेत् । सत्यार्जवपरो भूत्वा दानधर्मपरस्तथा । मन्त्रब्राह्मणसत्कर्ता मनसा ब्राह्मणप्रियः ॥

tathaiva śūdrastvaparaḥ śūdrakarmāṇi varjayet | satyārjavaparo bhūtvā dānadharmaparastathā | mantrabrāhmaṇasatkartā manasā brāhmaṇapriyaḥ

In the same way another, a Shudra, gives up a Shudra's occupations; intent on truth and uprightness and on the dharma of giving, he honours the sacred mantras and the Brahmins and in his heart is fond of Brahmins.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1538-1540.

Verse 14 (13.217.14)

एवं युक्तसमाचारः शूद्रोपि मरणं गतः । स्वर्गलोके हि जायेत तत्क्षये नृषु जायते । ब्राह्मणानां कुले मुख्ये वेदस्वाध्यायसंयुते ॥

evaṃ yuktasamācāraḥ śūdropi maraṇaṃ gataḥ | svargaloke hi jāyeta tatkṣaye nṛṣu jāyate | brāhmaṇānāṃ kule mukhye vedasvādhyāyasaṃyute

A Shudra of such disciplined conduct, once he has died, is born in the world of heaven; when that is exhausted he is born among men, in a leading family of Brahmins devoted to the study of the Veda.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1541-1543.

Verse 15 (13.217.15)

एवमेव सदा लोके शूद्रो ब्राह्मण्यमाप्नुयात् ॥

evameva sadā loke śūdro brāhmaṇyamāpnuyāt

In just this way a Shudra may always attain Brahmin-hood in the world.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1544.

Verse 16 (13.217.16)

एवं क्षत्रियवैश्याश्च जातिधर्मेण संयुताः । स्वकर्मणैव जायन्ते विशिष्टेष्वधमेषु च ॥

evaṃ kṣatriyavaiśyāśca jātidharmeṇa saṃyutāḥ | svakarmaṇaiva jāyante viśiṣṭeṣvadhameṣu ca

So too Kshatriyas and Vaishyas, who hold to the dharma of their class, are born, through their own action alone, among the higher and the lower.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1545-1546.

Verse 17 (13.217.17)

एवं जातिविपर्यासः प्रेत्यभावे भवेन्नृणाम् । अन्यथा तु न शक्यं तल्लोकसंस्थितिकारणात् ॥

evaṃ jātiviparyāsaḥ pretyabhāve bhavennṛṇām | anyathā tu na śakyaṃ tallokasaṃsthitikāraṇāt

Thus a reversal of class can befall men in their life after death; it could not be otherwise, since this is what keeps the world in order.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1547-1548.

Verse 18 (13.217.18)

तस्माज्जातिं विशिष्टां तु कथंचित्प्राप्य पण्डितः । सर्वथा तां तथा रक्षेन्न पुनर्भ्रश्यते यथा । इति ते कथितं देवि भूयः श्रोतुं किमिच्छसि ॥

tasmājjātiṃ viśiṣṭāṃ tu kathaṃcitprāpya paṇḍitaḥ | sarvathā tāṃ tathā rakṣenna punarbhraśyate yathā | iti te kathitaṃ devi bhūyaḥ śrotuṃ kimicchasi

Therefore a wise man who has somehow obtained a superior birth should in every way guard it, so that he does not fall from it again. Thus it has been told to you, goddess; what more do you wish to hear?

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1549-1551.

Verse 19 (13.217.19)

जन्मप्रभृति कः शुद्धो लभेज्जन्मफलं नरः । शोभनाशोभनं सर्वमधिकारवशात्स्वकम् ॥

janmaprabhṛti kaḥ śuddho labhejjanmaphalaṃ naraḥ | śobhanāśobhanaṃ sarvamadhikāravaśātsvakam

Which man, pure from his birth, gains the fruit of his birth? All that is good and bad in a man is his own, by force of his own right.

Note on the text: Corrected मधइकार → मधिकार (misprint in Wikisource; अधइकार is not a Sanskrit word; Appendix I reads adhikāra). The page prints this whole verse under उमोवाच; in Appendix I the speaker label maheśvaraḥ stands before the second line (line 1553), so there the second line is Maheshvara's answer. The page's printed heading is kept. Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1552-1553.

