Definitions of Medical Science (Vaidyaka Shastra Paribhasha)

Verse 1 (garuda.1.168.1)

श्रीगरुडमहापुराणम् १६८ निदानं समाप्तम् । धन्वन्तरिरुवाच । सर्वरोगहरं सिद्धं योगसारं वदाम्यहम् । शृणु सुश्रुतं संक्षेपात्प्राणिनां जीवहेतवे

śrīgaruḍamahāpurāṇam 168 nidānaṁ samāptam dhanvantariruvāca sarvarogaharaṁ siddhaṁ yogasāraṁ vadāmyaham śṛṇu suśrutaṁ saṁkṣepātprāṇināṁ jīvahetave

The section on diagnosis ends. Dhanvantari said: I shall now declare the proven essence of remedies, which cures all diseases; hear it, O Sushruta, in brief, for the sake of preserving the life of living beings.

Verse 2 (garuda.1.168.2)

कषायकटुतिक्ताम्लरूक्षाहारादिभोजनात् । चिन्ताव्यवयव्यायामभयशोकप्रजागरात्

kaṣāyakaṭutiktāmlarūkṣāhārādibhojanāt cintāvyavayavyāyāmabhayaśokaprajāgarāt

From eating astringent, pungent, bitter, sour, and dry food, from anxiety, sexual indulgence, exertion, fear, grief, and staying awake at night,

Verse 3 (garuda.1.168.3)

उच्चैर्भाषातिभाराच्च कर्मयोगातिकर्षणात् । वायुः कुप्यति पर्जन्ये जीर्णान्ने दिनसंक्षये

uccairbhāṣātibhārācca karmayogātikarṣaṇāt vāyuḥ kupyati parjanye jīrṇānne dinasaṁkṣaye

— and from speaking loudly, carrying heavy loads, over-exertion in work, and excessive strain, vata becomes provoked; it also becomes provoked in the rainy season, once food is digested, and at the close of day.

Verse 4 (garuda.1.168.4)

उष्णाम्ल लवणक्षारकटुकाजीर्णभोजनात् । तीक्ष्णातपाग्निसन्तापमद्यक्रोधनिषेवणात्

uṣṇāmla lavaṇakṣārakaṭukājīrṇabhojanāt tīkṣṇātapāgnisantāpamadyakrodhaniṣevaṇāt

From hot, sour, salty, alkaline, and pungent food, and from undigested food, from intense sunlight and the heat of fire, from drinking alcohol and indulging in anger,

Verse 5 (garuda.1.168.5)

विदाहकाले भुक्तस्य मध्याह्ने जलदात्यये । ग्रीष्मकालेर्ऽद्धरात्रेऽपि पित्तं कुप्यति देहिनः

vidāhakāle bhuktasya madhyāhne jaladātyaye grīṣmakāler'ddharātre'pi pittaṁ kupyati dehinaḥ

— at the time food is digesting, at midday, at the close of the rainy season, in summer, and even at midnight, pitta becomes provoked in embodied beings.

Verse 6 (garuda.1.168.6)

स्वाद्वम्ललवणस्निग्धगुरुशीतातिभोजनात् । नवान्नपिच्छिलानूपमांसादेः सेवनादपि

svādvamlalavaṇasnigdhaguruśītātibhojanāt navānnapicchilānūpamāṁsādeḥ sevanādapi

From eating sweet, sour, salty, unctuous, heavy, and excessively cold food, and also from eating freshly harvested grain, sticky substances, and the flesh of marsh-dwelling animals,

Verse 7 (garuda.1.168.7)

अव्यायाम दिवास्वप्नशय्यासनसुखादिभिः । कफप्रदोषो भुक्ते च वसन्ते च प्रकुप्यति

avyāyāma divāsvapnaśayyāsanasukhādibhiḥ kaphapradoṣo bhukte ca vasante ca prakupyati

— and from lack of exercise, sleeping by day, and excessive indulgence in the comfort of bed and seat, kapha becomes provoked after meals and in the spring season.

