The Lineage of the Pitris and the Rite of Shraddha

Verse 1 (padma.1.9.1)

भीष्म उवाच। भगवन्श्रोतुमिच्छामि पितॄणां वंशमुत्तमम्। रवेश्च श्राद्धदेवस्य सोमस्य च विशेषतः।

bhīṣma uvāca bhagavanśrotumicchāmi pitṝṇāṁ vaṁśamuttamam raveśca śrāddhadevasya somasya ca viśeṣataḥ

Bhishma said: O Lord, I wish to hear of the excellent lineage of the Pitris, and especially of the Sun as the deity of Shraddha, and of Soma.

Verse 2 (padma.1.9.2)

पुलस्त्य उवाच। हंत ते कथयिष्यामि पितॄणां वंशमुत्तमम्। स्वर्गे पितृगणाः सप्त त्रयस्तेषाममूर्तयः।

pulastya uvāca haṁta te kathayiṣyāmi pitṝṇāṁ vaṁśamuttamam svarge pitṛgaṇāḥ sapta trayasteṣāmamūrtayaḥ

Pulastya said: Well then, I shall tell you the excellent lineage of the Pitris. In heaven there are seven classes of Pitris; three of them are formless,

Verse 3 (padma.1.9.3)

मूर्तिमंतोथ चत्वारः सर्वेषाममितौजसां। अमूर्त्तयः पितृगणा वैराजस्य प्रजापतेः।

mūrtimaṁtotha catvāraḥ sarveṣāmamitaujasāṁ amūrttayaḥ pitṛgaṇā vairājasya prajāpateḥ

and four are embodied, all of immeasurable splendor. The formless classes of Pitris are the offspring of the Prajapati Viraja,

Verse 4 (padma.1.9.4)

यजन्ति यान्देवगणा वैराजा इति विश्रुताः। ये वै ते योगविभ्रष्टाः प्रापुर्लोकान्सनातनान्।

yajanti yāndevagaṇā vairājā iti viśrutāḥ ye vai te yogavibhraṣṭāḥ prāpurlokānsanātanān

whom the hosts of gods worship, and who are renowned as the Vairajas. Those who have fallen from yoga attain eternal worlds;

Verse 5 (padma.1.9.5)

पुनर्ब्रह्मदिनांते तु जायंते ब्रह्मवादिनः। संप्राप्य तां स्मृतिं भूयो योगं सांख्यमनुत्तमम्।

punarbrahmadināṁte tu jāyaṁte brahmavādinaḥ saṁprāpya tāṁ smṛtiṁ bhūyo yogaṁ sāṁkhyamanuttamam

at the end of Brahma's day they are born again as expounders of Brahman. Having regained that memory, devoted again to yoga and to unsurpassed Sankhya,

Verse 6 (padma.1.9.6)

सिद्धिं प्रयांति योगेन पुनरावृत्तिदुर्ल्लभाम्। योगिनामेव देयानि तस्माच्छाद्धानि दातृभिः।

siddhiṁ prayāṁti yogena punarāvṛttidurllabhām yogināmeva deyāni tasmācchāddhāni dātṛbhiḥ

they attain, through yoga, a perfection rarely followed by return. Therefore Shraddha offerings should be given by donors specifically to yogis.

Verse 7 (padma.1.9.7)

एतेषां मानसी कन्या पत्नी हिमवतो मता। मैनाकस्तस्य दायादः क्रौचस्तस्य सुतोभवत्।

eteṣāṁ mānasī kanyā patnī himavato matā mainākastasya dāyādaḥ kraucastasya sutobhavat

Their mind-born daughter is held to be the wife of Himavat. Mainaka was her heir, and Krauncha was his son,

Verse 8 (padma.1.9.8)

क्रौंचद्वीपः स्मृतो येन चतुर्थो धृतसंयुतः। मेना तु सुषवे तिस्रः कन्या योगवतीस्ततः।

krauṁcadvīpaḥ smṛto yena caturtho dhṛtasaṁyutaḥ menā tu suṣave tisraḥ kanyā yogavatīstataḥ

by whom the fourth continent, Krauncha-dvipa, is remembered. Mena then bore three daughters, devoted to Yoga —

Verse 9 (padma.1.9.9)

उमैकपर्णा पर्णा च तीव्रव्रतपरायणाः। रुद्रस्यैका भृगोश्चैका जैगीषव्यस्य चापरा।

umaikaparṇā parṇā ca tīvravrataparāyaṇāḥ rudrasyaikā bhṛgoścaikā jaigīṣavyasya cāparā

Uma, Ekaparna, and Parna, wholly devoted to severe vows — one became the wife of Rudra, one of Bhrigu, and another of Jaigishavya.

Verse 10 (padma.1.9.10)

दत्ता हिमवता बालाः सर्वलोकतपोधिकाः। पितॄणां लोकसंगीतं कथयामि शृणुष्व तत्।

dattā himavatā bālāḥ sarvalokatapodhikāḥ pitṝṇāṁ lokasaṁgītaṁ kathayāmi śṛṇuṣva tat

These maidens, foremost in austerity in all the worlds, were given in marriage by Himavat. Now I shall tell of the assembly of worlds of the Pitris; listen to that.

Verse 11 (padma.1.9.11)

लोकाः सोमपथा नाम यत्र मारीचनंदनाः। वर्त्तंते येन पितरो यान्देवा भावयन्त्यलम्।

lokāḥ somapathā nāma yatra mārīcanaṁdanāḥ varttaṁte yena pitaro yāndevā bhāvayantyalam

There are worlds called Somapatha, where dwell the Pitris descended from Marichi, by whom the gods are indeed nourished,

Verse 12 (padma.1.9.12)

अग्निष्वात्ता इति ख्याता यज्वानो यत्र संस्थिताः। अच्छोदा नाम तेषां तु कन्याभूद्वरवर्णिनी।

agniṣvāttā iti khyātā yajvāno yatra saṁsthitāḥ acchodā nāma teṣāṁ tu kanyābhūdvaravarṇinī

renowned as the Agnishvattas, sacrificers, established there. Their fair-formed daughter was named Achchhoda.

Verse 13 (padma.1.9.13)

अच्छोदं च सरस्तत्र पितृभिर्निर्मितं पुरा। अच्छोदाथ तपश्चक्रे दिव्यं वर्षसहस्रकम्।

acchodaṁ ca sarastatra pitṛbhirnirmitaṁ purā acchodātha tapaścakre divyaṁ varṣasahasrakam

And the lake called Achchhoda was made there by the Pitris of old. Achchhoda then performed austerity for a full thousand divine years.

Verse 14 (padma.1.9.14)

आजग्मुः पितरस्तुष्टा दास्यन्तः किल ते वरम्। दिव्यरूपधराः सर्वे दिव्यमाल्यानुलेपनाः।

ājagmuḥ pitarastuṣṭā dāsyantaḥ kila te varam divyarūpadharāḥ sarve divyamālyānulepanāḥ

The Pitris, pleased, came to grant her a boon, all bearing divine forms, wearing divine garlands and unguents,

Verse 15 (padma.1.9.15)

सर्वे प्रधाना बलिनः कुसुमायुधसन्निभाः। तन्मध्येमावसुं नाम पितरं वीक्ष्य सांगना।

sarve pradhānā balinaḥ kusumāyudhasannibhāḥ tanmadhyemāvasuṁ nāma pitaraṁ vīkṣya sāṁganā

all foremost and mighty, resembling Kama in beauty. Among them, seeing a Pitri named Amavasu, that lovely woman

Verse 16 (padma.1.9.16)

वव्रे वरार्थिनी संगं कुसुमायुधपीडिता। योगाद्भ्रष्टा तु सा तेन व्यभिचारेण भामिनी।

vavre varārthinī saṁgaṁ kusumāyudhapīḍitā yogādbhraṣṭā tu sā tena vyabhicāreṇa bhāminī

desired his company, seeking a boon, tormented by desire. And that beautiful woman, through that transgression, fell from her yogic state,

Verse 17 (padma.1.9.17)

धरान्न स्पृशते पूर्वं प्रयाताथ भुवस्तले। तथैवामावसुर्योयमिच्छां चक्रे न तां प्रति।

dharānna spṛśate pūrvaṁ prayātātha bhuvastale tathaivāmāvasuryoyamicchāṁ cakre na tāṁ prati

she who formerly did not even touch the earth now descended upon the surface of the earth. And Amavasu likewise felt no desire toward her,

Verse 18 (padma.1.9.18)

धैर्येण तस्य सा लोके अमावास्येति विश्रुता। पितॄणां वल्लभा यस्माद्दत्तस्याक्षयकारिका।

dhairyeṇa tasya sā loke amāvāsyeti viśrutā pitṝṇāṁ vallabhā yasmāddattasyākṣayakārikā

through his constancy; and she became renowned in the world as 'Amavasya'. Since she is the beloved of the Pitris, it renders whatever is given imperishable.

Verse 19 (padma.1.9.19)

अच्छोदाधोमुखी दीना लज्जिता तपसः क्षयात्। सा पितॄन्प्रार्थयामास पुनरात्मसमृद्धये।

acchodādhomukhī dīnā lajjitā tapasaḥ kṣayāt sā pitṝnprārthayāmāsa punarātmasamṛddhaye

Achchhoda, downcast, wretched, ashamed at the loss of her austerity, entreated the Pitris again for her own restoration.

Verse 20 (padma.1.9.20)

विलज्जमाना पितृभिरिदमुक्ता तपस्विनी। भविष्यमथ चालोक्य देवकार्यं च ते तदा।

vilajjamānā pitṛbhiridamuktā tapasvinī bhaviṣyamatha cālokya devakāryaṁ ca te tadā

To that ashamed ascetic woman, the Pitris then, having looked upon the future and the purpose of the gods, spoke this:

Verse 21 (padma.1.9.21)

इदमूचुर्महाभागाः प्रसाद शुभयागिरा। दिवि दिव्यशरीरेण यत्किंचित्क्रियते बुधैः।

idamūcurmahābhāgāḥ prasāda śubhayāgirā divi divyaśarīreṇa yatkiṁcitkriyate budhaiḥ

those most fortunate ones spoke thus, with auspicious, gracious words: 'Whatever is done in heaven by the wise, with a divine body—'

Verse 22 (padma.1.9.22)

तेनैव तत्कर्मफलं भुज्यते वरवर्णिनी। सद्यः फलंति कर्माणि देवत्वे प्रेत्यमानुषे।

tenaiva tatkarmaphalaṁ bhujyate varavarṇinī sadyaḥ phalaṁti karmāṇi devatve pretyamānuṣe

'the fruit of that deed is enjoyed by that very body, O fair one. Deeds bear fruit swiftly in divinity, but only after death for humans.'

