Ashvamedhika Parva · Adhyaya 99

Pure and Impure Seed and Womb; the Gayatri; Honour Due to Brahmins

Having heard of the three kinds of gift, Yudhishthira asks Krishna about the marks of pure and impure seed and womb and how Brahmins cross over and carry others across. Krishna describes the Brahmin of unbroken celibacy and the well-born wife, condemns union with an unchaste woman or a Shudra woman, and praises the Gayatri (Savitri) as the life-breath of the Vedas. He then declares that honouring Brahmins is honouring him, lists the hells awaiting those who revile or strike them, and ends by saying that it is through the favour of Brahmins that he bears the earth and conquers the asuras.

Adhyaya 98 All adhyayas Adhyaya 100

वैशम्पायन उवाच · Vaishampayana said

Verse 1 (14.99.1)

श्रुत्वैवं सात्विकं दानं राजसं तामसं तथा । पृथक्पृथक्त्वेन गतिं फलं चापि पृथक्पृथक् ॥

śrutvaivaṃ sātvikaṃ dānaṃ rājasaṃ tāmasaṃ tathā | pṛthakpṛthaktvena gatiṃ phalaṃ cāpi pṛthakpṛthak

Having heard thus of gifts that are sattvic, rajasic and tamasic, and of the destination and the fruit of each, one by one,

Verse 2 (14.99.2)

अवितृप्तः प्रहृष्टात्मा पुण्यं धर्मामृतं पुनः । युधिष्ठिरो धर्मरतः केशवं पुनरब्रवीत् ॥

avitṛptaḥ prahṛṣṭātmā puṇyaṃ dharmāmṛtaṃ punaḥ | yudhiṣṭhiro dharmarataḥ keśavaṃ punarabravīt

Yudhishthira, devoted to dharma, still not sated, his heart delighted, wishing again to hear that meritorious nectar of dharma, spoke once more to Keshava.

युधिष्ठिर उवाच · Yudhishthira said

Verse 3 (14.99.3)

बीजयोनिविशुद्धानां लक्षणानि वदस्व मे । बीजदोषेण लोकेश जायन्ते च कथं नराः ॥

bījayoniviśuddhānāṃ lakṣaṇāni vadasva me | bījadoṣeṇa lokeśa jāyante ca kathaṃ narāḥ

Tell me the marks of those who are pure in seed and in womb, O Lord of the worlds, and how men are born through a fault of the seed.

Note on the text: Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0455–0456. Speaker: verses 3–5 are Yudhishthira's own words; the page prints no heading for them (the only heading, at verse 1, is वैशंपायन उवाच), so they are given to Yudhishthira.

Verse 4 (14.99.4)

आचारदोषं देवेश वक्तुमर्हस्यशेषतः । ब्राह्मणानां विशेषं च गुणदोषौ च केशव ॥

ācāradoṣaṃ deveśa vaktumarhasyaśeṣataḥ | brāhmaṇānāṃ viśeṣaṃ ca guṇadoṣau ca keśava

O Lord of the gods, you are able to tell me fully of the faults of conduct, and of the particular merits and faults of Brahmins, O Keshava.

Note on the text: Corrected देवेशं → देवेश (misprint in Wikisource; vocative; the critical edition reads deveśa). Corrected वक्तुगर्हस्यशेषतः → वक्तुमर्हस्यशेषतः (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads vaktum arhasy aśeṣataḥ). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0457–0458.

Verse 5 (14.99.5)

चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य कुत्स्नस्य वर्तमानाः प्रतिग्रहे । केन विप्रा विशेषेण तरन्ते तारयन्ति च । एतान्कथय देवेश त्वद्भक्तस्य नमोस्तु ते ॥

cāturvarṇyasya kutsnasya vartamānāḥ pratigrahe | kena viprā viśeṣeṇa tarante tārayanti ca | etānkathaya deveśa tvadbhaktasya namostu te

Among all four classes, those who live by accepting gifts: by what special means do Brahmins cross over and carry others across? Tell me this, O Lord of the gods; salutation to you, your devotee.

भगवानुवाच · Krishna (the Blessed Lord) said

Verse 6 (14.99.6)

शृणु राजन्यथावृत्तं बीजयोनिं शुभाशुभम् । येन तिष्ठति लोकोयं विनश्यति च पाण्डव ॥

śṛṇu rājanyathāvṛttaṃ bījayoniṃ śubhāśubham | yena tiṣṭhati lokoyaṃ vinaśyati ca pāṇḍava

Listen, O king, as it truly is, to the matter of seed and womb, the auspicious and the inauspicious, by which this world stands and by which it perishes, O Pandava.

