The Agnihotra: The Three Fires, Their Names and Their Fruit

Verse 1 (14.111.1)

स्वभक्तस्य हृषीकेश धर्माधर्ममजानतः । धर्मं पुण्यतमं देव पृच्छतः कथयस्व मे ॥

svabhaktasya hṛṣīkeśa dharmādharmamajānataḥ | dharmaṃ puṇyatamaṃ deva pṛcchataḥ kathayasva me

O Hrishikesha, I am your devotee and I do not know what is right and what is wrong. Tell me, O God, as I ask, the most meritorious dharma.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2539–_2540; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 2 (14.111.2)

यदेतदग्निहोत्रं वै सृष्टं वर्णत्रयस्य तु । मन्त्रवद्यद्धुतं सम्यग्विधिना चाप्युपासितम् । आहिताग्निं नयत्यूर्ध्वं सपत्नीकं सबान्धवम् ॥

yadetadagnihotraṃ vai sṛṣṭaṃ varṇatrayasya tu | mantravadyaddhutaṃ samyagvidhinā cāpyupāsitam | āhitāgniṃ nayatyūrdhvaṃ sapatnīkaṃ sabāndhavam

This agnihotra, which was created for the three classes, when it is offered well with mantras and attended upon according to the rule, carries upward the man who has set up the sacred fires, together with his wife and his kinsmen.

Note on the text: The page prints a भगवान् heading here (kept): this is Krishna beginning his reply, not part of Yudhishthira's question (in the CE file the speaker labels of this stretch are offset by a line). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2541–_2543; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 3 (14.111.3)

कथं तद्ब्राह्मणैर्देव होतव्यं क्षत्रियैः कथम् । वैश्यैर्वा देवदेवेश कथं वा सुहुतं भवेत् ॥

kathaṃ tadbrāhmaṇairdeva hotavyaṃ kṣatriyaiḥ katham | vaiśyairvā devadeveśa kathaṃ vā suhutaṃ bhavet

How should Brahmins offer it, O God, and how Kshatriyas? Or how should Vaishyas, O god of gods, so that the offering is well made?

Note on the text: Printed heading युधिष्ठिर (kept): the questions of verses 3–9 are Yudhishthira's. Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2544–_2545; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 4 (14.111.4)

कस्मिन्काले कथं कस्य आधेयोऽग्निः सुरोत्तम । आहितस्य कथं वाऽपि सम्यगाचरणं भवेत् ॥

kasminkāle kathaṃ kasya ādheyo'gniḥ surottama | āhitasya kathaṃ vā'pi samyagācaraṇaṃ bhavet

At what time, and how, and for whom is the fire to be set up, O best of gods? And how should one who has set it up conduct himself rightly?

Note on the text: Corrected कतं → कथं (misprint in Wikisource; aspirate dropped (CE has अथ वा, atha vā, in this place)). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2546–_2547; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 5 (14.111.5)

कत्यग्नयः किमात्मानः स्थानं किं कस्य वा विभो । कतरस्मिन्हुते स्थाने कं व्रजेदाग्निहोत्रिकः ॥

katyagnayaḥ kimātmānaḥ sthānaṃ kiṃ kasya vā vibho | katarasminhute sthāne kaṃ vrajedāgnihotrikaḥ

How many fires are there, of what nature, and what is the place of each, O lord? When the offering has been made at which place does the keeper of the agnihotra go, and to what destination?

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2548–_2549; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 6 (14.111.6)

अग्निहोत्रनिमित्तं च किमुत्पन्नं पुराऽनघ । कथमेवाथ हूयन्ते प्रीयन्ते च सुराः कथम् ॥

agnihotranimittaṃ ca kimutpannaṃ purā'nagha | kathamevātha hūyante prīyante ca surāḥ katham

What gave rise to the agnihotra in the beginning, O sinless one? How are the offerings made, and how are the gods pleased?

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2550–_2551; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 7 (14.111.7)

विधिवन्मन्त्रवत्कृत्वा पूजितास्त्वग्नयः कथम् । कां गतिं वदतांश्रेष्ठ नयन्ति ह्यग्निहोत्रिणः ॥

vidhivanmantravatkṛtvā pūjitāstvagnayaḥ katham | kāṃ gatiṃ vadatāṃśreṣṭha nayanti hyagnihotriṇaḥ

How are the fires to be worshipped according to rule and with mantras? And to what destination, O best of speakers, do they lead those who keep the agnihotra?

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2552–_2553; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 8 (14.111.8)

दुर्हुताश्चापि भगवन्नविज्ञातास्त्रयोऽग्नयः । किमाहिताग्नेः कुर्वन्ति दुश्चीर्णा वाऽपि केशव ॥

durhutāścāpi bhagavannavijñātāstrayo'gnayaḥ | kimāhitāgneḥ kurvanti duścīrṇā vā'pi keśava

And what do the three fires do to the man who has set them up, if they are badly offered to, or not understood, or tended wrongly, O Keshava?

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2554–_2555; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 9 (14.111.9)

उत्सन्नाग्निस्तु पापात्मा कां योनिं देव गच्छति । एतत्सर्वं समासेन भक्त्या ह्युपगतस्य मे । वक्तुमर्हसि सर्वज्ञ सर्वाधिक नमोस्तु ते ॥

utsannāgnistu pāpātmā kāṃ yoniṃ deva gacchati | etatsarvaṃ samāsena bhaktyā hyupagatasya me | vaktumarhasi sarvajña sarvādhika namostu te

What birth, O God, does a sinful man whose fire has died out reach? I have come to you with devotion; be pleased to tell me all this briefly, O all-knowing one, O you who surpass all. Salutations to you.

Note on the text: Corrected सर्वाधिकं → सर्वाधिक (misprint in Wikisource; stray anusvara on a vocative; CE reads sarvāvāsa here). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2556–_2558; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 10 (14.111.10)

शृणु राजन्महापुण्यमिदं धर्मामृतं परम् । यत्तु तारयते युक्तान्ब्राह्मणानग्निहोत्रिणः ॥

śṛṇu rājanmahāpuṇyamidaṃ dharmāmṛtaṃ param | yattu tārayate yuktānbrāhmaṇānagnihotriṇaḥ

Hear, O king, this supreme nectar of dharma, greatly meritorious, which carries across the disciplined Brahmins who keep the agnihotra.

Note on the text: Printed heading भगवान् (kept): Krishna answers. Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2559–_2560; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 11 (14.111.11)

ब्रह्मत्वेनासृजं लोकानहमादौ महाद्युते । सृष्टोऽग्निर्मुखतः पूर्वं लोकानां हितकाम्यया ॥

brahmatvenāsṛjaṃ lokānahamādau mahādyute | sṛṣṭo'gnirmukhataḥ pūrvaṃ lokānāṃ hitakāmyayā

O radiant one, in the beginning I created the worlds in the character of Brahma; and the fire was created first, from my mouth, out of a wish for the good of the worlds.

Note on the text: Corrected ब्र्हमित्वेनासृजं → ब्रह्मत्वेनासृजं (misprint in Wikisource; garbled; CE brahmatvenāsṛjam). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2561–_2562; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 12 (14.111.12)

यस्मादग्रे स भूतानां सर्वेषां निर्मितो मया । तस्मादग्नीत्यभिहितः पुराणज्ञैर्मनीषिभिः ॥

yasmādagre sa bhūtānāṃ sarveṣāṃ nirmito mayā | tasmādagnītyabhihitaḥ purāṇajñairmanīṣibhiḥ

Because he was formed by me before all other beings, the wise who know the ancient lore call him "Agni."