Verse 20 (13.217.20)

कर्म कुर्वन्न लिप्येत आर्जवेन समाचरेत् । आत्मैव तच्छुभं कुर्यादशुभे योजयेत्परान् ॥

karma kurvanna lipyeta ārjavena samācaret | ātmaiva tacchubhaṃ kuryādaśubhe yojayetparān

Doing his work he should not be stained by it, but act with uprightness. Let him himself do what is good, and set others to what is bad.

Note on the text: Wikisource आत्मैव तच्छुभं कुर्यादशुभे योजयेत्परान् (translated as printed) differs from Appendix I, which reads aśubhe naiva yojayet ('and should not set others to what is bad'); kept as the page's reading. Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1554-1555.

Verse 21 (13.217.21)

शठेषु शठवत्कुर्योदार्यष्वार्यवदाचरेत् । आपत्सु नावसीदेच्च घोरान्सङ्ग्रामयेत्परात् । साम्नैव सर्वकार्याणि कर्तुं पूर्वं समारभेत् ॥

śaṭheṣu śaṭhavatkuryodāryaṣvāryavadācaret | āpatsu nāvasīdecca ghorānsaṅgrāmayetparāt | sāmnaiva sarvakāryāṇi kartuṃ pūrvaṃ samārabhet

Toward the wicked he should act as the wicked do, toward the noble as the noble do; in calamity he should not despair; he should fight dreadful foes. In every undertaking he should begin first by conciliation alone.

Note on the text: Wikisource घोरान्सङ्ग्रामयेत्परात् differs from Appendix I ghorān saṃkrāmayet parān; kept as the page's reading. Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1556-1558.

Verse 22 (13.217.22)

अनर्थाधर्मशोकानां यथा न प्राप्नुयात्स्वयम् । प्रीयते तत्तथा कर्तुमेतद्वृत्तं समासतः ॥

anarthādharmaśokānāṃ yathā na prāpnuyātsvayam | prīyate tattathā kartumetadvṛttaṃ samāsataḥ

He is glad to act in such a way that he himself incurs no misfortune, no wrong and no grief. This, in brief, is the manner of right conduct.

Note on the text: Wikisource प्रीयते (Appendix I prayateta, 'should strive') is kept as a variant. Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1559-1560.

Verse 23 (13.217.23)

एवं वृत्तं समासाद्य गृहमाश्रित्य मानवाः । निराहारा निरुद्वेगाः प्राप्नुवन्त्युत्तमां गतिम् ॥

evaṃ vṛttaṃ samāsādya gṛhamāśritya mānavāḥ | nirāhārā nirudvegāḥ prāpnuvantyuttamāṃ gatim

Having adopted this conduct and made their home in the household life, people reach the highest goal, free of hunger and free of anxiety.

Note on the text: Wikisource निराहारा is kept (Appendix I reads nirābādhā, 'free of affliction'). Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1561-1562.

Verse 24 (13.217.24)

एतज्जन्मफलं नित्यं सर्वेषां गृहवासिनाम् । एवं गृहस्थितैर्नित्यं वर्तितव्यमिति स्थितिः । एतत्सर्वं मया प्रोक्तं किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥

etajjanmaphalaṃ nityaṃ sarveṣāṃ gṛhavāsinām | evaṃ gṛhasthitairnityaṃ vartitavyamiti sthitiḥ | etatsarvaṃ mayā proktaṃ kiṃ bhūyaḥ śrotumicchasi

This is always the fruit of birth for all who dwell in households; householders must always live in this way, such is the settled rule. All this I have told you; what more do you wish to hear?

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1563-1565.

Verse 25 (13.217.25)

सुरासुरपते देव वरद प्रीतिवर्धन । मानुषेष्वेव ये के चिदाढ्याः क्लेशविवर्जिताः । भुञ्जाना विविधान्भोगान्दृश्यन्ते निरुपद्रवाः ॥

surāsurapate deva varada prītivardhana | mānuṣeṣveva ye ke cidāḍhyāḥ kleśavivarjitāḥ | bhuñjānā vividhānbhogāndṛśyante nirupadravāḥ

O lord of gods and asuras, giver of boons, increaser of joy! Among men themselves some are wealthy and free of troubles, enjoy many kinds of pleasures, and are seen to be untroubled,

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1566-1568.

