The Measure of Gifts and the Kinds of Dharma

Verse 1 (13.239.1)

एवं कृतस्य धर्मस्य श्रोतुमिच्छाम्यहं प्रभो । प्रमाणं फलमानानां तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥

evaṃ kṛtasya dharmasya śrotumicchāmyahaṃ prabho | pramāṇaṃ phalamānānāṃ tanme śaṃsitumarhasi

O Lord, I wish to hear the measure of the fruits of dharma done in this way. Please tell me that measure.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3586-3587.

Verse 2 (13.239.2)

प्रमाणकल्पनां देवि दानस्य शृणु भामिनि ॥

pramāṇakalpanāṃ devi dānasya śṛṇu bhāmini

Listen, O lady, to the reckoning of the measure of a gift.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3588. The CE has this as one line (a single-line verse on the page also).

Verse 3 (13.239.3)

यत्सारस्तु नरो लोके तद्दानं चोत्तमं स्मृतम् । सर्वदानविधिं प्राहुस्तदेव भुवि शोभने ॥

yatsārastu naro loke taddānaṃ cottamaṃ smṛtam | sarvadānavidhiṃ prāhustadeva bhuvi śobhane

A gift of what is a man's own essential wealth in the world is declared the best; this, O fair one, they call the rule of all gifts on earth.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3589-3590.

Verse 4 (13.239.4)

प्रस्थं सारं दरिद्रस्य शतं कोटिधनस्य च । प्रस्थसारस्तु तत्प्रस्थं ददन्महदवाप्नुयात् ॥

prasthaṃ sāraṃ daridrasya śataṃ koṭidhanasya ca | prasthasārastu tatprasthaṃ dadanmahadavāpnuyāt

For a poor man the essential wealth is a prastha of grain; for a man worth ten million, a hundred. One whose essence is a prastha, giving that prastha, gains a great fruit.

Note on the text: Corrected महदषाप्नुयात् → महदवाप्नुयात् (misprint in Wikisource; ष for व; the CE reads mahad avāpnuyāt). Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3591-3592.

Verse 5 (13.239.5)

कोटिसारस्तु तां कोटिं ददन्महदवाप्नुयात् । उभयं तन्महत्तच्च फलेनैव समं स्मृतम् ॥

koṭisārastu tāṃ koṭiṃ dadanmahadavāpnuyāt | ubhayaṃ tanmahattacca phalenaiva samaṃ smṛtam

One whose essence is ten million, giving that ten million, gains a great fruit. Both are great, and both are held equal in fruit.

Note on the text: Corrected ददान् → ददन् (misprint in Wikisource; ददान् is not a valid form here; the CE reads dadan). Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3593-3594.

Verse 6 (13.239.6)

धर्मार्थकामभोगेषु शक्त्यभावस्तु मध्यमम् । स्वद्रव्यादतिहीनं तु तद्दानमधमं स्मृतम् ॥

dharmārthakāmabhogeṣu śaktyabhāvastu madhyamam | svadravyādatihīnaṃ tu taddānamadhamaṃ smṛtam

Where, through the demands of dharma, wealth, pleasure and enjoyment, one's capacity falls short, the gift is of the middling kind; one far below one's own means is held the lowest.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3595-3596.

Verse 7 (13.239.7)

शृणु दत्तस्य वै देवि पञ्चधा फलकल्पनाम् । आनन्त्यं च महच्चैव समं हीनं हि पातकम् ॥

śṛṇu dattasya vai devi pañcadhā phalakalpanām | ānantyaṃ ca mahaccaiva samaṃ hīnaṃ hi pātakam

Listen, O goddess, to the fivefold reckoning of the fruit of what is given: the endless, the great, the equal, the lesser, and the sinful.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3597-3598.