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2563–_2564; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 13 (14.111.13)

यस्मात्तु सर्वकृत्येषु पूर्वमस्मै प्रदीयते । आहुतिर्दीप्यमानाय तस्मादग्नीति कथ्यते ॥

yasmāttu sarvakṛtyeṣu pūrvamasmai pradīyate | āhutirdīpyamānāya tasmādagnīti kathyate

And because in every rite the oblation is first given to him as he blazes, he is called Agni.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2565–_2566; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 14 (14.111.14)

यस्माच्च तु नयत्यग्रां गतिं विप्रान्सुपूजितः । यस्माच्च नयनाद्राजन्देवेष्वग्नीति कथ्यते ॥

yasmācca tu nayatyagrāṃ gatiṃ viprānsupūjitaḥ | yasmācca nayanādrājandeveṣvagnīti kathyate

And because, when well honoured, he leads Brahmins to the foremost destination, and because of that leading, O king, he is called Agni in the Vedas.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2567–_2568; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 15 (14.111.15)

तस्माच्च दुर्हुतः सोयमलं भक्षयितुं क्षणात् । यजमानं नरश्रेष्ठ क्रव्यादोऽग्निस्ततः स्मृतः ॥

tasmācca durhutaḥ soyamalaṃ bhakṣayituṃ kṣaṇāt | yajamānaṃ naraśreṣṭha kravyādo'gnistataḥ smṛtaḥ

And because, when ill-offered to, he is able to devour the sacrificer in a moment, O best of men, he is also remembered as Kravyada, the flesh-eater.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2569–_2570; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 16 (14.111.16)

सर्वभूतात्मको राजन्देवानामेष वै मुखम् । प्रथमं मन्मुखात्सृष्टो लोकार्थे पचनः प्रभुः ॥

sarvabhūtātmako rājandevānāmeṣa vai mukham | prathamaṃ manmukhātsṛṣṭo lokārthe pacanaḥ prabhuḥ

He is the self of all beings, O king, and the mouth of the gods. The lord who cooks was created first from my mouth, for the sake of the world.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2571–_2572; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 17 (14.111.17)

सृष्टमात्रो जगत्सर्वमत्तुमैच्छत्पुरा खलु । ततः प्रशमितः सोग्निरूपास्यैव मया पुरा ॥

sṛṣṭamātro jagatsarvamattumaicchatpurā khalu | tataḥ praśamitaḥ sognirūpāsyaiva mayā purā

As soon as he was created, in ancient times, he wished to devour the whole world. Then I quieted that fire, by attending upon him long ago.

Note on the text: In the Appendix this verse and the next form a single three-line verse (_2573–_2575); Wikisource prints the third line alone as verse 18 (labelled 18a). Wikisource's division is kept. Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2573–_2574; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 18 (14.111.18)

सततोपासनात्सोयमौपासन इति स्मृतः ॥

satatopāsanātsoyamaupāsana iti smṛtaḥ

Because of this constant attendance upon him, he is remembered as Aupasana.

Note on the text: A one-line verse in Wikisource (labelled 18a): it is the third line of the three-line Appendix verse that begins with verse 17 (_2573–_2575). Kept as printed. Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), line _2575; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 19 (14.111.19)

आहुतिः सर्वमाख्याति तस्मिन्वसति सोनलः । आवसथ्य इति ख्यातस्तेनासौ ब्रह्मवादिभिः ॥

āhutiḥ sarvamākhyāti tasminvasati sonalaḥ | āvasathya iti khyātastenāsau brahmavādibhiḥ

The oblation declares everything; in it that fire dwells. For this reason the expounders of Brahman call him Avasathya.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2576–_2577; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 20 (14.111.20)

तस्मात्पञ्च महायज्ञा वर्तन्ते यस्य धर्मतः । सोममण्डलमध्येन गतिस्तस्य द्विजन्मनः ॥

tasmātpañca mahāyajñā vartante yasya dharmataḥ | somamaṇḍalamadhyena gatistasya dvijanmanaḥ

Therefore the twice-born in whose house the five great sacrifices are rightly performed goes by a path through the middle of the orb of the moon.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2578–_2579; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 21 (14.111.21)

ते च सप्तर्षयः सिद्धाः संयतेन्द्रियबुद्धयः । गता ह्यमरसायुज्यं ते ह्यग्न्यर्चनतत्पराः ॥

te ca saptarṣayaḥ siddhāḥ saṃyatendriyabuddhayaḥ | gatā hyamarasāyujyaṃ te hyagnyarcanatatparāḥ

And those seven sages, the perfected ones, whose senses and minds were controlled and who were devoted to the worship of fire, attained union with the immortals.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2580–_2581; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 22 (14.111.22)

अपरे चावसथ्यं च पचनाग्निं प्रचक्षते । तस्मिन्पञ्च महायज्ञा वैश्वदेवश्च वर्तते ॥

apare cāvasathyaṃ ca pacanāgniṃ pracakṣate | tasminpañca mahāyajñā vaiśvadevaśca vartate

Others call the Avasathya the cooking fire. In it the five great sacrifices and the Vaishvadeva are performed.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2582–_2583; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 23 (14.111.23)

स्थलीपाकं च गार्हं च सर्वे चास्मिन्प्रतिष्ठिताः । गृह्यकर्मवहो यस्मात्तस्माद्गृहपतिस्तु सः ॥

sthalīpākaṃ ca gārhaṃ ca sarve cāsminpratiṣṭhitāḥ | gṛhyakarmavaho yasmāttasmādgṛhapatistu saḥ

The sthalipaka offering, the household rites and all the rest are established in it. Because it carries the household rites, it is called Grihapati, the lord of the house.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2584–_2585; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 24 (14.111.24)

औपासनं चावसथ्यं सभ्यं पचनपावकम् । आहुर्ब्रह्मविदः केचिन्मतमेतन्ममापि च ॥

aupāsanaṃ cāvasathyaṃ sabhyaṃ pacanapāvakam | āhurbrahmavidaḥ kecinmatametanmamāpi ca

Some knowers of Brahman speak of Aupasana, Avasathya, Sabhya and the cooking fire; this is my view as well.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2586–_2587; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 25 (14.111.25)

अग्निहोत्रप्रकारं च शृणु राजन्समाहितः । त्रयाणां गुणनामानां वह्नीनामुच्यते मया ॥

agnihotraprakāraṃ ca śṛṇu rājansamāhitaḥ | trayāṇāṃ guṇanāmānāṃ vahnīnāmucyate mayā

Now hear with attention, O king, the manner of the agnihotra. I shall tell you the qualities and names of the three fires.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2588–_2589; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 26 (14.111.26)

गृहाणां हि पतित्वं हि गृहपत्यमिति स्मृतम् । गृहपत्यं तु यस्यासीत्तत्तस्माद्गार्हपत्यता ॥

gṛhāṇāṃ hi patitvaṃ hi gṛhapatyamiti smṛtam | gṛhapatyaṃ tu yasyāsīttattasmādgārhapatyatā

Lordship over houses is called grihapatya; the fire that held the grihapatya therefore has the name Garhapatya.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2590–_2591; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 27 (14.111.27)

यजमानं तु यस्मात्तु दक्षिणां तु गतिं नयेत् । दक्षिणाग्निं तमाहुस्ते दक्षिणायतनं द्विजाः ॥

yajamānaṃ tu yasmāttu dakṣiṇāṃ tu gatiṃ nayet | dakṣiṇāgniṃ tamāhuste dakṣiṇāyatanaṃ dvijāḥ

