The Description of Right Conduct

Verse 1 (padma.1.49.1)

नारद उवाच- केनाचारेण विप्रस्य ब्रह्मतेजो विवर्धते। केनाचारेण तस्यैव ब्राह्मं तेजो विनश्यति

nārada uvāca kenācāreṇa viprasya brahmatejo vivardhate kenācāreṇa tasyaiva brāhmaṁ tejo vinaśyati

Narada said: By what conduct does a brahmin's spiritual splendour increase? By what conduct does that same brahminical splendour perish?

Verse 2 (padma.1.49.2)

ब्रह्मोवाच। शयनीयात्समुत्थाय रात्र्यंशे द्विजसत्तमः। देवांश्चैव स्मरेन्नित्यं तथा पुण्यवतो ध्रुवम्

brahmovāca śayanīyātsamutthāya rātryaṁśe dvijasattamaḥ devāṁścaiva smarennityaṁ tathā puṇyavato dhruvam

Brahma said: Rising from his bed in the last watch of the night, the best of the twice-born should ever remember the gods, and surely the meritorious ones too.

Verse 3 (padma.1.49.3)

गोविंदं माधवं कृष्णं हरिं दामोदरं तथा। नारायणं जगन्नाथं वासुदेवमजं विभुम्

goviṁdaṁ mādhavaṁ kṛṣṇaṁ hariṁ dāmodaraṁ tathā nārāyaṇaṁ jagannāthaṁ vāsudevamajaṁ vibhum

Govinda, Madhava, Krishna, Hari, and Damodara likewise; Narayana, Jagannatha, Vasudeva, the unborn, the all-pervading Lord,

Verse 4 (padma.1.49.4)

सरस्वतीं महालक्ष्मीं सावित्रीं वेदमातरम्। ब्रह्माणं भास्करं चन्द्रं दिक्पालांश्च ग्रहांस्तथा

sarasvatīṁ mahālakṣmīṁ sāvitrīṁ vedamātaram brahmāṇaṁ bhāskaraṁ candraṁ dikpālāṁśca grahāṁstathā

Sarasvati, Mahalakshmi, Savitri, mother of the Vedas, Brahma, the sun, the moon, and the guardians of the directions, and the planets likewise,

Verse 5 (padma.1.49.5)

शङ्करं च शिवं शंभुमीश्वरं च महेश्वरम्। गणेशं च तथा स्कन्दं गौरीं भागीरथीं शिवाम्

śaṅkaraṁ ca śivaṁ śaṁbhumīśvaraṁ ca maheśvaram gaṇeśaṁ ca tathā skandaṁ gaurīṁ bhāgīrathīṁ śivām

Shankara, Shiva, Shambhu, Ishvara, and Maheshvara; Ganesha, and Skanda likewise, Gauri, Bhagirathi, and the auspicious Parvati,

Verse 6 (padma.1.49.6)

पुण्यश्लोको नलो राजा पुण्यश्लोको जनार्दनः। पुण्यश्लोका च वैदेही पुण्यश्लोको युधिष्ठिरः

puṇyaśloko nalo rājā puṇyaśloko janārdanaḥ puṇyaślokā ca vaidehī puṇyaśloko yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

King Nala of blessed renown, Janardana of blessed renown, Vaidehi of blessed renown, and Yudhishthira of blessed renown,

Verse 7 (padma.1.49.7)

अश्वत्थामा बलिर्व्यासो हनूमांश्च विभीषणः। कृपः परशुरामश्च सप्तैते चीरजीविनः

aśvatthāmā balirvyāso hanūmāṁśca vibhīṣaṇaḥ kṛpaḥ paraśurāmaśca saptaite cīrajīvinaḥ

Ashvatthama, Bali, Vyasa, Hanuman, and Vibhishana, Kripa, and Parashurama — these seven are the ever-living ones.

Verse 8 (padma.1.49.8)

एतान्यस्तु स्मरेन्नित्यं प्रातरुत्थाय मानवः। ब्रह्महत्यादिभिः पापैर्मुच्यते नात्र संशयः

etānyastu smarennityaṁ prātarutthāya mānavaḥ brahmahatyādibhiḥ pāpairmucyate nātra saṁśayaḥ

A man who, rising in the morning, ever remembers these, is freed from sins such as the killing of a brahmin — of this there is no doubt.

Verse 9 (padma.1.49.9)

सकृदुच्चरिते तात सर्वयज्ञफलं लभेत्। गवां शतसहस्राणां दानस्य फलमश्नुते

sakṛduccarite tāta sarvayajñaphalaṁ labhet gavāṁ śatasahasrāṇāṁ dānasya phalamaśnute

By reciting this even once, my son, one obtains the fruit of all sacrifices, and enjoys the fruit of the gift of a hundred thousand cows.

Verse 10 (padma.1.49.10)

ततश्चापि शुचौ देशे मलमूत्रं परित्यजेत्। दक्षिणाभिमुखो रात्रौ दिवा कुर्यादुदङ्मुखः

tataścāpi śucau deśe malamūtraṁ parityajet dakṣiṇābhimukho rātrau divā kuryādudaṅmukhaḥ

Then, in a clean place, he should relieve himself; facing south at night, and facing north during the day.

Verse 11 (padma.1.49.11)

परतो दंतकाष्ठं च तृणैरुदुंबरादिभिः। अतः परं च संध्यायां संयतश्च द्विजो भवेत्

parato daṁtakāṣṭhaṁ ca tṛṇairuduṁbarādibhiḥ ataḥ paraṁ ca saṁdhyāyāṁ saṁyataśca dvijo bhavet

After that, he should clean his teeth with a tooth-twig, or with twigs such as udumbara. After this, at the twilight hour, the twice-born should be self-restrained.

Verse 12 (padma.1.49.12)

पूर्वाह्णे रक्तवर्णां तु मध्याह्ने शुक्लवर्णिकाम्। सायं सरस्वतीं कृष्णां द्विजो ध्यायेद्यथाविधि

pūrvāhṇe raktavarṇāṁ tu madhyāhne śuklavarṇikām sāyaṁ sarasvatīṁ kṛṣṇāṁ dvijo dhyāyedyathāvidhi

In the forenoon he should meditate, according to rule, on Sarasvati as red in colour; at midday as white; and in the evening as dark.

Verse 13 (padma.1.49.13)

ततः समाचरेत्स्नानं यथाज्ञानेन यत्नतः। अंगं प्रक्षालयित्वा तु मृद्भिः संलेपयेत्ततः

tataḥ samācaretsnānaṁ yathājñānena yatnataḥ aṁgaṁ prakṣālayitvā tu mṛdbhiḥ saṁlepayettataḥ

Then he should carefully perform his bath according to what he knows; having washed his limbs, he should then smear them with clay.

Verse 14 (padma.1.49.14)

शिरोदेशे ललाटे च नासिकायां हृदि भ्रुवोः। बाह्वोः पार्श्वे तथा नाभौ जान्वोरङ्घ्रिद्वये तथा

śirodeśe lalāṭe ca nāsikāyāṁ hṛdi bhruvoḥ bāhvoḥ pārśve tathā nābhau jānvoraṅghridvaye tathā

On the head, the forehead, the nose, the heart, between the eyebrows; on the arms, the sides, and likewise the navel, the two knees, and the two feet,

Verse 15 (padma.1.49.15)

एका लिंगे गुदे तिस्रस्तथा वामकरे दश। उभयोः सप्त दातव्या मृदः शुद्धिमभीप्सता

ekā liṁge gude tisrastathā vāmakare daśa ubhayoḥ sapta dātavyā mṛdaḥ śuddhimabhīpsatā

one portion of clay on the genitals, three on the anus, and ten on the left hand; seven should be given on both hands — by one desiring purity.

Verse 16 (padma.1.49.16)

अश्वक्रांते रथक्रांते विष्णुक्रांते वसुंधरे। मृत्तिके हर मे पापं यन्मया पूर्वसंचितम्

aśvakrāṁte rathakrāṁte viṣṇukrāṁte vasuṁdhare mṛttike hara me pāpaṁ yanmayā pūrvasaṁcitam

'O earth, trodden by the horse of sacrifice, trodden by the chariot, trodden by Vishnu — O clay, take away my sin which I have accumulated before.'

Verse 17 (padma.1.49.17)

अनेनैव तु मंत्रेण मृत्तिकां यस्तनौ क्षिपेत्। सर्वपापक्षयस्तस्य शुचिर्भवति मानवः

anenaiva tu maṁtreṇa mṛttikāṁ yastanau kṣipet sarvapāpakṣayastasya śucirbhavati mānavaḥ

He who applies clay to his body with this very mantra — all his sins are destroyed, and the man becomes pure.