Verse 8 (13.239.8)

तेषां विशेषं वक्ष्यामि शृणु देवि समाहिता । दुस्त्यजस्य च वै दानं पात्र आनन्त्यमुच्यते ॥

teṣāṃ viśeṣaṃ vakṣyāmi śṛṇu devi samāhitā | dustyajasya ca vai dānaṃ pātra ānantyamucyate

I shall tell you their particulars; listen attentively, O goddess. A gift of what is hard to part with, made to a worthy recipient, is called endless.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3599-3600.

Verse 9 (13.239.9)

दानं षङ्गुणयुक्तं तु महदित्यभिधीयते । यथाश्रद्धं तु वै दानं यथार्हं सममुच्यते ॥

dānaṃ ṣaṅguṇayuktaṃ tu mahadityabhidhīyate | yathāśraddhaṃ tu vai dānaṃ yathārhaṃ samamucyate

A gift joined with six qualities is called great; a gift made according to one's faith and as is fitting is called equal.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3601-3602.

Verse 10 (13.239.10)

गुणतस्तु तथा हीनं दानं हीनमिति स्मृतम् । दानं पातकमित्याहुः षड्गुणानां विपर्यये ॥

guṇatastu tathā hīnaṃ dānaṃ hīnamiti smṛtam | dānaṃ pātakamityāhuḥ ṣaḍguṇānāṃ viparyaye

A gift lacking in those qualities is likewise remembered as lesser; and when the six qualities are reversed, they call the gift sinful.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3603-3604.

Verse 11 (13.239.11)

देवलोके महत्कालमानन्त्यस्य फलं विदुः । महतस्तु तथा कालं स्वर्गलोके तु पूज्यते ॥

devaloke mahatkālamānantyasya phalaṃ viduḥ | mahatastu tathā kālaṃ svargaloke tu pūjyate

They know the fruit of the endless gift to be a great length of time in the world of the gods; and for the great gift likewise, honour in the world of heaven.

Note on the text: Corrected मान्त्यस्य → मानन्त्यस्य (misprint in Wikisource; the syllable न is dropped (महत्कालम्+आनन्त्यस्य); the CE reads ānantyasya). Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3605-3606. The second line differs in wording from the CE (dānaṃ for कालं).

Verse 12 (13.239.12)

समस्य तु तदा दानं मानुष्यं भोगमावहेत् । दानं निष्फलमित्याहुर्विहीनं क्रियया शुभे ॥

samasya tu tadā dānaṃ mānuṣyaṃ bhogamāvahet | dānaṃ niṣphalamityāhurvihīnaṃ kriyayā śubhe

The gift of the equal kind brings human enjoyment; a gift devoid of proper performance, O auspicious one, they call fruitless.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3607-3608. The first line differs in wording from the CE (tathā for तदा).

Verse 13 (13.239.13)

अथवा म्लेच्छदेशेषु तत्र तत्फलतां व्रजेत् । नरकं प्रेत्य तिर्यक्षु गच्छेदशुभदानतः ॥

athavā mlecchadeśeṣu tatra tatphalatāṃ vrajet | narakaṃ pretya tiryakṣu gacchedaśubhadānataḥ

Or else it bears its fruit there, in the lands of the barbarians; and from an inauspicious gift one goes, after death, to hell or to animal births.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3609-3610.

Verse 14 (13.239.14)

अशुभस्यापि दानस्य शुभं स्याच्च फलं कथम् ॥

aśubhasyāpi dānasya śubhaṃ syācca phalaṃ katham

How can there be an auspicious fruit even from an inauspicious gift?

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3611.

Verse 15 (13.239.15)

मनसा तत्वतः शुद्धमानृशंस्यपुरःसरम् । प्रीत्या तु सर्वदानानि दत्त्वा फलमवाप्नुयात् ॥

manasā tatvataḥ śuddhamānṛśaṃsyapuraḥsaram | prītyā tu sarvadānāni dattvā phalamavāpnuyāt

A man obtains the fruit by giving all gifts with a mind truly pure, with compassion foremost, and with affection.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3612-3613.