Because it leads the sacrificer on the southern path, the twice-born call it the Dakshina fire, the abode of the south.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2592–_2593; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 28 (14.111.28)

आहुतिः सर्वमाख्याति हव्यं वै वहनं स्मृतम् । सर्वहव्यवहो वह्निर्गतश्चाहवनीयताम् ॥

āhutiḥ sarvamākhyāti havyaṃ vai vahanaṃ smṛtam | sarvahavyavaho vahnirgataścāhavanīyatām

The oblation declares everything, and the carrying of the offering is called vahana. The fire that bears all offerings has come to be called Ahavaniya.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2594–_2595; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 29 (14.111.29)

यं चावसथ्यं जुहुयान्मूलाग्निं विधिवद्द्विजः । आवसथ्यं तु तं चाग्निं पचनाग्निं प्रचक्षते ॥

yaṃ cāvasathyaṃ juhuyānmūlāgniṃ vidhivaddvijaḥ | āvasathyaṃ tu taṃ cāgniṃ pacanāgniṃ pracakṣate

The root fire into which a twice-born offers, by rule, as the household fire: that fire they call the Avasathya, the cooking fire.

Note on the text: Corrected चाक्सथ्यं → चावसथ्यं (misprint in Wikisource; क् for व; CE āvasathyaṃ). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2596–_2597; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 30 (14.111.30)

तेषां स भागतो वह्निः सभ्य इत्यभिधीयते । आवसथ्यस्तु यो वह्निः प्रथमः स प्रजापतिः ॥

teṣāṃ sa bhāgato vahniḥ sabhya ityabhidhīyate | āvasathyastu yo vahniḥ prathamaḥ sa prajāpatiḥ

By its share that fire is called Sabhya. The Avasathya fire is the first, and it is Prajapati.

Note on the text: Corrected आवतथ्यस्तु → आवसथ्यस्तु (misprint in Wikisource; त for स; CE āvasathyas tu). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2598–_2599; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 31 (14.111.31)

ब्रह्मा च गार्हपत्योऽग्निस्तस्मिन्नेव हि सोभवत् । दक्षिणाग्निस्त्वयं रुद्रः क्रोधात्मा चण्ड एव सः ॥

brahmā ca gārhapatyo'gnistasminneva hi sobhavat | dakṣiṇāgnistvayaṃ rudraḥ krodhātmā caṇḍa eva saḥ

Brahma is the Garhapatya fire, and he exists in that very fire. The Dakshina fire is Rudra, wrathful in nature, fierce indeed.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2600–_2601; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 32 (14.111.32)

अहमाहवनीयोऽग्निराहोमाद्यस्य वै मुखे । सभ्योऽग्निः पञ्चमो यस्तु स्कन्द एव नराधिप ॥

ahamāhavanīyo'gnirāhomādyasya vai mukhe | sabhyo'gniḥ pañcamo yastu skanda eva narādhipa

I am the Ahavaniya fire, in whose mouth the offering is made. The fifth fire, the Sabhya, is Skanda himself, O lord of men.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2602–_2603; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 33 (14.111.33)

पृथिवी गार्हपत्योऽग्निरन्तरिक्षं च दक्षिणः । स्वर्गमाहवनीयोऽग्निरेवमग्नित्रयं स्मृतम् ॥

pṛthivī gārhapatyo'gnirantarikṣaṃ ca dakṣiṇaḥ | svargamāhavanīyo'gnirevamagnitrayaṃ smṛtam

The earth is the Garhapatya fire, the atmosphere is the Dakshina, and heaven is the Ahavaniya; thus the three fires are remembered.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2604–_2605; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 34 (14.111.34)

वृत्तश्च गार्हपत्योऽग्निर्यस्माद्वृत्ता च मेदिनी । अर्धचन्द्राकृतिस्तं वै दक्षिणाग्निस्तथा भवेत् ॥

vṛttaśca gārhapatyo'gniryasmādvṛttā ca medinī | ardhacandrākṛtistaṃ vai dakṣiṇāgnistathā bhavet

The Garhapatya fire is round, because the earth is round; and likewise the Dakshina fire should be shaped like a half-moon.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2606–_2607; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 35 (14.111.35)

चतुरश्रं ततः स्वर्गं निर्मलं तु निरामयम् । तस्मादाहवनीयोऽग्निश्चतुरश्रो भवेन्नृप ॥

caturaśraṃ tataḥ svargaṃ nirmalaṃ tu nirāmayam | tasmādāhavanīyo'gniścaturaśro bhavennṛpa

Heaven is square, stainless and free of ill; therefore the Ahavaniya fire should be square, O king.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2608–_2609; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 36 (14.111.36)

जुहुयाद्गार्हपत्यं यो भुवं जयति स द्विजः । जुहोति दक्षिणं यस्तु स जयत्यन्तरिक्षकम् ॥

juhuyādgārhapatyaṃ yo bhuvaṃ jayati sa dvijaḥ | juhoti dakṣiṇaṃ yastu sa jayatyantarikṣakam

The twice-born who offers into the Garhapatya fire wins the earth; he who offers into the Dakshina wins the atmosphere.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2610–_2611; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 37 (14.111.37)

पृथिवीमन्तरिक्षं च दिवं ऋषिगणैः सह । जयत्याहवनीयं यो जुहुयाद्भक्तिमान्नरः ॥

pṛthivīmantarikṣaṃ ca divaṃ ṛṣigaṇaiḥ saha | jayatyāhavanīyaṃ yo juhuyādbhaktimānnaraḥ

The devoted man who offers into the Ahavaniya fire wins the earth, the atmosphere and heaven, together with the hosts of sages.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2612–_2613; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 38 (14.111.38)

आभिमुख्येन होमस्तु यस्य यज्ञेषु वर्तते । तेनाप्याहवनीयत्वं गतो वह्निर्महाद्युतिः ॥

ābhimukhyena homastu yasya yajñeṣu vartate | tenāpyāhavanīyatvaṃ gato vahnirmahādyutiḥ

Because in his sacrifices the offering is made facing that fire, the radiant fire has come to the state of Ahavaniya in that way too.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2614–_2615; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 39 (14.111.39)

आहोमादग्निहोत्रेषु यज्ञैर्वा यत्र सर्वशः । यस्मात्तस्मात्प्रवर्तन्ते ततो ह्याहवनीयता ॥

āhomādagnihotreṣu yajñairvā yatra sarvaśaḥ | yasmāttasmātpravartante tato hyāhavanīyatā

Because from the offering onward, in the agnihotras or in any sacrifice, everything proceeds from it in every way, therefore it has the name Ahavaniya.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2616–_2617; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 40 (14.111.40)

यस्त्वावसथ्यं जुहुयान्मूलाग्निं विधिवद्द्विजः । स तु सप्तर्षिलोकेषु सपत्नीकः प्रमोदते ॥

yastvāvasathyaṃ juhuyānmūlāgniṃ vidhivaddvijaḥ | sa tu saptarṣilokeṣu sapatnīkaḥ pramodate

The twice-born who offers, by rule, into the Avasathya, the root fire, rejoices with his wife in the worlds of the seven sages.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2618–_2619; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 41 (14.111.41)

इष्टो भवति सर्वाग्नेरग्निहोत्रं च तद्भवेत् । त्राणाद्वै यजमानस्य ह्यग्निहोत्रमिति स्मृतम् ॥

iṣṭo bhavati sarvāgneragnihotraṃ ca tadbhavet | trāṇādvai yajamānasya hyagnihotramiti smṛtam

He becomes one who has sacrificed to all the fires, and that would be the agnihotra. Because it protects the sacrificer, it is remembered as agnihotra.