Verse 23 (padma.1.9.23)

तस्मात्त्वं सुकृतं कृत्वा प्राप्स्यसे प्रेत्य यत्फलम्। अष्टाविंशे भवित्री त्वं द्वापरे मत्स्ययोनिजा।

tasmāttvaṁ sukṛtaṁ kṛtvā prāpsyase pretya yatphalam aṣṭāviṁśe bhavitrī tvaṁ dvāpare matsyayonijā

'Therefore, having done a meritorious deed, you shall obtain its fruit after death. In the twenty-eighth Dvapara, you shall be born from the womb of a fish.'

Verse 24 (padma.1.9.24)

व्यतिक्रमात्पितॄणां तु कष्टं कुलमवाप्स्यसि। तस्माद्राज्ञो वसोः कन्या त्वमवश्यं भविष्यसि।

vyatikramātpitṝṇāṁ tu kaṣṭaṁ kulamavāpsyasi tasmādrājño vasoḥ kanyā tvamavaśyaṁ bhaviṣyasi

'Because of this transgression against the Pitris, you shall attain a difficult lineage; you shall certainly become the daughter of King Vasu.'

Verse 25 (padma.1.9.25)

कन्यात्वे देवलोकांस्तान्पुनः प्राप्स्यसि दुर्ल्लभान्। पराशरस्य वीर्येण पुत्रमेकमवाप्स्यसि।

kanyātve devalokāṁstānpunaḥ prāpsyasi durllabhān parāśarasya vīryeṇa putramekamavāpsyasi

'In your maidenhood you shall again attain those rare worlds of the gods. By the potency of Parashara you shall obtain a single son,'

Verse 26 (padma.1.9.26)

द्वीपे तु बदरीप्राये बादरायणमप्युत। स वेदमेकं बहुधा विभजिष्यति ते सुतः।

dvīpe tu badarīprāye bādarāyaṇamapyuta sa vedamekaṁ bahudhā vibhajiṣyati te sutaḥ

'on an island abounding in jujube trees, named Badarayana. That son of yours shall divide the single Veda into many.'

Verse 27 (padma.1.9.27)

पौरवस्यात्मजौ द्वौ तु समुद्रांशस्य शंतनोः। विचित्रवीर्यस्तनयस्तथा चित्रांगदो नृपः।

pauravasyātmajau dvau tu samudrāṁśasya śaṁtanoḥ vicitravīryastanayastathā citrāṁgado nṛpaḥ

'And of Shantanu, of Puru's line, an incarnation of the ocean, you shall have two sons: the prince Vichitravirya, and King Chitrangada.'

Verse 28 (padma.1.9.28)

इमावुत्पाद्य तनयौ क्षेत्रजौ तस्य धीमतः। प्रौष्ठपद्यष्टकाभूयः पितृलोके भविष्यसि।

imāvutpādya tanayau kṣetrajau tasya dhīmataḥ prauṣṭhapadyaṣṭakābhūyaḥ pitṛloke bhaviṣyasi

'Having brought forth these two sons, and by that wise one, sons begotten by proxy as well, on the Prosthapadi Ashtaka day, you shall attain a place in the world of the Pitris.'

Verse 29 (padma.1.9.29)

नाम्ना सत्यवती लोके पितृलोके तथाष्टका। आयुरारोग्यदा नित्यं सर्वकामफलप्रदा।

nāmnā satyavatī loke pitṛloke tathāṣṭakā āyurārogyadā nityaṁ sarvakāmaphalapradā

'By the name Satyavati in the world, and as Ashtaka in the world of the Pitris, ever bestowing life and health, granting the fruit of every desire—'

Verse 30 (padma.1.9.30)

भविष्यसि परे लोके नदी त्वं च गमिष्यसि। पुण्यतोया सरिच्छ्रेष्ठा लोकेष्वच्छोदनामिका।

bhaviṣyasi pare loke nadī tvaṁ ca gamiṣyasi puṇyatoyā saricchreṣṭhā lokeṣvacchodanāmikā

'you shall become so in the world beyond; and you shall become a river, of sacred waters, foremost among rivers, known by the name Achchhoda.'

Verse 31 (padma.1.9.31)

इत्युक्ता सा गणैस्तैस्तु तत्रैवांतरधीयत। साप्यापचारित्रफलं मया यदुदितं पुरा।

ityuktā sā gaṇaistaistu tatraivāṁtaradhīyata sāpyāpacāritraphalaṁ mayā yaduditaṁ purā

Thus addressed by those hosts, she vanished right there. And she, too, experienced the fruit of her transgression, as declared by me before.

Verse 32 (padma.1.9.32)

विभ्राजो नाम ये चान्ये दिवि संति सुवर्चसः। लोका बर्हिषदो यत्र पितरः संति सुव्रताः।

vibhrājo nāma ye cānye divi saṁti suvarcasaḥ lokā barhiṣado yatra pitaraḥ saṁti suvratāḥ

There are other worlds, named Vibhraja, of great splendor, in heaven, where dwell the Pitris of good vows called Barhishads,

Verse 33 (padma.1.9.33)

यत्र बर्हिषि युक्तानि विमानानि सहस्रशः। संकल्पपादपा यत्र तिष्ठंति फलदायिनः।

yatra barhiṣi yuktāni vimānāni sahasraśaḥ saṁkalpapādapā yatra tiṣṭhaṁti phaladāyinaḥ

where, upon the sacred grass, are ranged aerial cars by the thousand, and where wish-fulfilling trees stand, bestowing fruit at one's very thought,

Verse 34 (padma.1.9.34)

यदभ्युदयशालासु मोदंते श्राद्धदायिनः। ये दानवासुरगणा गंधर्वाप्सरसां गणाः।

yadabhyudayaśālāsu modaṁte śrāddhadāyinaḥ ye dānavāsuragaṇā gaṁdharvāpsarasāṁ gaṇāḥ

where those who give Shraddha rejoice in halls of prosperity — and the hosts of Danavas and Asuras, the hosts of Gandharvas and Apsarases,

Verse 35 (padma.1.9.35)

यक्षरक्षोगणास्ते च यजंति दिवि देवताः। पुलस्त्यपुत्राः शतशस्तपोयोगबलान्विताः।

yakṣarakṣogaṇāste ca yajaṁti divi devatāḥ pulastyaputrāḥ śataśastapoyogabalānvitāḥ

the hosts of Yakshas and Rakshasas too worship the deities in heaven. The sons of Pulastya, by the hundreds, endowed with the power of austerity and yoga,

Verse 36 (padma.1.9.36)

महात्मानो महाभागा भक्तानामभयंकराः। एतेषां पीवरी कन्या मानसी दिवि विश्रुता।

mahātmāno mahābhāgā bhaktānāmabhayaṁkarāḥ eteṣāṁ pīvarī kanyā mānasī divi viśrutā

great-souled, most fortunate, bestowers of fearlessness upon their devotees — their mind-born daughter, named Pivari, is renowned in heaven.

Verse 37 (padma.1.9.37)

योगिनी योगमाता च तपश्चक्रे सुदारुणं। प्रसन्नो भगवांस्तस्या वरं वव्रे तु सा ततः।

yoginī yogamātā ca tapaścakre sudāruṇaṁ prasanno bhagavāṁstasyā varaṁ vavre tu sā tataḥ

A yogini, mother of yoga, she performed most severe austerity. The illustrious lord, pleased, and she then chose a boon —

Verse 38 (padma.1.9.38)

योगवंतं सुरूपं च भर्तारं विजितेंद्रियम्। देहि देव प्रसन्नस्त्वं यदि ते वदतां वर।

yogavaṁtaṁ surūpaṁ ca bhartāraṁ vijiteṁdriyam dehi deva prasannastvaṁ yadi te vadatāṁ vara

'grant me a husband devoted to yoga, of good form, and of subdued senses — if you, O god, best of speakers, are pleased, grant this.'

Verse 39 (padma.1.9.39)

उवाच देवो भविता व्यासपुत्रो यदा शुकः। भवित्री तस्य भार्या त्वं योगाचार्यस्य सुव्रता।

uvāca devo bhavitā vyāsaputro yadā śukaḥ bhavitrī tasya bhāryā tvaṁ yogācāryasya suvratā

The god said: 'When the son of Vyasa, Shuka, shall be born, you, of good vows, shall become the wife of that teacher of yoga.'

Verse 40 (padma.1.9.40)

भविष्यति च ते कन्या कृत्तीनामाथ योगिनी। पांचालपतये देया सात्वताय तु सा तदा।

bhaviṣyati ca te kanyā kṛttīnāmātha yoginī pāṁcālapataye deyā sātvatāya tu sā tadā

'And a daughter of yours shall be born, a yogini among the Krittis; she shall then be given to the lord of Panchala, of the Satvata line.'

Verse 41 (padma.1.9.41)

जननी ब्रह्मदत्तस्य योगसिद्धांतगा स्मृता। कृष्ण गौरश्च शंभुश्च भविष्यंति च ते सुताः।

jananī brahmadattasya yogasiddhāṁtagā smṛtā kṛṣṇa gauraśca śaṁbhuśca bhaviṣyaṁti ca te sutāḥ

'She is remembered as the mother of Brahmadatta, versed in the doctrine of yoga. And Krishna, Gaura, and Shambhu shall become your sons.'

Verse 42 (padma.1.9.42)

सर्वकामसमृद्धेषु विमानेष्वपि पावनाः। किं पुनः श्राद्धदा विप्रा भक्तिमंतः क्रियान्विताः।

sarvakāmasamṛddheṣu vimāneṣvapi pāvanāḥ kiṁ punaḥ śrāddhadā viprā bhaktimaṁtaḥ kriyānvitāḥ

They dwell purified in aerial cars abounding in every desire — how much more so those brahmins who give Shraddha with devotion and due rites.

Verse 43 (padma.1.9.43)

गौर्नाम कन्या येषां तु मानसी दिवि राजते। सुकन्या दयिता पत्नी साध्यानां कीर्तिवर्द्धिनी।

gaurnāma kanyā yeṣāṁ tu mānasī divi rājate sukanyā dayitā patnī sādhyānāṁ kīrtivarddhinī

Their mind-born daughter, named Gau, shines in heaven; the fair, beloved wife of the Sadhyas, an increaser of glory.