Verse 18 (padma.1.49.18)

ततस्तु वेदपूर्वेण स्नानं कुर्याद्विचक्षणः। नदे नद्यां तथा कूपे पुष्करिण्यां तटाकके

tatastu vedapūrveṇa snānaṁ kuryādvicakṣaṇaḥ nade nadyāṁ tathā kūpe puṣkariṇyāṁ taṭākake

Then the discerning one should bathe with a Vedic mantra preceding it — in a river, a well, a lotus-pond, or a lake,

Verse 19 (padma.1.49.19)

जलराशौ च वप्रे च घटस्नानं तथोत्तरम्। कारयेद्विधिवन्मर्त्यः सर्वपापक्षयाय च

jalarāśau ca vapre ca ghaṭasnānaṁ tathottaram kārayedvidhivanmartyaḥ sarvapāpakṣayāya ca

in a body of water, or a pond, and also with a pot of water afterward — a mortal should perform his bath according to rule, for the destruction of all sin.

Verse 20 (padma.1.49.20)

प्रातःस्नानं महापुण्यं सर्वपापप्रणाशनम्। यः कुर्यात्सततं विप्रो विष्णुलोके महीयते

prātaḥsnānaṁ mahāpuṇyaṁ sarvapāpapraṇāśanam yaḥ kuryātsatataṁ vipro viṣṇuloke mahīyate

Morning bathing is of great merit, destroying all sin; the brahmin who performs it constantly is exalted in the world of Vishnu.

Verse 21 (padma.1.49.21)

प्रातः संध्यासमीपे च यावद्दंडचतुष्टयम्। तावत्पानीयममृतं पितॄणामुपतिष्ठते

prātaḥ saṁdhyāsamīpe ca yāvaddaṁḍacatuṣṭayam tāvatpānīyamamṛtaṁ pitṝṇāmupatiṣṭhate

In the morning, near the twilight-hour, for as long as four dandas, the water offered then becomes ambrosia present for the ancestors.

Verse 22 (padma.1.49.22)

परतो घटिकायुग्मं यावद्यामैकमाह्निकम्। मधुतुल्यं जलं तस्मिन्पितॄणां प्रीतिवर्धनम्

parato ghaṭikāyugmaṁ yāvadyāmaikamāhnikam madhutulyaṁ jalaṁ tasminpitṝṇāṁ prītivardhanam

After that, for two ghatikas, until one yama of the day, the water is equal to honey, increasing the delight of the ancestors.

Verse 23 (padma.1.49.23)

ततस्तु सार्द्धयामैकं जलं क्षीरमयं स्मृतम्। क्षीरमिश्रं जलं तावद्यावद्दण्डचतुष्टयम्

tatastu sārddhayāmaikaṁ jalaṁ kṣīramayaṁ smṛtam kṣīramiśraṁ jalaṁ tāvadyāvaddaṇḍacatuṣṭayam

Then, for one and a half watches, the water is remembered as milk itself; the water mixed with milk continues for as long as four dandas.

Verse 24 (padma.1.49.24)

अतः परं च पानीयं यावद्धि प्रहरत्रयम्। तत्परं लोहितं प्रोक्तं यावदस्तंगतो रविः

ataḥ paraṁ ca pānīyaṁ yāvaddhi praharatrayam tatparaṁ lohitaṁ proktaṁ yāvadastaṁgato raviḥ

After this, the water continues for as long as three praharas; beyond that, until the sun sets, it is said to become like blood.

Verse 25 (padma.1.49.25)

चतुर्थप्रहरे स्नाने रात्रौ वा तर्पयेत्पितॄन्। तत्तोयं रक्षसामेव ग्रहणेन विना स्मृतम्

caturthaprahare snāne rātrau vā tarpayetpitṝn tattoyaṁ rakṣasāmeva grahaṇena vinā smṛtam

If one bathes and offers water to the ancestors in the fourth prahara, or at night, that water is remembered as belonging to the rakshasas, without acceptance by the ancestors.

Verse 26 (padma.1.49.26)

पानीयं सर्वसिर्द्ध्य्थं पुरैव निर्मितं मया। रक्षार्थं तस्य तोयस्य यक्षाश्चैव धुरंधराः

pānīyaṁ sarvasirddhythaṁ puraiva nirmitaṁ mayā rakṣārthaṁ tasya toyasya yakṣāścaiva dhuraṁdharāḥ

This water was created by me of old for the fulfillment of all things; for the protection of that water, the yakshas, bearers of the yoke, stand guard,

Verse 27 (padma.1.49.27)

न प्राप्नुवंति पितरो ये च लोकांतरं गताः। दुष्प्राप्यं सलिलं तेषामृते स्वान्मर्त्यवासिनः

na prāpnuvaṁti pitaro ye ca lokāṁtaraṁ gatāḥ duṣprāpyaṁ salilaṁ teṣāmṛte svānmartyavāsinaḥ

so that ancestors who have gone to another world do not easily obtain it; without their own descendants who dwell among mortals, that water is hard for them to obtain.

Verse 28 (padma.1.49.28)

तस्माच्छिष्यैश्च पुत्रैश्च पौत्रदौहित्रकादिभिः। बंधुवर्गैस्तथा चान्यैस्तर्पणीयं पितृव्रतैः

tasmācchiṣyaiśca putraiśca pautradauhitrakādibhiḥ baṁdhuvargaistathā cānyaistarpaṇīyaṁ pitṛvrataiḥ

Therefore, by disciples, sons, grandsons, daughters' sons and the like, by kinsmen and others too, devoted to their ancestors, water-offerings should be made.

Verse 29 (padma.1.49.29)

नारद उवाच। जलस्य दैवतं ब्रूहि तर्पणस्य विधिं मयि। यथा जानामि देवेश तत्वतो वक्तुमर्हसि

nārada uvāca jalasya daivataṁ brūhi tarpaṇasya vidhiṁ mayi yathā jānāmi deveśa tatvato vaktumarhasi

Narada said: "Tell me the deity of water, and the rite of tarpana — O lord of gods, please tell me truly, that I may know it."

Verse 30 (padma.1.49.30)

ब्रह्मोवाच। जलस्य देवता विष्णुःस र्वलोकेषु गीयते। जलपूतो भवेद्यस्तु विष्णुस्तच्छंकरो भवेत्

brahmovāca jalasya devatā viṣṇuḥsa rvalokeṣu gīyate jalapūto bhavedyastu viṣṇustacchaṁkaro bhavet

Brahma said: "The deity of water is Vishnu, so it is sung in all the worlds. He who is purified by water becomes dear to Vishnu, and that becomes auspicious for him."

Verse 31 (padma.1.49.31)

जलं गंडूषमात्रं तु पीत्वा पूतो भवेन्नरः। विशेषात्कुशसंसर्गात्पीयूषादधिकं जलम्

jalaṁ gaṁḍūṣamātraṁ tu pītvā pūto bhavennaraḥ viśeṣātkuśasaṁsargātpīyūṣādadhikaṁ jalam

"By drinking even a mouthful of water, a man becomes pure; especially through contact with kusha grass, water becomes even more excellent than nectar."

Verse 32 (padma.1.49.32)

सर्वदेवालयो दर्भो मयायं निर्मितः पुरा। कुशमूले भवेद्ब्रह्मा कुशमध्ये तु केशवः

sarvadevālayo darbho mayāyaṁ nirmitaḥ purā kuśamūle bhavedbrahmā kuśamadhye tu keśavaḥ

"Kusha grass is the abode of all the gods, fashioned by me of old; at the root of the kusha dwells Brahma, and in the middle of it, Keshava,"

Verse 33 (padma.1.49.33)

कुशाग्रे शंकरं विद्धि कुश एते प्रतिष्ठिताः। कुशहस्तः सदा मेध्यः स्तोत्रं मंत्रं पठेद्यदि

kuśāgre śaṁkaraṁ viddhi kuśa ete pratiṣṭhitāḥ kuśahastaḥ sadā medhyaḥ stotraṁ maṁtraṁ paṭhedyadi

"know Shankara to be at the tip of the kusha — these are established in the kusha. One holding kusha in hand is always pure; if he recites a hymn or mantra,"

Verse 34 (padma.1.49.34)

सर्वं शतगुणं प्रोक्तं तीर्थे साहस्रमुच्यते। कुशाः काशास्तथा दूर्वा यवपत्राणि व्रीहयः

sarvaṁ śataguṇaṁ proktaṁ tīrthe sāhasramucyate kuśāḥ kāśāstathā dūrvā yavapatrāṇi vrīhayaḥ

"its effect is said to be a hundredfold; at a sacred ford it is said to be a thousandfold. Kusha, kasha grass, durva grass, yava-leaves, rice grains,"

Verse 35 (padma.1.49.35)

बल्वजाः पुंडरीकाश्च कुशास्सप्त प्रकीर्तिताः। आनुपूर्व्येण मेध्याः स्युः कुशा लोके प्रतिष्ठिताः

balvajāḥ puṁḍarīkāśca kuśāssapta prakīrtitāḥ ānupūrvyeṇa medhyāḥ syuḥ kuśā loke pratiṣṭhitāḥ

"balvaja grass, and pundarika — these seven are proclaimed as kusha grasses. In sequence they are pure, and are established as sacred in the world."