Verse 8 (garuda.1.168.8)

देहपारुष्यसंकोचतोदविष्टम्भकादयः । तथा च सुप्ता रोमहर्षस्तम्भनशोषणम्

dehapāruṣyasaṁkocatodaviṣṭambhakādayaḥ tathā ca suptā romaharṣastambhanaśoṣaṇam

Dryness, contraction, pricking pain, distension, and the like in the body, together with numbness, horripilation, stiffness, and wasting —

Verse 9 (garuda.1.168.9)

श्यामत्वमङ्गविश्लेषबलमायासवर्धनम् । वायोर्लिङ्गानि तैर्युक्तं रोगं वातात्मकं वदेत्

śyāmatvamaṅgaviśleṣabalamāyāsavardhanam vāyorliṅgāni tairyuktaṁ rogaṁ vātātmakaṁ vadet

— darkening, looseness of the limbs, and fatigue with reduced tolerance for exertion — these are the signs of vata; a disease marked by these should be called vataja.

Verse 10 (garuda.1.168.10)

दाहोष्मपादसंक्लेदकोपरागपरिश्रमाः । कट्वम्लशववैगन्ध्यस्वेदमूर्छातितृट्भ्रमाः

dāhoṣmapādasaṁkledakoparāgapariśramāḥ kaṭvamlaśavavaigandhyasvedamūrchātitṛṭbhramāḥ

Burning, heat, moistness of the feet, irritability, redness, and fatigue; a pungent-sour taste, a corpse-like odour, sweating, fainting, excessive thirst, and giddiness —

Verse 11 (garuda.1.168.11)

हारिद्रं हरितत्वञ्च पित्तलिङ्गान्वितैर्नरः । देहे स्निग्धत्वमाधुर्यचिरकारित्वबन्धनम्

hāridraṁ haritatvañca pittaliṅgānvitairnaraḥ dehe snigdhatvamādhuryacirakāritvabandhanam

— yellowness and greenishness: by these signs of pitta a man is recognized. Unctuousness of the body, sweetness, slowness in undertaking action, and a sense of binding —

Verse 12 (garuda.1.168.12)

स्तैमित्यतृप्तिसङ्घातशोथशतिलगौरवम् । कण्डूनिद्राभियोगश्च लक्षणं कफसम्भवम्

staimityatṛptisaṅghātaśothaśatilagauravam kaṇḍūnidrābhiyogaśca lakṣaṇaṁ kaphasambhavam

— heaviness of movement, a false sense of fullness, swelling, excessive heaviness, itching, and excessive sleep — these are the signs arising from kapha.

Verse 13 (garuda.1.168.13)

हेतुलक्षणसंसर्गाद्विद्याद्व्याधिं द्विदोषजम् । सर्वहेतुसमुत्पन्नं त्रिलिङ्गं सान्निपातिकम्

hetulakṣaṇasaṁsargādvidyādvyādhiṁ dvidoṣajam sarvahetusamutpannaṁ triliṅgaṁ sānnipātikam

By the combination of causes and signs, a disease arising from two doshas should be recognized; one arising from all the causes, bearing the signs of all three doshas, should be known as sannipatika (tridoshic).

Verse 14 (garuda.1.168.14)

दोषधातुमलाधारो देहिनां देह उच्यते । तेषां समत्वमारोग्यं क्षयवृद्धेर्विपर्ययः

doṣadhātumalādhāro dehināṁ deha ucyate teṣāṁ samatvamārogyaṁ kṣayavṛddherviparyayaḥ

The body of embodied beings is said to be the seat of the doshas, the tissues, and the waste products; their equilibrium is health, and their decrease or increase is its opposite — disease.

Verse 15 (garuda.1.168.15)

वसासृङ्मांसमेदोऽस्थिमज्जाशुक्राणि धातवः । वातपित्तकफा दोषा विण्मूत्राद्या मलाः स्मृताः

vasāsṛṅmāṁsamedo'sthimajjāśukrāṇi dhātavaḥ vātapittakaphā doṣā viṇmūtrādyā malāḥ smṛtāḥ

Fat, blood, flesh, adipose tissue, bone, marrow, and semen are the tissues (dhatus); vata, pitta, and kapha are called the doshas; stool, urine, and the like are called the waste products (malas).

Verse 16 (garuda.1.168.16)

वायुः शीतो लघुः सूक्ष्मः स्वरनाशीस्थिरो बली । पित्तमम्लकटूष्णञ्चापङ्क्ती रोगकारणम्

vāyuḥ śīto laghuḥ sūkṣmaḥ svaranāśīsthiro balī pittamamlakaṭūṣṇañcāpaṅktī rogakāraṇam

Vata is cold, light, subtle, destructive of the voice, fixed, and powerful; pitta is sour, pungent, and hot, and, when disturbed, becomes a cause of disease.

