Duryodhana Marshals Eleven Armies

Verse 1 (5.155.1)

व्युष्टायां वै रजन्यां हि राजा दुर्योधनस्ततः । व्यभजत्तान्यनीकानि दश चैकं च भारत ॥

vyuṣṭāyāṃ vai rajanyāṃ hi rājā duryodhanastataḥ | vyabhajattānyanīkāni daśa caikaṃ ca bhārata

When the night had passed, King Duryodhana divided his forces into eleven divisions, O Bharata.

Note on the text: Corrected अनिकानि → अनीकानि (misprint in Wikisource; short i for long ī, as in the critical edition's anīkāni).

Verse 2 (5.155.2)

नरहस्तिरथाश्वानां सारं मध्यं च फल्गु च । सर्वेष्वेतेष्वनीकेषु सन्दिदेश नराधिपः ॥

narahastirathāśvānāṃ sāraṃ madhyaṃ ca phalgu ca | sarveṣveteṣvanīkeṣu sandideśa narādhipaḥ

He ranked the men, elephants, chariots and horses into the best, the middling and the weaker, for the front, centre and rear, and the king gave his orders to all these divisions.

Verse 3 (5.155.3)

सानुकर्षाः सतूणीराः सवरूथाः सतोमराः । सोपासङ्गाः सशक्तीकाः सनिषङ्गाः सहर्ष्टयः ॥

sānukarṣāḥ satūṇīrāḥ savarūthāḥ satomarāḥ | sopāsaṅgāḥ saśaktīkāḥ saniṣaṅgāḥ saharṣṭayaḥ

They were furnished with spare under-timbers for the chariots, with quivers, chariot-guards and lances, with quivers for horse and elephant, with javelins, with foot-soldiers' quivers and with double-edged swords;

Verse 4 (5.155.4)

सध्वजाः सपताकाश्च सशरासनतोमराः । रज्जुभिश्च विचित्राभिः सपाशाः सपरिच्छदाः ॥

sadhvajāḥ sapatākāśca saśarāsanatomarāḥ | rajjubhiśca vicitrābhiḥ sapāśāḥ saparicchadāḥ

with flags and banners, with bows and lances, with ropes of many kinds, with nooses and with coverings;

Verse 5 (5.155.5)

सकचग्रहविक्षेपाः सतैलगुडवालुकाः । साशीविषघटाः सर्वे ससर्जरसपांसवः ॥

sakacagrahavikṣepāḥ satailaguḍavālukāḥ | sāśīviṣaghaṭāḥ sarve sasarjarasapāṃsavaḥ

with devices for seizing foes by the hair and hurling them, with oil, treacle and sand; all of them with jars of venomous snakes, with resin and with dust;

Verse 6 (5.155.6)

सघण्टफलकाः सर्वे सायोगुडजलोपलाः । सशालभिन्दिपालाश्च समधूच्छिष्टमुद्गराः ॥

saghaṇṭaphalakāḥ sarve sāyoguḍajalopalāḥ | saśālabhindipālāśca samadhūcchiṣṭamudgarāḥ

all of them with bell-hung blades, with iron weapons, boiling treacle-water and stones for hurling; with whirring slings, with wax to be poured molten, and with clubs;

Note on the text: Only the first quarter (सघण्टफलकाः सर्वे) is in the critical edition's text (5.152.6a); the rest of the verse is found there only in the apparatus, as star passage 5.152.6a*0543, lines 1–2 (vulgate recension). Stray ।। after the first line on the page dropped.

Verse 7 (5.155.7)

सकाण्डदण्डकाः सर्वे ससीरविषतोमराः । सशूर्पपिटकाः सर्वे सदात्राङ्कुशतोमराः ॥

sakāṇḍadaṇḍakāḥ sarve sasīraviṣatomarāḥ | saśūrpapiṭakāḥ sarve sadātrāṅkuśatomarāḥ

all of them with arrow-shafts and staves, with ploughshares and poisoned lances; all with winnowing baskets and chests, with sickles and barbed lances;

Note on the text: Not in the critical edition (found in the vulgate recension); recorded in its apparatus as star passage 5.152.6a*0543, lines 3–4.

Verse 8 (5.155.8)

सकीलकवचाः सर्वे वाशीवृक्षादनान्विताः । व्याघ्रचर्मपरीवारा द्वीपिचर्मावृताश्च ते ॥

sakīlakavacāḥ sarve vāśīvṛkṣādanānvitāḥ | vyāghracarmaparīvārā dvīpicarmāvṛtāśca te

all of them with studded armour, with adzes and spiked iron gear; the chariots were draped in tiger skins and covered with leopard skins;

Note on the text: The first quarter corresponds to the last line of star passage 5.152.6a*0543 (sakīlakrakacāḥ sarve; Wikisource reads सकीलकवचाः); the rest is the critical edition's 5.152.6b–d.