Verse 7 (14.99.7)

अविप्लुतब्रह्मचर्यो यस्तु विप्रो यथाविधि । स बीजं नाम विज्ञेयं तस्य बीजं शुभं भवेत् ॥

aviplutabrahmacaryo yastu vipro yathāvidhi | sa bījaṃ nāma vijñeyaṃ tasya bījaṃ śubhaṃ bhavet

A Brahmin who has kept his celibacy unbroken, in due order, is to be known as the 'seed'; his seed is auspicious.

Note on the text: Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0464–0465. Wikisource reads स बीजं नाम (CE: subījaṃ nāma); kept as a recension reading.

Verse 8 (14.99.8)

कन्या चाक्षतयोनिः स्यात्कुलीना पितृमातृतः । ब्राह्मणादिषु विवाहेषु परिणीता यथाविधि । सा प्रशस्ता वरारोहा तस्या योनिः प्रशस्यते ॥

kanyā cākṣatayoniḥ syātkulīnā pitṛmātṛtaḥ | brāhmaṇādiṣu vivāheṣu pariṇītā yathāvidhi | sā praśastā varārohā tasyā yoniḥ praśasyate

A maiden whose womb is unbroken, well born on both her father's and her mother's side, and married by rule in the marriages of Brahmins and the other classes: she, the lovely-hipped one, is praised, and her womb is praised.

Note on the text: Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0466–0468. Wikisource reads ब्राह्मणादिषु (CE: brāhmādiṣu); kept as a recension reading.

Verse 9 (14.99.9)

मनसा कर्मणा वाचा या गच्छेत्परपूरुषम् । योनिस्तस्या नरश्रेष्ठ गर्भाधानं न चार्हति ॥

manasā karmaṇā vācā yā gacchetparapūruṣam | yonistasyā naraśreṣṭha garbhādhānaṃ na cārhati

A woman who goes to another man in mind, in deed or in word: her womb, O best of men, is not fit to receive a child.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension); no matching line in Appendix I No. 4.

Verse 10 (14.99.10)

स्वैरिण्या यस्तु पापात्मा संतानार्थमिहेच्छति । स कुलान्पातयत्याशु दशपूर्वान्दशापरान् ॥

svairiṇyā yastu pāpātmā saṃtānārthamihecchati | sa kulānpātayatyāśu daśapūrvāndaśāparān

The sinful man who here seeks offspring from an unchaste woman quickly brings down his own families, ten generations before him and ten after.

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension); no matching line in Appendix I No. 4.

Verse 11 (14.99.11)

दुष्टयोनौ तु यो मोहाद्रेतः सिञ्चति मूढधीः । तद्रेतसा समुत्पन्नः षडङ्गविदपि द्विजः । साधुभिः स बहिष्कार्यः श्वापाक इव पार्थिव ॥

duṣṭayonau tu yo mohādretaḥ siñcati mūḍhadhīḥ | tadretasā samutpannaḥ ṣaḍaṅgavidapi dvijaḥ | sādhubhiḥ sa bahiṣkāryaḥ śvāpāka iva pārthiva

A fool who in delusion pours his seed into a defiled womb: the child born of that seed, even if he is a Brahmin versed in the six Vedangas, is to be cast out by good men like a dog-cooker, O king.

Note on the text: Corrected पार्थिवा → पार्थिव (misprint in Wikisource; vocative singular; no critical-edition parallel). Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension); no matching line in Appendix I No. 4.

Verse 12 (14.99.12)

कर्मणा मनसा वाचा या भवेत्स्वैरचारिणी । सा कुलघ्नीति विज्ञेया तस्यां जातः श्वपाचकः ॥

karmaṇā manasā vācā yā bhavetsvairacāriṇī | sā kulaghnīti vijñeyā tasyāṃ jātaḥ śvapācakaḥ

A woman who is unchaste in deed, in mind and in word is to be known as a destroyer of her family; the one born of her is a dog-cooker.

Note on the text: Corrected कुलघ्रीति → कुलघ्नीति (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads kulaghnīti). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0469–0470.

Verse 13 (14.99.13)

दैवे पित्र्ये तथा दाने भोजने सहभाषणे । शयने सहसंबन्धे न योग्या दुष्टयोनिजाः ॥

daive pitrye tathā dāne bhojane sahabhāṣaṇe | śayane sahasaṃbandhe na yogyā duṣṭayonijāḥ

Those born of a defiled womb are unfit for offerings to the gods and the ancestors, for giving, for eating together, for conversation, for sharing a bed, and for ties of kinship.

Note on the text: Corrected दृष्ट → दुष्ट (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads duṣṭayonijāḥ). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0471–0472.

Verse 14 (14.99.14)

न तस्माद्दुष्टयोन्यां तु गर्भमुत्पादयेद्बुधः । मोहेन कुरुते यस्तु कुलं हन्ति त्रिपूरुषम् ॥

na tasmādduṣṭayonyāṃ tu garbhamutpādayedbudhaḥ | mohena kurute yastu kulaṃ hanti tripūruṣam

Therefore a wise man should not beget a child on a defiled womb. He who does so in delusion destroys his family for three generations.