Verse 17 (garuda.1.168.17)

मधुरो लवणः स्निग्धो गुरुः श्लेषमातिपिच्छिलः । गुदश्रोण्याश्रयो वायुः पित्तं पक्वाशयस्थितम्

madhuro lavaṇaḥ snigdho guruḥ śleṣamātipicchilaḥ gudaśroṇyāśrayo vāyuḥ pittaṁ pakvāśayasthitam

Kapha is sweet, salty, unctuous, heavy, and extremely sticky; vata resides in the anus and pelvic region, pitta resides in the large intestine,

Verse 18 (garuda.1.168.18)

कफस्यामाशयस्थानं कण्ठो वा मूर्धसन्धयः । कटुतिक्तकषायाश्च कोपयन्ति समीरणम्

kaphasyāmāśayasthānaṁ kaṇṭho vā mūrdhasandhayaḥ kaṭutiktakaṣāyāśca kopayanti samīraṇam

— and kapha's seat is the stomach, the throat, or the joints of the head. Pungent, bitter, and astringent substances provoke vata;

Verse 19 (garuda.1.168.19)

कट्वम्ललवणाः पित्तं स्वादूष्णलवणाः कफम् । एत एव विपर्यस्ताः शमायैषां प्रयोजिताः । भवन्ति रोगिणां शान्त्यै स्वस्थाने सुखहेतवः

kaṭvamlalavaṇāḥ pittaṁ svādūṣṇalavaṇāḥ kapham eta eva viparyastāḥ śamāyaiṣāṁ prayojitāḥ bhavanti rogiṇāṁ śāntyai svasthāne sukhahetavaḥ

pungent, sour, and salty substances provoke pitta, while sweet, hot, and salty substances provoke kapha. These same substances, used in the reverse way, bring relief to patients and become sources of comfort to healthy persons in their proper measure.

Verse 20 (garuda.1.168.20)

चक्षुष्यो मधुरो ज्ञेयो रसधातुविवह्द्धनः । अम्लोत्तरो मनोहृद्यं तथा दीपनपाचनम्

cakṣuṣyo madhuro jñeyo rasadhātuvivahddhanaḥ amlottaro manohṛdyaṁ tathā dīpanapācanam

The sweet taste should be known as beneficial for the eyes and as nourishing the rasa (plasma) tissue; the sour taste, coming after, is pleasing to the mind and heart, and kindles the digestive fire and aids digestion.

Verse 21 (garuda.1.168.21)

दीपनोज्वरतृष्णाघ्नस्तिक्तः शोधनशोषणः । पित्तलो लेखन स्तम्भी कषायो ग्राहिशोषणः

dīpanojvaratṛṣṇāghnastiktaḥ śodhanaśoṣaṇaḥ pittalo lekhana stambhī kaṣāyo grāhiśoṣaṇaḥ

The pungent taste kindles the digestive fire and destroys fever and thirst; the bitter taste purifies and dries; the astringent taste destroys pitta, reduces, checks, binds the stool, and dries.

Verse 22 (garuda.1.168.22)

रसवीर्यविपाकानामाश्रयं द्रव्यमुत्तमम् । रसपाकान्तरस्थायि सर्वद्रव्याश्रयं द्रुतम्

rasavīryavipākānāmāśrayaṁ dravyamuttamam rasapākāntarasthāyi sarvadravyāśrayaṁ drutam

The finest substance is one that harbours taste, potency, and post-digestive effect together, that remains stable through the interval between taste and digestion, and that quickly pervades all other substances.

Verse 23 (garuda.1.168.23)

शीतोष्णं लवणं वीर्यमथ वा शक्तिरिष्यते । रसानां द्विविधः पाको कटुरेव च

śītoṣṇaṁ lavaṇaṁ vīryamatha vā śaktiriṣyate rasānāṁ dvividhaḥ pāko kaṭureva ca

Cold and hot are held to be the two potencies. The post-digestive transformation of tastes is of two kinds — sweet and pungent.

Verse 24 (garuda.1.168.24)

भिषग्भेषजरोगार्तपरिचारकसम्पदः । चिकित्साङ्गानिचत्वारि विपरीतान्यसिद्धये

bhiṣagbheṣajarogārtaparicārakasampadaḥ cikitsāṅgānicatvāri viparītānyasiddhaye

The excellence of the physician, the medicine, the patient, and the attendant — these four are the components of treatment; when reversed, they lead to its failure.