Verse 26 (13.217.26)

अपरे क्लेशसंयुक्ता दरिद्रा भोगवर्जिताः ॥

apare kleśasaṃyuktā daridrā bhogavarjitāḥ

while others are afflicted by troubles, poor and cut off from enjoyments.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1569.

Verse 27 (13.217.27)

किमर्थं मानुषे लोके न समत्वेन कल्पिताः । एतच्छ्रोतुं महादेव कौतूहलमतीव मे ॥

kimarthaṃ mānuṣe loke na samatvena kalpitāḥ | etacchrotuṃ mahādeva kautūhalamatīva me

Why in the human world have they not been made equal? O Mahadeva, I am extremely curious to hear this.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1570-1571.

Verse 28 (13.217.28)

न्यायतस्त्वं महाभागे श्रोतुकामासि भामिनि । शृणु तत्सर्वमखिलं मानुषाणां हितं वचः ॥

nyāyatastvaṃ mahābhāge śrotukāmāsi bhāmini | śṛṇu tatsarvamakhilaṃ mānuṣāṇāṃ hitaṃ vacaḥ

You are right to wish to hear it, O fortunate lady, O radiant one. Listen to all of it, in full, a saying that is for the good of men.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1572-1573.

Verse 29 (13.217.29)

आदिसर्गे पुरा ब्रह्मा समत्वेनासृजत्प्रजाः । नित्यं न भवतो ह्यस्य रागद्वेषौ प्रजापतेः । तदा तस्मात्सुराः सर्वे बभूवुः समतो नराः ॥

ādisarge purā brahmā samatvenāsṛjatprajāḥ | nityaṃ na bhavato hyasya rāgadveṣau prajāpateḥ | tadā tasmātsurāḥ sarve babhūvuḥ samato narāḥ

In the first creation, long ago, Brahma made beings in equality. For this Lord of creatures there is never love or hatred. Therefore at that time all the gods and men were alike.

Note on the text: Wikisource तस्मात्सुराः सर्वे बभूवुः समतो नराः (Appendix I tadā tasmāt samāḥ sarve babhūvuḥ sarvato narāḥ, 'all men everywhere were alike') is kept as a variant. Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1574-1576.

Verse 30 (13.217.30)

एवं संवर्तमाने तु युगे कालविपर्ययात् । केचित्प्रपेदिरे तत्र विषमं बुद्धिमोहिताः ॥

evaṃ saṃvartamāne tu yuge kālaviparyayāt | kecitprapedire tatra viṣamaṃ buddhimohitāḥ

But as the age rolled on, through the turning of time, some of them there fell into inequality, deluded in mind.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1577-1578.

Verse 31 (13.217.31)

तेषां हानिं ततो दृष्ट्वा तुल्यानामेव भामिनि । ब्राह्मणास्ते समाजग्मुस्तत्तत्कारणवेदकाः ॥

teṣāṃ hāniṃ tato dṛṣṭvā tulyānāmeva bhāmini | brāhmaṇāste samājagmustattatkāraṇavedakāḥ

Seeing the loss of those who had been equals, O lovely lady, the Brahmins who knew the causes of this came together.

Note on the text: In Appendix I the assembled beings go to Brahma (brahmāṇaṃ te samājagmuḥ); Wikisource reads ब्राह्मणास्ते समाजग्मुः ('the Brahmins assembled'), which is kept. Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1579-1580.

Verse 32 (13.217.32)

कर्तुं नार्हसि देवेश पक्षपातं त्वमीदृशम् । पुत्रभावे समे देव किमर्थं नो भवेत्कलिः ॥

kartuṃ nārhasi deveśa pakṣapātaṃ tvamīdṛśam | putrabhāve same deva kimarthaṃ no bhavetkaliḥ

O lord of the gods, you should not show such partiality. If we are all equal as your sons, why should there be strife among us?

Note on the text: No speaker heading is printed; the Brahmins' address to Brahma fills the whole verse, so it is given to them (speaker_line ब्राह्मणा ऊचुः) rather than to Maheshvara. Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1581-1582.