Verse 15 (14.99.15)

कानीनश्च सहोढश्च तथोभौ कुण्डगोलकौ । आरूढपतिताज्जातः पतितस्यापि यः सुतः । षडेते विप्रचण्डाला निकृष्टाः श्वपचादपि ॥

kānīnaśca sahoḍhaśca tathobhau kuṇḍagolakau | ārūḍhapatitājjātaḥ patitasyāpi yaḥ sutaḥ | ṣaḍete vipracaṇḍālā nikṛṣṭāḥ śvapacādapi

The Kanina and the Sahodha, and likewise the pair Kunda and Golaka, one born of a man who has fallen after climbing to a higher state, and the son of an outcast: these six are Chandalas among Brahmins, lower even than a dog-cooker.

Note on the text: Corrected कानीकनश्च → कानीनश्च (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads kānīnaś ca). Corrected सहोञश्च → सहोढश्च (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads sahoḍhaś ca). Corrected कुण्डगोलकै → कुण्डगोलकौ (misprint in Wikisource; dual; the critical edition reads kuṇḍagolakau). Corrected परितस्यापि → पतितस्यापि (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads patitasyāpi). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0475–0477.

Verse 16 (14.99.16)

यो यत्र तत्र वा रेतः सिक्त्वा शूद्रासु वा चरेत् । कामचारी स पापात्मा बीजं तस्याशुभं भवेत् ॥

yo yatra tatra vā retaḥ siktvā śūdrāsu vā caret | kāmacārī sa pāpātmā bījaṃ tasyāśubhaṃ bhavet

He who sprinkles his seed here and there, or goes about at will with Shudra women, is a sinful man, and his seed becomes inauspicious.

Verse 17 (14.99.17)

अशुद्धं तद्भवेद्बीजं शुद्धां योनिं न चार्हति । दूषयत्यपि तां योनिं शुना लीढं हविर्यथा ॥

aśuddhaṃ tadbhavedbījaṃ śuddhāṃ yoniṃ na cārhati | dūṣayatyapi tāṃ yoniṃ śunā līḍhaṃ haviryathā

That seed becomes impure and is not fit for a pure womb; it defiles that womb, as an offering licked by a dog is defiled.

Note on the text: Corrected योनि न → योनिं न (misprint in Wikisource; missing anusvara; the critical edition reads yoniṃ). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0480–0481.

Verse 18 (14.99.18)

शूद्रयोनौ पतेद्बीजं हाहाशब्दं द्विजन्मनः । कुर्यात्पुरीषगर्तेषु पतितोऽस्मीति दुःखितः ॥

śūdrayonau patedbījaṃ hāhāśabdaṃ dvijanmanaḥ | kuryātpurīṣagarteṣu patito'smīti duḥkhitaḥ

When the seed of a twice-born man falls into a Shudra womb, it cries out 'Alas!' in distress: 'I have fallen into pits of filth!'

Verse 19 (14.99.19)

मामधःपातयन्नेष पापात्मा काममोहितः । अधोगतिं व्रजेत्क्षिप्रमिति शप्त्वा पतेत्तु तत् ॥

māmadhaḥpātayanneṣa pāpātmā kāmamohitaḥ | adhogatiṃ vrajetkṣipramiti śaptvā patettu tat

'This sinner, blinded by desire, is casting me down; may he quickly go to a lower state!' Cursing thus, it falls.

Note on the text: Corrected प्रजोत्क्षिप्रमिति → व्रजेत्क्षिप्रमिति (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads vrajet kṣipram). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0484–0485.

Verse 20 (14.99.20)

आत्मा हि शुक्लमुद्दिष्टं दैवतं परमं महत् । तस्मात्सर्वप्रयत्नेन निरुन्ध्याच्छुक्लमात्मनः ॥

ātmā hi śuklamuddiṣṭaṃ daivataṃ paramaṃ mahat | tasmātsarvaprayatnena nirundhyācchuklamātmanaḥ

For the seed is declared to be one's own self, the great and supreme deity. Therefore a man should, with all effort, hold back his seed.

Verse 21 (14.99.21)

आयुस्तेजो बलं वीर्यं प्रज्ञा श्रीश्च महद्यशः । पुण्यं च मत्प्रियत्वं च लभते ब्रह्मचर्यया ॥

āyustejo balaṃ vīryaṃ prajñā śrīśca mahadyaśaḥ | puṇyaṃ ca matpriyatvaṃ ca labhate brahmacaryayā

Through celibacy a man gains long life, radiance, strength, vigour, wisdom, prosperity, great fame, merit, and dearness to me.