Verse 36 (padma.1.49.36)

विना मंत्रेण यत्स्नानं सर्वं तन्निष्फलं भवेत्। अमृतात्स्वादुतामेति संस्पर्शाच्च तिलस्य च

vinā maṁtreṇa yatsnānaṁ sarvaṁ tanniṣphalaṁ bhavet amṛtātsvādutāmeti saṁsparśācca tilasya ca

"Bathing performed without mantra is entirely fruitless. Water attains a sweetness surpassing nectar through contact with sesame seeds."

Verse 37 (padma.1.49.37)

तस्माच्च तर्पयेन्नित्यं पितॄंस्तिलजलैर्बुधः। दशभिश्च तिलैस्तावत्पितॄणां प्रीतिरुत्तमा

tasmācca tarpayennityaṁ pitṝṁstilajalairbudhaḥ daśabhiśca tilaistāvatpitṝṇāṁ prītiruttamā

"Therefore the wise should always offer water mixed with sesame to the ancestors; with just ten sesame seeds, the delight of the ancestors becomes supreme."

Verse 38 (padma.1.49.38)

अग्निस्तंभभयाद्देवा न चेच्छन्त्यतिविस्तरम्। स्नात्वा यस्तर्पयेन्नित्यं तिलमिश्रोदकैः पितॄन्

agnistaṁbhabhayāddevā na cecchantyativistaram snātvā yastarpayennityaṁ tilamiśrodakaiḥ pitṝn

"Even the gods do not desire excessive elaboration. He who, having bathed, always offers water mixed with sesame to the ancestors,"

Verse 39 (padma.1.49.39)

नीलपंडविमोक्षेण त्वमावास्या तिलोदकैः। वर्षासु दीपदानेन पितॄणामनृणो भवेत्

nīlapaṁḍavimokṣeṇa tvamāvāsyā tilodakaiḥ varṣāsu dīpadānena pitṝṇāmanṛṇo bhavet

"by the release of a blue bull, on the new moon day with sesame-water, and by the gift of a lamp during the rains — one becomes free of debt to the ancestors."

Verse 40 (padma.1.49.40)

वत्सरैकममायां तु तर्पयेद्यस्तिलैः पितृन्। विनायकत्वमाप्नोति सर्वदेवैः प्रपूज्यते

vatsaraikamamāyāṁ tu tarpayedyastilaiḥ pitṛn vināyakatvamāpnoti sarvadevaiḥ prapūjyate

"He who, for one full year, offers sesame-water to the ancestors on every new-moon day, attains the state of a Vinayaka, and is worshipped by all the gods."

Verse 41 (padma.1.49.41)

युगाद्यासु च सर्वासु यस्तिलैस्तर्पयेत्पितॄन्। उक्तं यद्वाप्यमायां तु तस्माच्छतगुणाधिकम्

yugādyāsu ca sarvāsu yastilaistarpayetpitṝn uktaṁ yadvāpyamāyāṁ tu tasmācchataguṇādhikam

On all the beginning days of the yugas, whoever offers sesame-water to the ancestors — what was said as merit for the new-moon day becomes a hundredfold more from this.

Verse 42 (padma.1.49.42)

अयने विषुवे चैव राकामायां तथैव च। तर्पयित्वा पितृव्यूहं स्वर्गलोके महीयते

ayane viṣuve caiva rākāmāyāṁ tathaiva ca tarpayitvā pitṛvyūhaṁ svargaloke mahīyate

At the solstice, and at the equinox, and on the full-moon and new-moon days likewise, having offered water to the host of ancestors, one is exalted in the world of heaven.

Verse 43 (padma.1.49.43)

तथा मन्वंतराख्यायामन्यस्यां पुण्यसंस्थितौ। ग्रहणे चंद्रसूर्यस्य पुण्यतीर्थे गयादिषु

tathā manvaṁtarākhyāyāmanyasyāṁ puṇyasaṁsthitau grahaṇe caṁdrasūryasya puṇyatīrthe gayādiṣu

Likewise at the start of a Manvantara, and on any other sacred occasion; at an eclipse of the moon or sun, at a sacred ford, at Gaya and such places,

Verse 44 (padma.1.49.44)

तर्पयित्वा पितॄन्याति माधवस्य निकेतनम्। तस्मात्पुण्याहकं प्राप्य तर्पयेत्पितृसंचयम्

tarpayitvā pitṝnyāti mādhavasya niketanam tasmātpuṇyāhakaṁ prāpya tarpayetpitṛsaṁcayam

having offered water to the ancestors, one goes to the abode of Madhava. Therefore, having found an auspicious day, one should offer water to the whole company of ancestors.

Verse 45 (padma.1.49.45)

तर्पणं देवतानां च पूर्वं कृत्वा समाहितः। अधिकारी भवेत्पश्चात्पितॄणां तर्पणे बुधः

tarpaṇaṁ devatānāṁ ca pūrvaṁ kṛtvā samāhitaḥ adhikārī bhavetpaścātpitṝṇāṁ tarpaṇe budhaḥ

Having first, with focused mind, performed the water-offering to the gods, the wise one afterward becomes entitled to perform the water-offering to the ancestors.

Verse 46 (padma.1.49.46)

श्राद्धे भोजनकाले च पाणिनैकेन दापयेत्। उभाभ्यां तर्पणे दद्याद्विधिरेष सनातनः

śrāddhe bhojanakāle ca pāṇinaikena dāpayet ubhābhyāṁ tarpaṇe dadyādvidhireṣa sanātanaḥ

At a shraddha, at the time of feeding brahmins, one should give with one hand; but at tarpana, one should give with both hands — this is the eternal rule.

Verse 47 (padma.1.49.47)

दक्षिणाभिमुखो भूत्वा शुचिस्तु तर्पयेत्पितॄन्। तृप्यतामिति वाक्येन नामगोत्रेण वै पुनः

dakṣiṇābhimukho bhūtvā śucistu tarpayetpitṝn tṛpyatāmiti vākyena nāmagotreṇa vai punaḥ

Facing south, being pure, one should offer water to the ancestors, with the words 'May you be satisfied,' and again by name and gotra.

Verse 48 (padma.1.49.48)

अकृष्णैर्यत्तिलैर्मोहात्तर्पयेत्पितृसंचयम्। भूम्यां ददाति यदपो दाता चैव जले स्थितः

akṛṣṇairyattilairmohāttarpayetpitṛsaṁcayam bhūmyāṁ dadāti yadapo dātā caiva jale sthitaḥ

If, out of confusion, one offers water to the ancestors with the wrong kind of sesame; or if the giver, standing in water, pours the water onto the ground —

Verse 49 (padma.1.49.49)

वृथा तद्दीयते दानं नोपतिष्ठति कस्यचित्। स्थले स्थित्वा जले यस्तु प्रयच्छेदुदकं नरः

vṛthā taddīyate dānaṁ nopatiṣṭhati kasyacit sthale sthitvā jale yastu prayacchedudakaṁ naraḥ

such a gift is given in vain and reaches no one. And the man who, standing on dry land, offers water toward the water —

Verse 50 (padma.1.49.50)

नोपतिष्ठेत्पितॄणां तु सलिलं तन्निरर्थकम्। आर्द्रवासा जले यस्तु कुर्यादुदकतर्पणम्

nopatiṣṭhetpitṝṇāṁ tu salilaṁ tannirarthakam ārdravāsā jale yastu kuryādudakatarpaṇam

that water does not reach the ancestors; it is useless. But he who, in wet garments standing in water, performs the water-offering,