Verse 44 (padma.1.9.44)

मरीचिगर्भनामानो लोके मार्तंडमंडले। पितरो यत्र तिष्ठंति हविष्मंतोंगिरः सुताः।

marīcigarbhanāmāno loke mārtaṁḍamaṁḍale pitaro yatra tiṣṭhaṁti haviṣmaṁtoṁgiraḥ sutāḥ

In the world of the solar orb, the Pitris called Marichigarbha, sons of Angiras named Havishmants, abide there —

Verse 45 (padma.1.9.45)

तीर्थश्राद्धप्रदा यांति यत्र क्षत्रियसत्तमाः। राज्ञां तु पितरस्ते वै स्वर्गभोगफलप्रदाः।

tīrthaśrāddhapradā yāṁti yatra kṣatriyasattamāḥ rājñāṁ tu pitaraste vai svargabhogaphalapradāḥ

where the foremost of Kshatriyas who perform Shraddha at sacred fords go; those Pitris of kings grant the fruit of heavenly enjoyment.

Verse 46 (padma.1.9.46)

एतेषां मानसी कन्या यशोदा नाम विश्रुता। पत्नी यांशुमतः श्रेष्ठा स्नुषा पंचजनस्य च।

eteṣāṁ mānasī kanyā yaśodā nāma viśrutā patnī yāṁśumataḥ śreṣṭhā snuṣā paṁcajanasya ca

Their mind-born daughter, renowned as Yashoda, was the excellent wife of Anshuman, and daughter-in-law of Panchajana,

Verse 47 (padma.1.9.47)

जनन्यथ दिलीपस्य भगीरथपितामही। लोकाः कामदुघा नाम कामभोगफलप्रदाः।

jananyatha dilīpasya bhagīrathapitāmahī lokāḥ kāmadughā nāma kāmabhogaphalapradāḥ

the mother of Dilipa, and the grandmother of Bhagiratha. There are worlds called Kamadugha, granting the fruit of every desired enjoyment,

Verse 48 (padma.1.9.48)

सुस्वधा नाम पितरो यत्र तिष्ठन्ति ते सुताः। आज्यपा नाम लोकेषु कर्दमस्य प्रजापतेः।

susvadhā nāma pitaro yatra tiṣṭhanti te sutāḥ ājyapā nāma lokeṣu kardamasya prajāpateḥ

where the Pitris called Susvadha, sons of the Prajapati Kardama, called Ajyapas among the worlds, abide,

Verse 49 (padma.1.9.49)

पुलहाग्रजदायादा वैश्यास्तान्भावयंति ह। यत्र श्राद्धकृतः सर्वे पश्यंति युगपद्गताः।

pulahāgrajadāyādā vaiśyāstānbhāvayaṁti ha yatra śrāddhakṛtaḥ sarve paśyaṁti yugapadgatāḥ

heirs of him who was born before Pulaha; Vaishyas worship them — there, all who perform Shraddha see simultaneously,

Verse 50 (padma.1.9.50)

मातृभ्रातृपितृस्वसॄः सखिसंबंधिबांधवान्। अपिजन्मायुतैर्दृष्टाननुभूतान्सहस्रशः।

mātṛbhrātṛpitṛsvasṝḥ sakhisaṁbaṁdhibāṁdhavān apijanmāyutairdṛṣṭānanubhūtānsahasraśaḥ

mother, brother, father, sisters, friends, relatives and kinsmen — even those seen and known across ten thousand births, by the thousands.

Verse 51 (padma.1.9.51)

एतेषां मानसी कन्या विरजा नाम विश्रुता। सा पत्नी नहुषस्यासीद्ययातेर्जननी तथा।

eteṣāṁ mānasī kanyā virajā nāma viśrutā sā patnī nahuṣasyāsīdyayāterjananī tathā

Their mind-born daughter, renowned by the name Viraja, was the wife of Nahusha, and the mother of Yayati as well.

Verse 52 (padma.1.9.52)

एषाष्टकाभवत्पश्चाद्ब्रह्मलोकगता सती। त्रय एते गणाः प्रोक्ताश्चतुर्थं तु वदाम्यहम्।

eṣāṣṭakābhavatpaścādbrahmalokagatā satī traya ete gaṇāḥ proktāścaturthaṁ tu vadāmyaham

She later became Ashtaka, having attained Brahmaloka, a virtuous woman. These three classes have been declared; now I shall tell of the fourth.

Verse 53 (padma.1.9.53)

लोकाः सुमनसो नाम ब्रह्मलोकोपरिस्थिताः। सोमपा नाम पितरो यत्र तिष्ठंति शाश्वतं।

lokāḥ sumanaso nāma brahmalokoparisthitāḥ somapā nāma pitaro yatra tiṣṭhaṁti śāśvataṁ

There are worlds called Sumanas, situated above Brahmaloka, where the Pitris called Somapas dwell eternally,

Verse 54 (padma.1.9.54)

धर्ममूर्तिधराः सर्वे परतो ब्रह्मणः स्मृताः। उत्पन्नाः प्रलयांते तु ब्रह्मत्वं प्राप्य योगिनः।

dharmamūrtidharāḥ sarve parato brahmaṇaḥ smṛtāḥ utpannāḥ pralayāṁte tu brahmatvaṁ prāpya yoginaḥ

all bearing the very form of dharma, remembered as being beyond Brahma, born at the end of dissolution, yogis who have attained the state of Brahma,

Verse 55 (padma.1.9.55)

कृत्वा सृष्ट्यादिकं सर्वे मानसे सांप्रतं स्थिताः। नर्मदा नाम तेषां तु कन्या तोयवहा सरित्।

kṛtvā sṛṣṭyādikaṁ sarve mānase sāṁprataṁ sthitāḥ narmadā nāma teṣāṁ tu kanyā toyavahā sarit

having performed the primal creation, all now abide in a state of pure mind. Their daughter, named Narmada, is a river bearing waters,

Verse 56 (padma.1.9.56)

भूतानि पुनती या तु पश्चिमोदधिगामिनी। तेभ्यः सर्वत्र मनुजाः प्रजासर्गे च निर्मितम्।

bhūtāni punatī yā tu paścimodadhigāminī tebhyaḥ sarvatra manujāḥ prajāsarge ca nirmitam

purifying all beings, flowing to the western ocean. From them, human beings everywhere, in the creation of progeny, were fashioned,

Verse 57 (padma.1.9.57)

ज्ञात्वा श्राद्धानि कुर्वंति धर्मभावेन सर्वदा। सर्वदा तेभ्य एवास्य प्रसादाद्योगसंततिः।

jñātvā śrāddhāni kurvaṁti dharmabhāvena sarvadā sarvadā tebhya evāsya prasādādyogasaṁtatiḥ

and, knowing this, they always perform Shraddha rites out of a sense of dharma. It is always by their grace alone that the succession of yoga continues.

Verse 58 (padma.1.9.58)

पितॄणामादिसर्गे तु श्राद्धमेवं विनिर्मितम्। सर्वेषां राजतं पात्रमथवा राजतान्वितम्।

pitṝṇāmādisarge tu śrāddhamevaṁ vinirmitam sarveṣāṁ rājataṁ pātramathavā rājatānvitam

Thus was the Shraddha rite established at the primal creation of the Pitris. For all of them a silver vessel, or one adorned with silver,

Verse 59 (padma.1.9.59)

दत्तं स्वधां पुरोधाय पितॄन्प्रीणाति सर्वदा। आग्नीध्रसोमपाभ्यां तु कार्यमाप्यायनं बुधैः।

dattaṁ svadhāṁ purodhāya pitṝnprīṇāti sarvadā āgnīdhrasomapābhyāṁ tu kāryamāpyāyanaṁ budhaiḥ

given, with the utterance of Svadha placed foremost, always satisfies the Pitris. And nourishment should be performed by the wise through Agnidhra and Somapa rites,

Verse 60 (padma.1.9.60)

अग्न्यभावे तु विप्रस्य पाणौ वाथ जलेपि वा। अजाकर्णेश्वकर्णे वा गोष्ठे वाथ शिवांतिके।

agnyabhāve tu viprasya pāṇau vātha jalepi vā ajākarṇeśvakarṇe vā goṣṭhe vātha śivāṁtike

or, in the absence of a sacred fire, in a brahmin's hand, or in water, or in a goat's ear, or a horse's ear, or in a cow-pen, or near a Shiva shrine.

Verse 61 (padma.1.9.61)

पितॄणाममलं स्थानं दक्षिणादिक्प्रशस्यते। प्राचीनावीतमुदकं तिलसंत्यागमेव च।

pitṝṇāmamalaṁ sthānaṁ dakṣiṇādikpraśasyate prācīnāvītamudakaṁ tilasaṁtyāgameva ca

A pure place is recommended for the Pitris, facing the southern direction; the sacred thread worn over the right shoulder, water, and the offering of sesame,

Verse 62 (padma.1.9.62)

खड्गिगनामामिषं चैवमन्नं श्यामाकशालयः। यवनीवारमुद्गेक्षु शुक्लपुष्प फलानि च।

khaḍgiganāmāmiṣaṁ caivamannaṁ śyāmākaśālayaḥ yavanīvāramudgekṣu śuklapuṣpa phalāni ca

the meat of the rhinoceros likewise, and food of Shyamaka and Shali rice, barley, Nivara rice, mung beans, sugarcane, and white flowers and fruits —

Verse 63 (padma.1.9.63)

वल्लभानि प्रशस्तानि पितॄणामिह सर्वदा। दर्भा माषष्षष्टिकान्नं गोक्षीरं मधुसर्पिषी।

vallabhāni praśastāni pitṝṇāmiha sarvadā darbhā māṣaṣṣaṣṭikānnaṁ gokṣīraṁ madhusarpiṣī

these are always dear and recommended for the Pitris. Kusha grass, black gram, sixty-day rice, cow's milk, honey, and ghee,

Verse 64 (padma.1.9.64)

शस्त्राणि च प्रवक्ष्यामि श्राद्धे वर्ज्यानि यानि च। मसूर शण निष्पावा राजमाषाः कुलुत्थकाः।

śastrāṇi ca pravakṣyāmi śrāddhe varjyāni yāni ca masūra śaṇa niṣpāvā rājamāṣāḥ kulutthakāḥ

and now I shall tell what is to be avoided in a Shraddha: lentils, hemp, flat beans, kidney beans, horse-gram,

Verse 65 (padma.1.9.65)

पद्म बिल्वार्कादुत्तूर पारिभद्राटरूषकाः। न देयाः पितृकार्येषु पयश्चाजाविकं तथा।

padma bilvārkāduttūra pāribhadrāṭarūṣakāḥ na deyāḥ pitṛkāryeṣu payaścājāvikaṁ tathā

lotus, bilva, arka, thorn-apple, parijata and adhatoda leaves — these are not to be offered in rites for the Pitris, and likewise not goat's or sheep's milk,

Verse 66 (padma.1.9.66)

कोद्रवोदारवरटकपित्थं मधुकातसी। एतान्यपि न देयानि पितॄभ्यः श्रियमिच्छता।

kodravodāravaraṭakapitthaṁ madhukātasī etānyapi na deyāni pitṝbhyaḥ śriyamicchatā

kodrava millet, udara, varataka, wood-apple, mahua, and flax — these too should not be offered to the Pitris by one who desires prosperity.