Verse 33 (13.217.33)

एवमेतैरुपालब्धो ब्रह्मा वचनमब्रवीत् । यूयं मा ब्रूत मे दोषं स्वकृतं स्मरथ प्रजाः ॥

evametairupālabdho brahmā vacanamabravīt | yūyaṃ mā brūta me doṣaṃ svakṛtaṃ smaratha prajāḥ

Reproached in this way by them, Brahma spoke these words: "Do not lay the fault on me; remember, O creatures, what you yourselves have done."

Note on the text: Line a is Maheshvara's narration and line b is Brahma's own speech; the verse is kept whole under Maheshvara as the introducing speaker. Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1583-1584.

Verse 34 (13.217.34)

युष्माभिरेव युष्माकं ग्रथितं हि शुभाशुभम् । यादृशं कुरुते कर्म तादृशं फलमश्नुते । स्वकृतस्य फलं भुङ्क्ते नान्यस्तद्बोक्तुमर्हति ॥

yuṣmābhireva yuṣmākaṃ grathitaṃ hi śubhāśubham | yādṛśaṃ kurute karma tādṛśaṃ phalamaśnute | svakṛtasya phalaṃ bhuṅkte nānyastadboktumarhati

"Your own good and bad has been woven by yourselves alone. Whatever kind of action one does, he reaps fruit of the same kind. A man enjoys the fruit of what he has himself done; no other can enjoy it."

Note on the text: No speaker heading is printed; Brahma's reply fills the whole verse, so it is given to him (speaker_line ब्रह्मोवाच). Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1585-1587.

Verse 35 (13.217.35)

एवं संबोधितास्तेन कालकर्त्रा स्वयंभुवा । पुनर्विवृत्य कर्माणि शुभान्येव प्रपेदिरे ॥

evaṃ saṃbodhitāstena kālakartrā svayaṃbhuvā | punarvivṛtya karmāṇi śubhānyeva prapedire

Thus admonished by the self-existent one, the maker of time, they turned about and again took up only good deeds.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1588-1589.

Verse 36 (13.217.36)

एवं विज्ञाततत्वास्ते दानधर्मपरायणाः । शुभानि विधिवत्कृत्वा कालधर्मगताः पुनः । तानि दानफलान्येव भुञ्जते सुखभोगिनः ॥

evaṃ vijñātatatvāste dānadharmaparāyaṇāḥ | śubhāni vidhivatkṛtvā kāladharmagatāḥ punaḥ | tāni dānaphalānyeva bhuñjate sukhabhoginaḥ

Thus knowing the truth, devoted to giving and dharma, they performed good deeds as prescribed, and when they died, they again enjoy those very fruits of giving, in happiness and pleasure.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1590-1592.

Verse 37 (13.217.37)

स्वकृतं तु नरस्तस्मात्स्वयमेव प्रपद्यते ॥

svakṛtaṃ tu narastasmātsvayameva prapadyate

Therefore a man himself meets with what he has himself done.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1593.

Verse 38 (13.217.38)

अपरे धर्मकामेभ्यो निवृत्ताश्च शुभेक्षणे । कदर्या निरनुक्रोशाः प्रायेणात्मपरायणाः ॥

apare dharmakāmebhyo nivṛttāśca śubhekṣaṇe | kadaryā niranukrośāḥ prāyeṇātmaparāyaṇāḥ

Others, O fair-eyed lady, have turned away from the wish to do dharma; they are miserly and pitiless, mostly wholly bent on themselves.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1594-1595.

Verse 39 (13.217.39)

तादृशा मरणं प्राप्ताः पुनर्जन्मनि शोभने । दरिद्राः क्लेशभूयिष्ठा भवन्त्येव न संशयः ॥

tādṛśā maraṇaṃ prāptāḥ punarjanmani śobhane | daridrāḥ kleśabhūyiṣṭhā bhavantyeva na saṃśayaḥ

Such people, once dead, are reborn in a later birth, O lovely lady, poor and full of afflictions; there is no doubt of it.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1596-1597.