Verse 51 (padma.1.49.51)

पितरस्तस्य तृप्यंति सहदेवैस्सदानघ। रजकैः क्षालितं वस्त्रमशुद्धं कवयो विदुः

pitarastasya tṛpyaṁti sahadevaissadānagha rajakaiḥ kṣālitaṁ vastramaśuddhaṁ kavayo viduḥ

his ancestors are satisfied, along with the gods, O sinless one, always. A garment washed by a washerman — the wise know it to be ritually impure,

Verse 52 (padma.1.49.52)

हस्तप्रक्षालने चैव पुनर्वस्त्रं तु शुध्यति। शुष्कवासाः शुचौ देशे स्थाने यत्तर्पयेत्पितॄन्

hastaprakṣālane caiva punarvastraṁ tu śudhyati śuṣkavāsāḥ śucau deśe sthāne yattarpayetpitṝn

but by washing one's hands again, the garment becomes pure. If, in dry garments, in a pure place, one offers water to the ancestors,

Verse 53 (padma.1.49.53)

ततो दशगुणेनैव तुष्यंति पितरो ध्रुवम्। स्नानं संध्यां च पाषाणे खड्गे वा ताम्रभाजने

tato daśaguṇenaiva tuṣyaṁti pitaro dhruvam snānaṁ saṁdhyāṁ ca pāṣāṇe khaḍge vā tāmrabhājane

the ancestors are certainly satisfied only tenfold. Bathing and the twilight rite, performed on a stone, a sword, or in a copper vessel,

Verse 54 (padma.1.49.54)

तर्पणं कुरुते यस्तु प्रत्येकं च शताधिकम्। रौप्यांगुलीयं तर्जन्यां धृत्वा यत्तर्पयेत्पितॄन्

tarpaṇaṁ kurute yastu pratyekaṁ ca śatādhikam raupyāṁgulīyaṁ tarjanyāṁ dhṛtvā yattarpayetpitṝn

whoever performs tarpana in these ways, for each it becomes more than a hundredfold. If, wearing a silver ring on the index finger, one offers water to the ancestors,

Verse 55 (padma.1.49.55)

सर्वं च शतसाहस्रगुणं भवति नान्यथा। तथैवानामिकायां तु धृत्वा स्वर्णांगुलीं बुधः

sarvaṁ ca śatasāhasraguṇaṁ bhavati nānyathā tathaivānāmikāyāṁ tu dhṛtvā svarṇāṁgulīṁ budhaḥ

the whole effect becomes a hundred-thousand-fold, not otherwise. Likewise, the wise one, wearing a golden ring on the ring finger,

Verse 56 (padma.1.49.56)

तर्पयेत्पितृसंदोहं लक्षकोटिगुणं भवेत्। अंगुष्ठदेशिनी मध्ये सव्यहस्तस्य खड्गकम्

tarpayetpitṛsaṁdohaṁ lakṣakoṭiguṇaṁ bhavet aṁguṣṭhadeśinī madhye savyahastasya khaḍgakam

offers water to the whole host of ancestors — it becomes a hundred-thousand-crore-fold. Between the thumb and forefinger of the right hand,

Verse 57 (padma.1.49.57)

धृत्वानामिकया रत्नमंजलेरक्षयंफलं। स्नानार्थमभिगच्छंतं देवाः पितृगणैः सह

dhṛtvānāmikayā ratnamaṁjalerakṣayaṁphalaṁ snānārthamabhigacchaṁtaṁ devāḥ pitṛgaṇaiḥ saha

and holding a jewel with the ring finger, performing tarpana with a handful of water yields imperishable fruit. When one goes forth for the sake of bathing, the gods, together with the hosts of ancestors,

Verse 58 (padma.1.49.58)

वायुभूतानुगच्छंति तृषार्ताः सलिलार्थिनः। निराशास्ते निवर्तंते वस्त्रनिष्पीडनेन च

vāyubhūtānugacchaṁti tṛṣārtāḥ salilārthinaḥ nirāśāste nivartaṁte vastraniṣpīḍanena ca

follow along in the form of wind, tormented by thirst, seeking water. Disappointed, they turn back — and also because of the wringing out of one's wet garment.

Verse 59 (padma.1.49.59)

तस्मान्न पीडयेद्वस्त्रमकृत्वा पितृतर्पणम्। तिस्रःकोट्योऽर्धकोटी च यानि लोमानि मानुषे

tasmānna pīḍayedvastramakṛtvā pitṛtarpaṇam tisraḥkoṭyo'rdhakoṭī ca yāni lomāni mānuṣe

Therefore one should not wring out one's garment without having performed the water-offering to the ancestors. Three and a half crores are the hairs on a human body,

Verse 60 (padma.1.49.60)

स्रवंति सर्वतीर्थानि तस्मान्न परिपीडयेत्। देवाः पिबंति शिरसि श्मश्रुतः पितरस्तथा

sravaṁti sarvatīrthāni tasmānna paripīḍayet devāḥ pibaṁti śirasi śmaśrutaḥ pitarastathā

from which all sacred waters flow; therefore one should not squeeze roughly. The gods drink from the head, and the ancestors likewise from the beard,

Verse 61 (padma.1.49.61)

चक्षुषोरपि गंधर्वा अधस्तात्सर्वजंतवः। देवाः पितृगणाः सर्वे गंधर्वा जंतवस्तथा

cakṣuṣorapi gaṁdharvā adhastātsarvajaṁtavaḥ devāḥ pitṛgaṇāḥ sarve gaṁdharvā jaṁtavastathā

and the gandharvas from the eyes, and below, all creatures. The gods, all the hosts of ancestors, the gandharvas, and creatures likewise,

Verse 62 (padma.1.49.62)

स्नानमात्रेण तुष्यंति स्नानात्पापं न विद्यते। नित्यस्नानं च यः कुर्यात्स नरः पुरुषोत्तमः

snānamātreṇa tuṣyaṁti snānātpāpaṁ na vidyate nityasnānaṁ ca yaḥ kuryātsa naraḥ puruṣottamaḥ

are satisfied by the mere act of bathing; through bathing, no sin remains. The man who performs daily bathing is the best of men,

Verse 63 (padma.1.49.63)

सर्वपापैर्विनिर्मुक्तो नाकलोकेमहीयते। स्नानं तर्पणपर्यंतं देवा महर्षयो विदुः

sarvapāpairvinirmukto nākalokemahīyate snānaṁ tarpaṇaparyaṁtaṁ devā maharṣayo viduḥ

freed from all sins, he is exalted in the world of heaven. The gods and great sages know that bathing extends through the water-offering as one ritual unit.

Verse 64 (padma.1.49.64)

अतः परं च देवानां पूजनं कारयेद्बुधः। गणेशं पूजयेद्यस्तु विघ्नस्तस्य न जायते

ataḥ paraṁ ca devānāṁ pūjanaṁ kārayedbudhaḥ gaṇeśaṁ pūjayedyastu vighnastasya na jāyate

After this, the wise one should perform worship of the gods. Whoever worships Ganesha, no obstacle arises for him;

Verse 65 (padma.1.49.65)

आरोग्यार्थं च सूर्यं च धर्ममोक्षाय माधवम्। शिवं च कृत्यकामार्थं सर्वकामाय चंडिकाम्

ārogyārthaṁ ca sūryaṁ ca dharmamokṣāya mādhavam śivaṁ ca kṛtyakāmārthaṁ sarvakāmāya caṁḍikām

worship the Sun for health, Madhava for dharma and moksha, Shiva for the fulfillment of one's duties and desires, and Chandika for all desires.

Verse 66 (padma.1.49.66)

देवांस्तु पूजयित्वा तु वैश्वदेवबलिं चरेत्। वह्निकार्यं ततः कृत्वा यज्ञं ब्राह्मणतर्पणम्

devāṁstu pūjayitvā tu vaiśvadevabaliṁ caret vahnikāryaṁ tataḥ kṛtvā yajñaṁ brāhmaṇatarpaṇam

Having worshipped the gods, one should perform the Vaishvadeva offering; then, having performed the fire-rite, perform sacrifice, and the satisfaction of brahmins.

Verse 67 (padma.1.49.67)

देवानां सर्वसत्वानां पुनस्त्रिविष्टपं व्रजेत्। गतागतं स्थिरं कृत्वा कामान्मोक्षं सुखं दिवम्

devānāṁ sarvasatvānāṁ punastriviṣṭapaṁ vrajet gatāgataṁ sthiraṁ kṛtvā kāmānmokṣaṁ sukhaṁ divam

Through devotion to the gods and all beings, one again goes to heaven. Having made steady the cycle of coming and going, one obtains desires, liberation, happiness, and heaven.

