Rules of Distress, Worthy Brahmins, and the Duties Toward Teachers

Verse 1 (14.110.1)

समुच्चयं च धर्माणां भोज्याभोज्यं तथैव च । श्रुतं मया त्वत्प्रसादादापद्धर्मं ब्रवीहि मे ॥

samuccayaṃ ca dharmāṇāṃ bhojyābhojyaṃ tathaiva ca | śrutaṃ mayā tvatprasādādāpaddharmaṃ bravīhi me

I have heard from you, by your grace, the full collection of the dharmas and what may and may not be eaten. Now tell me the dharma for times of distress.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2390–_2391; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 2 (14.110.2)

दुर्भिक्षे राष्ट्रसंबाधेऽप्याशौचे मृतसूतके । धर्मकालेऽध्वनि तथा नियमो येन लुप्यते ॥

durbhikṣe rāṣṭrasaṃbādhe'pyāśauce mṛtasūtake | dharmakāle'dhvani tathā niyamo yena lupyate

In famine, in a time of danger to the realm, in the impurity of a birth or a death, at a time of sacred rites, and on a journey, the usual rule of observance gives way.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2392–_2393; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 3 (14.110.3)

दूराध्वगमनात्खिन्नो द्विजालाभेऽथ शूद्रतः । अकृतान्नं तु यत्किंचिद्गृह्णीयादात्मवृत्तये ॥

dūrādhvagamanātkhinno dvijālābhe'tha śūdrataḥ | akṛtānnaṃ tu yatkiṃcidgṛhṇīyādātmavṛttaye

A man worn out by a long journey, who finds no twice-born to feed him, may take from a Shudra whatever uncooked grain he can get, to keep himself alive.

Note on the text: Corrected अकृतन्नं → अकृतान्नं (misprint in Wikisource; long ā dropped; CE akṛtānnaṃ). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2394–_2395; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 4 (14.110.4)

आतुरो दुःखितो वाऽपि तथाऽऽर्तो वा बुभुक्षितः । भुञ्जन्नविधिना विप्रः प्रायश्चित्तीयते न च ॥

āturo duḥkhito vā'pi tathā''rto vā bubhukṣitaḥ | bhuñjannavidhinā vipraḥ prāyaścittīyate na ca

A Brahmin who is sick, or in pain, or distressed, or hungry, and who eats against the rule, does not incur an expiation.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2396–_2397; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 5 (14.110.5)

निमन्त्रितस्तु यो विप्रो विधिवद्धव्यकव्ययोः । मांसादीन्यपि भुञ्जानः प्रायश्चित्तीयते न च ॥

nimantritastu yo vipro vidhivaddhavyakavyayoḥ | māṃsādīnyapi bhuñjānaḥ prāyaścittīyate na ca

A Brahmin who has been invited to the offerings to the gods and to the ancestors, and who eats even meat and the like in accordance with the rule, does not incur an expiation.

Note on the text: Corrected विदिवद्धव्यकव्ययोः → विधिवद्धव्यकव्ययोः (misprint in Wikisource; दि for धि; CE vidhivad dhavyakavyayoḥ). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2398–_2399; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 6 (14.110.6)

अष्टौ तान्यव्रतघ्नानि आपो मूलं घृतं पयः । हविर्ब्राह्मणकाम्या च गुरोर्वचनमौषधम् ॥

aṣṭau tānyavrataghnāni āpo mūlaṃ ghṛtaṃ payaḥ | havirbrāhmaṇakāmyā ca gurorvacanamauṣadham

These eight do not break a vow: water, roots, ghee, milk, an oblation, food taken at a Brahmin's wish, a teacher's command, and medicine.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2400–_2401; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 7 (14.110.7)

अशक्तो विधिवत्कर्तुं प्रायश्चित्तानि यो नरः । विदुषां वचनेनापि दानेनापि विशुद्ध्यति ॥

aśakto vidhivatkartuṃ prāyaścittāni yo naraḥ | viduṣāṃ vacanenāpi dānenāpi viśuddhyati

A man who cannot perform the expiations according to the rule is purified by the word of the learned, or even by giving gifts.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2402–_2403; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 8 (14.110.8)

अनृतावृतुकाले वा दिवा रात्रौ तथाऽपि वा । प्रोषितस्तु स्त्रियं गच्छेत्प्रायश्चित्तीयते न च ॥

anṛtāvṛtukāle vā divā rātrau tathā'pi vā | proṣitastu striyaṃ gacchetprāyaścittīyate na ca

If a man who has been away from home goes to his wife, whether outside her fertile season or within it, by day or by night, he does not incur an expiation.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2404–_2405; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 9 (14.110.9)

प्रशस्याः कीदृशा विप्रा निन्द्याश्चापि सुरेश्वर । अष्टकायाश्च कः कालस्तन्मे कथय सुव्रत ॥

praśasyāḥ kīdṛśā viprā nindyāścāpi sureśvara | aṣṭakāyāśca kaḥ kālastanme kathaya suvrata