Verse 67 (padma.1.9.67)

पितृन्प्रीणाति यो भक्त्या ते पुनः प्रीणयंति तं। यच्छंति पितरः पुष्टिं स्वांगारोग्यं प्रजाफलम्।

pitṛnprīṇāti yo bhaktyā te punaḥ prīṇayaṁti taṁ yacchaṁti pitaraḥ puṣṭiṁ svāṁgārogyaṁ prajāphalam

Whoever satisfies the Pitris with devotion, they in turn satisfy him; the Pitris grant prosperity, health of one's own limbs, and the fruit of progeny.

Verse 68 (padma.1.9.68)

देवकार्यादपि पुनः पितृकार्यं विशिष्यते। देवताभ्यः पितॄणां तु पूर्वमाप्यायनं स्मृतम्।

devakāryādapi punaḥ pitṛkāryaṁ viśiṣyate devatābhyaḥ pitṝṇāṁ tu pūrvamāpyāyanaṁ smṛtam

Rites for the Pitris are indeed distinguished as more important even than rites for the gods; the nourishment of the Pitris is remembered as coming even before that of the deities.

Verse 69 (padma.1.9.69)

शीघ्रप्रसादास्त्वक्रोधा निस्संगाः स्थिर सौहृदाः। शांतात्मानः शौचपराः सततं प्रियवादिनः।

śīghraprasādāstvakrodhā nissaṁgāḥ sthira sauhṛdāḥ śāṁtātmānaḥ śaucaparāḥ satataṁ priyavādinaḥ

Easily pleased, free of anger, unattached, of steady goodwill, of peaceful nature, devoted to purity, ever speaking kindly —

Verse 70 (padma.1.9.70)

भक्तानुरक्ताः सुखदाः पितरः पर्वदेवताः। हविष्मतामाधिपत्ये श्राद्धदेवः स्मृतो रविः।

bhaktānuraktāḥ sukhadāḥ pitaraḥ parvadevatāḥ haviṣmatāmādhipatye śrāddhadevaḥ smṛto raviḥ

loving to their devotees, givers of happiness, are the Pitris, the deities of sacred occasions. Over the Havishmants, the Sun is remembered as the presiding deity of Shraddha.

Verse 71 (padma.1.9.71)

एतद्धि सर्वमाख्यातं पितृवंशानुकीर्त्तनम्। पुण्यं पवित्रमारोग्यं कीर्त्तनीयं नृभिः सदा।

etaddhi sarvamākhyātaṁ pitṛvaṁśānukīrttanam puṇyaṁ pavitramārogyaṁ kīrttanīyaṁ nṛbhiḥ sadā

All this, the recitation of the lineage of the Pitris, has thus been declared — meritorious, purifying, health-giving, and ever to be recited by men.

Verse 72 (padma.1.9.72)

भीष्म उवाच। श्रुत्वैतदखिलं भूयः पराभक्तिरुपस्थिता। श्राद्धकालं विधिं चैव श्राद्धमेव तथैव च।

bhīṣma uvāca śrutvaitadakhilaṁ bhūyaḥ parābhaktirupasthitā śrāddhakālaṁ vidhiṁ caiva śrāddhameva tathaiva ca

Bhishma said: Having heard all this, supreme devotion has arisen in me once more. Now tell me the time for Shraddha, and the rite, and the Shraddha itself,

Verse 73 (padma.1.9.73)

श्राद्धेषु भोजनीया ये श्राद्धवर्ज्या द्विजातयः। कस्मिन्वासरभागे तु पितृभ्यः श्राद्धमारभेत्।

śrāddheṣu bhojanīyā ye śrāddhavarjyā dvijātayaḥ kasminvāsarabhāge tu pitṛbhyaḥ śrāddhamārabhet

and which twice-borns are to be fed at Shraddhas, and which are to be excluded; and at what part of the day one should begin the Shraddha for the Pitris,

Verse 74 (padma.1.9.74)

अन्नं दत्तं कथं याति श्राद्धे वै ब्रह्मवित्तम। विधिना केन कर्त्तव्यं कथं प्रीणाति तान्पितॄन्।

annaṁ dattaṁ kathaṁ yāti śrāddhe vai brahmavittama vidhinā kena karttavyaṁ kathaṁ prīṇāti tānpitṝn

and how the food given in a Shraddha reaches them, O foremost knower of Brahman; by what rite it should be performed, and how it satisfies those Pitris.

Verse 75 (padma.1.9.75)

पुलस्त्य उवाच। कुर्यादहरहः श्राद्धमन्नाद्येनोदकेन च। पयोमूलफलैर्वापि पितृभ्यः प्रीतिमावहन्।

pulastya uvāca kuryādaharahaḥ śrāddhamannādyenodakena ca payomūlaphalairvāpi pitṛbhyaḥ prītimāvahan

Pulastya said: One should perform a Shraddha daily, with food and drink, or with milk, roots, or fruits, bringing satisfaction to the Pitris.

Verse 76 (padma.1.9.76)

नित्यं नैमित्तिकं काम्यं त्रिविधं श्राद्धमुच्यते। नित्यं तावत्प्रवक्ष्यामि अर्घ्यावाहनवर्जितम्।

nityaṁ naimittikaṁ kāmyaṁ trividhaṁ śrāddhamucyate nityaṁ tāvatpravakṣyāmi arghyāvāhanavarjitam

Shraddha is said to be threefold: obligatory daily, occasional, and desire-motivated. I shall first tell of the daily one, without arghya or invocation.

Verse 77 (padma.1.9.77)

अदैवतं विजानीयात्पार्वणं पर्व सुस्मृतम्। पार्वणं त्रिविधं प्रोक्तं शृणु यत्नान्महीपते।

adaivataṁ vijānīyātpārvaṇaṁ parva susmṛtam pārvaṇaṁ trividhaṁ proktaṁ śṛṇu yatnānmahīpate

One should know it as without a deity invoked. The Parvana rite is well remembered. The Parvana is said to be threefold; listen attentively, O king.

Verse 78 (padma.1.9.78)

पार्वणेय नियोज्यास्तु तान्शृणुष्व नराधिप। पंचाग्निः स्नातकश्चैव त्रिसौपर्णः षडंगवित्।

pārvaṇeya niyojyāstu tānśṛṇuṣva narādhipa paṁcāgniḥ snātakaścaiva trisauparṇaḥ ṣaḍaṁgavit

Hear, O king, who are to be engaged for the Parvana: one who tends the five sacred fires, a graduate, one versed in the triple Suparna hymn, one who knows the six auxiliary sciences,

Verse 79 (padma.1.9.79)

श्रोत्रियः श्रोत्रियसुतो विधिवाक्यविशारदः। सर्वज्ञो वेदवान्मंत्री ज्ञानवंशकुलान्वितः।

śrotriyaḥ śrotriyasuto vidhivākyaviśāradaḥ sarvajño vedavānmaṁtrī jñānavaṁśakulānvitaḥ

a Shrotriya, son of a Shrotriya, skilled in ritual formulas, all-knowing, versed in the Vedas, a reciter of mantras, endowed with a lineage of knowledge,

Verse 80 (padma.1.9.80)

त्रिणाचिकेतस्त्रिमधुः श्रुतेष्वन्येषु संस्थितः। पुराणवेत्ता ब्रह्मज्ञः स्वाध्यायी जपतत्परः।

triṇāciketastrimadhuḥ śruteṣvanyeṣu saṁsthitaḥ purāṇavettā brahmajñaḥ svādhyāyī japatatparaḥ

one versed in the three Nachiketa fires and the three Madhu hymns, established in other branches of the Vedas, a knower of the Puranas, of Brahman, devoted to recitation and japa,

Verse 81 (padma.1.9.81)

ब्रह्मभक्तः पितृपरः सूर्यभक्तोथ वैष्णवः। ब्राह्मणो योगनिष्ठात्मा विजितात्मा सुशीलवान्।

brahmabhaktaḥ pitṛparaḥ sūryabhaktotha vaiṣṇavaḥ brāhmaṇo yoganiṣṭhātmā vijitātmā suśīlavān

devoted to Brahman, devoted to the Pitris, devoted to the Sun, or a devotee of Vishnu, a brahmin established in yoga, self-controlled, of good conduct —

Verse 82 (padma.1.9.82)

एते तोष्याः प्रयत्नेन वर्जनीयानिमान्शृणु। पतितस्तत्सुतः क्लीबः पिशुनो व्यंगरोगितः।

ete toṣyāḥ prayatnena varjanīyānimānśṛṇu patitastatsutaḥ klībaḥ piśuno vyaṁgarogitaḥ

such men are to be diligently satisfied; now hear those who are to be excluded: a fallen man or his son, a eunuch, a slanderer, one deformed or diseased,

Verse 83 (padma.1.9.83)

सर्वे ते श्राद्धकाले तु त्याज्या वै धर्मदर्शिभिः। पूर्वेद्युरपरेद्युर्वा विनीतांश्च निमंत्रयेत्।

sarve te śrāddhakāle tu tyājyā vai dharmadarśibhiḥ pūrvedyuraparedyurvā vinītāṁśca nimaṁtrayet

all these are to be avoided at the time of Shraddha by those who discern dharma. On the day before, or on the day itself, one should invite well-disciplined brahmins.