Verse 22 (14.99.22)

अविप्लुतब्रह्मचर्यैर्गृहस्थाश्रममाश्रितैः । पञ्चयज्ञपरैर्धर्मः स्थाप्यते पृथिवीतले ॥

aviplutabrahmacaryairgṛhasthāśramamāśritaiḥ | pañcayajñaparairdharmaḥ sthāpyate pṛthivītale

By those who have kept their celibacy unbroken, who have entered the householder's stage of life and are devoted to the five sacrifices, dharma is established on the surface of the earth.

Note on the text: Corrected गृहस्थश्रम → गृहस्थाश्रम (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads gṛhasthāśramam). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0490–0491.

Verse 23 (14.99.23)

सायंप्रातस्तु ये सन्ध्यां सम्यङ्नित्यमुपासते । नावं वेदमयीं कृत्वा तरन्ते तारयन्ति च ॥

sāyaṃprātastu ye sandhyāṃ samyaṅnityamupāsate | nāvaṃ vedamayīṃ kṛtvā tarante tārayanti ca

Those who, evening and morning, properly and always attend the twilight make a boat of the Veda, and cross over and carry others across.

Verse 24 (14.99.24)

यो जपेत्पावनीं देवीं गायत्रीं वेदमातरम् । न सीदेत्प्रतिगृह्णानः पृथिवीं च ससागराम् ॥

yo japetpāvanīṃ devīṃ gāyatrīṃ vedamātaram | na sīdetpratigṛhṇānaḥ pṛthivīṃ ca sasāgarām

One who recites the purifying goddess Gayatri, mother of the Vedas, does not sink even while accepting gifts, though it be the whole earth with its oceans.

Verse 25 (14.99.25)

ये चास्य दुःस्थिताः केचिद्ग्रहाः सूर्यादयो दिवि । ते चास्य सौम्या जायन्ते शिवाः शुभकरास्तथा ॥

ye cāsya duḥsthitāḥ kecidgrahāḥ sūryādayo divi | te cāsya saumyā jāyante śivāḥ śubhakarāstathā

Whatever planets, the sun and the rest, stand ill-placed for him in the sky become gentle to him, benign and bringers of good.

Verse 26 (14.99.26)

यत्र यत्र स्थिताश्चैव दारुणाः पिशिताशनाः । घोररूपा महाकाया धर्षयन्ति न तं द्विजम् ॥

yatra yatra sthitāścaiva dāruṇāḥ piśitāśanāḥ | ghorarūpā mahākāyā dharṣayanti na taṃ dvijam

Wherever they stand, the dreadful flesh-eaters, of terrible form and huge bodies, cannot assail that twice-born man.

Verse 27 (14.99.27)

पुनन्तीह पृथिव्यां च चीर्णवेदव्रता नराः । चतुर्णामपि वेदानां सा हि राजन्गरीयसी ॥

punantīha pṛthivyāṃ ca cīrṇavedavratā narāḥ | caturṇāmapi vedānāṃ sā hi rājangarīyasī

Men who have fulfilled the Vedic vows purify the earth here; for she, O king, is weightier even than the four Vedas.

Verse 28 (14.99.28)

अचीर्णव्रतवेदा ये विकर्मफलमाश्रिताः । ब्राह्मणा नाममात्रेण तेऽपि पूज्या युधिष्ठिर । किं पुनर्यस्तु सन्ध्ये द्वे नित्यमेवोपतिष्ठते ॥

acīrṇavratavedā ye vikarmaphalamāśritāḥ | brāhmaṇā nāmamātreṇa te'pi pūjyā yudhiṣṭhira | kiṃ punaryastu sandhye dve nityamevopatiṣṭhate

Even those who have not fulfilled the Vedic vows and live on the fruit of wrongful acts are to be honoured as Brahmins by name alone, Yudhishthira; how much more the one who attends both twilights every day.

Note on the text: Corrected अचीर्णिव्रत → अचीर्णव्रत (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads acīrṇavrata). Corrected ब्राह्ममा → ब्राह्मणा (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads brāhmaṇā). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0502–0504. Wikisource reads विकर्मफलमाश्रिताः (CE: vikarmapatham āśritāḥ); kept as a recension reading.

Verse 29 (14.99.29)

शीलमध्ययनं दानं शौचं मार्दवमार्जवम् । तस्माद्वेदाद्विशिष्टानि मनुराह प्रजापतिः ॥

śīlamadhyayanaṃ dānaṃ śaucaṃ mārdavamārjavam | tasmādvedādviśiṣṭāni manurāha prajāpatiḥ

Good conduct, study, giving, purity, gentleness and uprightness: these, Manu the Prajapati said, are better than the Veda.

Verse 30 (14.99.30)

भूर्भुवस्स्वरिति ब्रह्म यो वेदनिरतो द्विजः । स्वदारनिरतो दान्तः स विद्वान्स च भूसुरः ॥

bhūrbhuvassvariti brahma yo vedanirato dvijaḥ | svadāranirato dāntaḥ sa vidvānsa ca bhūsuraḥ

The twice-born who is devoted to the Veda, who knows Brahman as 'Bhur Bhuvah Svah', content with his own wife and self-controlled: he is a learned man, he is a god on earth.