O lord of the gods, of what kind are the Brahmins worthy of praise, and of what kind are those to be censured? And what is the proper time for the Ashtaka rite? Tell me this, O you of good vows.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2406–_2407; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 10 (14.110.10)

सत्यसन्धं द्विजं दृष्ट्वा स्थानाद्वेपति भास्करः । एष मे मण्डलं भित्त्वा याति ब्रह्म सनातनम् ॥

satyasandhaṃ dvijaṃ dṛṣṭvā sthānādvepati bhāskaraḥ | eṣa me maṇḍalaṃ bhittvā yāti brahma sanātanam

Seeing a Brahmin true to his pledge, the Sun trembles in his place, thinking, "This one will pierce my orb and go to the eternal Brahman."

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2408–_2409; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 11 (14.110.11)

कुलीनः कर्मकृद्वैद्यस्तथा चाप्यानृशंस्यवान् । श्रीमानृजुः सत्यवादी पात्रं सर्व इमे द्विजाः ॥

kulīnaḥ karmakṛdvaidyastathā cāpyānṛśaṃsyavān | śrīmānṛjuḥ satyavādī pātraṃ sarva ime dvijāḥ

One of good family, one who performs his rites, one who is learned, one who is free from cruelty, one who is prosperous, upright and truthful: all these Brahmins are worthy recipients.

Note on the text: Corrected श्रीमानृजउः → श्रीमानृजुः (misprint in Wikisource; stray vowel उ after ज; CE ṛjuḥ). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2410–_2411; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 12 (14.110.12)

एते चाग्रासनस्थास्ते भुञ्जानाः प्रथमं द्विजाः । तस्यां पङ्क्त्यां तु ये वान्ये तान्पुनत्येव दर्शनात् ॥

ete cāgrāsanasthāste bhuñjānāḥ prathamaṃ dvijāḥ | tasyāṃ paṅktyāṃ tu ye vānye tānpunatyeva darśanāt

These, seated in the first seats and eating first, purify by their very sight all others who sit in that row.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2412–_2413; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 13 (14.110.13)

मद्भक्ता ये द्विजश्रेष्ठा मद्भक्ता मत्परायणाः । तान्पङ्क्तिपावनान्विद्धि पूज्यांश्चैव विशेषतः ॥

madbhaktā ye dvijaśreṣṭhā madbhaktā matparāyaṇāḥ | tānpaṅktipāvanānviddhi pūjyāṃścaiva viśeṣataḥ

Those best of Brahmins who are devoted to me, devoted to me and intent on me as their goal: know them as purifiers of the row, and especially to be honoured.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2414–_2415; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 14 (14.110.14)

निन्द्याञ्शृणु द्विजान्राजन्नपि वा वेदपारगान् । ब्राह्मणच्छद्मना लोके चरतः पापकारिणः ॥

nindyāñśṛṇu dvijānrājannapi vā vedapāragān | brāhmaṇacchadmanā loke carataḥ pāpakāriṇaḥ

Now hear, O king, of the Brahmins who are to be censured, even though they may be masters of the Vedas: those who go about the world in the guise of Brahmins and do wrong.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2416–_2417; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 15 (14.110.15)

अनग्निरनधीयानः प्रतिग्रहरुचिस्तु यः । यतस्ततस्तु भुञ्जानस्तं विद्याद्ब्रह्मदूषकम् ॥

anagniranadhīyānaḥ pratigraharucistu yaḥ | yatastatastu bhuñjānastaṃ vidyādbrahmadūṣakam

One who keeps no sacred fire, does not study, delights in accepting gifts, and eats anywhere and everywhere: know him as a defiler of Brahmins.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2418–_2419; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 16 (14.110.16)

मृतसूतकपुष्टाङ्गो यश्च शूद्रान्नभुग्द्विजः । अहं चापि न जानामि गतिं तस्य नराधिप ॥

mṛtasūtakapuṣṭāṅgo yaśca śūdrānnabhugdvijaḥ | ahaṃ cāpi na jānāmi gatiṃ tasya narādhipa

A twice-born whose body is nourished by food from a house of death or birth impurity, or who eats a Shudra's food: even I do not know his destination, O ruler of men.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2420–_2421; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 17 (14.110.17)

शूद्रान्नरसपुष्टाङ्गोऽप्यधीयानो हि नित्यशः । जपतो जुह्वतो वाऽपि गतिरूर्ध्वं न विद्यते ॥

śūdrānnarasapuṣṭāṅgo'pyadhīyāno hi nityaśaḥ | japato juhvato vā'pi gatirūrdhvaṃ na vidyate

A man whose body is nourished by the essence of a Shudra's food, even if he studies every day, and even if he mutters prayers and pours oblations, has no upward path.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2422–_2423; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 18 (14.110.18)