Verse 25 (garuda.1.168.25)

देशकालवयोवह्निसाम्यप्रकृतिभेषजम् । देहसत्त्वबलव्याधीन्बुद्ध्वा कर्म समाचरेत्

deśakālavayovahnisāmyaprakṛtibheṣajam dehasattvabalavyādhīnbuddhvā karma samācaret

Having understood the region, the season, the age, the digestive fire, suitability, constitution, and medicine — and the patient's body, mental strength, physical strength, and disease — the physician should undertake treatment.

Verse 26 (garuda.1.168.26)

बहूदकनगोऽनूपः कफमारुतकोपवान् । जाङ्गलोऽपरशाखी च रक्तपित्तगदोत्तरः ॥ १,१६८.२५*१ ॥ संसृष्टलक्षणोपेतो देशः साधारणः स्मृतः । बाल आ षोडशान्मध्यः सप्ततेर्वृद्ध उच्यते

bahūdakanago'nūpaḥ kaphamārutakopavān jāṅgalo'paraśākhī ca raktapittagadottaraḥ 1,168.25*1 saṁsṛṣṭalakṣaṇopeto deśaḥ sādhāraṇaḥ smṛtaḥ bāla ā ṣoḍaśānmadhyaḥ saptatervṛddha ucyate

A region rich in water and mountains is called anupa (marshy), where kapha and vata are provoked; a jangala (arid) region, without trees, is prone to pitta-dominant diseases — a region with mixed features of both is called ordinary. One is a child up to sixteen years, of middle age up to seventy, and aged thereafter.

Verse 27 (garuda.1.168.27)

कफपित्तानिलाः प्रायो यथाक्रममुदीरिताः । क्षाराग्निशस्त्ररहिता क्षीणे प्रवयसि क्रियाः

kaphapittānilāḥ prāyo yathākramamudīritāḥ kṣārāgniśastrarahitā kṣīṇe pravayasi kriyāḥ

Kapha, pitta, and vata are, in that order, said to predominate in childhood, youth, and old age; in the weakened and the aged, treatments free of caustics, cautery, and surgical instruments should be used.

Verse 28 (garuda.1.168.28)

कृशस्य वृंहणं कार्यंस्थूलदेहस्य कर्षणम् । रक्षणं मध्यकायस्य देहभेदास्त्रयो मताः

kṛśasya vṛṁhaṇaṁ kāryaṁsthūladehasya karṣaṇam rakṣaṇaṁ madhyakāyasya dehabhedāstrayo matāḥ

The thin should be nourished, the obese should be reduced, and the medium-bodied should simply be protected in balance — thus three types of body are recognized.

Verse 29 (garuda.1.168.29)

स्थैर्यव्यायामसन्तोषैर्बोद्धव्यं यत्नतो बलम् । अविकारी महोत्साहो महासाहसिको नरः

sthairyavyāyāmasantoṣairboddhavyaṁ yatnato balam avikārī mahotsāho mahāsāhasiko naraḥ

Strength should be carefully judged by steadiness, capacity for exertion, and contentment; the person free from disturbance, of great enthusiasm and great boldness, is the one of true strength.

Verse 30 (garuda.1.168.30)

पानाहारादयो यस्य विरुद्धाः प्रकृतेरपि । श्वसुखायोपकल्प्यन्ते तत्साम्यमिति कथ्यते

pānāhārādayo yasya viruddhāḥ prakṛterapi śvasukhāyopakalpyante tatsāmyamiti kathyate

When drinks, food, and the like, even though contrary to one's constitution, still prove suitable and comfortable for a person, this is called sāmya (compatibility/adaptation).

Verse 31 (garuda.1.168.31)

गर्भिण्याः श्लैष्मिकैर्भक्ष्यैः श्लैष्मिको जायते नरः । वातलैः पित्तलैस्तद्वत्समधातुर्हिताशनात्

garbhiṇyāḥ ślaiṣmikairbhakṣyaiḥ ślaiṣmiko jāyate naraḥ vātalaiḥ pittalaistadvatsamadhāturhitāśanāt

From a pregnant woman's kapha-provoking food, the child born is of kapha constitution; from vata-provoking food, of vata constitution; and likewise from pitta-provoking food, of pitta constitution; from a balanced, wholesome diet, a child of balanced constitution is born.

