The Description of the Cosmography

Verse 1 (garuda.1.58.1)

॥हरिरुवाच ॥ वक्ष्ये प्रमाणसंस्थाने सूर्य्यादीनां श्रृणुष्व मे ॥ योजानानां सहस्त्राणि भास्करस्य रथो नव

.hariruvāca . vakṣye pramāṇasaṁsthāne sūryyādīnāṁ śrṛṇuṣva me . yojānānāṁ sahastrāṇi bhāskarasya ratho nava

Hari said: I shall describe the measure and structure of the sun and the rest; listen to me. The yoke-pole of the sun's chariot measures nine thousand yojanas,

Verse 2 (garuda.1.58.2)

ईशादण्डस्तथैवास्य द्विगुणो वृषभध्वज ॥ सार्द्धकोटिस्तथा सप्त नियुतान्यधिकानि च

īśādaṇḍastathaivāsya dviguṇo vṛṣabhadhvaja . sārddhakoṭistathā sapta niyutānyadhikāni ca

and, O bull-bannered one, its axle-pole is double that — seven and a half crore, and many more nayutas beyond.

Verse 3 (garuda.1.58.3)

योजनानां तु तस्याक्षस्तत्र चक्रं प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥ त्रिनाभिमति पञ्चारे षण्नेमिन्यक्षयात्मके

yojanānāṁ tu tasyākṣastatra cakraṁ pratiṣṭhitam . trinābhimati pañcāre ṣaṇneminyakṣayātmake

Its axle measures that same number of yojanas; upon it the wheel is established — having three hubs, five spokes, six rims, of imperishable nature,

Verse 4 (garuda.1.58.4)

संवत्सरमये कृत्स्नं कालचक्रं प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥ चत्वारिंशत्सहस्त्राणि द्वितीयोऽक्षो विवस्वतः

saṁvatsaramaye kṛtsnaṁ kālacakraṁ pratiṣṭhitam . catvāriṁśatsahastrāṇi dvitīyo'kṣo vivasvataḥ

consisting of the year — the whole wheel of time is established within it. The second axle of Vivasvan (the sun) is forty thousand yojanas,

Verse 5 (garuda.1.58.5)

पञ्चान्यानि तु सार्द्धानि स्यन्दनस्य वृषध्वज ॥ अक्षप्रमाणमुभयोः प्रमाणं तु युगार्द्धयोः

pañcānyāni tu sārddhāni syandanasya vṛṣadhvaja . akṣapramāṇamubhayoḥ pramāṇaṁ tu yugārddhayoḥ

and, O bull-bannered one, the chariot's other axle exceeds by five hundred more. The measure of both axles corresponds to the measure of half a yuga each.

Verse 6 (garuda.1.58.6)

ह्रस्वोऽक्षस्तद्युगार्द्धेन ध्रुवाधारे रथस्य वै ॥ द्वितीयेऽक्षे तु तच्चक्रं संस्थितं मानसाचले

hrasvo'kṣastadyugārddhena dhruvādhāre rathasya vai . dvitīye'kṣe tu taccakraṁ saṁsthitaṁ mānasācale

The shorter axle, by that same half-yuga measure, rests upon the support of Dhruva, the pole-star, for the chariot. Upon the second axle, that wheel is established on Mount Manasa (Meru).

Verse 7 (garuda.1.58.7)

गायत्त्री सबृहत्युष्णिग्जगतीत्रिष्टुबेव च ॥ अनुष्टुप्पङ्क्तिरित्युक्ताश्छन्दांसि हरयो रवेः

gāyattrī sabṛhatyuṣṇigjagatītriṣṭubeva ca . anuṣṭuppaṅktirityuktāśchandāṁsi harayo raveḥ

Gayatri, Brihati, Ushnih, Jagati, Trishtubh, Anushtubh, and Pankti — these Vedic metres are declared to be the horses of the sun.