आहिताग्निश्च यो विप्रः शूद्रान्नान्न निवर्तते । पञ्च तस्य प्रणश्यन्ति आत्मा ब्रह्म त्रयोऽग्नयः ॥

āhitāgniśca yo vipraḥ śūdrānnānna nivartate | pañca tasya praṇaśyanti ātmā brahma trayo'gnayaḥ

A Brahmin who has set up the sacred fires and does not turn away from a Shudra's food loses five things: his self, Brahman, and the three fires.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2424–_2425; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 19 (14.110.19)

शूद्रप्रेषणकर्तुश्च ब्राह्मणस्य विशेषतः । भूमावन्नं प्रदातव्यं श्वसृगालसमो हि सः ॥

śūdrapreṣaṇakartuśca brāhmaṇasya viśeṣataḥ | bhūmāvannaṃ pradātavyaṃ śvasṛgālasamo hi saḥ

A Brahmin who does a Shudra's errands, above all, should be given his food on the ground; he is no better than a dog or a jackal.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2426–_2427; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 20 (14.110.20)

प्रेतभूतं तु यः शूद्रं ब्राह्मणो ज्ञानदुर्बलः । अनुगच्छेन्नीयमानं त्रिरात्रमशुचिर्भवेत् ॥

pretabhūtaṃ tu yaḥ śūdraṃ brāhmaṇo jñānadurbalaḥ | anugacchennīyamānaṃ trirātramaśucirbhavet

A Brahmin who is weak in knowledge and follows a dead Shudra being carried away remains impure for three nights.

Note on the text: Corrected ब्राह्ममो → ब्राह्मणो (misprint in Wikisource; म for ण; the evident word brāhmaṇo). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2428–_2429; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 21 (14.110.21)

त्रिरात्रे तु ततः पूर्णे नदीं गत्वा समुद्रगाम् । प्राणायामशतं कृत्वा घृतं प्राश्य विशुद्ध्यति ॥

trirātre tu tataḥ pūrṇe nadīṃ gatvā samudragām | prāṇāyāmaśataṃ kṛtvā ghṛtaṃ prāśya viśuddhyati

When the three nights are complete, he should go to a river that flows to the sea, perform a hundred breath-restraints, and eat ghee; thus he is purified.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2430–_2431; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 22 (14.110.22)

अनाथं ब्राह्मणं प्रेतं ये वहन्ति द्विजोत्तमाः । पदेपदेऽश्वमेधस्य फलं ते प्राप्नुवन्ति हि ॥

anāthaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ pretaṃ ye vahanti dvijottamāḥ | padepade'śvamedhasya phalaṃ te prāpnuvanti hi

Those best of the twice-born who carry the dead body of a Brahmin who has no kin win, at every step, the fruit of a horse sacrifice.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2432–_2433; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 23 (14.110.23)

न तेषामशुभं किंचित्पापं वा शुभकर्मणाम् । जलावगाहनादेव सद्यः शौचं विधीयते ॥

na teṣāmaśubhaṃ kiṃcitpāpaṃ vā śubhakarmaṇām | jalāvagāhanādeva sadyaḥ śaucaṃ vidhīyate

For those who do good deeds there is nothing inauspicious and no sin; their purity is ordained at once, simply by bathing in water.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2434–_2435; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 24 (14.110.24)

शूद्रवेश्मनि विप्रेण क्षीरं वा यदि वा दधि । निवृत्तेन न भोक्तव्यं विद्धि शूद्रान्नमेव तत् ॥

śūdraveśmani vipreṇa kṣīraṃ vā yadi vā dadhi | nivṛttena na bhoktavyaṃ viddhi śūdrānnameva tat

Milk or curds in a Shudra's house should not be eaten by a Brahmin who is not in need; know that to be a Shudra's food.

Note on the text: Corrected विप्रेणि → विप्रेण (misprint in Wikisource; stray vowel; CE vipreṇa). Corrected तत → तत् (misprint in Wikisource; final t lost its virama; CE tat). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2436–_2437; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 25 (14.110.25)

विप्राणां भोक्तुकामानामत्यन्तं चान्नकाङ्क्षिणाम् । यो विघ्नं कुरुते मर्त्यस्ततो नान्योस्ति पापकृत् ॥

viprāṇāṃ bhoktukāmānāmatyantaṃ cānnakāṅkṣiṇām | yo vighnaṃ kurute martyastato nānyosti pāpakṛt

There is no greater sinner among men than one who obstructs Brahmins who wish to eat and are eager for food.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2438–_2439; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 26 (14.110.26)

सर्वे च वेदाः सहषड्भिरङ्गैः । साङ्ख्यं पुराणं च कुले च जन्म । नैतानि सर्वाणि गतिर्भवन्ति । शीलव्यपेतस्य नृप द्विजस्य ॥

sarve ca vedāḥ sahaṣaḍbhiraṅgaiḥ | sāṅkhyaṃ purāṇaṃ ca kule ca janma | naitāni sarvāṇi gatirbhavanti | śīlavyapetasya nṛpa dvijasya

All the Vedas with their six limbs, the Sankhya, the Puranas, and birth in a good family: none of these becomes a refuge for a Brahmin who lacks good conduct, O king.