Verse 68 (padma.1.49.68)

तस्मात्सर्वप्रयत्नेन नित्यं कर्माणि कारयेत्। नारद उवाच। किमर्थं च जलं तात देवाः पितृगणैः सह

tasmātsarvaprayatnena nityaṁ karmāṇi kārayet nārada uvāca kimarthaṁ ca jalaṁ tāta devāḥ pitṛgaṇaiḥ saha

Therefore one should always perform these duties with every effort. Narada said: "Why is it, father, that the gods, together with the hosts of ancestors,"

Verse 69 (padma.1.49.69)

न प्राप्नुवंति सर्वज्ञ लभंते मानवा यथा। ब्रह्मोवाच। पुरा सृष्टं मया तोयं सर्वदेवमयामृतम्

na prāpnuvaṁti sarvajña labhaṁte mānavā yathā brahmovāca purā sṛṣṭaṁ mayā toyaṁ sarvadevamayāmṛtam

"do not obtain water, O omniscient one, as easily as humans do?" Brahma said: "Long ago I created water, ambrosia made of all the gods."

Verse 70 (padma.1.49.70)

तस्यैव रक्षणार्थं च रक्षा यक्षा धनुर्धराः। घ्नंति ते पितरं देवमस्मद्वाक्यान्न मानुषम्

tasyaiva rakṣaṇārthaṁ ca rakṣā yakṣā dhanurdharāḥ ghnaṁti te pitaraṁ devamasmadvākyānna mānuṣam

"For the protection of that very water, guardian yakshas, bow-bearers, were appointed. By my command, they restrict even the ancestor or the god, but not the human."

Verse 71 (padma.1.49.71)

पशवः पक्षिणः कीटा मर्त्यलोके व्यवस्थिताः। मर्त्यजाताश्च देवा ये तथैव मानुषा ध्रुवम्

paśavaḥ pakṣiṇaḥ kīṭā martyaloke vyavasthitāḥ martyajātāśca devā ye tathaiva mānuṣā dhruvam

"Animals, birds, and insects are established in the world of mortals; and those gods who were born as mortals, and humans as well, certainly —"

Verse 72 (padma.1.49.72)

तर्पयित्वा गुरुं नित्यं सुरलोके प्रतिष्ठिताः। अस्नायी च मलं भुंक्ते अजपी पूयशोणितम्

tarpayitvā guruṁ nityaṁ suraloke pratiṣṭhitāḥ asnāyī ca malaṁ bhuṁkte ajapī pūyaśoṇitam

"having ever satisfied their elders with water-offerings, become established in the world of the gods. One who does not bathe eats filth; one who does not recite prayers eats pus and blood,"

Verse 73 (padma.1.49.73)

अकृत्वा तर्पणं नित्यं पितृहा चोपजायते। ब्रह्महत्यासमं पापं देवानामप्यपूजने

akṛtvā tarpaṇaṁ nityaṁ pitṛhā copajāyate brahmahatyāsamaṁ pāpaṁ devānāmapyapūjane

"and by not performing the daily water-offering, one becomes equivalent to a killer of ancestors. There is a sin equal to the killing of a brahmin even in the non-worship of the gods."

Verse 74 (padma.1.49.74)

सन्ध्याकृत्यमकृत्वा च सूर्यं हंति च पापकृत्। नारद उवाच। ब्राह्मणस्य सदाचारक्रमं ब्रूहि च कर्मणाम्

sandhyākṛtyamakṛtvā ca sūryaṁ haṁti ca pāpakṛt nārada uvāca brāhmaṇasya sadācārakramaṁ brūhi ca karmaṇām

"And by not performing the twilight rite, the sinner figuratively harms the sun." Narada said: "Tell me the order of good conduct and duties for a brahmin,"

Verse 75 (padma.1.49.75)

इतरेषां च वर्णानां प्रवृत्तमखिलं वद। ब्रह्मोवाच। आचाराल्लभते चायुराचाराल्लभते सुखम्

itareṣāṁ ca varṇānāṁ pravṛttamakhilaṁ vada brahmovāca ācārāllabhate cāyurācārāllabhate sukham

"and tell me all that pertains to the other castes as well." Brahma said: "From good conduct one obtains long life; from good conduct one obtains happiness;"

Verse 76 (padma.1.49.76)

आचारात्स्वर्गं मोक्षं च आचारो हंत्यलक्षणम्। अनाचारो हि पुरुषो लोके भवति निंदितः

ācārātsvargaṁ mokṣaṁ ca ācāro haṁtyalakṣaṇam anācāro hi puruṣo loke bhavati niṁditaḥ

"from good conduct, heaven and liberation; good conduct destroys ill-fortune. A man without good conduct becomes censured in the world,"

Verse 77 (padma.1.49.77)

दुःखभागी च सततं व्याधितोल्पायुरेव च। नरके नियतं वासो ह्यनाचारान्नरस्य च

duḥkhabhāgī ca satataṁ vyādhitolpāyureva ca narake niyataṁ vāso hyanācārānnarasya ca

"ever a sharer in sorrow, diseased and short-lived. A fixed dwelling in hell awaits a man because of bad conduct."

Verse 78 (padma.1.49.78)

आचाराच्च परं लोकमाचारं शृणु तत्त्वतः। गोमयेन गृहे नित्यं प्रकुर्यादुपलेपनम्

ācārācca paraṁ lokamācāraṁ śṛṇu tattvataḥ gomayena gṛhe nityaṁ prakuryādupalepanam

"From good conduct comes the higher world; hear the truth of good conduct: one should always plaster one's house with cow-dung,"

Verse 79 (padma.1.49.79)

प्रक्षालयेत्ततः पीठं काष्ठं पात्रं शिलातलम्। भस्मना कांस्यपात्रं तु ताम्रमम्लेनशुद्ध्यति

prakṣālayettataḥ pīṭhaṁ kāṣṭhaṁ pātraṁ śilātalam bhasmanā kāṁsyapātraṁ tu tāmramamlenaśuddhyati

"then wash one's seat, wooden implements, vessels, and stone surfaces. A bronze vessel is purified with ash; copper is purified with sour substances,"

Verse 80 (padma.1.49.80)

शिलापात्रं तु तैलेन फालंगो वालकेन तु। स्वर्णरौप्यादिपात्रं तु जलमात्रेण शुध्यति

śilāpātraṁ tu tailena phālaṁgo vālakena tu svarṇaraupyādipātraṁ tu jalamātreṇa śudhyati

"a stone vessel with oil, and certain other things by their own methods; vessels of gold, silver, and the like, are purified with water alone."

Verse 81 (padma.1.49.81)

अग्निना लोहपात्रं तु पाकप्रक्षालनेन तु। खननाद्दाहनाच्चैव उपलेपन धावनात्

agninā lohapātraṁ tu pākaprakṣālanena tu khananāddāhanāccaiva upalepana dhāvanāt

An iron vessel is purified by fire; by cooking and washing; by digging, by burning, by plastering, and by washing —

Verse 82 (padma.1.49.82)

पर्जन्यवर्षणाच्चैव भूरमेध्या विशुध्यति। तैजस्सानां मणीनां च सर्वस्याश्ममयस्य च

parjanyavarṣaṇāccaiva bhūramedhyā viśudhyati taijassānāṁ maṇīnāṁ ca sarvasyāśmamayasya ca

and by the falling of rain, an impure piece of ground is purified. Of metal objects, of gems, and of everything made of stone,

Verse 83 (padma.1.49.83)

भस्मभिर्मृत्तिकाभिश्च शुद्धिरुक्ता मया पुरा। शय्या भार्या शिशुर्वस्त्रमुपवीतं कमंडलुः

bhasmabhirmṛttikābhiśca śuddhiruktā mayā purā śayyā bhāryā śiśurvastramupavītaṁ kamaṁḍaluḥ

purification with ash and clay has been declared by me of old. One's bed, wife, child, garment, sacred thread, and water-pot —

Verse 84 (padma.1.49.84)

आत्मनः कथिताश्शुद्धा न परेषां कदाचन। न भुंजीतैकवस्त्रेण न स्नायादेकवाससा

ātmanaḥ kathitāśśuddhā na pareṣāṁ kadācana na bhuṁjītaikavastreṇa na snāyādekavāsasā

these are declared pure only when they are one's own, never when belonging to others. One should not eat while wearing a single garment, nor bathe in a single garment,

Verse 85 (padma.1.49.85)

न धारयेत्परस्यैवं स्नानवस्त्रं कदाचन। संस्कारं केशदंतानां प्रातरेव समाचरेत्

na dhārayetparasyaivaṁ snānavastraṁ kadācana saṁskāraṁ keśadaṁtānāṁ prātareva samācaret

and one should likewise never wear another's bathing-garment. The grooming of hair and teeth should be done only in the morning.