Verse 16 (13.239.16)

रहस्यं सर्वदानानामेतद्विद्धि शुभेक्षणे । अन्यानि धर्मकार्याणि शृणु सद्भिः कृतानि च ॥

rahasyaṃ sarvadānānāmetadviddhi śubhekṣaṇe | anyāni dharmakāryāṇi śṛṇu sadbhiḥ kṛtāni ca

Know this, O lovely-eyed one, to be the secret of all gifts. Now hear of other works of dharma, those done by the good.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3614-3615. The second line differs in wording from the CE.

Verse 17 (13.239.17)

आरामदेवगोष्ठानि संक्रमाः कूप एव च । गोवाटश्च तटाकश्च सभा शाला च सर्वशः ॥

ārāmadevagoṣṭhāni saṃkramāḥ kūpa eva ca | govāṭaśca taṭākaśca sabhā śālā ca sarvaśaḥ

Pleasure-groves, temples and cattle-stalls, bridges and wells, cow-pens and tanks, assembly halls and rest-sheds everywhere,

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3616-3617. The wording differs slightly from the CE (ārāmaṃ; govāṭaṃ; sabhāḥ).

Verse 18 (13.239.18)

पाषण्डावसथश्चैव पानीयं गोतृणानि च । व्याधितानां च भैषज्यमनाथानां च पोषणम् ॥

pāṣaṇḍāvasathaścaiva pānīyaṃ gotṛṇāni ca | vyādhitānāṃ ca bhaiṣajyamanāthānāṃ ca poṣaṇam

Lodgings for sectarian ascetics, drinking water, fodder for cows, medicine for the sick, and the support of the helpless,

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3618-3619. The wording differs from the CE (bhikṣukāvasathāś; bhojanam for पोषणम्).

Verse 19 (13.239.19)

अनाथशवसंस्कारस्तीर्थमार्गविशोधनम् । व्यसनाभ्यवपत्तिश्च सर्वेषां च स्वशक्तितः ॥

anāthaśavasaṃskārastīrthamārgaviśodhanam | vyasanābhyavapattiśca sarveṣāṃ ca svaśaktitaḥ

The funeral rites of helpless dead, the clearing of the roads to holy places, and coming to the aid of all in distress, according to one's strength.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3620-3621.

Verse 20 (13.239.20)

एतत्सर्वं समासेन धर्मकार्यमिति स्मृतम् । तत्कर्तव्यं मनुष्येण स्वशक्त्या श्रद्धया शुभे ॥

etatsarvaṃ samāsena dharmakāryamiti smṛtam | tatkartavyaṃ manuṣyeṇa svaśaktyā śraddhayā śubhe

All this is remembered, in brief, as the work of dharma; a man should do it, O auspicious one, according to his ability and with faith.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3622-3623.

Verse 21 (13.239.21)

प्रेत्यभावे लभेत्पुण्यं नास्ति तत्र विचारणा । रूपं सौभाग्यमारोग्यं बलं सौख्यं लभेन्नरः । स्वर्गो वा मानुषे वाऽपि तैस्तैराप्यायते हि सः ॥

pretyabhāve labhetpuṇyaṃ nāsti tatra vicāraṇā | rūpaṃ saubhāgyamārogyaṃ balaṃ saukhyaṃ labhennaraḥ | svargo vā mānuṣe vā'pi taistairāpyāyate hi saḥ

In the next world he gains merit; there is no doubt in this. A man gains beauty, good fortune, health, strength and happiness; whether in heaven or among humans, he is gladdened by each of these.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3624-3626. Three-line verse, as on the page (13-239-21a-c). The third line differs in wording from the CE (svarge vā mānuṣe vāpi).

Verse 22 (13.239.22)

भगवन्लोकपालेश धर्मस्तु कतिभेदकः । दृश्यते परितः सद्भिस्तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥

bhagavanlokapāleśa dharmastu katibhedakaḥ | dṛśyate paritaḥ sadbhistanme śaṃsitumarhasi

O Lord, protector of the worlds, how many kinds of dharma are there? It is seen all around among the good. Please tell me.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3627-3628. The second line differs from the CE (caritaḥ for परितः).