Note on the text: Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0507–0508. Wikisource reads यो वेदनिरतो द्विजः (CE: yo vedaparamaṃ dvijaḥ); kept as a recension reading.

Verse 31 (14.99.31)

सन्ध्यामुपासते ये वै नित्यमेव द्विजोत्तमाः । ते यान्ति नरशार्दूल ब्रह्मलोकं न संशयः ॥

sandhyāmupāsate ye vai nityameva dvijottamāḥ | te yānti naraśārdūla brahmalokaṃ na saṃśayaḥ

Those best of the twice-born who attend the twilight every day go to the world of Brahma, O tiger among men; there is no doubt of it.

Verse 32 (14.99.32)

सावित्रीमात्रसारोपि वरो विप्रः सुयन्त्रितः । नायन्त्रितश्चतुर्वेदी सर्वाशी सर्वविक्रयी ॥

sāvitrīmātrasāropi varo vipraḥ suyantritaḥ | nāyantritaścaturvedī sarvāśī sarvavikrayī

A Brahmin whose only substance is the Savitri, if well restrained, is better than one who knows the four Vedas but is unrestrained and eats everything and sells everything.

Verse 33 (14.99.33)

सावित्रीं चैव वेदांश्च तुलयाऽतोलयन्पुरा । सदेवर्षिगणाश्चैव सर्वे ब्रह्मपुरस्सराः । चतुर्णामपि वेदानां सा हि राजन्गरीयसी ॥

sāvitrīṃ caiva vedāṃśca tulayā'tolayanpurā | sadevarṣigaṇāścaiva sarve brahmapurassarāḥ | caturṇāmapi vedānāṃ sā hi rājangarīyasī

Long ago the gods and the sage-hosts, all with Brahma at their head, weighed the Savitri and the Vedas on a balance; and she, O king, proved weightier than the four Vedas.

Verse 34 (14.99.34)

यथा विकसिते पुष्पे मधु गृह्णन्ति षट्पदाः । एवं गृहीता सावित्री सर्ववेदे च पाण्डव ॥

yathā vikasite puṣpe madhu gṛhṇanti ṣaṭpadāḥ | evaṃ gṛhītā sāvitrī sarvavede ca pāṇḍava

As bees take honey from a flower in full bloom, so, O Pandava, is the Savitri taken from all the Veda.

Note on the text: Corrected पाण्डवः → पाण्डव (misprint in Wikisource; vocative; the critical edition reads pāṇḍava). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0516, 0518; CE has one more line, @004_0517 (samutsṛjya rasaṃ sarvaṃ nirarthakam asāravat), after the first line, which is not on the page.

Verse 35 (14.99.35)

तस्मात्तु सर्ववेदानां सावित्री प्राण उच्यते । निर्जीवा हीतरे वेदा विना सावित्रिया नृप ॥

tasmāttu sarvavedānāṃ sāvitrī prāṇa ucyate | nirjīvā hītare vedā vinā sāvitriyā nṛpa

Therefore the Savitri is called the life-breath of all the Vedas; without the Savitri, O king, the other Vedas are lifeless.

Note on the text: Corrected नृपः → नृप (misprint in Wikisource; vocative; the critical edition reads nṛpa). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0519–0520.

Verse 36 (14.99.36)

नायन्त्रितश्चतुर्वेदी शीलभ्रष्टः स कुत्सितः । शीलवृत्तसमायुक्तः सावित्रीपाठको वरः ॥

nāyantritaścaturvedī śīlabhraṣṭaḥ sa kutsitaḥ | śīlavṛttasamāyuktaḥ sāvitrīpāṭhako varaḥ

One who knows the four Vedas but is unrestrained and fallen from good conduct is contemptible; one who recites the Savitri and is endowed with good conduct and behaviour is better.

Verse 37 (14.99.37)

सहस्रपरमां देवीं शतमध्यां दशावराम् । सावित्रीं जप कौन्तेय सर्वपापप्रणाशिनीम् ॥

sahasraparamāṃ devīṃ śatamadhyāṃ daśāvarām | sāvitrīṃ japa kaunteya sarvapāpapraṇāśinīm

Recite the Savitri, O son of Kunti, the goddess who destroys all sins: a thousand times at the most, a hundred in the middle, ten at the least.

Note on the text: Corrected कौतेय → कौन्तेय (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads kaunteya). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0523–0524.