Verse 8 (garuda.1.58.8)

धाता क्रतुस्थला चैव पुलस्त्यो वासुकिस्तथा ॥ रथकृद्ग्रामणीर्हेतिस्तुम्बुरुश्चैत्रमासके

dhātā kratusthalā caiva pulastyo vāsukistathā . rathakṛdgrāmaṇīrhetistumburuścaitramāsake

Dhata, Kratusthala, Pulastya, Vasuki, Rathakrit, Gramani, Heti, and Tumburu — these attend the sun in the month of Chaitra,

Verse 9 (garuda.1.58.9)

अर्य्यमा पुलहश्चैव रथौजाः पुञ्जिकस्थला ॥ प्रहेतिः कच्छनीरश्च नारदश्चैव माधवे

aryyamā pulahaścaiva rathaujāḥ puñjikasthalā . prahetiḥ kacchanīraśca nāradaścaiva mādhave

Aryaman, Pulaha, Rathaujas, Punjikasthala, Praheti, Kachchhanira, and Narada — in the month of Madhava (Vaishakha),

Verse 10 (garuda.1.58.10)

मित्रोऽत्रिस्तक्षको रक्षः पौरुषेयोऽथ मेनका ॥ हाहा रथस्वनश्चैव ज्येष्ठे भानो रथे स्थिताः

mitro'tristakṣako rakṣaḥ pauruṣeyo'tha menakā . hāhā rathasvanaścaiva jyeṣṭhe bhāno rathe sthitāḥ

Mitra, Atri, Takshaka, a Rakshasa, Paurusheya, Menaka, Haha, and Rathasvana — remain stationed on the sun's chariot in the month of Jyeshtha.

Verse 11 (garuda.1.58.11)

वरुणो वसिष्ठो रम्भा सहजन्या कुहुर्बुधः ॥ रथचित्रस्तथा शुक्रो वसन्त्याषाढसंज्ञिते

varuṇo vasiṣṭho rambhā sahajanyā kuhurbudhaḥ . rathacitrastathā śukro vasantyāṣāḍhasaṁjñite

Varuna, Vasishtha, Rambha, Sahajanya, Kuhu, Budha, Rathachitra, and Shukra — dwell in the month called Ashadha.

Verse 12 (garuda.1.58.12)

इन्द्रो विश्वावसुः स्त्रोत(श्रोत्र) एलापत्रस्तथाङ्गिराः ॥ प्रम्लोचा च नभस्येते सर्पाश्चार्के तु सन्ति वै

indro viśvāvasuḥ strota(śrotra) elāpatrastathāṅgirāḥ . pramlocā ca nabhasyete sarpāścārke tu santi vai

Indra, Vishvavasu, Shrota, Elapatra, Angiras, and Pramlocha — these dwell in Nabhasya (Shravana), and serpents too are present with the sun.

Verse 13 (garuda.1.58.13)

विवस्वानुग्रसेनश्च भृगुरापूरणस्तथा ॥ अनुम्लोचाशङ्खपालौ व्याघ्रो भाद्रपदे तथा

vivasvānugrasenaśca bhṛgurāpūraṇastathā . anumlocāśaṅkhapālau vyāghro bhādrapade tathā

Vivasvan, Ugrasena, Bhrigu, Apurana, Anumlocha, Shankhapala, and Vyaghra — in Bhadrapada,

Verse 14 (garuda.1.58.14)

पूषा च सुरुचिर्धाता गौतमोऽथ धनञ्जयः ॥ सुषेणोऽन्यो धृताची च वसन्त्याश्वयुजे रवौ

pūṣā ca surucirdhātā gautamo'tha dhanañjayaḥ . suṣeṇo'nyo dhṛtācī ca vasantyāśvayuje ravau

Pusha, Suruchi, Dhata, Gautama, Dhananjaya, another Sushena, and Dhritachi — these dwell with the sun in the month of Ashvayuja (Ashvina).

Verse 15 (garuda.1.58.15)

विश्वावसुर्भरद्वाजः पर्जन्यैरावतौ तदा ॥ विश्वाची सेनजिच्चापः (पि) कार्त्तिके चाधिकारिणः

viśvāvasurbharadvājaḥ parjanyairāvatau tadā . viśvācī senajiccāpaḥ (pi) kārttike cādhikāriṇaḥ

Vishvavasu, Bharadvaja, Parjanya and Airavata, Vishvachi, Senajit, and Apa — these preside over the month of Kartika.

Verse 16 (garuda.1.58.16)

अंशुश्च काश्यपस्तार्क्ष्यो महापद्मस्तथोर्वशी ॥ चित्रसेनस्तथा विद्युन्मार्गशीर्षाधिकारिणः

aṁśuśca kāśyapastārkṣyo mahāpadmastathorvaśī . citrasenastathā vidyunmārgaśīrṣādhikāriṇaḥ

Amshu, Kashyapa, Tarkshya, Mahapadma, Urvashi, Chitrasena, and Vidyut — these preside over the month of Margashirsha.