Note on the text: Line 1 is Appendix line _2623; line 2 (त्राणाद्वै…) is not in the Appendix (compare _2627–_2628). Appendix lines _2620–_2622 and _2624 have no counterpart in Wikisource. Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), line _2623; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 42 (14.111.42)

हो इत्येव विषादो वै विषादो दुःखमुच्यते । दुःखं तापत्रयं प्रोक्तं तापं हि नरकं विदुः ॥

ho ityeva viṣādo vai viṣādo duḥkhamucyate | duḥkhaṃ tāpatrayaṃ proktaṃ tāpaṃ hi narakaṃ viduḥ

"Ho" means despair, and despair is called sorrow. Sorrow is said to be the threefold affliction, and the wise know affliction to be hell.

Note on the text: Corrected होइज्येषु → हो इत्येव (misprint in Wikisource; not a word; CE ho ity eva viṣādo vai). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2625–_2626; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 43 (14.111.43)

आध्यात्मिकं चाधिदैवमाधिभौतिकमेव च । एतत्तापत्रयं प्रोक्तमात्मविद्भिर्नराधिप ॥

ādhyātmikaṃ cādhidaivamādhibhautikameva ca | etattāpatrayaṃ proktamātmavidbhirnarādhipa

That which is of the self, of the gods, and of the elements: this is called the threefold affliction by the knowers of the Self, O lord of men.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension); Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004) passes from line _2626 to _2627 without it.

Verse 44 (14.111.44)

यस्माद्वै त्रायते दुःखाद्यजमानं हुतोऽनलः । तस्मात्तु विधिवत्प्रोक्तमग्निहोत्रमिति श्रुतौ ॥

yasmādvai trāyate duḥkhādyajamānaṃ huto'nalaḥ | tasmāttu vidhivatproktamagnihotramiti śrutau

Because the offered fire protects the sacrificer from sorrow, it is therefore declared in the scriptures, according to rule, as "agnihotra."

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2627–_2628; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 45 (14.111.45)

तदग्निहोत्रं सृष्टं वै ब्रह्मणा लोककर्तृणा । वेदाश्चाप्यग्निहोत्रं तु जज्ञिरे स्वयमेव तु ॥

tadagnihotraṃ sṛṣṭaṃ vai brahmaṇā lokakartṛṇā | vedāścāpyagnihotraṃ tu jajñire svayameva tu

That agnihotra was created by Brahma, the maker of the worlds; and the Vedas too were born of themselves for the sake of the agnihotra.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2629–_2630; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 46 (14.111.46)

अग्निहोत्रफला वेदाः शीलवृत्तफलं श्रुतम् । रतिपुत्रफला दारा दत्तभुक्तफलं धनम् ॥

agnihotraphalā vedāḥ śīlavṛttaphalaṃ śrutam | ratiputraphalā dārā dattabhuktaphalaṃ dhanam

The fruit of the Vedas is the agnihotra, and the fruit of learning, it is heard, is good conduct and livelihood. The fruit of wives is pleasure and sons, and the fruit of wealth is giving and enjoying.

Note on the text: Line 1 replaced: Wikisource prints अग्निहोत्रफला दारा दत्तभुक्तफलं धनम् (the page labels the two lines 46a and 46c), which repeats the end of line 2 and is not a sense-making first line. Restored from the Appendix (_2631): अग्निहोत्रफला वेदाः शीलवृत्तफलं श्रुतम्. Line 2 is kept as Wikisource prints it (the Appendix, _2632, reads दानभोगफलं for दत्तभुक्तफलं). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2631–_2632; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 47 (14.111.47)

त्रिवेदमन्त्रसंयोगादग्निहोत्रं प्रवर्तते । ऋग्यजुःसामभिः पुण्यैः स्थाप्यते सूत्रसंयुतैः ॥

trivedamantrasaṃyogādagnihotraṃ pravartate | ṛgyajuḥsāmabhiḥ puṇyaiḥ sthāpyate sūtrasaṃyutaiḥ

The agnihotra proceeds from the union of the mantras of the three Vedas; it is established by the sacred Rik, Yajus and Saman verses, together with the sutras.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2633–_2634; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 48 (14.111.48)

वसन्ते ब्राह्मणस्य स्यादाधेयोऽग्निर्नराधिप । वसन्तो ब्राह्मणो ज्ञेयो वेदयोनिः स उच्यते ॥

vasante brāhmaṇasya syādādheyo'gnirnarādhipa | vasanto brāhmaṇo jñeyo vedayoniḥ sa ucyate

For a Brahmin the fire is to be set up in spring, O lord of men; spring should be known as the Brahmin, and is called the womb of the Veda.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2635–_2636; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 49 (14.111.49)

अग्न्याधेयं तु येनाथ वसन्ते क्रियतेऽनघ । तस्य श्रीर्ब्रह्मवृद्धिश्च ब्राह्मणस्य विवर्धते ॥

agnyādheyaṃ tu yenātha vasante kriyate'nagha | tasya śrīrbrahmavṛddhiśca brāhmaṇasya vivardhate

O sinless one, the Brahmin who sets up the fire in spring sees his prosperity and his Vedic growth increase.

Note on the text: Corrected बह्मवृद्धिश्च → ब्रह्मवृद्धिश्च (misprint in Wikisource; broken conjunct; CE brahmavṛddhiś ca). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2637–_2638; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 50 (14.111.50)

क्षत्रियस्याग्निराधेयो ग्रीष्मे श्रेष्ठः स वै नृप । येनाधानं तु वै ग्रीष्मे क्रियते तस्य वर्धते । श्रीः प्रजाः पशवश्चैव वित्तं तेजो बलं यशः ॥

kṣatriyasyāgnirādheyo grīṣme śreṣṭhaḥ sa vai nṛpa | yenādhānaṃ tu vai grīṣme kriyate tasya vardhate | śrīḥ prajāḥ paśavaścaiva vittaṃ tejo balaṃ yaśaḥ

For a Kshatriya the fire is to be set up in summer, which is best for him, O king. He who performs the setting up in summer prospers: prosperity, offspring, cattle, wealth, splendour, strength and fame.

Note on the text: Corrected प्रजाःक → प्रजाः (misprint in Wikisource; stray क; CE śrīḥ prajāḥ paśavaś caiva). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2639–_2641; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 51 (14.111.51)

शरदृतौ तु वैश्यस्य ह्याधानीयो हुताशनः । शरद्रात्रं स्वयं वैश्यो वैश्ययोनिः स उच्यते ॥

śaradṛtau tu vaiśyasya hyādhānīyo hutāśanaḥ | śaradrātraṃ svayaṃ vaiśyo vaiśyayoniḥ sa ucyate

For a Vaishya the fire is to be set up in the autumn season; autumn is the Vaishya himself, and is called the womb of the Vaishyas.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2642–_2643; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 52 (14.111.52)

शरद्याधानमेवं वै क्रियते येन पाण्डव । तस्यापि श्रीः प्रजाऽऽयुश्च पशवोऽर्थश्च वर्धते ॥

śaradyādhānamevaṃ vai kriyate yena pāṇḍava | tasyāpi śrīḥ prajā''yuśca paśavo'rthaśca vardhate

O Pandava, he who performs the setting up in autumn also sees his prosperity, offspring, long life, cattle and wealth increase.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2644–_2645; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 53 (14.111.53)

पशवः सर्व एवैते त्रिभिः सर्वैरलङ्कृताः । अग्निहोत्राद्धि वर्तन्ते तैरेव ध्रियते जगत् ॥

paśavaḥ sarva evaite tribhiḥ sarvairalaṅkṛtāḥ | agnihotrāddhi vartante taireva dhriyate jagat

All these animals, adorned with all three Vedas, come forth from the agnihotra; by them this world is sustained.