Verse 86 (padma.1.49.86)

गुरूणां च नमस्कारं नित्यमेव समाचरेत्। हस्तपादे मुखे चैव पंचार्द्रो भोजनं चरेत्

gurūṇāṁ ca namaskāraṁ nityameva samācaret hastapāde mukhe caiva paṁcārdro bhojanaṁ caret

One should always perform reverent salutation to one's elders. One should eat with hands, feet, and mouth washed — the 'five moist parts.'

Verse 87 (padma.1.49.87)

पंचार्द्रकस्तु भुंजानः शतं वर्षाणि जीवति। देवतानां गुरोराज्ञां स्नातकाचार्ययोरपि

paṁcārdrakastu bhuṁjānaḥ śataṁ varṣāṇi jīvati devatānāṁ gurorājñāṁ snātakācāryayorapi

He who eats with these five parts moist lives a hundred years. The shadow of the gods, of a guru's command, of a snataka, and of a teacher likewise,

Verse 88 (padma.1.49.88)

नाक्रामेत्कामतश्छायां विप्रस्य दीक्षितस्य च। गोगणं देवतं विप्रं घृतं मधु चतुष्पथम्

nākrāmetkāmataśchāyāṁ viprasya dīkṣitasya ca gogaṇaṁ devataṁ vipraṁ ghṛtaṁ madhu catuṣpatham

one should not deliberately step upon — nor that of a brahmin or an initiate. Cattle, a deity, a brahmin, ghee, honey, a crossroads,

Verse 89 (padma.1.49.89)

प्रदक्षिणं प्रकुर्वीत प्रख्यातांश्च वनस्पतीन्। गोविप्रावग्निविप्रौ च विप्रौ द्वौ दंपती तथा

pradakṣiṇaṁ prakurvīta prakhyātāṁśca vanaspatīn goviprāvagniviprau ca viprau dvau daṁpatī tathā

one should circumambulate, and also renowned trees. A cow and a brahmin, fire and a brahmin, two brahmins, and likewise a married couple —

Verse 90 (padma.1.49.90)

तयोर्मध्ये न गच्छेत स्वर्गस्थोपि पतेद्ध्रुवम्। उच्छिष्टो न स्पृशेदग्निं ब्राह्मणं दैवतं गुरुम्

tayormadhye na gaccheta svargasthopi pateddhruvam ucchiṣṭo na spṛśedagniṁ brāhmaṇaṁ daivataṁ gurum

one should not pass between them — even one dwelling in heaven would surely fall for doing so. One who has just eaten should not touch fire, a brahmin, a deity, or a guru,

Verse 91 (padma.1.49.91)

स्वशीर्षं पुष्पवृक्षं च यज्ञवृक्षमधार्मिकम्। त्रीणि तेजांसि नोच्छिष्ट उदीक्षेत कदाचन

svaśīrṣaṁ puṣpavṛkṣaṁ ca yajñavṛkṣamadhārmikam trīṇi tejāṁsi nocchiṣṭa udīkṣeta kadācana

one's own head, a flowering tree, or a sacrificial tree, or an unrighteous person. One who has just eaten should never look upon the three luminaries,

Verse 92 (padma.1.49.92)

सूर्याचंद्रमसावेवं नक्षत्राणि च सर्वशः। नेक्षेद्विप्रं गुरुं देवं राजानं यतिनां वरम्

sūryācaṁdramasāvevaṁ nakṣatrāṇi ca sarvaśaḥ nekṣedvipraṁ guruṁ devaṁ rājānaṁ yatināṁ varam

the sun and moon likewise, and the stars in every way. One should not look upon a brahmin, a guru, a deity, a king, the best of ascetics,

Verse 93 (padma.1.49.93)

योगिनं देवकर्माणं धर्माणां कथकं द्विजम्। नदीनां च प्रतीरे च पत्युश्च सरितां तथा

yoginaṁ devakarmāṇaṁ dharmāṇāṁ kathakaṁ dvijam nadīnāṁ ca pratīre ca patyuśca saritāṁ tathā

a yogi, one performing divine rites, a brahmin narrating dharma-tales. On the banks of rivers, and near the lord of rivers,

Verse 94 (padma.1.49.94)

यज्ञवृक्षस्य मूले च उद्याने पुष्पवाटके। शरीरस्य मलत्यागं न कुर्याज्जीवने तथा

yajñavṛkṣasya mūle ca udyāne puṣpavāṭake śarīrasya malatyāgaṁ na kuryājjīvane tathā

at the root of a sacrificial tree, in a garden, or a flower-grove, one should never relieve one's bodily wastes, nor near living things,

Verse 95 (padma.1.49.95)

विप्रस्यायतने गोष्ठे रम्ये राजपथेषु च। न क्षौरं कारयेद्धीरः कुजस्याह्नि कदाचन

viprasyāyatane goṣṭhe ramye rājapatheṣu ca na kṣauraṁ kārayeddhīraḥ kujasyāhni kadācana

in a brahmin's dwelling, a cowshed, a pleasant place, or on royal roads. The wise should never have a haircut on Tuesday,

Verse 96 (padma.1.49.96)

मलं न धारयेद्दंते नखं न वदने क्षिपेत्। तैलाभ्यंगं न कुर्वीत वासरे रविभौमयोः

malaṁ na dhārayeddaṁte nakhaṁ na vadane kṣipet tailābhyaṁgaṁ na kurvīta vāsare ravibhaumayoḥ

one should not retain dirt in the teeth; one should not put nail clippings in the mouth. One should not apply oil to the body on Sunday and Tuesday.

Verse 97 (padma.1.49.97)

स्वगात्रासनयोर्वाद्यं गुरोरेकासनादनम्। न हरेच्छ्रोत्रियस्वं च देवस्यापि गुरोरपि

svagātrāsanayorvādyaṁ gurorekāsanādanam na harecchrotriyasvaṁ ca devasyāpi gurorapi

One should avoid drumming on one's own body or seat, and eating on the same seat as one's guru. One should not take the property of a shrotriya, a god, or even a guru,

Verse 98 (padma.1.49.98)

राज्ञस्तपस्विनां चैव पंगोरंधस्य योषितः। पंथा देयो ब्राह्मणाय गोभ्यो राजभ्य एव च

rājñastapasvināṁ caiva paṁgoraṁdhasya yoṣitaḥ paṁthā deyo brāhmaṇāya gobhyo rājabhya eva ca

nor of a king, ascetics, a lame person, a blind person, or a woman. The right of way should be given to a brahmin, to cows, and to a king,

Verse 99 (padma.1.49.99)

रोगिणे भारतप्ताय गुर्विण्यै दुर्बलाय च। विवादं न च कुर्वीत नृप विप्र चिकित्सकैः

rogiṇe bhārataptāya gurviṇyai durbalāya ca vivādaṁ na ca kurvīta nṛpa vipra cikitsakaiḥ

to a sick person, one bearing a burden, a pregnant woman, and a weak one. One should not enter into dispute with kings, brahmins, or physicians.