Note on the text: Corrected सहषङ्भिरङ्गैः → सहषड्भिरङ्गैः (misprint in Wikisource; broken conjunct; CE saha ṣaḍbhir aṅgaiḥ). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2440–_2443; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 27 (14.110.27)

ग्रहोपरागे विषुवेऽयनान्ते । पित्र्ये मघासु स्वसुते च जाते । गयेषु पिण्डेषु च पाण्डुपुत्र । दत्तं भवेन्निष्कसहस्रतुल्यम् ॥

grahoparāge viṣuve'yanānte | pitrye maghāsu svasute ca jāte | gayeṣu piṇḍeṣu ca pāṇḍuputra | dattaṃ bhavenniṣkasahasratulyam

At an eclipse, at an equinox, at the turn of the solstice, at the ancestral rite when the moon is in the Maghas, at the birth of one's own son, and in the offering of rice-balls at Gaya, O son of Pandu, what is given is worth a thousand gold coins.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2444–_2447; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 28 (14.110.28)

वैशाखमासस्य तु या तृतीयाऽ । नवद्याऽसौ कार्तिकशुक्लपक्षे । नभस्यमासस्य च कृष्णपक्षे । त्रयोदशी पञ्चदशी न माघे ॥

vaiśākhamāsasya tu yā tṛtīyā' | navadyā'sau kārtikaśuklapakṣe | nabhasyamāsasya ca kṛṣṇapakṣe | trayodaśī pañcadaśī na māghe

The third day of the month of Vaishakha is faultless; so too is the day in the bright fortnight of Kartika; and in the dark fortnight of the month of Nabhasya the thirteenth and the fifteenth, but not in Magha.

Note on the text: Removed the stray hyphen printed at the line break (the sandhi runs on into the next line). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2448–_2451; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 29 (14.110.29)

उपप्लवे चन्द्रमसो रवेश्च । श्राद्धस्य कालो ह्ययनद्वये च । रहस्यमेतत्पितरो वदन्ति ॥

upaplave candramaso raveśca | śrāddhasya kālo hyayanadvaye ca | rahasyametatpitaro vadanti

At an eclipse of the moon and of the sun, and at the two solstices, is the time for the ancestral rite. This is the secret that the ancestors declare.

Note on the text: Restored from Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004): Wikisource prints only the lone last line (labelled 29d); the two preceding lines, lines _2452–_2453 of the Appendix, complete the sentence and are added in the Appendix's own words. The last line is not found in the Appendix. Lines 1–2 restored from Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2452–_2453; line 3 (the Wikisource line) is vulgate-only. Not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 30 (14.110.30)

यस्त्वेकपङ्क्त्यां विषमं ददाति । स्नेहाद्भयाद्वा यदि वाऽर्थहेतोः । क्रूरं दुराचारमनात्मवन्तं । ब्रह्मघ्नमेनं कवयो वदन्ति ॥

yastvekapaṅktyāṃ viṣamaṃ dadāti | snehādbhayādvā yadi vā'rthahetoḥ | krūraṃ durācāramanātmavantaṃ | brahmaghnamenaṃ kavayo vadanti

One who gives unequally within a single row, out of affection, fear, or for the sake of gain, is called by the wise a cruel, ill-behaved, uncontrolled man and a slayer of a Brahmin.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2454–_2457; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 31 (14.110.31)

धनानि येषां विपुलानि सन्ति । नित्यं रमन्ते परलोकमूढाः । तेषामयं शत्रुवरघ्नलोको । नान्यत्सुखं देहसुखे रतानाम् ॥

dhanāni yeṣāṃ vipulāni santi | nityaṃ ramante paralokamūḍhāḥ | teṣāmayaṃ śatruvaraghnaloko | nānyatsukhaṃ dehasukhe ratānām

Those who have great wealth and are always revelling, deluded about the next world: for them there is only this world, O slayer of mighty foes; for those who delight in the pleasures of the body there is no other happiness.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2460–_2463; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 32 (14.110.32)

ये चैव मुक्तास्तपसि प्रयुक्ताः । स्वाध्यायशीला जरयन्ति देहम् । जितेन्द्रिया भूतहिते निविष्ट । स्तेषामसौ चापि परश्च लोकः ॥

ye caiva muktāstapasi prayuktāḥ | svādhyāyaśīlā jarayanti deham | jitendriyā bhūtahite niviṣṭa | steṣāmasau cāpi paraśca lokaḥ

But those who are free of attachment and devoted to austerity, who delight in study and wear down the body, who have conquered the senses and are intent on the welfare of beings: theirs is both this world and the next.