Verse 32 (garuda.1.168.32)

कृशो रूक्षोऽल्पकेशश्च चलचित्तो नरः स्थितः । बहुवाक्यरतः स्वप्नेवातप्रकृतिको नरः

kṛśo rūkṣo'lpakeśaśca calacitto naraḥ sthitaḥ bahuvākyarataḥ svapnevātaprakṛtiko naraḥ

A person who is thin, dry-skinned, with sparse hair, restless of mind, given to much talking, and unsettled even in dreams, is called of vata constitution.

Verse 33 (garuda.1.168.33)

अकालपलितो गौरः प्रस्वेदी कोपनो बुधः । स्वप्नेऽपि दीप्तिमत्प्रेक्षी पित्तप्रकृतिरुच्यते

akālapalito gauraḥ prasvedī kopano budhaḥ svapne'pi dīptimatprekṣī pittaprakṛtirucyate

Premature greying, a fair complexion, excessive sweating, an irritable temper, sharp intelligence, and seeing bright, fiery things even in dreams — this is the sign of pitta constitution.

Verse 34 (garuda.1.168.34)

स्थिरचित्तः स्वरः सूक्ष्मः प्रसन्नः स्निग्धमूर्धजः । स्वप्ने जलशिलालोकी श्लेष्म प्रकृतिको नरः

sthiracittaḥ svaraḥ sūkṣmaḥ prasannaḥ snigdhamūrdhajaḥ svapne jalaśilālokī śleṣma prakṛtiko naraḥ

A steady mind, a fine voice, a cheerful face, smooth hair, and seeing water and rocks in dreams — such a person is called of kapha constitution.

Verse 35 (garuda.1.168.35)

संमिश्रलक्षणैर्ज्ञेयो द्वित्रिदोषान्वयो नरः । दोषस्येतरसद्भावेऽप्यधिका प्रकृतिः स्मृताः

saṁmiśralakṣaṇairjñeyo dvitridoṣānvayo naraḥ doṣasyetarasadbhāve'pyadhikā prakṛtiḥ smṛtāḥ

A person marked by mixed signs should be known as of a dual- or triple-dosha constitution; even where another dosha is present, whichever predominates is taken as the governing constitution.

Verse 36 (garuda.1.168.36)

मन्दस्तीक्ष्णोऽथ विषमः समश्चैति चतुर्विधाः । कफपित्तानिलाधिक्यात्तत्साम्याज्जाठरोऽनलः

mandastīkṣṇo'tha viṣamaḥ samaścaiti caturvidhāḥ kaphapittānilādhikyāttatsāmyājjāṭharo'nalaḥ

Weak, sharp, irregular, and balanced — the digestive fire is thus of four kinds, arising from the predominance of kapha, pitta, or vata respectively, or from their equilibrium.

Verse 37 (garuda.1.168.37)

समस्य पालनं कार्यं विषमे वातनिग्रहः । तीक्ष्णे पित्तप्रतीकारो मन्दे श्लेष्मविशोधनम्

samasya pālanaṁ kāryaṁ viṣame vātanigrahaḥ tīkṣṇe pittapratīkāro mande śleṣmaviśodhanam

A balanced digestive fire should be maintained; in the irregular type, vata should be controlled; in the sharp type, pitta should be countered; and in the weak type, kapha should be cleared.

Verse 38 (garuda.1.168.38)

प्रभवः सर्वरोगाणामजीर्णं चाग्निनाशनम् । आमाम्लरसविष्टम्भ लक्षणन्तच्चतुर्विधम्

prabhavaḥ sarvarogāṇāmajīrṇaṁ cāgnināśanam āmāmlarasaviṣṭambha lakṣaṇantaccaturvidham

Indigestion (ajirna) is the origin of all diseases and the destroyer of the digestive fire; by its signs — of ama, sourness, [disturbed] rasa, and obstruction — it is of four kinds.

Verse 39 (garuda.1.168.39)

आमाद्विषूचिका चैव हृदालस्यादयस्तथा । वचालवणतोयेन छर्दनं तत्र कारयेत्

āmādviṣūcikā caiva hṛdālasyādayastathā vacālavaṇatoyena chardanaṁ tatra kārayet

From ama-type indigestion arise vishuchika (a cholera-like disorder), listlessness at the heart, and the like; in this, one should induce vomiting with vacha, salt, and water.