Verse 84 (padma.1.9.84)

निमंत्रितांश्च पितर उपतिष्ठंति तान्द्विजान्। वायुभूतानि गच्छंति तथासीनानुपासते।

nimaṁtritāṁśca pitara upatiṣṭhaṁti tāndvijān vāyubhūtāni gacchaṁti tathāsīnānupāsate

When these twice-borns have been invited, the Pitris draw near to them; having become like the wind, they go with them, and wait upon them when seated.

Verse 85 (padma.1.9.85)

दक्षिणं जानुचालभ्य वामं पात्यनिमंत्रयेत्। अक्रोधनैः शौचपरैः सुस्नातैर्ब्रह्मवादिभिः।

dakṣiṇaṁ jānucālabhya vāmaṁ pātyanimaṁtrayet akrodhanaiḥ śaucaparaiḥ susnātairbrahmavādibhiḥ

Touching the right knee and placing the left, one should invite them: 'You must be free from anger, devoted to purity, well-bathed, expounders of Brahman,'

Verse 86 (padma.1.9.86)

भवितव्यं भवद्भिस्तु मया च श्राद्धकर्मणि। पितृयज्ञं विनिर्वर्त्य तर्पणाख्यं तु योग्निमान्।

bhavitavyaṁ bhavadbhistu mayā ca śrāddhakarmaṇi pitṛyajñaṁ vinirvartya tarpaṇākhyaṁ tu yognimān

'and so must I be, in this rite of Shraddha.' Having completed the offering to the Pitris, one who maintains the sacred fire —

Verse 87 (padma.1.9.87)

पिंडान्वाहार्यकं कुर्याच्छ्राद्धमिंदुक्षये तथा। गोमयेनानुलिप्ते तु दक्षिणाप्लवनस्थले।

piṁḍānvāhāryakaṁ kuryācchrāddhamiṁdukṣaye tathā gomayenānulipte tu dakṣiṇāplavanasthale

should offer the Pinda-related Anvaharyaka Shraddha, at the wane of the moon, on a spot smeared with cow-dung, sloping to the south, near water,

Verse 88 (padma.1.9.88)

श्राद्धं समारभेद्भक्त्या गोष्ठे वा जलसन्निधौ। अग्निमान्निर्वपेत्पित्र्यं चरुं वा सक्तुमुष्टिभिः।

śrāddhaṁ samārabhedbhaktyā goṣṭhe vā jalasannidhau agnimānnirvapetpitryaṁ caruṁ vā saktumuṣṭibhiḥ

one should begin the Shraddha with devotion, in a cow-pen, or near water. One who maintains the fire should offer an oblation to the Pitris with roasted-grain flour,

Verse 89 (padma.1.9.89)

पितृभ्यो निर्वपामीति सर्वं दक्षिणतो न्यसेत्। अभिघार्य ततः कुर्यान्निर्वापत्रयमग्रतः।

pitṛbhyo nirvapāmīti sarvaṁ dakṣiṇato nyaset abhighārya tataḥ kuryānnirvāpatrayamagrataḥ

saying 'I offer this to the Pitris,' and place everything to the south. Having anointed it with ghee, one should then make three offerings in front,

Verse 90 (padma.1.9.90)

ते वितस्त्यायताः कार्याश्चतुरङ्गुलविस्तृताः। दर्वीत्रयं च कुर्वीत खादिरं रजतान्वितम्।

te vitastyāyatāḥ kāryāścaturaṅgulavistṛtāḥ darvītrayaṁ ca kurvīta khādiraṁ rajatānvitam

these should be made a span in length and four fingers in breadth. And one should have three ladles made of Khadira wood, adorned with silver,

Verse 91 (padma.1.9.91)

रत्निमात्रं परिश्लक्ष्णं हस्ताकाराग्रमुत्तमम्। उदपात्राणि कांस्यस्य मेक्षणं च समित्कुशम्।

ratnimātraṁ pariślakṣṇaṁ hastākārāgramuttamam udapātrāṇi kāṁsyasya mekṣaṇaṁ ca samitkuśam

a forearm's length, perfectly smooth, with an excellent hand-shaped tip. Water-vessels of bell-metal, a stirring-spoon, kindling-sticks, kusha grass,

Verse 92 (padma.1.9.92)

तिलपात्राणि सद्वासो गंधधूपानुलेपनम्। आहरेदपसव्यं च सर्वं दक्षिणतः शनैः।

tilapātrāṇi sadvāso gaṁdhadhūpānulepanam āharedapasavyaṁ ca sarvaṁ dakṣiṇataḥ śanaiḥ

vessels for sesame, fine cloth, perfume, incense, and unguent. One should bring all this, with the sacred thread over the right shoulder, slowly, to the south.

Verse 93 (padma.1.9.93)

एवमासाद्य तत्सर्वं भवनस्योत्तरेंतरे। गोमयेनानुलिप्तायां गोमूत्रेण च मंडलम्।

evamāsādya tatsarvaṁ bhavanasyottareṁtare gomayenānuliptāyāṁ gomūtreṇa ca maṁḍalam

Having thus gathered all this, in the interior northern part of the dwelling, upon a spot smeared with cow-dung and marked with a circle made with cow's urine,

Verse 94 (padma.1.9.94)

साक्षताभिः सपुष्पाभिरद्भिः सव्यापसव्यवत्। विप्राणां क्षालयेत्पादावभिवंद्य पुनःपुनः।

sākṣatābhiḥ sapuṣpābhiradbhiḥ savyāpasavyavat viprāṇāṁ kṣālayetpādāvabhivaṁdya punaḥpunaḥ

with water mixed with unbroken rice and flowers, in the appropriate manner, one should wash the feet of the brahmins, honoring them again and again.

Verse 95 (padma.1.9.95)

आसनेषूपविष्टेषु दर्भवत्सु विधानतः। उपस्पृष्टोदकान्विप्रानुपवेश्यानुमंत्रयेत्।

āsaneṣūpaviṣṭeṣu darbhavatsu vidhānataḥ upaspṛṣṭodakānviprānupaveśyānumaṁtrayet

When they are seated on seats of kusha grass, according to rule, having caused those brahmins, who have touched water, to be seated, one should give them further instructions.

Verse 96 (padma.1.9.96)

द्वौ दैवे पितृकृत्ये त्रीनेकैकं चोभयत्र वा। भोजयेदीश्वरोपीह न कुर्याद्विस्तरं बुधः।

dvau daive pitṛkṛtye trīnekaikaṁ cobhayatra vā bhojayedīśvaropīha na kuryādvistaraṁ budhaḥ

Two brahmins for the rite of the gods, three for the rite of the Pitris, or one each for both — one should feed in this proportion; even a wealthy man should not make it overly elaborate.

Verse 97 (padma.1.9.97)

दैवपूर्वं निवेद्याथ विप्रानर्घादिना बुधैः। अग्नौ कुर्यादनुज्ञातो विप्रैर्विप्रो यथाविधि।

daivapūrvaṁ nivedyātha viprānarghādinā budhaiḥ agnau kuryādanujñāto viprairvipro yathāvidhi

Having first announced the rite for the gods, the wise should honor the brahmins with arghya and the like; then, permitted by the brahmins, one should perform the fire-rite according to due form,

Verse 98 (padma.1.9.98)

स्वगृह्योक्तेन विधिना काले कृत्वा समंततः। अग्नीषोममयाभ्यां तु कुर्यादाप्यायनं बुधः।

svagṛhyoktena vidhinā kāle kṛtvā samaṁtataḥ agnīṣomamayābhyāṁ tu kuryādāpyāyanaṁ budhaḥ

performed at the proper time by the rite prescribed in one's own household text. One should perform the nourishment through Agni and Soma,

Verse 99 (padma.1.9.99)

दक्षिणाग्नौ प्रणीतेन स एवाग्निर्द्विजोत्तमः। यज्ञोपवीतान्निर्वर्त्य ततः पर्युक्षणादिकम्।

dakṣiṇāgnau praṇītena sa evāgnirdvijottamaḥ yajñopavītānnirvartya tataḥ paryukṣaṇādikam

with fire duly kindled in the southern sacrificial fire; that very fire is represented by the foremost brahmin. Having completed the sacred-thread rite, then the sprinkling and the rest,

Verse 100 (padma.1.9.100)

प्राचीनावीतिना कार्यमेतत्सर्वं विजानता। लब्ध्वा तस्माद्विशेषेण पिंडान्कुर्वीत चोदकं।

prācīnāvītinā kāryametatsarvaṁ vijānatā labdhvā tasmādviśeṣeṇa piṁḍānkurvīta codakaṁ

all this should be done, by one who understands, with the sacred thread worn over the right shoulder. Having thus specially obtained permission, one should prepare the rice-balls and water,

Verse 101 (padma.1.9.101)

दद्यादुदकपात्रैस्तु सलिलं सव्यपाणिना। दद्यात्सर्वं प्रयत्नेन दमयुक्तो विमत्सरः।

dadyādudakapātraistu salilaṁ savyapāṇinā dadyātsarvaṁ prayatnena damayukto vimatsaraḥ

and give water from water-vessels with the left hand. One should give everything with diligence, self-controlled and free from envy.

Verse 102 (padma.1.9.102)

विधाय रेखां यत्नेन निर्वपेदवनेजनं। दक्षिणाभिमुखः कुर्यात्ततो दर्भान्निधाय वै।

vidhāya rekhāṁ yatnena nirvapedavanejanaṁ dakṣiṇābhimukhaḥ kuryāttato darbhānnidhāya vai

Having carefully drawn a line, one should pour out the water for washing. Facing south, having spread out kusha grass,

Verse 103 (padma.1.9.103)

निधाय पिंडमेकैकं सर्वं दर्भोपरिक्रमात्। निर्वपेदथ दर्भेषु नामगोत्रानुकीर्तनैः।

nidhāya piṁḍamekaikaṁ sarvaṁ darbhoparikramāt nirvapedatha darbheṣu nāmagotrānukīrtanaiḥ

one should place one rice-ball each, in order upon the kusha grass, and offer them while reciting the name and lineage of each ancestor.

Verse 104 (padma.1.9.104)

तेषु दर्भेषु तं हस्तं विमृज्याल्लेपभागिनां। तथैव च जपं कुर्यात्पुनः प्रत्यवनेजनम्।

teṣu darbheṣu taṁ hastaṁ vimṛjyāllepabhāgināṁ tathaiva ca japaṁ kuryātpunaḥ pratyavanejanam

One should wipe that hand upon that kusha grass, for the sake of those who partake of the residue; and likewise recite mantras, and again perform the washing.