Verse 17 (garuda.1.58.17)

क्रतुर्भर्गस्तथोर्णायुः स्फूर्जः कर्कोटकस्तथा ॥ अरिष्टनेमिश्चैवान्या पूर्वचित्तिवर्रात्सराः ॥ पौषमासे वसन्त्येते सप्त भास्करमण्डले

kraturbhargastathorṇāyuḥ sphūrjaḥ karkoṭakastathā . ariṣṭanemiścaivānyā pūrvacittivarrātsarāḥ . pauṣamāse vasantyete sapta bhāskaramaṇḍale

Kratu, Bharga, Urnayu, Sphurja, Karkotaka, Arishtanemi, and another apsaras, Purvachitti — these seven dwell in the sun's orb during the month of Pausha.

Verse 18 (garuda.1.58.18)

त्वष्टाथ जमदग्निश्च कम्बलोऽथ तिलोत्तमा ॥ ब्रह्मापेतोऽथ ऋतजिद्धृतराष्ट्रश्च सप्तमः ॥ माघमासे वसन्त्येते सप्त भास्करमण्डले

tvaṣṭātha jamadagniśca kambalo'tha tilottamā . brahmāpeto'tha ṛtajiddhṛtarāṣṭraśca saptamaḥ . māghamāse vasantyete sapta bhāskaramaṇḍale

Tvashta, Jamadagni, Kambala, Tilottama, Brahmapeta, Ritajit, and the seventh, Dhritarashtra — these seven dwell in the sun's orb during the month of Magha.

Verse 19 (garuda.1.58.19)

विष्णुरश्वतरो रम्भा सूर्य्यवर्च्चाश्च सत्यजित् ॥ विश्वामित्रस्तथा रक्षो यज्ञापेतो हि फाल्गुने

viṣṇuraśvataro rambhā sūryyavarccāśca satyajit . viśvāmitrastathā rakṣo yajñāpeto hi phālgune

Vishnu, Ashvatara, Rambha, Suryavarcha, Satyajit, Vishvamitra, and a rakshasa named Yajnapeta — dwell during Phalguna.

Verse 20 (garuda.1.58.20)

सवितुर्मण्डले ब्रह्मन्विष्णुशक्त्युपबृंहिताः ॥ स्तुवन्ति मुनयः सूर्य्यं गन्धर्वैर्गोयते पुरः

saviturmaṇḍale brahmanviṣṇuśaktyupabṛṁhitāḥ . stuvanti munayaḥ sūryyaṁ gandharvairgoyate puraḥ

O Brahman, strengthened by the power of Vishnu, sages in the orb of Savitri (the sun) sing his praises, and Gandharvas sing before him,

Verse 21 (garuda.1.58.21)

नृत्यन्त्योऽप्सरसो यान्ति सूर्य्यस्यानुनिशाचराः ॥ वहन्ति पन्नगा यक्षैः क्रियतेऽभीषुसंग्रहः

nṛtyantyo'psaraso yānti sūryyasyānuniśācarāḥ . vahanti pannagā yakṣaiḥ kriyate'bhīṣusaṁgrahaḥ

Apsarases move along dancing, night-wandering beings follow behind the sun. Serpents together with Yakshas draw him along, and the gathering of the reins is performed,

Verse 22 (garuda.1.58.22)

बालखिल्यास्तथैवैनं परिवार्य्य समासते ॥ रथस्त्रिचक्रः सोमस्य कुन्दाभास्तस्य वाजिनः

bālakhilyāstathaivainaṁ parivāryya samāsate . rathastricakraḥ somasya kundābhāstasya vājinaḥ

and the Balakhilya sages likewise surround and attend him. The chariot of the Moon has three wheels; its horses are as white as jasmine blossoms,

Verse 23 (garuda.1.58.23)

वामदक्षिणतो युक्ता दश तेन चरत्यसौ ॥ वार्य (य्व) ग्रनिद्रव्यसम्भूतो रथश्चन्द्रसुतस्यच

vāmadakṣiṇato yuktā daśa tena caratyasau . vārya (yva) granidravyasambhūto rathaścandrasutasyaca

yoked ten to a side, by which he travels. The chariot of Budha (Mercury, the son of the Moon) is formed of wind and vital substance,