युधिष्ठिर उवाच · Yudhishthira said

Verse 38 (14.99.38)

त्रैलोक्यनाथ हे कृष्ण सर्वभूतात्मको ह्यसि । नानायोगपर श्रेष्ठ तुष्यसे केन कर्मणा ॥

trailokyanātha he kṛṣṇa sarvabhūtātmako hyasi | nānāyogapara śreṣṭha tuṣyase kena karmaṇā

O Lord of the three worlds, Krishna, you are the Self of all beings. O best of those who practise the many kinds of yoga, by what action are you pleased?

Note on the text: Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0525–0526. Speaker: Yudhishthira, headed युधिष्ठिर उवाच on the page.

भगवानुवाच · Krishna (the Blessed Lord) said

Verse 39 (14.99.39)

यदि भारसहस्रं तु गुग्गुल्वादि प्रधूपयेत् । करोति चेन्नमस्कारमुपहारं च कारयेत् ॥

yadi bhārasahasraṃ tu guggulvādi pradhūpayet | karoti cennamaskāramupahāraṃ ca kārayet

Suppose a man were to burn guggul and other incense by the thousand loads, were to make his salutations and have offerings presented,

Note on the text: Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0527–0528. Speaker: Krishna; the page prints the heading as भागवानुवाच (misprint for भगवानुवाच).

Verse 40 (14.99.40)

स्तौति यः स्तुतिभिर्मां च ऋग्यजुस्सामभिः सदा । न तोषयति चेद्विप्रान्नाहं तुष्यामि भारत ॥

stauti yaḥ stutibhirmāṃ ca ṛgyajussāmabhiḥ sadā | na toṣayati cedviprānnāhaṃ tuṣyāmi bhārata

and were always to praise me with hymns of the Rig, Yajur and Sama Vedas; if he does not please the Brahmins, I am not pleased, O Bharata.

Note on the text: Corrected चेद्धिप्रान् → चेद्विप्रान् (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads ced viprān). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0529–0530.

Verse 41 (14.99.41)

ब्राह्मणे पूजिते नित्यं पूजितोस्मि न संशयः । आक्रुष्टे चाहमाक्रुष्टो भवामि भरतर्षभ ॥

brāhmaṇe pūjite nityaṃ pūjitosmi na saṃśayaḥ | ākruṣṭe cāhamākruṣṭo bhavāmi bharatarṣabha

When a Brahmin is honoured, I am always honoured, without doubt; when he is reviled, I am reviled, O best of the Bharatas.

Verse 42 (14.99.42)

परा मयि गतिस्तेषां पूजयन्ति द्विजं हि ये । यदहं द्विजरूपेण वसामि वसुधातले ॥

parā mayi gatisteṣāṃ pūjayanti dvijaṃ hi ye | yadahaṃ dvijarūpeṇa vasāmi vasudhātale

For those who honour a twice-born man, I am their supreme goal, since I dwell on the surface of the earth in the form of a twice-born man.

Note on the text: Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0533–0534. The second half differs from CE (pūjayanti ca māṃ hi te); kept as a recension reading.

Verse 43 (14.99.43)

यस्तान्पूजयति प्राज्ञो मद्गतेनान्तरात्मना । तमहं स्वेन रूपेण पश्यामि नरपुङ्गव ॥

yastānpūjayati prājño madgatenāntarātmanā | tamahaṃ svena rūpeṇa paśyāmi narapuṅgava

The wise man who honours them with his inner self fixed on me: him I see in my own form, O best of men.

Verse 44 (14.99.44)

कुब्जाः काणा वामनाश्च दरिद्रा व्याधितास्तथा । नावमान्या द्विजाः प्राज्ञैर्मम रूपा हि ते द्विजाः ॥

kubjāḥ kāṇā vāmanāśca daridrā vyādhitāstathā | nāvamānyā dvijāḥ prājñairmama rūpā hi te dvijāḥ

The hunchbacked, the one-eyed, the dwarfish, the poor and the sick: twice-born men are not to be despised by the wise, for those Brahmins are my form.

Verse 45 (14.99.45)

ये केचित्सागरान्तायां पृथिव्यां द्विजसत्तमाः । मम रूपं हि तेष्वेवमर्चितेष्वर्चितोऽस्म्यहम् ॥

ye kecitsāgarāntāyāṃ pṛthivyāṃ dvijasattamāḥ | mama rūpaṃ hi teṣvevamarciteṣvarcito'smyaham

Whatever excellent Brahmins there are on the earth bounded by the ocean, my form is in them; when they are honoured, I am honoured.

Verse 46 (14.99.46)

बहवस्तु न जानन्ति नरा ज्ञानबहिष्कृताः । यदहं द्विजरूपेण वसामि वसुधातले ॥

bahavastu na jānanti narā jñānabahiṣkṛtāḥ | yadahaṃ dvijarūpeṇa vasāmi vasudhātale

Many men, shut out from knowledge, do not know that I dwell on the surface of the earth in the form of a twice-born man.