Note on the text: Corrected अग्निहोत्रा ह्यवर्तन्ते → अग्निहोत्राद्धि वर्तन्ते (misprint in Wikisource; ह्यवर्तन्ते is not a valid form; CE agnihotrāt pravartante). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2646–_2647; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 54 (14.111.54)

ग्राम्यारण्याश्च पशवो वृक्षाश्चैव तृणानि च । फलान्योषधयश्चापि अग्निहोत्रकृते हविः ॥

grāmyāraṇyāśca paśavo vṛkṣāścaiva tṛṇāni ca | phalānyoṣadhayaścāpi agnihotrakṛte haviḥ

Domestic and wild animals, trees and grasses, fruits and herbs: all these exist for the sake of the agnihotra, as offerings.

Note on the text: Corrected पृक्षाश्चैव → वृक्षाश्चैव (misprint in Wikisource; प for व; CE vṛkṣās). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2648–_2649; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 55 (14.111.55)

रसाः स्नेहास्तथा गन्धा रत्नानि मणयस्तथा । काञ्चनानि च लोहानि ह्यग्निहोत्रकृतेऽभवन् ॥

rasāḥ snehāstathā gandhā ratnāni maṇayastathā | kāñcanāni ca lohāni hyagnihotrakṛte'bhavan

Juices, fats and perfumes, gems and jewels, gold and the metals: all came into being for the sake of the agnihotra.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2650–_2651; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 56 (14.111.56)

आयुर्वेदो धनुर्वेदो मीमांसा न्यायविस्तरः । धर्मशास्त्रं च तत्सर्वमग्निहोत्रकृते कृतम् ॥

āyurvedo dhanurvedo mīmāṃsā nyāyavistaraḥ | dharmaśāstraṃ ca tatsarvamagnihotrakṛte kṛtam

Ayurveda, Dhanurveda, Mimamsa, the wide science of Nyaya, and the law-books: all of this was made for the sake of the agnihotra.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2652–_2653; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 57 (14.111.57)

छन्दः शिक्षा च कल्पश्च तथा व्याकरणानि च । शास्त्रं ज्योतिर्निरुक्तं चाप्यग्निहोत्रकृते कृतम् ॥

chandaḥ śikṣā ca kalpaśca tathā vyākaraṇāni ca | śāstraṃ jyotirniruktaṃ cāpyagnihotrakṛte kṛtam

Metre, phonetics, the ritual manuals and the grammars, the sciences, astronomy and etymology: these were made for the sake of the agnihotra.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2654–_2655; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 58 (14.111.58)

इतिहासपुराणं च गाथाश्चोपनिषत्तथा । आथर्वणानि कर्माणि चाग्निहोत्रकृते कृतम् ॥

itihāsapurāṇaṃ ca gāthāścopaniṣattathā | ātharvaṇāni karmāṇi cāgnihotrakṛte kṛtam

The Itihasa and the Purana, the Gathas and the Upanishads, and the Atharvan rites were made for the sake of the agnihotra.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2656–_2657; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 59 (14.111.59)

यच्चैतस्यां पृथिव्यां वै किंचिदस्ति चराचरम् । तत्सर्वमग्निहोत्रस्य कृते सृष्टं स्वयंभुवा ॥

yaccaitasyāṃ pṛthivyāṃ vai kiṃcidasti carācaram | tatsarvamagnihotrasya kṛte sṛṣṭaṃ svayaṃbhuvā

Whatever moving or unmoving thing there is on this earth, all of it was created by the Self-born for the sake of the agnihotra.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2658–_2659; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 60 (14.111.60)

अग्निहोत्रस्य दर्शस्य पूर्णमासस्य चाप्यथ । यूपेष्टिपशुबन्धानां सोमपानक्रियावताम् ॥

agnihotrasya darśasya pūrṇamāsasya cāpyatha | yūpeṣṭipaśubandhānāṃ somapānakriyāvatām

For the agnihotra, for the new-moon and full-moon sacrifices, for the sacrificial post, the ishti and the animal sacrifice, and for the rites of those who drink soma:

Note on the text: Corrected युपेष्टि → यूपेष्टि (misprint in Wikisource; short u for long; CE yūpeṣṭi). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2660–_2661; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 61 (14.111.61)

तिथिनक्षत्रयोगानां मुहूर्तकरणात्मकम् । कालस्य वेदनार्थं तु ज्योतिर्ज्ञानं पुराऽनघ ॥

tithinakṣatrayogānāṃ muhūrtakaraṇātmakam | kālasya vedanārthaṃ tu jyotirjñānaṃ purā'nagha

for knowing time, with its lunar days, constellations, conjunctions, moments and divisions, the knowledge of astronomy was devised long ago, O sinless one.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2662–_2663; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 62 (14.111.62)

ऋग्यजुः साममन्त्राणां श्लोकतत्वार्थचिन्तनात् । प्रत्यापत्तिविकल्पानां छन्दोज्ञानं प्रकल्पितम् ॥

ṛgyajuḥ sāmamantrāṇāṃ ślokatatvārthacintanāt | pratyāpattivikalpānāṃ chandojñānaṃ prakalpitam

From reflection on the true meaning of the verses of the Rik, Yajus and Saman mantras, the knowledge of metre was devised, to settle the alternatives of their adaptation.

Note on the text: Corrected प्रल्पितम् → प्रकल्पितम् (misprint in Wikisource; syllable क dropped; CE prakalpitam). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2664–_2665; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 63 (14.111.63)

वर्णाक्षरपदार्थानां सन्धिलिङ्गं प्रकीर्तितम् । नामधातुविवेकार्थं पुरा व्याकरणं स्मृतम् ॥

varṇākṣarapadārthānāṃ sandhiliṅgaṃ prakīrtitam | nāmadhātuvivekārthaṃ purā vyākaraṇaṃ smṛtam

The rules of junction and gender for sounds, syllables, words and meanings have been declared; and long ago grammar was made, to distinguish noun and verbal root.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2666–_2667; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 64 (14.111.64)

यूपवेद्यध्वरार्थं तु प्रोक्षणश्रवणाय तु । यज्ञदैवतयोगार्थं शिक्षाज्ञानं प्रकल्पितम् ॥

yūpavedyadhvarārthaṃ tu prokṣaṇaśravaṇāya tu | yajñadaivatayogārthaṃ śikṣājñānaṃ prakalpitam

For the sacrificial post, the altar and the rite, for sprinkling and for hearing, and for linking the sacrifice with its deities, the knowledge of phonetics was devised.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2668–_2669; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 65 (14.111.65)

यज्ञपात्रपवित्रार्थं द्रव्यसंभारणाय च । सर्वयज्ञविकल्पाय पुराकल्पं प्रकल्पितम् ॥

yajñapātrapavitrārthaṃ dravyasaṃbhāraṇāya ca | sarvayajñavikalpāya purākalpaṃ prakalpitam

For the sacrificial vessels and purifiers, for the gathering of materials, and for all the variations of sacrifices, the ancient ritual manual was devised.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2670–_2671; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 66 (14.111.66)

नामधातुविकल्पानां तत्वार्थनियमाय च । सर्ववेदनिरुक्तानां निरुक्तमृषिभिः कृतम् ॥

nāmadhātuvikalpānāṃ tatvārthaniyamāya ca | sarvavedaniruktānāṃ niruktamṛṣibhiḥ kṛtam

To fix the true meaning of the variants of nouns and roots, the sages made the Nirukta of all the Vedas.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2672–_2673; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 67 (14.111.67)

वेद्यर्थं पृथिवी सृष्टा संभारार्थं तथैव च । इध्मार्थमथ यूपार्थं ब्रह्मा चक्रे वनस्पतिम् ॥

vedyarthaṃ pṛthivī sṛṣṭā saṃbhārārthaṃ tathaiva ca | idhmārthamatha yūpārthaṃ brahmā cakre vanaspatim

The earth was created for the altar and for the gathering of materials; for fuel and for the sacrificial post, Brahma made the trees.