Note on the text: Removed the stray hyphen printed at the line break (the sandhi runs on into the next line). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2464–_2467; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 33 (14.110.33)

ये चैव विद्यां न तपो न दानं । न चापि मूढाः प्रजने यतन्ते । न चापि गच्छन्ति सुखानि भोगां । स्तेषामयं चापि परश्च नास्ति ॥

ye caiva vidyāṃ na tapo na dānaṃ | na cāpi mūḍhāḥ prajane yatante | na cāpi gacchanti sukhāni bhogāṃ | steṣāmayaṃ cāpi paraśca nāsti

Those who strive neither for learning, nor austerity, nor charity, and who, being deluded, do not even strive for offspring, nor win pleasures and enjoyments: for them there is neither this world nor the next.

Note on the text: Corrected तेषामयंक चापि → तेषामयं चापि (misprint in Wikisource; stray क; CE teṣām ayaṃ caiva). Removed the stray hyphen printed at the line break (the sandhi runs on into the next line). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2472–_2475; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 34 (14.110.34)

नारायण पुराणेश लोकावास नमोस्तु ते । श्रोतुमिच्छामि कार्त्स्न्येन धर्मसारसमुच्चयम् ॥

nārāyaṇa purāṇeśa lokāvāsa namostu te | śrotumicchāmi kārtsnyena dharmasārasamuccayam

Salutations to you, Narayana, lord of the ancient ones, abode of the worlds. I wish to hear in full the compendium of the essence of dharma.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2476–_2477; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 35 (14.110.35)

धर्मसारं महाप्राज्ञ मनुना प्रोक्तमादितः । प्रवक्ष्यामि मनुप्रोक्तं पौराणं श्रुतिसंहितम् ॥

dharmasāraṃ mahāprājña manunā proktamāditaḥ | pravakṣyāmi manuproktaṃ paurāṇaṃ śrutisaṃhitam

O wise one, the essence of dharma was declared at the beginning by Manu. I shall tell you what Manu declared, the ancient teaching, grounded in the Vedic scripture.

Note on the text: Corrected महाप्राज्ञि → महाप्राज्ञ (misprint in Wikisource; feminine ending on a vocative addressed to Yudhishthira). Corrected पौराणां → पौराणं (misprint in Wikisource; genitive plural for neuter singular; CE paurāṇaṃ). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2478–_2479; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 36 (14.110.36)

अग्निचित्कपिला सत्री राजा भिक्षुर्महोदधिः । दृष्टमात्रात्पुनत्येते तस्मात्पश्येत तान्सदा ॥

agnicitkapilā satrī rājā bhikṣurmahodadhiḥ | dṛṣṭamātrātpunatyete tasmātpaśyeta tānsadā

The one who has piled the fire altar, the tawny cow, the one who performs a long sacrificial session, the king, the mendicant, and the great ocean: these purify merely by being seen, so one should always look upon them.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2480–_2481; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 37 (14.110.37)

गौरेकस्यैव दातव्या न बहूनां युधिष्ठिर । सा गौर्विक्रयमापन्ना दहत्यासप्तमं कुलम् ॥

gaurekasyaiva dātavyā na bahūnāṃ yudhiṣṭhira | sā gaurvikrayamāpannā dahatyāsaptamaṃ kulam

A cow should be given to one man alone, not to many, O Yudhishthira. A cow that comes to be sold burns the family down to the seventh generation.

Note on the text: Corrected गौरकस्यैव → गौरेकस्यैव (misprint in Wikisource; garbled गौः + एकस्य; CE gaur ekasyaiva). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2482–_2483; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 38 (14.110.38)

बहूनां न प्रदातव्या गौर्वस्त्रं शयनं स्त्रियः । तादृग्भूतं तु तद्दानं दातारं नोपतिष्ठति ॥

bahūnāṃ na pradātavyā gaurvastraṃ śayanaṃ striyaḥ | tādṛgbhūtaṃ tu taddānaṃ dātāraṃ nopatiṣṭhati

A cow, a garment, a bed and a wife must not be given to many; such a gift does not stand by the giver.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2484–_2485; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 39 (14.110.39)

आक्रम्य ब्राह्मणैर्भुक्तमनार्याणां च वेश्मनि । गोभिश्च पुण्यं तत्तेषां राजसूयाद्विशिष्यते ॥

ākramya brāhmaṇairbhuktamanāryāṇāṃ ca veśmani | gobhiśca puṇyaṃ tatteṣāṃ rājasūyādviśiṣyate

The merit of those Brahmins who have eaten by forcing their way into the house of ignoble men, and the merit gained through cows, exceeds even that of the Rajasuya sacrifice.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2486–_2487; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 40 (14.110.40)