Verse 100 (padma.1.49.100)

ब्राह्मणं गुरुपत्नीं च दूरतः परिवर्जयेत्। पतितं कुष्ठसंयुक्तं चांडालं च गवाशिनम्

brāhmaṇaṁ gurupatnīṁ ca dūrataḥ parivarjayet patitaṁ kuṣṭhasaṁyuktaṁ cāṁḍālaṁ ca gavāśinam

One should avoid dispute with a brahmin and one's guru's wife, keeping distance. A fallen person, one afflicted with leprosy, a chandala, a beef-eater,

Verse 101 (padma.1.49.101)

निर्धूतं ज्ञानहीनं च दूरतः परिवर्जयेत्। स्त्रियं दुष्टां च दुर्वृत्तामपवाद प्रदायिनीम्

nirdhūtaṁ jñānahīnaṁ ca dūrataḥ parivarjayet striyaṁ duṣṭāṁ ca durvṛttāmapavāda pradāyinīm

a destitute person, one devoid of knowledge — these should be avoided from a distance. A wicked and ill-behaved woman, one who spreads slander,

Verse 102 (padma.1.49.102)

कुकर्मकारिणीं दुष्टां सदैव कलहप्रियाम्। प्रमत्तामधिकांगीञ्च निर्लज्जां बाह्यचारिणीम्

kukarmakāriṇīṁ duṣṭāṁ sadaiva kalahapriyām pramattāmadhikāṁgīñca nirlajjāṁ bāhyacāriṇīm

one who does evil deeds, always fond of quarrels, one careless, immodest, shameless, one who roams about improperly —

Verse 103 (padma.1.49.103)

व्ययशीलामनाचारां दूरतः परिवर्जयेत्। मलिनां नाभिवंदेत गुरुपत्नीं कदाचन

vyayaśīlāmanācārāṁ dūrataḥ parivarjayet malināṁ nābhivaṁdeta gurupatnīṁ kadācana

one who is wasteful and of bad conduct — such a woman should be avoided from afar. One should never bow to a guru's wife who is unclean,

Verse 104 (padma.1.49.104)

न स्पृशेत्तां च मेधावी स्पृष्ट्वा स्नानेन शुद्ध्यति। स तया सह केलिं च वर्जयेच्च सदैव हि

na spṛśettāṁ ca medhāvī spṛṣṭvā snānena śuddhyati sa tayā saha keliṁ ca varjayecca sadaiva hi

and the wise should not touch her; if touched, he becomes purified by bathing. He should always avoid playful jesting with her,

Verse 105 (padma.1.49.105)

शृणुयाच्च वचो नूनं न पश्येच्च गुरोः स्त्रियम्। वधूं पुत्रस्य भ्रातुश्च स्वपुत्रीं युवतीं ध्रुवम्

śṛṇuyācca vaco nūnaṁ na paśyecca guroḥ striyam vadhūṁ putrasya bhrātuśca svaputrīṁ yuvatīṁ dhruvam

and should certainly listen to her words, but not gaze upon the guru's wife. Likewise, one's son's or brother's daughter-in-law, and one's own daughter once a young woman,

Verse 106 (padma.1.49.106)

अन्यां च गुरुपत्नीं च नेक्षेत्स्पर्शं न कारयेत्। ताभिः सह कथालापं तथा भ्रूभंगदर्शनम्

anyāṁ ca gurupatnīṁ ca nekṣetsparśaṁ na kārayet tābhiḥ saha kathālāpaṁ tathā bhrūbhaṁgadarśanam

and other such women, and the guru's wife — one should not gaze upon with desire nor touch. With them, one should avoid casual conversation, showing a frowning brow,

Verse 107 (padma.1.49.107)

कलहं निस्त्रपां वाणीं सदैव परिवर्जयेत्। न दद्याच्च सदा पादं तुषांगारास्थिभस्मसु

kalahaṁ nistrapāṁ vāṇīṁ sadaiva parivarjayet na dadyācca sadā pādaṁ tuṣāṁgārāsthibhasmasu

quarreling, and shameless speech, always. One should never place one's foot upon husks, embers, bones, or ashes,

Verse 108 (padma.1.49.108)

कार्पासास्थिषु निर्माल्ये चितिकाष्ठे चितौ गुरौ। शुष्कं मीनं न भक्षेत पूतिगंधिममेध्यकम्

kārpāsāsthiṣu nirmālye citikāṣṭhe citau gurau śuṣkaṁ mīnaṁ na bhakṣeta pūtigaṁdhimamedhyakam

cotton seeds, discarded flower-offerings, funeral wood, a pyre, or one's guru. One should not eat dried fish, foul-smelling or impure things,

Verse 109 (padma.1.49.109)

विघसं चान्यदुच्छिष्टं पाकार्थं च परस्य च। न स्थातव्यं न गंतव्यं क्षणमप्यसता सह

vighasaṁ cānyaducchiṣṭaṁ pākārthaṁ ca parasya ca na sthātavyaṁ na gaṁtavyaṁ kṣaṇamapyasatā saha

leftover food, or other people's leavings, nor food cooked for another. One should not stand or go, even for a moment, with a wicked person,

Verse 110 (padma.1.49.110)

न तिष्ठेच्च क्षणं धीरो दीपच्छाये कलिद्रुमे। अस्पृश्यैस्सह चालापं पतितैः कुपितैः सह

na tiṣṭhecca kṣaṇaṁ dhīro dīpacchāye kalidrume aspṛśyaissaha cālāpaṁ patitaiḥ kupitaiḥ saha

and the wise should not stand even a moment in the shadow of a lamp, or beneath an inauspicious tree. Conversation with untouchables, with fallen people, and with the angry,

Verse 111 (padma.1.49.111)

न कुर्यात्क्षणमात्रं तु कृत्वा गच्छेच्च रौरवम्। कनिष्ठं नाभिवंदेत पितृव्यं मातुलं तथा

na kuryātkṣaṇamātraṁ tu kṛtvā gacchecca rauravam kaniṣṭhaṁ nābhivaṁdeta pitṛvyaṁ mātulaṁ tathā

should not be engaged in even for a moment; if done, one goes to Raurava hell. One should not make a younger person bow first; toward a paternal uncle, and a maternal uncle,

Verse 112 (padma.1.49.112)

उत्थाय चासनं दद्यात्कृतांजल्यग्रतः स्थितः। तैलाभ्यक्तं तथोच्छिष्टमार्द्रवस्त्रं च रोगिणम्

utthāya cāsanaṁ dadyātkṛtāṁjalyagrataḥ sthitaḥ tailābhyaktaṁ tathocchiṣṭamārdravastraṁ ca rogiṇam

one should rise and offer a seat, standing before them with joined palms. One who is oiled, or who has just eaten, or in wet garments, or ill,

Verse 113 (padma.1.49.113)

पारावारगतोद्विग्नं वहंतं नाभिवादयेत्। यज्ञस्यांतर्गतं नष्टं क्रीडंतं स्त्रीजनैः सह

pārāvāragatodvignaṁ vahaṁtaṁ nābhivādayet yajñasyāṁtargataṁ naṣṭaṁ krīḍaṁtaṁ strījanaiḥ saha

one crossing a river anxiously, or carrying a burden — such a one should not be made to offer salutation. One engaged within a sacrifice, one who is fallen, one playing with women,

Verse 114 (padma.1.49.114)

बालक्रीडागतं चापि पुष्पयुक्तं कुशैर्युतम्। शिरः प्रावृत्य कर्णौ वा अप्सु मुक्तशिखोपि वा

bālakrīḍāgataṁ cāpi puṣpayuktaṁ kuśairyutam śiraḥ prāvṛtya karṇau vā apsu muktaśikhopi vā

one engaged in children's play, one adorned with flowers, one holding kusha grass, one with covered head or ears, or one in water with hair untied —

Verse 115 (padma.1.49.115)

अकृत्वा पादयोः पूजां नाचामेद्दक्षिणामुखः। उपवीतविहीनश्च नग्नको मुक्तकच्छकः

akṛtvā pādayoḥ pūjāṁ nācāmeddakṣiṇāmukhaḥ upavītavihīnaśca nagnako muktakacchakaḥ

without having washed one's feet, one should not sip water facing south. One without the sacred thread, one naked, one with loosened garment,

Verse 116 (padma.1.49.116)

एकवस्त्रपिधानश्च आचांतो नैव शुध्यति। मध्यमाभिर्मुखं पूर्वं तिसृभिः समुपस्पृशेत्

ekavastrapidhānaśca ācāṁto naiva śudhyati madhyamābhirmukhaṁ pūrvaṁ tisṛbhiḥ samupaspṛśet

one covered with only a single cloth — such a one, even having sipped water, is not purified. With the middle fingers, one should first touch the mouth three times;

Verse 117 (padma.1.49.117)

अंगुष्ठदेशिनीभ्यां च नासां च तदनंतरम्। अंगुष्ठानामिकाभ्यां च चक्षुषी समुपस्पृशेत्

aṁguṣṭhadeśinībhyāṁ ca nāsāṁ ca tadanaṁtaram aṁguṣṭhānāmikābhyāṁ ca cakṣuṣī samupaspṛśet

with the thumb and forefinger, next, the nose; with the thumb and ring finger, one should touch both eyes;

Verse 118 (padma.1.49.118)