Note on the text: Corrected संभारार्थ → संभारार्थं (misprint in Wikisource; anusvara dropped; CE saṃbhārārthaṃ). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2674–_2675; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 68 (14.111.68)

ग्राम्यारण्याश्च पशवो जायन्ते यज्ञकारणात् । मन्त्राणां विनियोगं च प्रोक्षितं श्रपणं तथा ॥

grāmyāraṇyāśca paśavo jāyante yajñakāraṇāt | mantrāṇāṃ viniyogaṃ ca prokṣitaṃ śrapaṇaṃ tathā

Domestic and wild animals are born for the sake of sacrifice, as are the application of the mantras, the sprinkling and the cooking.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2676–_2677; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 69 (14.111.69)

अनुयाजप्रयाजाश्च मरुतां शंसिनस्तथा । औद्गात्रं चैव साम्नां वै प्रतिप्रस्थानमेव च ॥

anuyājaprayājāśca marutāṃ śaṃsinastathā | audgātraṃ caiva sāmnāṃ vai pratiprasthānameva ca

The after-offerings and fore-offerings, the praise-reciters of the Maruts, the office of the Udgatri in the Samans, and the Pratiprasthana rite,

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2678–_2679; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 70 (14.111.70)

विष्णुक्रमाणां क्रमणं दक्षिणावभृथं तथा । त्रिकालमर्चनं चैव स्थानेषूपहृतं तथा ॥

viṣṇukramāṇāṃ kramaṇaṃ dakṣiṇāvabhṛthaṃ tathā | trikālamarcanaṃ caiva sthāneṣūpahṛtaṃ tathā

the strides of Vishnu, the priestly fee and the final bath, the worship at the three times of day, and the offerings brought to their places,

Note on the text: Corrected त्रिकासमर्चनं → त्रिकालमर्चनं (misprint in Wikisource; स for ल; CE trikālam arcanaṃ). Corrected स्यानेषूपहृतं → स्थानेषूपहृतं (misprint in Wikisource; aspirate dropped; CE sthāneṣūpahṛtaṃ). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2680–_2681; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 71 (14.111.71)

देवताग्रहणं मोक्षं हविषां श्रपणं तथा । नावबुद्ध्यन्ति ये विप्रा निन्दन्ति च पशोर्वधम् । ते यान्ति नरकं घोरं रौरवं तमसाऽऽवृतम् ॥

devatāgrahaṇaṃ mokṣaṃ haviṣāṃ śrapaṇaṃ tathā | nāvabuddhyanti ye viprā nindanti ca paśorvadham | te yānti narakaṃ ghoraṃ rauravaṃ tamasā''vṛtam

the invocation of the deities, the release and the cooking of the oblations: Brahmins who do not understand this and who revile the slaying of the animal go to the terrible Raurava hell, wrapped in darkness.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2682–_2684; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 72 (14.111.72)

शतवर्षसहस्राणि तत्र स्थित्वा नराधमाः । कृमिभिर्भक्ष्यमाणाश्च तिष्ठेयुः पूयशोणिते ॥

śatavarṣasahasrāṇi tatra sthitvā narādhamāḥ | kṛmibhirbhakṣyamāṇāśca tiṣṭheyuḥ pūyaśoṇite

Staying there for a hundred thousand years, those lowest of men are eaten by worms and remain in pus and blood.

Note on the text: Corrected कृमिर्भिर्भक्ष्यमाणाश्च → कृमिभिर्भक्ष्यमाणाश्च (misprint in Wikisource; stray र्; CE krimibhir). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2685–_2686; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 73 (14.111.73)

वृक्षा यूपत्वमिच्छन्ति पशुत्वं पशवस्तथा । तृणानीच्छन्ति बर्हिष्ट्वमोषध्यश्च हविष्यताम् । सोमत्वं च लताः सर्वा वेदित्वं च वसुंधरा ॥

vṛkṣā yūpatvamicchanti paśutvaṃ paśavastathā | tṛṇānīcchanti barhiṣṭvamoṣadhyaśca haviṣyatām | somatvaṃ ca latāḥ sarvā veditvaṃ ca vasuṃdharā

Trees wish to be sacrificial posts, and animals wish to be victims; grasses wish to be the strewn sacred grass, herbs to be oblations; all the creepers wish to be soma, and the earth wishes to be the altar.

Note on the text: Corrected वसुंधर → वसुंधरा (misprint in Wikisource; long ā dropped; CE vasuṃdharā). In the Appendix this verse (_2691–_2693) comes after _2687–_2690, which Wikisource has as verses 75–76. Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2691–_2693; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 74 (14.111.74)

यस्मात्पशुत्वमिच्छन्ति पशवः स्वर्गलिप्सया । तस्मात्पशुवधे हिंसा नास्ति यज्ञेषु पाण्डव ॥

yasmātpaśutvamicchanti paśavaḥ svargalipsayā | tasmātpaśuvadhe hiṃsā nāsti yajñeṣu pāṇḍava

Because animals wish to be victims, longing for heaven, there is no violence in the killing of an animal in sacrifices, O Pandava.

Note on the text: Appendix lines _2694–_2695. Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2694–_2695; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 75 (14.111.75)

यूपास्तन्मन्त्रसंस्कारैर्दर्भाश्च पशवस्तथा । यजमानेन सहिताः स्वर्गं यान्ति नरेश्वर ॥

yūpāstanmantrasaṃskārairdarbhāśca paśavastathā | yajamānena sahitāḥ svargaṃ yānti nareśvara

The posts, purified by their mantras, and the sacred grass and the animals too, go to heaven together with the sacrificer, O lord of men.

Note on the text: In the Appendix these lines (_2687–_2688) come before the lines of verse 73; Wikisource places them after verse 74. Wikisource's order is kept. Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2687–_2688; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 76 (14.111.76)

यावत्कालं हि यज्वा वै स्वर्गलोके महीयते । तावत्कालं प्रमोदन्ते पशवो ह्यध्वरे हताः ॥

yāvatkālaṃ hi yajvā vai svargaloke mahīyate | tāvatkālaṃ pramodante paśavo hyadhvare hatāḥ

As long as the sacrificer is honoured in the world of heaven, so long do the animals slain in the sacrifice rejoice.

Note on the text: In the Appendix these lines (_2689–_2690) come before the lines of verse 73; Wikisource places them after verse 74. Wikisource's order is kept. Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2689–_2690; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 77 (14.111.77)

अहिंसा वैदिकं कर्म ब्रह्मकर्मेति तत्कृतम् । वेदोक्तं ये न कुर्वन्ति हिंसाबुद्ध्या क्रतून्द्विजाः । सद्यः शूद्रत्वमायान्ति प्रेत्य चण्डालतामपि ॥

ahiṃsā vaidikaṃ karma brahmakarmeti tatkṛtam | vedoktaṃ ye na kurvanti hiṃsābuddhyā kratūndvijāḥ | sadyaḥ śūdratvamāyānti pretya caṇḍālatāmapi

Non-violence is a Vedic rite; it is called the work of Brahman. Twice-born men who, with the thought of violence, do not perform the sacrifices ordained in the Veda at once reach the state of Shudras, and after death that of Chandalas as well.