Verse 9 (5.155.9)

सहर्ष्टयः सशृङ्गाश्च सप्रासविविधायुधाः । सकुठाराः सकुद्दालाः सतैलक्षौमसर्पिषः ॥

saharṣṭayaḥ saśṛṅgāśca saprāsavividhāyudhāḥ | sakuṭhārāḥ sakuddālāḥ satailakṣaumasarpiṣaḥ

with double-edged swords and horns, with barbed darts and weapons of many kinds, with axes and spades, with oil-soaked linen and ghee.

Note on the text: Corrected सश्रृङ्गाश्च → सशृङ्गाश्च (misprint in Wikisource; श्रृ for शृ, as in the critical edition's saśṛṅgāś).

Verse 10 (5.155.10)

रुक्मजालप्रतिच्छन्ना नानामणिविभूषिताः । चित्रानीकाः सुवपुषो ज्वलिता इव पावकाः ॥

rukmajālapraticchannā nānāmaṇivibhūṣitāḥ | citrānīkāḥ suvapuṣo jvalitā iva pāvakāḥ

Covered with nets of gold and adorned with many jewels, those many-coloured, handsome divisions blazed like fires.

Note on the text: The first line is not in the critical edition's text (found in the vulgate recension; recorded in its apparatus as 5.152.7d*0544); the second line is the critical edition's 5.152.8ab.

Verse 11 (5.155.11)

तथा कवचिनः शूराः शस्त्रेषु कृतनिश्चयाः । कुलीना हययोनिज्ञाः सारथ्ये विनिवेशिताः ॥

tathā kavacinaḥ śūrāḥ śastreṣu kṛtaniścayāḥ | kulīnā hayayonijñāḥ sārathye viniveśitāḥ

Brave armoured men, resolute in arms, high-born and versed in the breeding of horses, were likewise appointed to drive the chariots.

Note on the text: Divided differently in the critical edition: the first line is its 5.152.8cd, the second its 5.152.9ab.

Verse 12 (5.155.12)

बद्धारिष्टा बद्धकक्षा बद्धध्वजपताकिनः । बद्धाभरणनिर्यूहा बद्धचर्मासिपट्टिशाः ॥

baddhāriṣṭā baddhakakṣā baddhadhvajapatākinaḥ | baddhābharaṇaniryūhā baddhacarmāsipaṭṭiśāḥ

The chariots had charms against evil tied on, their girths fastened, their flags and banners bound on; their ornaments and turrets were fixed, and their shields, swords and pattishas secured.

Note on the text: The first line is the critical edition's 5.152.9cd; the second line is not in its text (found in the vulgate recension; recorded in its apparatus as 5.152.9d*0546).

Verse 13 (5.155.13)

चतुर्युजो रथाः सर्वे सर्वे चोत्तमवाजिनः । सप्रासऋष्टिकाः सर्वे सर्वे शतशरासनाः ॥

caturyujo rathāḥ sarve sarve cottamavājinaḥ | saprāsaṛṣṭikāḥ sarve sarve śataśarāsanāḥ

All the chariots were yoked with four, all had excellent horses; all carried barbed darts and double-edged swords, and each carried a hundred bows.

Note on the text: Only the first and last quarters agree with the critical edition's 5.152.10; the middle quarters are a different (vulgate) reading.

Verse 14 (5.155.14)

धुर्ययोर्हययोरेकस्तथान्यौ पार्ष्णिसारथी । तौ चापि रथिनां श्रेष्ठौ रथी च हयवित्तथा ॥

dhuryayorhayayorekastathānyau pārṣṇisārathī | tau cāpi rathināṃ śreṣṭhau rathī ca hayavittathā

One charioteer drove the two horses at the pole, and two more drove the outer horses as wheel-guards; these two were also among the best of chariot-fighters, and the warrior in the chariot was himself skilled with horses.

Note on the text: Corrected हकययोः → हययोः and पर्ष्णिसारथी → पार्ष्णिसारथी (misprints in Wikisource; a stray क and a dropped vowel sign, as in the critical edition's hayayor and pārṣṇisārathī).

Verse 15 (5.155.15)

नगराणीव गुप्तानि दुराधर्षाणि शत्रुभिः । आसन्रथसहस्राणि हेममालीनि सर्वशः ॥

nagarāṇīva guptāni durādharṣāṇi śatrubhiḥ | āsanrathasahasrāṇi hemamālīni sarvaśaḥ

Thousands of chariots stood there, hung with gold garlands on every side, guarded like cities and unassailable by enemies.

Verse 16 (5.155.16)

यथा रथास्तथा नागा बद्धकक्षाः स्वलङ्कृताः । बभूवुः सप्तपुरुषा रत्नवन्त इवाद्रयः ॥

yathā rathāstathā nāgā baddhakakṣāḥ svalaṅkṛtāḥ | babhūvuḥ saptapuruṣā ratnavanta ivādrayaḥ

As with the chariots, so with the elephants: girthed and finely adorned, each carried seven men, and they looked like mountains rich in gems.