मा ददात्विति यो ब्रूयाद्ब्राह्मणेषु च गोषु च । तिर्यग्योनिशतं गत्वा चण्डालेषूपजायते ॥

mā dadātviti yo brūyādbrāhmaṇeṣu ca goṣu ca | tiryagyoniśataṃ gatvā caṇḍāleṣūpajāyate

One who says "Do not give" regarding Brahmins and cows goes through a hundred animal births and is born among the Chandalas.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2488–_2489; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 41 (14.110.41)

ब्राह्मणस्वं च यद्दैवं दरिद्रस्यैव यद्धनम् । गुरोश्चापि हृतं राजन्स्वर्गस्थानपि पातयेत् ॥

brāhmaṇasvaṃ ca yaddaivaṃ daridrasyaiva yaddhanam | guroścāpi hṛtaṃ rājansvargasthānapi pātayet

Property of a Brahmin, or of the gods, or the wealth of the poor, or that of a teacher, if stolen, O king, brings down even one who has reached heaven.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2490–_2491; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 42 (14.110.42)

धर्मं जिज्ञासमानानां प्रमाणं परमं श्रुतिः । द्वितीयं धर्मशास्त्राणि तृतीयं लोकसंग्रहः ॥

dharmaṃ jijñāsamānānāṃ pramāṇaṃ paramaṃ śrutiḥ | dvitīyaṃ dharmaśāstrāṇi tṛtīyaṃ lokasaṃgrahaḥ

For those who seek to know dharma, the highest authority is the Veda; the second is the law-books; the third is the established usage of the world.

Note on the text: Corrected द्वितायं → द्वितीयं (misprint in Wikisource; ī for ā). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2492–_2493; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 43 (14.110.43)

आसमुद्राच्च यत्पूर्वादासमुद्राच्च पश्चिमात् । हिमाद्रिविन्ध्ययोर्मध्यमार्यावर्तं प्रचक्षते ॥

āsamudrācca yatpūrvādāsamudrācca paścimāt | himādrivindhyayormadhyamāryāvartaṃ pracakṣate

The land between the Himalaya and the Vindhya, reaching from the eastern sea to the western sea, is called Aryavarta.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2494–_2495; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 44 (14.110.44)

सरस्वतीदृषद्वत्योर्देवनद्योर्यदन्तरम् । तद्देवनिर्मितं देशं ब्रह्मावर्तं प्रचक्षते ॥

sarasvatīdṛṣadvatyordevanadyoryadantaram | taddevanirmitaṃ deśaṃ brahmāvartaṃ pracakṣate

The land made by the gods, lying between the two divine rivers Sarasvati and Drishadvati, is called Brahmavarta.

Note on the text: Corrected सरावती → सरस्वती (misprint in Wikisource; garbled river name; CE sarasvatī). Corrected ब्रह्मवर्तं → ब्रह्मावर्तं (misprint in Wikisource; long ā dropped; CE brahmāvartaṃ, and v.46 brahmāvartāt). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2496–_2497; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 45 (14.110.45)

यस्मिन्देशे य आचारः पारंपर्यक्रमागतः । वर्णानां सान्तरालानां स सदाचार उच्यते ॥

yasmindeśe ya ācāraḥ pāraṃparyakramāgataḥ | varṇānāṃ sāntarālānāṃ sa sadācāra ucyate

In whatever country a way of conduct has come down by unbroken tradition among the classes and the mixed classes, that is called right conduct.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2498–_2499; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 46 (14.110.46)

कुरुक्षेत्रं च मत्स्याश्च पाञ्चालाः शूरसेनयः । एते ब्रह्मर्षिदेशास्तु ब्रह्मावर्तादनन्तराः ॥

kurukṣetraṃ ca matsyāśca pāñcālāḥ śūrasenayaḥ | ete brahmarṣideśāstu brahmāvartādanantarāḥ

Kurukshetra, the Matsyas, the Panchalas and the Shurasenas: these are the lands of the Brahmin sages, next after Brahmavarta.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2500–_2501; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 47 (14.110.47)

एतद्देशप्रसूतस्य सकाशादग्रजन्मनः । स्वं चारित्रं च गृह्णीयुः पृथिव्यां सर्वमानवाः ॥

etaddeśaprasūtasya sakāśādagrajanmanaḥ | svaṃ cāritraṃ ca gṛhṇīyuḥ pṛthivyāṃ sarvamānavāḥ

From a Brahmin born in these lands, all people on earth should learn their own ways of conduct.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2502–_2503; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 48 (14.110.48)

हिमवद्विन्ध्ययोर्मध्यं यत्प्राग्विशसनादपि । प्रत्यगेव प्रयागात्तु मध्यदेशः प्रकीर्तितः ॥

himavadvindhyayormadhyaṃ yatprāgviśasanādapi | pratyageva prayāgāttu madhyadeśaḥ prakīrtitaḥ