Verse 47 (14.99.47)

अवमन्यन्ति ये विप्रान्स्वधर्मात्पातयन्ति ते । प्रेषणैः प्रेषयन्ते च शुश्रूषां कारयन्ति च ॥

avamanyanti ye viprānsvadharmātpātayanti te | preṣaṇaiḥ preṣayante ca śuśrūṣāṃ kārayanti ca

Those who despise Brahmins make them fall from their own duty; they send them on errands and make them do service.

Note on the text: Corrected स्वधर्मान् → स्वधर्मात् (misprint in Wikisource; ablative required by the sense; the critical edition reads svadharmāt). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0543–0544.

Verse 48 (14.99.48)

मृतांश्चात्र परत्रेमान्यमदूता महाबलाः । निकृन्तन्ति यथाकामं सूत्रमार्गेण शिल्पिनः ॥

mṛtāṃścātra paratremānyamadūtā mahābalāḥ | nikṛntanti yathākāmaṃ sūtramārgeṇa śilpinaḥ

After death, in the other world, the mighty messengers of Yama cut these men to pieces at will, as craftsmen cut along the marking-thread.

Verse 49 (14.99.49)

आक्रोशपरिवादाभ्यां ये रमन्ते द्विजातिषु । तान्मृतान्यमलोकस्थान्निपात्य पृथिवीतले ॥

ākrośaparivādābhyāṃ ye ramante dvijātiṣu | tānmṛtānyamalokasthānnipātya pṛthivītale

Those who delight in abusing and slandering the twice-born: when they have died and are in Yama's realm, he throws them down upon the ground;

Verse 50 (14.99.50)

आक्रम्योरसि पादेन क्रूरः संरक्तलोचनः । अग्निवर्णैस्तु संदंशैर्यमो जिह्वां समुद्धरेत् ॥

ākramyorasi pādena krūraḥ saṃraktalocanaḥ | agnivarṇaistu saṃdaṃśairyamo jihvāṃ samuddharet

and cruel, red-eyed Yama, setting his foot upon their chests, pulls out their tongues with tongs glowing like fire.

Verse 51 (14.99.51)

ये च विप्रान्निरीक्षन्ते पापाः पापेन चक्षुषा । अब्रह्मण्याः श्रुतेर्बाह्या नित्यं ब्रह्मद्विषो नराः ॥

ye ca viprānnirīkṣante pāpāḥ pāpena cakṣuṣā | abrahmaṇyāḥ śruterbāhyā nityaṃ brahmadviṣo narāḥ

Those sinful men who look upon Brahmins with an evil eye, irreverent to Brahmins, outside the Veda, ever haters of Brahmins,

Verse 52 (14.99.52)

तेषां घोरा महाकाया वक्रतुण्डा महाबलाः । उद्धरन्ति मुहूर्तेन खगाश्चक्षुर्यमाज्ञया ॥

teṣāṃ ghorā mahākāyā vakratuṇḍā mahābalāḥ | uddharanti muhūrtena khagāścakṣuryamājñayā

dreadful, huge-bodied, crooked-beaked, mighty birds pluck out their eyes in a moment, at Yama's command.

Note on the text: Corrected स्वगा → खगा (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads khagāḥ (birds)). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0553–0554.

Verse 53 (14.99.53)

यः प्रहारं द्विजेन्द्राय दद्यात्कुर्याच्च शोणितम् । अस्थिभङ्गं च यः कुर्यात्प्राणैर्वा विप्रयोजयेत् । सोनुपूर्व्येण यातीमान्नरकानेकविंशतिम् ॥

yaḥ prahāraṃ dvijendrāya dadyātkuryācca śoṇitam | asthibhaṅgaṃ ca yaḥ kuryātprāṇairvā viprayojayet | sonupūrvyeṇa yātīmānnarakānekaviṃśatim

He who strikes the best of the twice-born, or draws his blood, or breaks his bones, or parts him from his life, goes in due order through the twenty-one hells.

Verse 54 (14.99.54)

शूलमारोप्यते पश्चाज्ज्वलने परिपच्यते । बहुवर्षसहस्राणि पच्यमानस्त्ववाक्छिराः । नावमुच्येत दुर्मेधा न तस्य क्षीयते गतिः ॥

śūlamāropyate paścājjvalane paripacyate | bahuvarṣasahasrāṇi pacyamānastvavākchirāḥ | nāvamucyeta durmedhā na tasya kṣīyate gatiḥ

He is set upon a stake and afterwards roasted in a blaze; for many thousands of years he is roasted head downward, and the fool is not released, nor does his fate run out.

Note on the text: Corrected दुर्मेदा → दुर्मेधा (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads durmedhā). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0558–0560. Wikisource reads शूलमारोप्यते पश्चात् (CE: śūlam āropito gatvā); kept as a recension reading.