Verse 40 (13.217.40)

मानुषेष्वथ ये केचिद्धनधान्यसमन्विताः । भोगहीनाः प्रदृश्यन्ते सर्वभोगेषु सत्स्वपि । न भुञ्जते किमर्थं ते तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥

mānuṣeṣvatha ye keciddhanadhānyasamanvitāḥ | bhogahīnāḥ pradṛśyante sarvabhogeṣu satsvapi | na bhuñjate kimarthaṃ te tanme śaṃsitumarhasi

Among men some have wealth and grain in plenty, yet are seen devoid of enjoyments though every enjoyment lies at hand. Why do they not enjoy them? You ought to tell me this.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1598-1600.

Verse 41 (13.217.41)

परैः संचोदिता धर्मं कुर्वते न स्वकामतः । स्वयं श्रद्धां बहिष्कृत्य कुर्वन्ति च रुदन्ति च ॥

paraiḥ saṃcoditā dharmaṃ kurvate na svakāmataḥ | svayaṃ śraddhāṃ bahiṣkṛtya kurvanti ca rudanti ca

Urged on by others they do dharma, not out of their own wish; casting out faith in themselves, they act and they weep.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1601-1602.

Verse 42 (13.217.42)

तादृशा मरणं प्राप्ताः पुनर्जन्मनि शोभने । फलानि तानि सम्प्राप्य भुञ्जते न कदाचन । रक्षन्तो वर्धयन्तश्च आसते निधिपालवत् ॥

tādṛśā maraṇaṃ prāptāḥ punarjanmani śobhane | phalāni tāni samprāpya bhuñjate na kadācana | rakṣanto vardhayantaśca āsate nidhipālavat

Such people, once dead, are reborn in a later birth, O lovely lady; having obtained those fruits, they never enjoy them, but sit guarding and increasing them like the keeper of a treasure.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1603-1605.

Verse 43 (13.217.43)

केचिद्धनवियुक्ताश्च भोगयुक्ता महेश्वर । मानुषाः सम्प्रदृश्यन्ते तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥

keciddhanaviyuktāśca bhogayuktā maheśvara | mānuṣāḥ sampradṛśyante tanme śaṃsitumarhasi

O Maheshvara, some men are seen deprived of wealth yet endowed with enjoyments; you ought to tell me this.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1606-1607.

Verse 44 (13.217.44)

आनृशंस्यपरा ये तु धर्मकामाश्च दुर्गताः । परोपकारं कुर्वन्ति दीनानुग्रहकारणात् ॥

ānṛśaṃsyaparā ye tu dharmakāmāśca durgatāḥ | paropakāraṃ kurvanti dīnānugrahakāraṇāt

Those who are given to compassion and love dharma, and who, though fallen into hardship, do good to others out of kindness to the wretched,

Note on the text: Corrected धर्मकामाश्चि → धर्मकामाश्च (misprint in Wikisource; चि is a stray syllable; Appendix I reads dharmakāmāś ca). Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1608-1609.

Verse 45 (13.217.45)

प्रतिपद्युः परधनं नष्टं वाऽन्यैर्नरैर्हृतम् । नित्यं ये दातुमनसो नरा वित्तेष्वसत्स्वपि ॥

pratipadyuḥ paradhanaṃ naṣṭaṃ vā'nyairnarairhṛtam | nityaṃ ye dātumanaso narā vitteṣvasatsvapi

who would restore another's property that was lost or taken by other men, and who always have a mind to give even when they have no wealth,

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1610-1611.

Verse 46 (13.217.46)

कालधर्मवशं प्राप्ताः पुनर्जन्मनि ते नराः । एते धनविहीनाश्च भोगयुक्ता भवन्त्युत ॥

kāladharmavaśaṃ prāptāḥ punarjanmani te narāḥ | ete dhanavihīnāśca bhogayuktā bhavantyuta

those men, having come under the power of time, are born in a later birth without wealth yet endowed with enjoyments.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1612-1613.

Verse 47 (13.217.47)

धर्मदानोपदेशं वा कर्तव्यमिति निश्चयः । इति ते कथितं देवि किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥

dharmadānopadeśaṃ vā kartavyamiti niścayaḥ | iti te kathitaṃ devi kiṃ bhūyaḥ śrotumicchasi

Or else one should give teaching in dharma and giving; that is the settled conclusion. Thus it has been told to you, goddess; what more do you wish to hear?

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 1614-1615.