Verse 24 (garuda.1.58.24)

पिशंगेस्तुरगैर्युक्तः सोऽष्टाभिर्वायुवेगिभिः ॥ सवरूथः सानुकर्षो युक्तो भूमिभवैर्हयैः

piśaṁgesturagairyuktaḥ so'ṣṭābhirvāyuvegibhiḥ . savarūthaḥ sānukarṣo yukto bhūmibhavairhayaiḥ

yoked with eight tawny horses, swift as the wind. Complete with housing and undercarriage, yoked with horses born of the earth,

Verse 25 (garuda.1.58.25)

सोपासङ्गपताकस्तु शुक्रस्यापि रथो महान् ॥ रथो भूमिसुतस्यापि तप्तकाञ्चनसन्निभः

sopāsaṅgapatākastu śukrasyāpi ratho mahān . ratho bhūmisutasyāpi taptakāñcanasannibhaḥ

furnished with a quiver and a banner, great too is the chariot of Shukra (Venus). The chariot of the earth's son (Mangala, Mars) too is like molten gold,

Verse 26 (garuda.1.58.26)

अष्टाश्वः काञ्चनः श्रीमान् भौमस्यापि रथो महान्

aṣṭāśvaḥ kāñcanaḥ śrīmān bhaumasyāpi ratho mahān

with eight horses, golden, and resplendent — great too is the chariot of Bhauma (Mars).

Verse 27 (garuda.1.58.27)

पद्मरागारुणैरश्वैः संयुक्तो वह्निसंभवैः ॥ अष्टाभिः पाण्डरैर्युक्तैर्वाजिभिः काञ्चने रथे

padmarāgāruṇairaśvaiḥ saṁyukto vahnisaṁbhavaiḥ . aṣṭābhiḥ pāṇḍarairyuktairvājibhiḥ kāñcane rathe

Yoked with horses ruby-red, born of fire — with eight pale horses yoked, in a golden chariot,

Verse 28 (garuda.1.58.28)

तिष्ठंस्तिष्ठति वर्षं वै राशौराशौ बृहस्पतिः ॥ आकाशसम्भवैरश्वैः शवलैः स्यन्दनं युतम्

tiṣṭhaṁstiṣṭhati varṣaṁ vai rāśaurāśau bṛhaspatiḥ . ākāśasambhavairaśvaiḥ śavalaiḥ syandanaṁ yutam

Brihaspati (Jupiter) remains stationed, dwelling a full year in each successive sign. Mounted upon a chariot yoked with dappled horses born of the sky,

Verse 29 (garuda.1.58.29)

समारुह्य शनैर्याति मन्दगामी शनैश्चरः ॥ स्वर्भानोस्तुरगा ह्यष्टौ भृङ्गाभा धूसरं रथम्

samāruhya śanairyāti mandagāmī śanaiścaraḥ . svarbhānosturagā hyaṣṭau bhṛṅgābhā dhūsaraṁ ratham

the slow-moving Shanaishchara (Saturn) proceeds gently. The eight horses of Svarbhanu (Rahu), the color of bees, draw his dusky chariot,

Verse 30 (garuda.1.58.30)

सकृद्यक्तास्तु भूतेशबहन्त्यविरतं शिव ॥ तथा केतुरथस्याश्वा अष्टौ ते वातरंहसः

sakṛdyaktāstu bhūteśabahantyavirataṁ śiva . tathā keturathasyāśvā aṣṭau te vātaraṁhasaḥ

though yoked but once, O Shiva, they draw it ceaselessly by the will of Bhutesha, the Lord of beings. Likewise, Ketu's chariot too has eight horses, swift as the wind,

Verse 31 (garuda.1.58.31)

पलालधूमवर्णाभा लाक्षारसनिभारुणाः ॥ द्वीपनद्यद्र्युदन्वन्तो भुवनानिहरेस्तनुः

palāladhūmavarṇābhā lākṣārasanibhāruṇāḥ . dvīpanadyadryudanvanto bhuvanāniharestanuḥ

the color of straw-smoke, or ruddy like the juice of lac. The continents, rivers, mountains, and oceans — all these worlds are the very body of Hari.