Verse 55 (14.99.55)

ब्राह्मणान्वा विचार्यैव व्रजन्वै वधकाङ्क्षया । शतवर्षसहस्राणि तामिस्रे परिपच्यते ॥

brāhmaṇānvā vicāryaiva vrajanvai vadhakāṅkṣayā | śatavarṣasahasrāṇi tāmisre paripacyate

One who sets out with the wish to kill Brahmins, having made up his mind to it, is roasted for a hundred thousand years in Tamisra.

Note on the text: Corrected व्रजन्तै → व्रजन्वै (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads vrajan vai). Corrected शतर्वष → शतवर्ष (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads śatavarṣa). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0561–0562. Wikisource reads ब्राह्मणान्वा विचार्यैव (CE: brāhmaṇāyāvicāryaivaṃ); kept as a recension reading.

Verse 56 (14.99.56)

उत्पाद्य शोणितं गात्रात्संरंभमतिपूर्वकम् । स पर्यायेण यातीमान्नरकानेकविंशतिम् ॥

utpādya śoṇitaṃ gātrātsaṃraṃbhamatipūrvakam | sa paryāyeṇa yātīmānnarakānekaviṃśatim

One who deliberately draws blood from a Brahmin's body in a fit of rage goes in turn through these twenty-one hells.

Note on the text: Corrected सपर्ययेण → स पर्यायेण (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads sa paryāyeṇa). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0563–0564.

Verse 57 (14.99.57)

तस्मान्नाकुशलं ब्रूयान्न शुष्कां गिरमीरयेत् । न ब्रूयात्परुषां वाणीं न चैवैनानतिक्रमेत् ॥

tasmānnākuśalaṃ brūyānna śuṣkāṃ giramīrayet | na brūyātparuṣāṃ vāṇīṃ na caivainānatikramet

Therefore one should not speak ill, should not utter a harsh word, should not use rough speech, and should never transgress against them.

Note on the text: Corrected गतिमीरयेत् → गिरमीरयेत् (misprint in Wikisource; the critical edition reads giram īrayet). Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0565–0566.

Verse 58 (14.99.58)

ये विप्राञ्श्लक्ष्णया वाचा पूजयन्ति नरोत्तमाः । अर्चितश्च स्तुतश्चैव तैर्भवामि न संशयः ॥

ye viprāñślakṣṇayā vācā pūjayanti narottamāḥ | arcitaśca stutaścaiva tairbhavāmi na saṃśayaḥ

Those best of men who honour Brahmins with gentle speech: by them I am honoured and praised, without doubt.

Note on the text: Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0567–0568. Wikisource reads श्लक्ष्णया (CE: śraddhayā); kept as a recension reading.

Verse 59 (14.99.59)

तर्जयन्ति च ये विप्रान्क्रोशयन्ति च भारत । आक्रुष्टस्तर्जितश्चाहं तैर्भवामि न संशयः ॥

tarjayanti ca ye viprānkrośayanti ca bhārata | ākruṣṭastarjitaścāhaṃ tairbhavāmi na saṃśayaḥ

And those who threaten Brahmins and shout at them, O Bharata: by them I am reviled and threatened, without doubt.

Verse 60 (14.99.60)

यश्चन्दनैश्चागरुधूपदीपै- । रभ्यर्चयेत्काष्ठमयीं ममार्चाम् । तेनार्चितो नैव भवामि सम्य- । ग्विप्रार्चनादस्मि समर्चितोऽहम् ॥

yaścandanaiścāgarudhūpadīpai- | rabhyarcayetkāṣṭhamayīṃ mamārcām | tenārcito naiva bhavāmi samya- | gviprārcanādasmi samarcito'ham

One who might worship my image made of wood with sandal-paste, aloe incense and lamps: I am not properly worshipped by that; I am truly worshipped through the honouring of Brahmins.

Verse 61 (14.99.61)

विप्रप्रसादाद्धरणीधरोऽहं । विप्रप्रसादादसुराञ्जयामि । विप्रप्रसादाच्च सदक्षिणोऽहं । विप्रप्रसादादजितोऽहमस्मि ॥

vipraprasādāddharaṇīdharo'haṃ | vipraprasādādasurāñjayāmi | vipraprasādācca sadakṣiṇo'haṃ | vipraprasādādajito'hamasmi

By the favour of Brahmins I am the bearer of the earth; by the favour of Brahmins I conquer the asuras; by the favour of Brahmins I am endowed with sacrificial gifts; by the favour of Brahmins I am unconquered.

Note on the text: Not a numbered verse of the critical edition proper: this adhyaya is part of Appendix I No. 4 (the Vaishnavadharma passage inserted after 14.96.15), printed inline at 14,096.015d@004_0575–0578. Last verse of the adhyaya; the colophon follows on the page (वैष्णवधर्मपर्वणि एकोनशततमोऽध्यायः).

Adhyaya 98 All adhyayas Adhyaya 100