Note on the text: Corrected शूद्रत्वामायान्ति → शूद्रत्वमायान्ति (misprint in Wikisource; stray ā; CE śūdratvam āyānti). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2696–_2698; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 78 (14.111.78)

गावो यज्ञार्थमुत्पन्ना दक्षिणार्थं तथैव च । सुवर्णं रजतं चैव पात्रीकुम्भार्थमेव च ॥

gāvo yajñārthamutpannā dakṣiṇārthaṃ tathaiva ca | suvarṇaṃ rajataṃ caiva pātrīkumbhārthameva ca

Cows were created for the sake of sacrifice and of the priestly fee; so too gold and silver, and vessels and pots.

Note on the text: Corrected पात्रक्रुभार्थमेव → पात्रीकुम्भार्थमेव (misprint in Wikisource; garbled; CE pātrī kumbhārtham eva). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2699–_2700; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 79 (14.111.79)

दर्भाः संस्तरणार्थं तु रक्षसां रक्षणाय च । यजनार्थं द्विजाः सृष्टास्तारका दिवि देवताः ॥

darbhāḥ saṃstaraṇārthaṃ tu rakṣasāṃ rakṣaṇāya ca | yajanārthaṃ dvijāḥ sṛṣṭāstārakā divi devatāḥ

Sacred grass was made for strewing and for protection against the demons; Brahmins for performing the sacrifice; and the stars as deities in the sky.

Note on the text: Corrected संस्तरणार्तं → संस्तरणार्थं (misprint in Wikisource; त for थ; CE saṃstaraṇārthaṃ). Corrected पजनार्थं → यजनार्थं (misprint in Wikisource; प for य; CE yajanārthaṃ). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2701–_2702; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 80 (14.111.80)

क्षत्रिया रक्षणार्थं तु वैश्या वार्तानिमित्ततः । शुश्रूषार्थं त्रयाणां वै शूद्राः सृष्टाः स्वयंभुवा ॥

kṣatriyā rakṣaṇārthaṃ tu vaiśyā vārtānimittataḥ | śuśrūṣārthaṃ trayāṇāṃ vai śūdrāḥ sṛṣṭāḥ svayaṃbhuvā

Kshatriyas were created by the Self-born for protection, Vaishyas for the sake of livelihood, and Shudras for the service of the three.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2703–_2704; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 81 (14.111.81)

एवमेतज्जगत्सर्वमग्निहोत्रकृते कृतम् । नावबुध्यन्ति ये चैव नरास्तु तमसा वृताः ॥

evametajjagatsarvamagnihotrakṛte kṛtam | nāvabudhyanti ye caiva narāstu tamasā vṛtāḥ

Thus all this world was made for the sake of the agnihotra. Men who, covered with darkness, do not understand this,

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2705–_2706; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 82 (14.111.82)

ते यान्ति नरकं घोरं रौरवं नाम विश्रुतम् । रौरवाद्विप्रयुक्तास्तु कृमियोनिं व्रजन्ति ते ॥

te yānti narakaṃ ghoraṃ rauravaṃ nāma viśrutam | rauravādviprayuktāstu kṛmiyoniṃ vrajanti te

go to the terrible hell known as Raurava; and when released from Raurava, they enter the birth of worms.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2707–_2708; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 83 (14.111.83)

यथोक्तमग्निहोत्राणां शुश्रूषन्ति च ये द्विजाः । तैर्दत्तं सहुतं चेष्टं दत्तमध्यापितं भवेत् ॥

yathoktamagnihotrāṇāṃ śuśrūṣanti ca ye dvijāḥ | tairdattaṃ sahutaṃ ceṣṭaṃ dattamadhyāpitaṃ bhavet

Those twice-born who attend as prescribed upon the agnihotras: by them gifts are given, oblations well offered, sacrifices performed, and teaching imparted.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2709–_2710; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 84 (14.111.84)

एवमिष्टं च पूर्तं च यद्विप्रैः क्रियते नृप । तत्सर्वं सम्यगाहृत्य चादित्ये स्थापयाम्यहम् ॥

evamiṣṭaṃ ca pūrtaṃ ca yadvipraiḥ kriyate nṛpa | tatsarvaṃ samyagāhṛtya cāditye sthāpayāmyaham

Thus whatever of sacrifice and of charitable works Brahmins perform, O king, all of that I gather in full and place in the Sun.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2711–_2712; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 85 (14.111.85)

मया स्थापितमादित्ये लोकस्य सुकृतं हि तत् । धारयेद्यत्सहस्रांशुः सुकृतं ह्यग्निहोत्रिणाम् ॥

mayā sthāpitamāditye lokasya sukṛtaṃ hi tat | dhārayedyatsahasrāṃśuḥ sukṛtaṃ hyagnihotriṇām

What I have placed in the Sun is the world's store of merit; the thousand-rayed one upholds the merit of those who keep the agnihotra.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2713–_2714; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 86 (14.111.86)

यावत्कालं तु तिष्ठन्ति लोके चाप्यग्निहोत्रिणः । तावदेव हि पुण्येन दीप्यते रविणाऽम्बरे ॥

yāvatkālaṃ tu tiṣṭhanti loke cāpyagnihotriṇaḥ | tāvadeva hi puṇyena dīpyate raviṇā'mbare

As long as those who keep the agnihotra remain in the world, so long does the Sun shine in the sky by their merit.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2715–_2716; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 87 (14.111.87)

स्वर्गे स्वर्गं गतानां तु वीर्याद्भवति वीर्यवान् । तत्र ते ह्युपभुञ्जन्ति ह्यग्निहोत्रस्य तत्फलम् । समानरूपा देवानां तिष्ठन्त्याभूतसंप्लवम् ॥

svarge svargaṃ gatānāṃ tu vīryādbhavati vīryavān | tatra te hyupabhuñjanti hyagnihotrasya tatphalam | samānarūpā devānāṃ tiṣṭhantyābhūtasaṃplavam

Among those who have gone to heaven, a strong man grows strong there through his strength. There they enjoy the fruit of the agnihotra, and they remain with forms like those of the gods until the dissolution of all beings.

Note on the text: Corrected तिष्ठन्त्याबूतसंप्लवम् → तिष्ठन्त्याभूतसंप्लवम् (misprint in Wikisource; ब for भ; CE ābhūtasaṃplavam). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2717–_2719; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 88 (14.111.88)

वृथाऽग्निना च ये केचिद्दह्यन्ते ह्यग्निहोत्रिणः । न तेऽग्निहोत्रिणां लोके मनसाऽपि व्रजन्ति ते ॥

vṛthā'gninā ca ye keciddahyante hyagnihotriṇaḥ | na te'gnihotriṇāṃ loke manasā'pi vrajanti te

Those keepers of the agnihotra who are burned by fire to no purpose do not reach, even in thought, the world of the agnihotrins.