Verse 23 (13.239.23)

शृणु देवि समुद्देशान्नानात्वं धर्मसङ्कटे । धर्मा बहुविधा लोके श्रुतिभेदमुखोद्भवाः ॥

śṛṇu devi samuddeśānnānātvaṃ dharmasaṅkaṭe | dharmā bahuvidhā loke śrutibhedamukhodbhavāḥ

Listen, O goddess, to a summary of the variety within the tangle of dharma: the dharmas of the world are of many kinds, arising from the different branches of the Shruti.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3629-3630. The wording differs slightly from the CE in the second line (śrutā vedamukhodbhavāḥ).

Verse 24 (13.239.24)

स्मृतिधर्मश्च बहुधा सद्भिराचार इष्यते ॥

smṛtidharmaśca bahudhā sadbhirācāra iṣyate

The dharma of the Smriti is also of many kinds; and the conduct of the good is likewise held to be dharma.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3631. The CE has this as one line, as does the page.

Verse 25 (13.239.25)

देशधर्माश्च दृश्यन्ते कुलधर्मास्तथैव च । जातिधर्माश्च वै धर्मा गणधर्माश्च शोभने ॥

deśadharmāśca dṛśyante kuladharmāstathaiva ca | jātidharmāśca vai dharmā gaṇadharmāśca śobhane

Dharmas of regions are seen, and likewise dharmas of families, dharmas of castes, and dharmas of groups, O lovely one.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3632-3633.

Verse 26 (13.239.26)

शरीरकालवैषम्यादापद्धर्मश्च दृश्यते । एतद्धर्मस्य नानात्वं क्रियते लोकवासिभिः ॥

śarīrakālavaiṣamyādāpaddharmaśca dṛśyate | etaddharmasya nānātvaṃ kriyate lokavāsibhiḥ

Because bodies and times differ, the dharma of emergencies is also seen. This variety of dharma is observed by the dwellers of the world.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3634-3635.

Verse 27 (13.239.27)

कारणात्तत्रतत्रैव फलं धर्मस्य चेष्यते । तत्कारणसमायोगे लभेत्कुर्वन्फलं नरः ॥

kāraṇāttatratatraiva phalaṃ dharmasya ceṣyate | tatkāraṇasamāyoge labhetkurvanphalaṃ naraḥ

The fruit of dharma is held to arise in each case from its cause; when that cause is fulfilled, the man who acts obtains the fruit.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3636-3637.

Verse 28 (13.239.28)

अन्यथा न लभेत्पुण्यमतदर्हः समाविशेत् । एवं धर्मस्य नानात्वं फलं कुर्वँल्लभेन्नरः ॥

anyathā na labhetpuṇyamatadarhaḥ samāviśet | evaṃ dharmasya nānātvaṃ phalaṃ kurvam̐llabhennaraḥ

Otherwise he does not gain merit, if one unfit for it undertakes it. Thus a man who practises the variety of dharma obtains its fruit.

Note on the text: Corrected कुर्वल्लँभेन्नरः → कुर्वँल्लभेन्नरः (misprint in Wikisource; the candrabindu is misplaced after the conjunct; the CE reads kurvaṃl labhen). Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3638-3639. The first line differs in wording from the CE (samādiśan for समाविशेत्).

Verse 29 (13.239.29)

श्रौतस्मार्तस्तु धर्माणां प्राकृतो धर्म उच्यते । इति ते कथितं देवि भूयः श्रोतुं किमिच्छसि ॥

śrautasmārtastu dharmāṇāṃ prākṛto dharma ucyate | iti te kathitaṃ devi bhūyaḥ śrotuṃ kimicchasi

Of the dharmas, the one based on the Shruti, the one based on the Smriti, and the natural (ordinary) dharma are spoken of. Thus I have told you, O goddess; what more do you wish to hear?

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition proper (vulgate recension); parallel text in Appendix I No. 15 (after 13.134.57d), lines 3640-3641.