Verse 105 (padma.1.9.105)

जलयुक्तं नमस्कृत्य गंधधूपार्चनादिभिः। एवमावाह्य तत्सर्वं वेदमंत्रैर्यथोदितैः।

jalayuktaṁ namaskṛtya gaṁdhadhūpārcanādibhiḥ evamāvāhya tatsarvaṁ vedamaṁtrairyathoditaiḥ

With water, having offered salutation, with perfume, incense, worship and the like, having thus invoked all this by the Vedic mantras as prescribed,

Verse 106 (padma.1.9.106)

एकाग्नरेकएवाद्भिर्निर्वपेद्दर्विकां तथा। ततः कृत्वा नरो दद्यात्पितृभ्यस्तु कुशान्बुधः।

ekāgnarekaevādbhirnirvapeddarvikāṁ tathā tataḥ kṛtvā naro dadyātpitṛbhyastu kuśānbudhaḥ

one who maintains a single fire should, alone, with water, pour out likewise with the small ladle. Then the wise man should give kusha grass to the Pitris,

Verse 107 (padma.1.9.107)

ततः पिंडादिकं कुर्यादावाहनविसर्जनम्। ततो गृहीत्वा पिंडेभ्यो मात्राः सर्वाः क्रमेण तु।

tataḥ piṁḍādikaṁ kuryādāvāhanavisarjanam tato gṛhītvā piṁḍebhyo mātrāḥ sarvāḥ krameṇa tu

and then perform the Pinda-offering with invocation and dismissal. Then, taking from the rice-balls small portions, all in due order,

Verse 108 (padma.1.9.108)

तानेव विप्रान्प्रथममाशयित्वा च मानवः। वर्णयन्भोजयेदन्नमिष्टं पूर्तं च सर्वदा।

tāneva viprānprathamamāśayitvā ca mānavaḥ varṇayanbhojayedannamiṣṭaṁ pūrtaṁ ca sarvadā

having first caused those very brahmins to partake, the man, describing the merits of the food, should ever feed them with desired food, dedicated to Ishta and Purta.

Verse 109 (padma.1.9.109)

वर्जयेत्क्रोधपरतां स्मरन्नारायणं हरिम्। तृप्तान्ज्ञात्वा पुनः कुर्याद्विकिरं सार्ववर्णिकं।

varjayetkrodhaparatāṁ smarannārāyaṇaṁ harim tṛptānjñātvā punaḥ kuryādvikiraṁ sārvavarṇikaṁ

One should avoid all anger, remembering Narayana Hari. Knowing them to be satisfied, one should then perform the Vikira offering for all classes,

Verse 110 (padma.1.9.110)

विधृत्य सोदकं त्वन्नं सतिलं प्रक्षिपेद्भुवि। आचांतेषु पुनर्दद्याज्जलं पुष्पाक्षतोदकम्।

vidhṛtya sodakaṁ tvannaṁ satilaṁ prakṣipedbhuvi ācāṁteṣu punardadyājjalaṁ puṣpākṣatodakam

and, holding food with water and sesame, scatter it upon the ground. When they have sipped water, one should again give water, flowers, and unbroken rice.

Verse 111 (padma.1.9.111)

स्वधावाचनकं सर्वं पिंडोपरि समाचरेत्। देवाद्यंतं प्रकुर्वीत श्राद्धनाशोन्यथा भवेत्।

svadhāvācanakaṁ sarvaṁ piṁḍopari samācaret devādyaṁtaṁ prakurvīta śrāddhanāśonyathā bhavet

The utterance of Svadha should be performed entirely over the rice-balls. One should perform the rite beginning and ending with the deities; otherwise the Shraddha would be nullified.

Verse 112 (padma.1.9.112)

विसृज्य विप्रान्प्रणतस्तेषां कृत्वा प्रदक्षिणम्। दक्षिणांदिशमाकांक्षन्पितॄनुद्दिश्य मानवः।

visṛjya viprānpraṇatasteṣāṁ kṛtvā pradakṣiṇam dakṣiṇāṁdiśamākāṁkṣanpitṝnuddiśya mānavaḥ

Having dismissed the brahmins, bowing, and having circumambulated them, facing toward the southern direction and addressing the Pitris, one should pray:

Verse 113 (padma.1.9.113)

दातारो नोभिवर्द्धंतां वेदाः सन्ततिरेव च। श्रद्धा च नो मा व्यगमद्बहुदेयं च नोस्त्विति।

dātāro nobhivarddhaṁtāṁ vedāḥ santatireva ca śraddhā ca no mā vyagamadbahudeyaṁ ca nostviti

'May our givers increase; may the Vedas and progeny too increase for us; may our faith never depart from us; and may we ever have much to give.'

Verse 114 (padma.1.9.114)

अन्नं च नो बहुभवेदतिथींश्च लभेमहि। याचितारश्च नः संतु मा च याचिष्म कंचन।

annaṁ ca no bahubhavedatithīṁśca labhemahi yācitāraśca naḥ saṁtu mā ca yāciṣma kaṁcana

'May we have abundant food, and may we obtain guests; may there be those who beg of us, and may we never have to beg of anyone.'

Verse 115 (padma.1.9.115)

एतदग्निमतः प्रोक्तमन्वाहार्यं तु पार्वणं। यथेंदुसंक्षये तद्वदन्यत्रापि निगद्यते।

etadagnimataḥ proktamanvāhāryaṁ tu pārvaṇaṁ yatheṁdusaṁkṣaye tadvadanyatrāpi nigadyate

This has thus been declared for one who maintains the sacred fire — the Anvaharyaka Parvana rite, as at the wane of the moon; the same is stated for other occasions.

Verse 116 (padma.1.9.116)

पिंडांस्तु गोजविप्रेभ्यो दद्यादग्नौ जलेपि वा। वप्रांते वाथ विकिरेदापोभिरथ वापयेत्।

piṁḍāṁstu gojaviprebhyo dadyādagnau jalepi vā vaprāṁte vātha vikiredāpobhiratha vāpayet

One should give the rice-balls to a cow, a goat, or a brahmin, or into fire, or into water; or scatter them at the edge of a mound, or immerse them in water.

Verse 117 (padma.1.9.117)

पत्नीं तु मध्यमं पिंडं प्राशयेद्विनयान्विताम्। आधत्त पितरो गर्भं पुत्रसंतानवर्द्धनं।

patnīṁ tu madhyamaṁ piṁḍaṁ prāśayedvinayānvitām ādhatta pitaro garbhaṁ putrasaṁtānavarddhanaṁ

One should have the modest wife eat the middle rice-ball, saying: 'O Pitris, grant her conception, an increaser of sons and progeny.'

Verse 118 (padma.1.9.118)

तावन्निर्वापणं तिष्ठेद्यावद्विप्रा विसर्जिताः। वैश्वदेवं ततः कुर्यान्निवृत्तः पितृकर्मणः।

tāvannirvāpaṇaṁ tiṣṭhedyāvadviprā visarjitāḥ vaiśvadevaṁ tataḥ kuryānnivṛttaḥ pitṛkarmaṇaḥ

The offering should remain in place until the brahmins have been dismissed. Then, having concluded the rite for the Pitris, one should perform the Vaishvadeva rite.

Verse 119 (padma.1.9.119)

इष्टैः सह ततः शांतो भुंजीत पितृसेवितम्। पुनर्भोजनमध्वानं यानमायासमैथुनम्।

iṣṭaiḥ saha tataḥ śāṁto bhuṁjīta pitṛsevitam punarbhojanamadhvānaṁ yānamāyāsamaithunam

Then, at peace, one should eat, together with loved ones, that which has been offered to the Pitris. Eating a second time, journeying, riding, exertion, sexual union—

Verse 120 (padma.1.9.120)

श्राद्धकृच्छ्राद्धभुग्यो वा सर्वमेतद्विवर्जयेत्। स्वाध्यायं कलहं चैव दिवास्वप्नं च सर्वदा।

śrāddhakṛcchrāddhabhugyo vā sarvametadvivarjayet svādhyāyaṁ kalahaṁ caiva divāsvapnaṁ ca sarvadā

— all these should always be avoided by both the performer and the partakers of the Shraddha, as should Vedic recitation, quarreling, and sleeping in the daytime.

Verse 121 (padma.1.9.121)

अनेन विधिना श्राद्धं त्रिवर्गस्येह निर्वपेत्। कन्या कुंभ वृषस्थेर्के कृष्णपक्षेषु सर्वदा।

anena vidhinā śrāddhaṁ trivargasyeha nirvapet kanyā kuṁbha vṛṣastherke kṛṣṇapakṣeṣu sarvadā

By this rite one should offer the Shraddha of the three classes of Pitris. When the Sun is in Virgo, Aquarius, or Taurus, and always in the dark fortnight,

Verse 122 (padma.1.9.122)

यत्रयत्र प्रदातव्यं सपिंडीकरणात्मकम्। तत्रानेन विधानेन देयमग्निमता सदा।

yatrayatra pradātavyaṁ sapiṁḍīkaraṇātmakam tatrānena vidhānena deyamagnimatā sadā

wherever the Sapindikarana rite is to be given, there it should always be given by one who maintains the sacred fire, according to this rite.

Verse 123 (padma.1.9.123)

अतः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि ब्रह्मणा यदुदीरितम्। श्राद्धं साधारणं नाम भुक्तिमुक्तिफलप्रदम्।

ataḥ paraṁ pravakṣyāmi brahmaṇā yadudīritam śrāddhaṁ sādhāraṇaṁ nāma bhuktimuktiphalapradam

Now I shall tell what was declared by Brahma: the Shraddha called Sadharana, which grants the fruit of both enjoyment and liberation.