The land between the Himalaya and the Vindhya, east of Vishasana and west of Prayaga, is called the Middle Country.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2504–_2505; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 49 (14.110.49)

कृष्णसारस्तु चरति मृगो यत्र स्वभावतः । स ज्ञेयो याज्ञिको देशो म्लेच्छदेशस्ततः परम् ॥

kṛṣṇasārastu carati mṛgo yatra svabhāvataḥ | sa jñeyo yājñiko deśo mlecchadeśastataḥ param

The land where the black antelope roams by nature should be known as the land fit for sacrifice; beyond it lies the land of the Mlecchas.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2506–_2507; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 50 (14.110.50)

एतान्विज्ञाय देशांस्तु संश्रयेरन्द्विजातयः । शूद्रस्तु यस्मिन्कस्मिन्वा निवसेद्वृत्तिकर्शितः ॥

etānvijñāya deśāṃstu saṃśrayerandvijātayaḥ | śūdrastu yasminkasminvā nivasedvṛttikarśitaḥ

Knowing these lands, the twice-born should settle in them; but a Shudra, worn down by the need to make a living, may dwell in any land at all.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2508–_2509; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 51 (14.110.51)

आचारः प्रथमो धर्मो ह्यहिंसा सत्यमेव च । दानं चैव यथाशक्ति नियमाश्च यमैः सह ॥

ācāraḥ prathamo dharmo hyahiṃsā satyameva ca | dānaṃ caiva yathāśakti niyamāśca yamaiḥ saha

Good conduct is the first dharma, together with non-violence, truthfulness, giving as far as one is able, and the observances along with the restraints.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2510–_2511; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 52 (14.110.52)

वैदिकैः कर्मभिः पुण्यैर्निषेकादिर्द्विजन्मनाम् । कार्यः शरीरसंस्कारः पावनः प्रेत्य चेह च ॥

vaidikaiḥ karmabhiḥ puṇyairniṣekādirdvijanmanām | kāryaḥ śarīrasaṃskāraḥ pāvanaḥ pretya ceha ca

By pure Vedic rites, beginning with the rite of conception, the sacramental preparation of the body of the twice-born is to be carried out; it purifies in this world and in the next.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2512–_2513; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 53 (14.110.53)

गर्भहोमैर्जातकर्मनामचौलोपनायनैः । स्वाध्यायैस्तद्व्रतैश्चैव विवाहस्नातकव्रतैः । महायज्ञैश्च यज्ञैश्च ब्राह्मीयं क्रियते तनुः ॥

garbhahomairjātakarmanāmacaulopanāyanaiḥ | svādhyāyaistadvrataiścaiva vivāhasnātakavrataiḥ | mahāyajñaiśca yajñaiśca brāhmīyaṃ kriyate tanuḥ

Through the rites of the womb, the birth rite, the naming, the tonsure and the initiation, through study and its vows, through marriage and the bath-vows at the end of study, and through the great daily sacrifices and the other sacrifices, the body is made fit for Brahman.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2514–_2516; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 54 (14.110.54)

धर्मार्थौ यदि न स्यातां शुश्रुषा वाऽपि तद्विधा । विद्या तस्मिन्नवप्तव्या शुभं बीजमिवोषरे ॥

dharmārthau yadi na syātāṃ śuśruṣā vā'pi tadvidhā | vidyā tasminnavaptavyā śubhaṃ bījamivoṣare

If neither dharma nor wealth would result, nor even service of that kind, learning should not be sown in such a person, as good seed is not sown in barren soil.

Note on the text: Corrected धर्मोर्थौ → धर्मार्थौ (misprint in Wikisource; ो for ा; CE dharmārthau). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2517–_2518; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 55 (14.110.55)

लौकिकं वैदिकं वाऽपि तथाऽऽध्यात्मिकमेव वा । यस्माज्ज्ञानमिदं प्राप्तं तं पूर्वमभिवादयेत् ॥

laukikaṃ vaidikaṃ vā'pi tathā''dhyātmikameva vā | yasmājjñānamidaṃ prāptaṃ taṃ pūrvamabhivādayet

From whomever one has received this knowledge, whether of the world, of the Veda, or of the Self, him one should greet first.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2519–_2520; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 56 (14.110.56)

सव्येन सव्यं संगृह्य दक्षिणेन तु दक्षिणम् । न कुर्यादेकहस्तेन गुरोः पादाभिवादनम् ॥

savyena savyaṃ saṃgṛhya dakṣiṇena tu dakṣiṇam | na kuryādekahastena guroḥ pādābhivādanam

Clasping the left foot with the left hand and the right with the right, one should not greet a teacher's feet with one hand only.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2521–_2522; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 57 (14.110.57)