कनिष्ठांगुष्ठतश्श्रोत्रे नाभिमंगुष्ठकेन तु। तलेन हृदयं न्यस्य सर्वाभिर्मस्तकोपरि

kaniṣṭhāṁguṣṭhataśśrotre nābhimaṁguṣṭhakena tu talena hṛdayaṁ nyasya sarvābhirmastakopari

with the little finger and thumb, the ears; with the thumb alone, the navel; with the palm, the heart; with all fingers, the crown of the head;

Verse 119 (padma.1.49.119)

बाहूचाग्रेण संस्पृश्य ततः शुद्धो भवेन्नरः। अनेनाचमनं कृत्वा मानवः प्रयतो भवेत्

bāhūcāgreṇa saṁspṛśya tataḥ śuddho bhavennaraḥ anenācamanaṁ kṛtvā mānavaḥ prayato bhavet

and with the fingertips, the arms — having touched thus, a man becomes purified. Having performed the sipping-rite in this way, a man becomes disciplined,

Verse 120 (padma.1.49.120)

सर्वपापैर्विनिर्मुक्तः स्वर्गं चाक्षयमश्नुते। प्राणस्त्रिपुटशृंग्या च व्यानोपानश्च मुद्रया

sarvapāpairvinirmuktaḥ svargaṁ cākṣayamaśnute prāṇastripuṭaśṛṁgyā ca vyānopānaśca mudrayā

freed from all sin, and attains imperishable heaven. The vital breath Prana is satisfied by the triple gesture, and Vyana and Apana by particular gestures,

Verse 121 (padma.1.49.121)

समानस्तु समस्ताभिरुदानस्तर्जनीं विना। नागः कूर्मश्च कृकरो देवदत्तो धनंजयः

samānastu samastābhirudānastarjanīṁ vinā nāgaḥ kūrmaśca kṛkaro devadatto dhanaṁjayaḥ

Samana is satisfied by all the fingers together, and Udana without the forefinger. Naga, Kurma, Krikara, Devadatta, and Dhananjaya —

Verse 122 (padma.1.49.122)

उपप्रीणंतु ते प्रीता येभ्यो भूमौ प्रदीयते। शयनं चार्द्रपादेन शुष्कपादेन भोजनम्

upaprīṇaṁtu te prītā yebhyo bhūmau pradīyate śayanaṁ cārdrapādena śuṣkapādena bhojanam

these subtle airs become satisfied by the water that is poured upon the ground. One should not sleep with wet feet, nor eat with dry, unwashed feet.

Verse 123 (padma.1.49.123)

नांधकारे च शयनं भोजनं नैव कारयेत्। पश्चिमे दक्षिणे चैव न कुर्याद्दंतधावनम्

nāṁdhakāre ca śayanaṁ bhojanaṁ naiva kārayet paścime dakṣiṇe caiva na kuryāddaṁtadhāvanam

One should not sleep, nor eat, in darkness. One should not clean one's teeth facing west or south.

Verse 124 (padma.1.49.124)

उत्तरे पश्चिमे चैव न स्वपेद्धि कदाचन। स्वप्नादायुः क्षयं याति ब्रह्महा पुरुषो भवेत्

uttare paścime caiva na svapeddhi kadācana svapnādāyuḥ kṣayaṁ yāti brahmahā puruṣo bhavet

One should never sleep with one's head to the north or west. Such sleep diminishes one's lifespan, and the man becomes as if a killer of a brahmin.

Verse 125 (padma.1.49.125)

न कुर्वीत ततः स्वप्नं शस्तं च पूर्वदक्षिणम्। आयुष्यं प्राङ्मुखो भुंक्तेऽयशस्यं दक्षिणामुखः

na kurvīta tataḥ svapnaṁ śastaṁ ca pūrvadakṣiṇam āyuṣyaṁ prāṅmukho bhuṁkte'yaśasyaṁ dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ

Therefore one should not sleep so; sleeping with head to the east or south is praised. Eating while facing east brings long life; facing south brings loss of fame;

Verse 126 (padma.1.49.126)

श्रियं प्रत्यङ्मुखो भुंक्ते यशो भुङ्क्त उदङ्मुखः। प्राच्यां नरो लभेदायुर्याम्यां प्रेतत्वमश्नुते

śriyaṁ pratyaṅmukho bhuṁkte yaśo bhuṅkta udaṅmukhaḥ prācyāṁ naro labhedāyuryāmyāṁ pretatvamaśnute

facing west brings prosperity; facing north brings fame. Facing east, a man obtains long life; facing south, he attains the state of a preta;

Verse 127 (padma.1.49.127)

वारुणे च भवेद्रोगी आयुर्वित्तं तथोत्तरे। देवानामेकभुक्तं तु द्विभुक्तं स्यान्नरस्य च

vāruṇe ca bhavedrogī āyurvittaṁ tathottare devānāmekabhuktaṁ tu dvibhuktaṁ syānnarasya ca

facing west, he becomes prone to disease; facing north, he gains long life and wealth. One meal a day is proper for gods; two meals a day is for ordinary men;

Verse 128 (padma.1.49.128)

त्रिभुक्तं प्रेतदैत्यस्य चतुर्थं कौणपस्य तु। निरामिषं हविर्देवा मत्स्यमांसादि मानुषाः

tribhuktaṁ pretadaityasya caturthaṁ kauṇapasya tu nirāmiṣaṁ havirdevā matsyamāṁsādi mānuṣāḥ

three meals is for pretas and daityas; a fourth kind of eating is for corpse-eating demons. The gods partake of meat-free oblations; humans eat fish, meat and the like;

Verse 129 (padma.1.49.129)

पूतिपर्युषितं दुष्टमन्ये भुंजंत्यनावृताः। स्वर्गस्थितानामिह जीवलोके चत्वारि तेषां हृदये च संति

pūtiparyuṣitaṁ duṣṭamanye bhuṁjaṁtyanāvṛtāḥ svargasthitānāmiha jīvaloke catvāri teṣāṁ hṛdaye ca saṁti

putrid, stale, and impure things are eaten by others, the uncovered ones. In this world of the living, those destined for heaven have four qualities present in their hearts —

Verse 130 (padma.1.49.130)

दानं प्रशस्तं मधुरा च वाणी देवार्चनं ब्राह्मणतर्पणं च। कार्पण्यवृत्तिस्वजनेषु निंदा कुचेलता नीचजनेषु भक्तिः

dānaṁ praśastaṁ madhurā ca vāṇī devārcanaṁ brāhmaṇatarpaṇaṁ ca kārpaṇyavṛttisvajaneṣu niṁdā kucelatā nīcajaneṣu bhaktiḥ

praiseworthy charity, sweet speech, worship of the gods, and satisfaction of brahmins. In contrast — a miserly disposition toward one's own kin, slander, shabbiness, and devotion to lowly people,

Verse 131 (padma.1.49.131)

अतीव रोषः कटुका च वाणी नरस्य चिह्नं नरकागतस्य। नवनीतोपमा वाणी करुणा कोमलं मनः

atīva roṣaḥ kaṭukā ca vāṇī narasya cihnaṁ narakāgatasya navanītopamā vāṇī karuṇā komalaṁ manaḥ

excessive wrath, and harsh speech — these are the marks of a man destined for hell. Speech like fresh butter, compassion, a gentle mind —

Verse 132 (padma.1.49.132)

धर्मबीजप्रसूतानामेतत्प्रत्यक्ष लक्षणम्। दयादरिद्रहृदयं वचः क्रकच कर्कशम्

dharmabījaprasūtānāmetatpratyakṣa lakṣaṇam dayādaridrahṛdayaṁ vacaḥ krakaca karkaśam

these are the visible marks of those born from the seed of dharma. A heart devoid of compassion, speech harsh as a saw —

Verse 133 (padma.1.49.133)

पापबीजप्रसूतानामेतत्प्रत्यक्ष लक्षणम्। श्रावयेच्छृणुयाद्वापि सदाचारादिकं नरः

pāpabījaprasūtānāmetatpratyakṣa lakṣaṇam śrāvayecchṛṇuyādvāpi sadācārādikaṁ naraḥ

these are the visible marks of those born from the seed of sin. A man who causes this to be recited, or who hears of this good conduct and the rest,

Verse 134 (padma.1.49.134)

आचारादेः फलं लब्ध्वा पापात्पूतोऽच्युतो दिवि

ācārādeḥ phalaṁ labdhvā pāpātpūto'cyuto divi

having obtained the fruit of good conduct and the rest, purified from sin, becomes imperishable in heaven.