Verse 17 (5.155.17)

द्वावङ्कुशधरौ तत्र द्वावुत्तमधनुर्धरौ । द्वौ वरासिधरौ राजन्नेकः शक्तिपिनाकधृत् ॥

dvāvaṅkuśadharau tatra dvāvuttamadhanurdharau | dvau varāsidharau rājannekaḥ śaktipinākadhṛt

On each, two bore goads, two the finest bows, two fine swords, O king, and one a javelin and a trident.

Verse 18 (5.155.18)

गजैर्मत्तैः समाकीर्णं सर्वमायुधकोशकैः । तद्बभूव बलं राजन्कौरव्यस्य महात्मनः ॥

gajairmattaiḥ samākīrṇaṃ sarvamāyudhakośakaiḥ | tadbabhūva balaṃ rājankauravyasya mahātmanaḥ

The host of the great-souled Kaurava, O king, was crowded with rutting elephants and with stores of weapons of every kind.

Verse 19 (5.155.19)

आमुक्तकवचैर्युक्तैः सपताकैः स्वलङ्कृतैः । सादिभिश्चोपपन्नास्तु तथा चायुतशो हयाः ॥

āmuktakavacairyuktaiḥ sapatākaiḥ svalaṅkṛtaiḥ | sādibhiścopapannāstu tathā cāyutaśo hayāḥ

There were horses too by tens of thousands, ridden by men in armour, well equipped, with banners and fine trappings.

Verse 20 (5.155.20)

असङ्ग्राहाः सुसंपन्ना हेमभाण्डपरिच्छदाः । अनेकशतसाहस्राः सर्वे सादिवशे स्थिताः ॥

asaṅgrāhāḥ susaṃpannā hemabhāṇḍaparicchadāḥ | anekaśatasāhasrāḥ sarve sādivaśe sthitāḥ

They did not rear, being well trained, and wore golden harness; many hundreds of thousands of them, all obedient to their riders.

Verse 21 (5.155.21)

नानारूपविकाराश्च नानाकवचशस्त्रिणः । पदातिनो नरास्तत्र बभूवुर्हेममालिनः ॥

nānārūpavikārāśca nānākavacaśastriṇaḥ | padātino narāstatra babhūvurhemamālinaḥ

The foot-soldiers there were of many forms and fashions, bearing many kinds of armour and weapons, and wearing golden garlands.

Verse 22 (5.155.22)

रथस्यासन्दश गजा गजस्य दश वाजिनः । नरा दश हयस्यासन्पादरक्षाः समन्ततः ॥

rathasyāsandaśa gajā gajasya daśa vājinaḥ | narā daśa hayasyāsanpādarakṣāḥ samantataḥ

To each chariot there were ten elephants, to each elephant ten horses, and to each horse ten men as foot-guards all around.

Verse 23 (5.155.23)

रथस्य नागाः पञ्चाशन्नागस्यासञ्शतं हयाः । हयस्य पुरुषाः सप्त भिन्नसन्धानकारिणः ॥

rathasya nāgāḥ pañcāśannāgasyāsañśataṃ hayāḥ | hayasya puruṣāḥ sapta bhinnasandhānakāriṇaḥ

(By another reckoning,) to each chariot there were fifty elephants, to each elephant a hundred horses, and to each horse seven men, who closed the breaks in the ranks.

Verse 24 (5.155.24)

सेना पञ्चशतं नागा रथास्तावन्त एव च । दशसेना च पृतना पृतना दश वाहिनी ॥

senā pañcaśataṃ nāgā rathāstāvanta eva ca | daśasenā ca pṛtanā pṛtanā daśa vāhinī

A sena is five hundred elephants and as many chariots; ten senas make a pritana, and ten pritanas a vahini.

Verse 25 (5.155.25)

सेना च वाहिनी चैव पृतना ध्वजिनी चमूः । अक्षौहिणीति पर्यायैर्निरुक्ता च वरूथिनी ॥

senā ca vāhinī caiva pṛtanā dhvajinī camūḥ | akṣauhiṇīti paryāyairniruktā ca varūthinī

Sena, vahini, pritana, dhvajini, chamu, akshauhini and varuthini are given as names for an army.

Note on the text: The critical edition's 5.152.22ab–cd, with the names in a different order (the critical edition also lists sādinī); the critical edition prints 5.152.22–23 as two three-line verses that Wikisource divides as verses 25–27.