Verse 40 (garuda.1.168.40)

शुक्राभावो भ्रमो मूर्छा तर्षोऽम्लात्संप्रवर्तते । अपक्वं तत्र शीताम्बुपानं वातनिषेवणम्

śukrābhāvo bhramo mūrchā tarṣo'mlātsaṁpravartate apakvaṁ tatra śītāmbupānaṁ vātaniṣevaṇam

In the sour type of indigestion, loss of vitality, giddiness, fainting, and thirst arise from the sour taste; in this, while it remains undigested, drinking cool water and exposure to fresh air is proper.

Verse 41 (garuda.1.168.41)

गात्रभङ्गं शिरोजाड्यं भक्तदोषादयो गदान् । तस्मिन्स्वापो दिवा कार्योलङ्घनं च विवर्जनम्

gātrabhaṅgaṁ śirojāḍyaṁ bhaktadoṣādayo gadān tasminsvāpo divā kāryolaṅghanaṁ ca vivarjanam

In the rasa-type of indigestion, there is a sense of the body breaking, dullness in the head, and diseases arising from faulty food; in this, sleeping by day, fasting, and avoiding unwholesome food should be practised.

Verse 42 (garuda.1.168.42)

शूलगुल्मौ च विण्मूत्रस्थानविष्टम्भसूचकौ । विधेयं स्वेदनं तत्र पानीयं लवणोदकम्

śūlagulmau ca viṇmūtrasthānaviṣṭambhasūcakau vidheyaṁ svedanaṁ tatra pānīyaṁ lavaṇodakam

Colic pain and abdominal tumours indicate an obstruction in the passage of stool and urine; in this, inducing sweating and drinking salted water is appropriate.

Verse 43 (garuda.1.168.43)

आममम्लं च विष्टब्धं कफपित्तानिलैः क्रमात् । आलिप्य जठरं प्राज्ञो हिङ्गुत्र्यूषणसैन्धवैः

āmamamlaṁ ca viṣṭabdhaṁ kaphapittānilaiḥ kramāt ālipya jaṭharaṁ prājño hiṅgutryūṣaṇasaindhavaiḥ

The ama, sour, and obstructed types of indigestion are respectively connected with kapha, pitta, and vata; the wise physician should apply a paste of asafoetida, the three pungent spices, and rock salt to the abdomen,

Verse 44 (garuda.1.168.44)

दिवास्वप्नं प्रकुर्वीत सर्वाजीर्णविनाशनम् । अहितान्नै रोगराशिरहितान्नं ततस्त्यजेत्

divāsvapnaṁ prakurvīta sarvājīrṇavināśanam ahitānnai rogarāśirahitānnaṁ tatastyajet

and permit sleep by day, which destroys every kind of indigestion; unwholesome food alone is the source of the whole mass of diseases, and so unwholesome food should be given up.

Verse 45 (garuda.1.168.45)

उष्णाम्बु वानुपानं च माक्षिकैः पाचनं भवेत् । करीरदधिमत्स्यैश्च प्रायः क्षीरं विरुध्यते

uṣṇāmbu vānupānaṁ ca mākṣikaiḥ pācanaṁ bhavet karīradadhimatsyaiśca prāyaḥ kṣīraṁ virudhyate

Warm water should be taken as an accompanying drink, or digestion aided with honey. Milk taken along with karira, curd, and fish is generally regarded as an incompatible combination.

Verse 46 (garuda.1.168.46)

बिल्वः शोणा च गम्भारी पाटला गणिकारिका । दीपनं कफवातघ्नं पञ्चमूलमिदं महत्

bilvaḥ śoṇā ca gambhārī pāṭalā gaṇikārikā dīpanaṁ kaphavātaghnaṁ pañcamūlamidaṁ mahat

Bilva, arani, gambhari, patala, and ganikarika — this is the greater panchamula (group of five roots), which destroys kapha and vata and kindles the digestive fire.

Verse 47 (garuda.1.168.47)

शालपर्णो पृश्रिपर्णो बृहतीद्वयगोक्षुरम् । वातपित्तहरं वृष्यं कनीयः पञ्चमूलकम्

śālaparṇo pṛśriparṇo bṛhatīdvayagokṣuram vātapittaharaṁ vṛṣyaṁ kanīyaḥ pañcamūlakam

Shalaparni, prishniparni, both the brihatis, and gokshura — this is the lesser panchamula, which destroys vata and pitta and is aphrodisiac in effect.