Verse 124 (padma.1.9.124)

अयने विषुवे चैव अमावस्यार्कसंक्रमे। अमावस्याष्टका कृष्णपक्ष पंचदशीषु च।

ayane viṣuve caiva amāvasyārkasaṁkrame amāvasyāṣṭakā kṛṣṇapakṣa paṁcadaśīṣu ca

At the solstices, and at the equinoxes, on the new moon, at the Sun's transit, on the Ashtaka of the new moon, and on the fifteenth days of the dark fortnight,

Verse 125 (padma.1.9.125)

आर्द्रा मघा रोहिणीषु द्रव्यब्राह्मणसंगमे। गजच्छायाव्यतीपाते विष्टिवैधृतिवासरे।

ārdrā maghā rohiṇīṣu dravyabrāhmaṇasaṁgame gajacchāyāvyatīpāte viṣṭivaidhṛtivāsare

under Ardra, Magha, or Rohini, when suitable materials and brahmins are available, during the Gajachhaya, at Vyatipata, on days of Vishti or Vaidhriti,

Verse 126 (padma.1.9.126)

वैशाखस्य तृतीयायां नवमीकार्तिकस्य च। पंचदशी तु माघस्य नभस्ये च त्रयोदशी।

vaiśākhasya tṛtīyāyāṁ navamīkārtikasya ca paṁcadaśī tu māghasya nabhasye ca trayodaśī

on the third day of Vaishakha, the ninth of Kartika, the fifteenth of Magha, and the thirteenth of Nabhasya,

Verse 127 (padma.1.9.127)

युगादयः स्मृता ह्येताः पितॄपक्षोपकारिकाः। तथा मन्वंतरादौ च देयं श्राद्धं विजानता।

yugādayaḥ smṛtā hyetāḥ pitṝpakṣopakārikāḥ tathā manvaṁtarādau ca deyaṁ śrāddhaṁ vijānatā

these are remembered as the beginnings of the Yugas, beneficial to the fortnight of the Pitris; and likewise at the beginning of a Manvantara, the Shraddha should be given by one who understands.

Verse 128 (padma.1.9.128)

अश्वयुङ्नवमी चैव द्वादशी कार्तिके तथा। तृतीया चैत्रमासस्य तथा भाद्रपदस्य च।

aśvayuṅnavamī caiva dvādaśī kārtike tathā tṛtīyā caitramāsasya tathā bhādrapadasya ca

The ninth of Ashvina, and the twelfth of Kartika likewise, the third of the month of Chaitra, and of Bhadrapada likewise,

Verse 129 (padma.1.9.129)

फाल्गुनस्य त्वमावास्या पौषस्यैकादशी तथा। आषाढस्यापि दशमी माघमासस्य सप्तमी।

phālgunasya tvamāvāsyā pauṣasyaikādaśī tathā āṣāḍhasyāpi daśamī māghamāsasya saptamī

the new moon of Phalguna, the eleventh of Pausha likewise, the tenth of Ashadha too, the seventh of the month of Magha,

Verse 130 (padma.1.9.130)

श्रावणे चाष्टमी कृष्णा तथाषाढी च पूर्णिमा। कार्तिकी फाल्गुनी चैवा ज्येष्ठे पंचदशी सिता।

śrāvaṇe cāṣṭamī kṛṣṇā tathāṣāḍhī ca pūrṇimā kārtikī phālgunī caivā jyeṣṭhe paṁcadaśī sitā

the eighth of the dark fortnight in Shravana, and likewise the full moon of Ashadha, of Kartika, and of Phalguna, and the fifteenth of the bright fortnight in Jyeshtha —

Verse 131 (padma.1.9.131)

मन्वंतरादयस्त्वेता दत्तस्याक्षयकारिकाः। पानीयमप्यत्र तिलैर्विमिश्रं दद्यात्पितृभ्यः प्रयतो मनुष्यः।

manvaṁtarādayastvetā dattasyākṣayakārikāḥ pānīyamapyatra tilairvimiśraṁ dadyātpitṛbhyaḥ prayato manuṣyaḥ

these are the beginnings of the Manvantaras, rendering imperishable whatever is given. Even water mixed with sesame should be given here to the Pitris by a diligent man —

Verse 132 (padma.1.9.132)

श्राद्धं कृतं तेन समास्सहस्रं रहस्यमेतत्पितरो वदंति। वैशाख्यामुपवासेषु तथोत्सवमहालये।

śrāddhaṁ kṛtaṁ tena samāssahasraṁ rahasyametatpitaro vadaṁti vaiśākhyāmupavāseṣu tathotsavamahālaye

the Shraddha thus performed suffices for a thousand years — this secret the Pitris themselves declare. On Vaishakhi, during fasts, at festivals, and during the Mahalaya,

Verse 133 (padma.1.9.133)

तीर्थायतनगोष्ठेषु द्वीपोद्यानगृहेषु च। विविक्तेषूपलिप्तेषु श्राद्धं देयं विजानता।

tīrthāyatanagoṣṭheṣu dvīpodyānagṛheṣu ca vivikteṣūpalipteṣu śrāddhaṁ deyaṁ vijānatā

at sacred fords, temples, cow-pens, islands, gardens, and houses, in secluded, well-plastered places, the Shraddha should be given by one who understands.

Verse 134 (padma.1.9.134)

विप्रान्पूर्वेपरेचाह्नि विनीतात्मानि मंत्रयेत्। शीलवृत्तगुणोपेतान्वयोरूपसमन्वितान्।

viprānpūrveparecāhni vinītātmāni maṁtrayet śīlavṛttaguṇopetānvayorūpasamanvitān

One should invite well-disciplined brahmins on the day before or on the day itself, endowed with good character, conduct and virtues, suited in age and appearance,

Verse 135 (padma.1.9.135)

द्वौ दैवे पितृकृत्ये त्रीनेकैकमुभयत्र वा। भोजयेत्सुसमृद्धोपि न प्रकुर्वीत विस्तरम्।

dvau daive pitṛkṛtye trīnekaikamubhayatra vā bhojayetsusamṛddhopi na prakurvīta vistaram

two for the rite of the gods, three for the rite of the Pitris, or one each for both; even one of great wealth should not make excessive elaboration.

Verse 136 (padma.1.9.136)

विश्वेदेवान्यवैः पुष्पैरभ्यर्च्यासनपूर्वकं। पूरयेत्पात्रयुग्मं तु स्थाप्यं दर्भपवित्रके।

viśvedevānyavaiḥ puṣpairabhyarcyāsanapūrvakaṁ pūrayetpātrayugmaṁ tu sthāpyaṁ darbhapavitrake

Having worshipped the Vishvedevas with barley and flowers, preceded by offering them a seat, one should fill a pair of vessels, to be placed on a seat of kusha grass,

Verse 137 (padma.1.9.137)

शन्नोदेवीत्यपः कुर्याद्यवोसीति यवानपि। गंधपुष्पैस्तु संपूज्य विश्वान्देवान्प्रतिन्यसेत्।

śannodevītyapaḥ kuryādyavosīti yavānapi gaṁdhapuṣpaistu saṁpūjya viśvāndevānpratinyaset

placing water with 'Shan no devi', and barley with 'yavo'si'; and, having worshipped with perfume and flowers, install the Vishvedevas.

Verse 138 (padma.1.9.138)

विश्वेदेवास इत्याभ्यामावाह्य विकिरेद्यवान्। यवोसि धान्यराजस्त्वं वारुणो मधुमिश्रितः।

viśvedevāsa ityābhyāmāvāhya vikiredyavān yavosi dhānyarājastvaṁ vāruṇo madhumiśritaḥ

Having invoked them with 'Vishvedevasa', one should scatter barley: 'You are barley, king of grains, of Varuna, mixed with honey,'

Verse 139 (padma.1.9.139)

निर्णुदः सर्वपापानां पवित्र ऋषिसंस्तुतः। गंधपुष्पैरलंकृत्य या दिव्येत्यर्घमुत्सृजेत्।

nirṇudaḥ sarvapāpānāṁ pavitra ṛṣisaṁstutaḥ gaṁdhapuṣpairalaṁkṛtya yā divyetyarghamutsṛjet

'the dispeller of all sins, pure, praised by the sages.' Having adorned it with perfume and flowers, one should offer the Arghya with 'ya divya'.

Verse 140 (padma.1.9.140)

अभ्यर्च्य गंधाद्युत्सृज्य पितृयज्ञं समारभेत्। दर्भासनादि कृत्वादौ त्रीणि पात्राणि चार्चयेत्।

abhyarcya gaṁdhādyutsṛjya pitṛyajñaṁ samārabhet darbhāsanādi kṛtvādau trīṇi pātrāṇi cārcayet

Having worshipped and offered perfume, one should begin the rite for the Pitris; having first made a seat of kusha grass, one should worship three vessels,

Verse 141 (padma.1.9.141)

सपवित्राणि कृत्वादौ शन्नोदेवीत्यपः क्षिपेत्। तिलोसीति तिलान्कुर्याद्गन्धपुष्पादिकं पुनः।

sapavitrāṇi kṛtvādau śannodevītyapaḥ kṣipet tilosīti tilānkuryādgandhapuṣpādikaṁ punaḥ

having first made them pure, pour water with 'Shan no devi'; place sesame with 'tilo'si'; and again offer perfume and flowers.

Verse 142 (padma.1.9.142)

पात्रं वनस्पतिमयं तथा पर्णमयं पुनः। राजतं वा प्रकुर्वीत तथा सागरसंभवम्।

pātraṁ vanaspatimayaṁ tathā parṇamayaṁ punaḥ rājataṁ vā prakurvīta tathā sāgarasaṁbhavam

The vessel should be made of wood, or of leaves, or of silver, or of a substance born of the sea,

Verse 143 (padma.1.9.143)

सौवर्णं राजतं ताम्रं पितॄणां पात्रमुच्यते। रजतस्य कथा वापि दर्शनं दानमेव च।

sauvarṇaṁ rājataṁ tāmraṁ pitṝṇāṁ pātramucyate rajatasya kathā vāpi darśanaṁ dānameva ca

of gold, silver, or copper — such is said to be the vessel for the Pitris. Even the mere mention of silver, the sight of it, or its donation —

Verse 144 (padma.1.9.144)

राजतैर्भाजनैरेषां पितॄणां रजतान्वितैः। वार्यपि श्रद्धया दत्तमक्षयायोपकल्पते।

rājatairbhājanaireṣāṁ pitṝṇāṁ rajatānvitaiḥ vāryapi śraddhayā dattamakṣayāyopakalpate

with silver vessels for these Pitris — even water, given with faith, becomes conducive to imperishable merit.

Verse 145 (padma.1.9.145)

अद्यापि पितृपात्रेषु पितॄणां राजतान्वितम्। शिवनेत्रोद्भवं यस्मादुत्तमं पितृवल्लभम्।

adyāpi pitṛpātreṣu pitṝṇāṁ rājatānvitam śivanetrodbhavaṁ yasmāduttamaṁ pitṛvallabham

Even to this day, in the vessels for the Pitris, that which is adorned with silver — since it arose from Shiva's eye — is supremely dear to the Pitris.