Verse 26 (5.155.26)

एवं व्यूढान्यनीकानि कौरवेयेण धीमता । अक्षौहिण्यो दशैका च सङ्ख्याताः सप्त चैव ह ॥

evaṃ vyūḍhānyanīkāni kauraveyeṇa dhīmatā | akṣauhiṇyo daśaikā ca saṅkhyātāḥ sapta caiva ha

Thus the wise Kaurava arrayed his divisions. Eleven akshauhinis were counted on one side, and seven on the other.

Note on the text: Divided differently in the critical edition: the first line is its 5.152.22ef, the second its 5.152.23ab.

Verse 27 (5.155.27)

अक्षौहिण्यस्तु सप्तैव पाण्डवानामभूद्बलम् । अक्षौहिण्यो दशैका च कौरवाणामभूद्बलम् ॥

akṣauhiṇyastu saptaiva pāṇḍavānāmabhūdbalam | akṣauhiṇyo daśaikā ca kauravāṇāmabhūdbalam

The Pandavas' strength was seven akshauhinis only; the Kauravas' strength was eleven akshauhinis.

Note on the text: The critical edition's 5.152.23cd–ef.

Verse 28 (5.155.28)

नराणां पञ्चपञ्चाशदेषा पत्तिर्विधीयते । सेनामुखं च तिस्रस्ता गुल्म इत्यभिशब्दितम् ॥

narāṇāṃ pañcapañcāśadeṣā pattirvidhīyate | senāmukhaṃ ca tisrastā gulma ityabhiśabditam

Fifty-five men are reckoned a patti; three pattis make a senamukha, which is also called a gulma.

Verse 29 (5.155.29)

त्रयो गुल्मा गणस्त्वासीद्गणास्त्वयुतशोऽभवन् । दुर्योधनस्य सेनासु योत्स्यमानाः प्रहारिणः ॥

trayo gulmā gaṇastvāsīdgaṇāstvayutaśo'bhavan | duryodhanasya senāsu yotsyamānāḥ prahāriṇaḥ

Three gulmas made a gana; and in Duryodhana's armies there were ganas by the ten thousand, of fighting men eager to strike.

Verse 30 (5.155.30)

तत्र दुर्योधनो राजा शूरान्बुद्धिमतो नरान् । प्रसमीक्ष्य महाबाहुश्चक्रे सेनापतींस्तदा ॥

tatra duryodhano rājā śūrānbuddhimato narān | prasamīkṣya mahābāhuścakre senāpatīṃstadā

There the mighty-armed King Duryodhana, after carefully weighing brave and intelligent men, then appointed commanders.

Verse 31 (5.155.31)

पृथगक्षौहिणीनां च प्रणेतॄन्नरसत्तमान् । विधिवत्पूर्वमानीय पार्थिवानभ्यषेचयत् ॥

pṛthagakṣauhiṇīnāṃ ca praṇetṝnnarasattamān | vidhivatpūrvamānīya pārthivānabhyaṣecayat

He brought before him with due rites the best of men, kings all, as leaders of the separate akshauhinis, and consecrated them:

Verse 32 (5.155.32)

कृपं द्रोणं च शल्यं च सैन्धवं च जयद्रथम् । सुदक्षिणं च काम्भोजं कृतवर्माणमेव च ॥

kṛpaṃ droṇaṃ ca śalyaṃ ca saindhavaṃ ca jayadratham | sudakṣiṇaṃ ca kāmbhojaṃ kṛtavarmāṇameva ca

Kripa, Drona and Shalya, Jayadratha king of Sindhu, Sudakshina of Kamboja and Kritavarman;

Verse 33 (5.155.33)

द्रोणपुत्रं च कर्णं च भूरिश्रवसमेव च । शकुनिं सौबलं चैव बाह्लीकं च महाबलम् ॥

droṇaputraṃ ca karṇaṃ ca bhūriśravasameva ca | śakuniṃ saubalaṃ caiva bāhlīkaṃ ca mahābalam

Drona's son, Karna and Bhurishravas, Shakuni son of Subala, and mighty Bahlika.

Verse 34 (5.155.34)

दिवसे दिवसे तेषां प्रतिवेलं च भारत । चक्रे स विविधाः पूजाः प्रत्यक्षं च पुनः पुनः ॥

divase divase teṣāṃ prativelaṃ ca bhārata | cakre sa vividhāḥ pūjāḥ pratyakṣaṃ ca punaḥ punaḥ

Day after day and at every hour, O Bharata, he paid them honours of many kinds, again and again, in person.

Verse 35 (5.155.35)

तथा विनियताः सर्वे ये च तेषां पदानुगाः । बभूवुः सैनिका राज्ञां प्रियं राज्ञश्चिकीर्षवः ॥

tathā viniyatāḥ sarve ye ca teṣāṃ padānugāḥ | babhūvuḥ sainikā rājñāṃ priyaṃ rājñaścikīrṣavaḥ

So too all the soldiers of those kings, and those who followed them, were kept in good order and became eager to do what pleased the king.