Note on the text: Corrected मानसाऽपि → मनसाऽपि (misprint in Wikisource; stray ā; CE manasāpi). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2720–_2721; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 89 (14.111.89)

वीरघ्रास्तु दुराचारा दरिद्रास्तु नराधमाः । विकला व्याधिताश्चापि जायन्ते शूद्रयोनिषु ॥

vīraghrāstu durācārā daridrāstu narādhamāḥ | vikalā vyādhitāścāpi jāyante śūdrayoniṣu

Slayers of heroes, ill-behaved, poor, the lowest of men, they are born crippled and diseased in Shudra wombs.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2722–_2723; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 90 (14.111.90)

तस्मादप्रोषितैर्नित्यमग्निहोत्रं द्विजातिभिः । होतव्यं विधिवद्राजन्नूर्ध्वामिच्छन्ति ये गतिम् ॥

tasmādaproṣitairnityamagnihotraṃ dvijātibhiḥ | hotavyaṃ vidhivadrājannūrdhvāmicchanti ye gatim

Therefore the twice-born who are not away from home should always offer the agnihotra according to rule, O king, if they desire the upward path.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2724–_2725; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 91 (14.111.91)

आत्मवन्नावमन्तव्यमग्निहोत्रं युधिष्ठिर । न त्याज्यं क्षणमप्येतदग्निहोत्रं युधिष्ठिर ॥

ātmavannāvamantavyamagnihotraṃ yudhiṣṭhira | na tyājyaṃ kṣaṇamapyetadagnihotraṃ yudhiṣṭhira

A self-possessed man should not neglect the agnihotra, O Yudhishthira; it must not be abandoned even for a moment, O Yudhishthira.

Note on the text: Corrected युधिष्टिर → युधिष्ठिर (misprint in Wikisource; ट for ठ). Corrected क्षणिमप्येतद → क्षणमप्येतद (misprint in Wikisource; stray ि; CE kṣaṇam apy etad). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2726–_2727; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 92 (14.111.92)

वृद्धत्वेऽप्यग्निहोत्रं ये गृह्णन्ति विधिवद्द्विजाः । शूद्रान्नाद्विरता दान्ताः संयतेन्द्रियबुद्धयः ॥

vṛddhatve'pyagnihotraṃ ye gṛhṇanti vidhivaddvijāḥ | śūdrānnādviratā dāntāḥ saṃyatendriyabuddhayaḥ

Those twice-born who take up the agnihotra by rule even in old age, who have turned away from a Shudra's food, are self-controlled, and whose senses and minds are disciplined,

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2728–_2729; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 93 (14.111.93)

पञ्चयज्ञपरा नित्यं लोभक्रोधविवर्जिताः । द्विकालमतिथींश्चैव पूजयन्ति च भक्तितः ॥

pañcayajñaparā nityaṃ lobhakrodhavivarjitāḥ | dvikālamatithīṃścaiva pūjayanti ca bhaktitaḥ

who are always devoted to the five sacrifices, free from greed and anger, and who worship guests with devotion at both times of the day,

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2730–_2731; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 94 (14.111.94)

तेऽपि सूर्योदयप्रख्यैर्विमानैर्वायुवेगिभिः । मम लोके प्रमोदन्ते दृष्ट्वा मां च युधिष्ठिर ॥

te'pi sūryodayaprakhyairvimānairvāyuvegibhiḥ | mama loke pramodante dṛṣṭvā māṃ ca yudhiṣṭhira

they too rejoice in my world, in aerial cars that shine like the rising sun and move swift as the wind, seeing me, O Yudhishthira.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2732–_2733; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 95 (14.111.95)

मन्वन्तरं च तत्रैकं मोदिता द्विजसत्तमाः । इह मानुष्यके लोके जायन्ते द्विजसत्तमाः ॥

manvantaraṃ ca tatraikaṃ moditā dvijasattamāḥ | iha mānuṣyake loke jāyante dvijasattamāḥ

For one Manvantara those best of Brahmins rejoice there; then they are born here in the world of men, again as best of Brahmins.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2734–_2735; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 96 (14.111.96)

बालाहिताग्नयो ये च शूद्रान्नाद्विरताः सदा । क्रोधलोभविनिर्मुक्ताः प्रातस्स्नानपरायणाः । यथोक्तमग्निहोत्रं वै जुह्वते विजितेन्द्रियाः ॥

bālāhitāgnayo ye ca śūdrānnādviratāḥ sadā | krodhalobhavinirmuktāḥ prātassnānaparāyaṇāḥ | yathoktamagnihotraṃ vai juhvate vijitendriyāḥ

Those who set up the sacred fires in youth, who always abstain from a Shudra's food, free from anger and greed, devoted to bathing at dawn, offer the agnihotra as prescribed, their senses conquered,

Note on the text: Corrected बालाहिताग्रयो → बालाहिताग्नयो (misprint in Wikisource; र for न; CE bālāhitāgnayo). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2736–_2738; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 97 (14.111.97)

आतिथेयाः सदा सौम्या द्विकालं मत्परायणाः । ते यान्त्यपुनरावृत्तिं भित्त्वा चादित्यमण्डलम् ॥

ātitheyāḥ sadā saumyā dvikālaṃ matparāyaṇāḥ | te yāntyapunarāvṛttiṃ bhittvā cādityamaṇḍalam

hospitable, always gentle, intent on me at both times of the day, they go to the state from which there is no return, piercing the orb of the sun.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2739–_2740; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 98 (14.111.98)

मम लोकं सपत्नीका यानैः सूर्योदयप्रभैः । तत्र बालार्कसङ्काशाः कामगाः कामरूपिणः ॥

mama lokaṃ sapatnīkā yānaiḥ sūryodayaprabhaiḥ | tatra bālārkasaṅkāśāḥ kāmagāḥ kāmarūpiṇaḥ

They go with their wives to my world in vehicles bright as the rising sun; there, radiant as the young sun, they move at will, taking whatever forms they wish.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2741–_2742; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 99 (14.111.99)

ऐश्वर्यगुणसंपन्नाः क्रीडन्ति च यथासुखम् । इत्येषामाहिताग्नीनां विभूतिः पाण्डुनन्दन ॥

aiśvaryaguṇasaṃpannāḥ krīḍanti ca yathāsukham | ityeṣāmāhitāgnīnāṃ vibhūtiḥ pāṇḍunandana

Endowed with the qualities of lordship, they play as they please. Such, O son of Pandu, is the glory of those who keep the sacred fires.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2743–_2744; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 100 (14.111.100)

श्रुतिं केचिन्निन्दमानाः श्रुतिं दूष्यन्त्यबुद्धयः । प्रमाणं न च कुर्वन्ति ये यान्तीहापि दुर्गतिम् ॥

śrutiṃ kecinnindamānāḥ śrutiṃ dūṣyantyabuddhayaḥ | pramāṇaṃ na ca kurvanti ye yāntīhāpi durgatim

Some unwise people revile the Veda and find fault with it; those who do not accept it as authority come to an evil fate even here.

Note on the text: Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2745–_2746; not in the critical edition's constituted text.

Verse 101 (14.111.101)

प्रमाणमितिहासं च वेदान्कुर्वन्ति ये द्विजाः । ते यान्त्यमरसायुज्यं नित्यमास्तिक्यबुद्धयः ॥

pramāṇamitihāsaṃ ca vedānkurvanti ye dvijāḥ | te yāntyamarasāyujyaṃ nityamāstikyabuddhayaḥ

Those twice-born who accept the Itihasa and the Vedas as authority, ever firm in belief, attain union with the immortals.

Note on the text: Corrected कुर्वति → कुर्वन्ति (misprint in Wikisource; न् dropped; CE kurvanti). Appendix I No. 4 (14,096.015d@004), lines _2747–_2748; not in the critical edition's constituted text.