निषेकादीनि कर्माणि यः करोति यथाविधि । अध्यापयति चैवेनं स विप्रो गुरुरुच्यते ॥

niṣekādīni karmāṇi yaḥ karoti yathāvidhi | adhyāpayati caivenaṃ sa vipro gururucyate

The Brahmin who performs, according to the rule, the rites beginning with conception, and who also teaches the boy, is called a guru.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2523–_2524; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 58 (14.110.58)

कृत्वोपनयनं वेदान्योध्यापयति नित्यशः । सकल्पान्सरहस्यांश्च स चोपाध्याय उच्यते ॥

kṛtvopanayanaṃ vedānyodhyāpayati nityaśaḥ | sakalpānsarahasyāṃśca sa copādhyāya ucyate

He who, after performing the initiation, teaches the Vedas every day, with the ritual manuals and the secret teachings, is called an upadhyaya.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2525–_2526; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 59 (14.110.59)

साङ्गांश्च वेदानध्याप्य शिक्षयित्वा व्रतानि च । विवृणोति च मन्त्रार्थानाचार्यः सोभिधीयते ॥

sāṅgāṃśca vedānadhyāpya śikṣayitvā vratāni ca | vivṛṇoti ca mantrārthānācāryaḥ sobhidhīyate

He who has taught the Vedas together with their limbs, has trained the pupil in the vows, and explains the meaning of the mantras is called an acharya.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2527–_2528; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 60 (14.110.60)

उपाध्यायाद्दशाचार्य आचार्याणां शतं पिता । पितुः शतगुणं माता गौरवेणातिरिच्यते ॥

upādhyāyāddaśācārya ācāryāṇāṃ śataṃ pitā | pituḥ śataguṇaṃ mātā gauraveṇātiricyate

An acharya is worth ten upadhyayas, a father is worth a hundred acharyas, and a mother surpasses the father a hundredfold in dignity.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2529–_2530; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 61 (14.110.61)

एतेषामपि सर्वेषां गरीयान्ज्ञानदो गुरुः । गुरोः परतरं किंचिन्न भूतं न भविष्यति ॥

eteṣāmapi sarveṣāṃ garīyānjñānado guruḥ | guroḥ parataraṃ kiṃcinna bhūtaṃ na bhaviṣyati

Greater than all these is the guru who gives knowledge; there is nothing higher than a guru, neither has there been nor will there be.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension); Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004) passes from line _2530 to _2531 without it.

Verse 62 (14.110.62)

तस्मात्तेषां वशे तिष्ठेच्छुश्रूषापरमो भवेत् । अवमानाद्धि तेषां तु नरकं स्यान्न संशयः ॥

tasmātteṣāṃ vaśe tiṣṭhecchuśrūṣāparamo bhavet | avamānāddhi teṣāṃ tu narakaṃ syānna saṃśayaḥ

Therefore one should remain under their control and be devoted to serving them; for disrespect to them there is hell, without doubt.

Note on the text: Corrected तिष्ठिच्छुश्रूषा → तिष्ठेच्छुश्रूषा (misprint in Wikisource; i for e; CE tiṣṭhet tacchuśrūṣā). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2531–_2532; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 63 (14.110.63)

हीनाङ्गानतिरिक्ताङ्गान्विद्याहीनान्वयोधिकान् । रूपद्रविणहीनांश्च जातिहीनांश्च नाक्षिपेत् ॥

hīnāṅgānatiriktāṅgānvidyāhīnānvayodhikān | rūpadraviṇahīnāṃśca jātihīnāṃśca nākṣipet

One should not scorn those with defective limbs or with extra limbs, those who lack learning, those older in years, those who lack beauty or wealth, or those of low birth.

Note on the text: Corrected जातिहीनांस्च → जातिहीनांश्च (misprint in Wikisource; स for श). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2533–_2534; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 64 (14.110.64)

शपता यत्कृतं पुण्यं शप्यमानं तु गच्छति । शप्यमानस्य यत्पापं शपन्तमनुगच्छति ॥

śapatā yatkṛtaṃ puṇyaṃ śapyamānaṃ tu gacchati | śapyamānasya yatpāpaṃ śapantamanugacchati

The merit earned by one who curses passes to the one who is cursed; the sin of the one who is cursed follows the one who curses.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2535–_2536; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 65 (14.110.65)

नास्तिक्यं वेदनिन्दां च देवतानां च कुत्सनम् । द्वेषं डंभं च मानं च क्रोधं तैक्ष्ण्यं विवर्जयेत् ॥

nāstikyaṃ vedanindāṃ ca devatānāṃ ca kutsanam | dveṣaṃ ḍaṃbhaṃ ca mānaṃ ca krodhaṃ taikṣṇyaṃ vivarjayet

One should avoid unbelief, reviling of the Vedas, contempt for the gods, hatred, hypocrisy, pride, anger and harshness.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2537–_2538; not in the critical edition's constituted text.