Verse 48 (garuda.1.168.48)

उभयं दशसूलं स्यात्सन्निपातज्वरापहम् । कासे श्वासे च तन्द्रायां पार्श्वशूले च शस्यते

ubhayaṁ daśasūlaṁ syātsannipātajvarāpaham kāse śvāse ca tandrāyāṁ pārśvaśūle ca śasyate

Combined, these two groups of five roots are called dashamula (the ten roots), which destroys sannipata fever; it is also recommended for cough, breathlessness, drowsiness, and pain in the sides.

Verse 49 (garuda.1.168.49)

एतैस्तैलानि सर्पोषि प्रलेपादलकां जयेत् । क्वाथाच्चतुर्गुणं वारि पादस्थं स्याच्चतुर्गुणम्

etaistailāni sarpoṣi pralepādalakāṁ jayet kvāthāccaturguṇaṁ vāri pādasthaṁ syāccaturguṇam

Oils and medicated ghees prepared from these same herbs, applied as a paste, cure baldness. In a decoction, the water should be taken in fourfold quantity and reduced by boiling to one quarter,

Verse 50 (garuda.1.168.50)

स्नेहञ्च तत्समं क्षीरं कल्कश्च स्नेहपादकः । संवर्तितौषधैः पाको बस्तौ पाने भवेत्समः । खरोऽभ्यङ्गे मृदुर्नस्ये पाकोऽपि संप्रकल्पयेत्

snehañca tatsamaṁ kṣīraṁ kalkaśca snehapādakaḥ saṁvartitauṣadhaiḥ pāko bastau pāne bhavetsamaḥ kharo'bhyaṅge mṛdurnasye pāko'pi saṁprakalpayet

the oil or ghee should be taken in equal quantity, milk likewise equal, and the herbal paste one quarter of the oil's quantity; medicines thus prepared are cooked by the same method for enemas and for drinking — a firmer preparation should be made for massage, and a softer one for nasal administration.

Verse 51 (garuda.1.168.51)

स्थूलदेहन्द्रियाश्चिन्त्या प्रकृतिर्या त्वधिष्ठिता । आरोग्यमिति तं विद्यादायुष्मन्तमुपाचरेत्

sthūladehandriyāścintyā prakṛtiryā tvadhiṣṭhitā ārogyamiti taṁ vidyādāyuṣmantamupācaret

That state in which the gross body and the senses remain established in their natural constitution is to be known as good health; recognizing such a person as one of long life, one should proceed to treat him accordingly.

Verse 52 (garuda.1.168.52)

यो गृह्णातीन्द्रियैरर्थान्विपरीतान्स मृत्युभाक् । भिषङ्मित्रगुरुद्वेषी प्रियारातिश्च यो भवेत्

yo gṛhṇātīndriyairarthānviparītānsa mṛtyubhāk bhiṣaṅmitragurudveṣī priyārātiśca yo bhavet

One who begins to perceive things through the senses in a reversed, distorted way becomes a candidate for death; one who develops hatred for his physician, friend, and teacher, and comes to regard a loved one as an enemy —

Verse 53 (garuda.1.168.53)

गुल्फजानुललाटं च हनुर्गण्डस्तथैव च । भ्रष्टं स्थानच्युतं यस्य स जहात्यचिरादसून्

gulphajānulalāṭaṁ ca hanurgaṇḍastathaiva ca bhraṣṭaṁ sthānacyutaṁ yasya sa jahātyacirādasūn

— and one whose ankle, knee, forehead, jaw, or cheek loses its natural form or becomes displaced from its place, soon gives up his life.

Verse 54 (garuda.1.168.54)

वामाक्षिमज्जनं जिह्वा श्यामा नासा विकारिणी । कृष्णौ स्थानच्युतौ चोष्ठौ कृष्णास्यं यस्यतं त्यजेत्

vāmākṣimajjanaṁ jihvā śyāmā nāsā vikāriṇī kṛṣṇau sthānacyutau coṣṭhau kṛṣṇāsyaṁ yasyataṁ tyajet

The sinking of the left eye, blackening of the tongue, distortion of the nose, both lips turning black and slipping from their place, and darkening of the mouth — in one showing these signs, the case should be abandoned as incurable.