Verse 146 (padma.1.9.146)

एवं पात्राणि संकल्प्य यथालाभं विमत्सरः। या दिव्येति पितुर्नाम गोत्रे दर्भान्करे न्यसेत्।

evaṁ pātrāṇi saṁkalpya yathālābhaṁ vimatsaraḥ yā divyeti piturnāma gotre darbhānkare nyaset

Having thus consecrated the vessels, according to what is available, free from envy, reciting 'ya divya', with the father's name and lineage, one should place kusha grass in the hand,

Verse 147 (padma.1.9.147)

पितॄनावाहयिष्यामि तथेत्युक्तः स तैः पुनः। उशंतस्त्वा तथायन्तु ऋग्म्यामावाहयेत्पितॄन्।

pitṝnāvāhayiṣyāmi tathetyuktaḥ sa taiḥ punaḥ uśaṁtastvā tathāyantu ṛgmyāmāvāhayetpitṝn

saying 'I shall invoke the Pitris,' and, being answered 'so be it,' one should invoke the Pitris with the Rig verse 'Ushantastva'.

Verse 148 (padma.1.9.148)

या दिव्येत्यर्घ्यमुत्सृज्य दद्याद्गंधादिकं ततः। वस्त्रोत्तरं दर्भपूर्वं दत्वा संश्रयमादितः।

yā divyetyarghyamutsṛjya dadyādgaṁdhādikaṁ tataḥ vastrottaraṁ darbhapūrvaṁ datvā saṁśrayamāditaḥ

Having offered the Arghya with 'ya divya', one should then give perfume, and cloth, preceded by kusha grass, having first given it as shelter,

Verse 149 (padma.1.9.149)

पितृपात्रे निधायाथ न्युब्जमुत्तरतो न्यसेत्। पितृभ्यः स्थानमसीति निधाय परिवेषयेत्।

pitṛpātre nidhāyātha nyubjamuttarato nyaset pitṛbhyaḥ sthānamasīti nidhāya pariveṣayet

one should place it in the Pitri-vessel, and set it face-down toward the north. Having placed it, saying 'you are the seat for the Pitris', one should serve the food.

Verse 150 (padma.1.9.150)

तत्रापि पूर्वतः कुर्यादग्निकार्यं विमत्सरः। उभाभ्यामपि हस्ताभ्यामाहृत्य परिवेषयेत्।

tatrāpi pūrvataḥ kuryādagnikāryaṁ vimatsaraḥ ubhābhyāmapi hastābhyāmāhṛtya pariveṣayet

There too, one should first perform the fire-rite, free from envy; and, taking the food with both hands, one should serve it.

Verse 151 (padma.1.9.151)

उशन्तस्त्वेति तं दर्भं पाणिभक्तं विशेषतः। गुणान्वितैश्च शाकाद्यैर्नानाभक्ष्यैस्तथैव च।

uśantastveti taṁ darbhaṁ pāṇibhaktaṁ viśeṣataḥ guṇānvitaiśca śākādyairnānābhakṣyaistathaiva ca

That kusha grass, especially apportioned by hand with 'Ushantastva', should accompany the offering of vegetables and various foods —

Verse 152 (padma.1.9.152)

अन्नं च सदधिक्षीरं गोघृतं शर्करान्वितं। मासं प्रीणाति वै सर्वान्पितॄनित्याह पद्मजः।

annaṁ ca sadadhikṣīraṁ goghṛtaṁ śarkarānvitaṁ māsaṁ prīṇāti vai sarvānpitṝnityāha padmajaḥ

food with curd, milk, cow's ghee, mixed with sugar — this satisfies all the Pitris for a month, thus says the lotus-born Brahma.

Verse 153 (padma.1.9.153)

द्वौ मासौ मत्स्यमांसेन त्रीन्मासान्हारिणेन तु। औरभ्रेणाथ चतुरः शाकुनेनाथ पंच वै।

dvau māsau matsyamāṁsena trīnmāsānhāriṇena tu aurabhreṇātha caturaḥ śākunenātha paṁca vai

With fish-flesh, for two months; with venison, for three months; with mutton, for four; with the flesh of birds, for five;

Verse 154 (padma.1.9.154)

वाराहस्य तु मांसेन षण्मासं तृप्तिरुत्तमा। सप्तलोहस्य मांसेन तथाष्टावाजकेन तु।

vārāhasya tu māṁsena ṣaṇmāsaṁ tṛptiruttamā saptalohasya māṁsena tathāṣṭāvājakena tu

with boar's flesh, supreme satisfaction for six months; with the flesh of a certain bird, for seven; and with that of the goat, for eight;

Verse 155 (padma.1.9.155)

पृषतस्य तु मांसेन तृप्तिर्मासान्नवैव तु। दशमासांश्च तृप्यंते वराहमहिषामिषैः।

pṛṣatasya tu māṁsena tṛptirmāsānnavaiva tu daśamāsāṁśca tṛpyaṁte varāhamahiṣāmiṣaiḥ

with spotted-deer flesh, satisfaction for nine months; and they are satisfied for ten months with the flesh of the boar and the buffalo;

Verse 156 (padma.1.9.156)

शशकूर्मयोस्तु मांसेन मासानेकादशैव तु। संवत्सरं तु गव्येन पयसा पायसेन वा।

śaśakūrmayostu māṁsena māsānekādaśaiva tu saṁvatsaraṁ tu gavyena payasā pāyasena vā

with hare and tortoise flesh, for eleven months; and for a full year with cow's milk, or with rice-pudding;

Verse 157 (padma.1.9.157)

सौकरेण तु तृप्यंते मासान्पंचदशैव तु। वार्ध्रीणसस्य मांसेन तृप्तिर्द्वादशवार्षिकी।

saukareṇa tu tṛpyaṁte māsānpaṁcadaśaiva tu vārdhrīṇasasya māṁsena tṛptirdvādaśavārṣikī

they are satisfied for fifteen months with the flesh of the hog; with rhinoceros flesh, satisfaction lasts for twelve years;

Verse 158 (padma.1.9.158)

कालशाकेन चानंत्यं खड्गमांसेन चैव हि। यत्किंचिन्मधुना मिश्रं गोक्षीरं दधिपायसम्।

kālaśākena cānaṁtyaṁ khaḍgamāṁsena caiva hi yatkiṁcinmadhunā miśraṁ gokṣīraṁ dadhipāyasam

with kalashaka and with the flesh of the rhinoceros, satisfaction is endless; and whatever is mixed with honey — cow's milk, curd, or rice-pudding —

Verse 159 (padma.1.9.159)

दत्तमक्षयमित्याहुः पितरः पूर्वदेवताः। स्वाध्यायं श्रावयेत्पित्र्यं पुराणान्यखिलानि च।

dattamakṣayamityāhuḥ pitaraḥ pūrvadevatāḥ svādhyāyaṁ śrāvayetpitryaṁ purāṇānyakhilāni ca

is declared imperishable when given, so say the Pitris, the ancient deities. One should recite the Vedic study appropriate for the Pitris, and the Puranas,

Verse 160 (padma.1.9.160)

ब्रह्मविष्ण्वर्करुद्राणां स्तवानि विविधानि च। इंद्रेशसोमसूक्तानि पावमानीश्च शक्तितः।

brahmaviṣṇvarkarudrāṇāṁ stavāni vividhāni ca iṁdreśasomasūktāni pāvamānīśca śaktitaḥ

and the various hymns of praise to Brahma, Vishnu, the Sun, and Rudra; the hymns of Indra, Ishana, and Soma, and the Pavamani hymns, according to one's ability,

Verse 161 (padma.1.9.161)

बृहद्रथंतरं तत्र ज्येष्ठसामाथ रौरवं। तथैव शांतिकाध्यायं मधुब्राह्मणमेव च।

bṛhadrathaṁtaraṁ tatra jyeṣṭhasāmātha rauravaṁ tathaiva śāṁtikādhyāyaṁ madhubrāhmaṇameva ca

the Brihad, Rathantara, and Jyeshtha-saman, and the Raurava hymn, likewise the chapter on peace-rites, and the Madhu-brahmana likewise,

Verse 162 (padma.1.9.162)

मण्डलब्राह्मणं तद्वत्प्रीतिकारि च यत्पुनः। विप्राणामात्मनश्चापि तत्सर्वं समुदीरयेत्।

maṇḍalabrāhmaṇaṁ tadvatprītikāri ca yatpunaḥ viprāṇāmātmanaścāpi tatsarvaṁ samudīrayet

the Mandala-brahmana likewise, and whatever else is pleasing — all this one should recite, both for the brahmins and for oneself.

Verse 163 (padma.1.9.163)

भारताध्ययनं कार्यं पितॄणां परमप्रियं। भुक्तवत्सु च विप्रेषु भोज्यतोयादिकं नृप।

bhāratādhyayanaṁ kāryaṁ pitṝṇāṁ paramapriyaṁ bhuktavatsu ca vipreṣu bhojyatoyādikaṁ nṛpa

The recitation of the Mahabharata should be performed, most dear to the Pitris. When the brahmins have finished eating, O king, the food, water and the rest,

Verse 164 (padma.1.9.164)

सार्ववर्णिकमन्नाद्यमानयेत्सावधारणं। समुत्सृजेद्भुक्तवतामग्रतो विकिरान्भुवि।

sārvavarṇikamannādyamānayetsāvadhāraṇaṁ samutsṛjedbhuktavatāmagrato vikirānbhuvi

food suitable for all classes should be brought, carefully; and one should scatter it on the ground in front of those who have eaten, as the Vikira offering,

Verse 165 (padma.1.9.165)

अग्निदग्धाश्च ये जीवा येप्यदग्धाः कुले मम। भूमौ दत्तेन तृप्यंतु तृप्ता यांतु परां गतिं।

agnidagdhāśca ye jīvā yepyadagdhāḥ kule mama bhūmau dattena tṛpyaṁtu tṛptā yāṁtu parāṁ gatiṁ

'May those souls of my lineage who have died by fire, and those who have not, be satisfied by what is given upon the earth; being satisfied, may they attain the supreme state.'

Verse 166 (padma.1.9.166)

येषां न माता न पिता न बंधुर्न चापि मित्रं न तथान्नमस्ति। तत्तॄप्तयेन्नं भुवि दत्तमेतत्पयातु योगाय यतो यतस्ते।

yeṣāṁ na mātā na pitā na baṁdhurna cāpi mitraṁ na tathānnamasti tattṝptayennaṁ bhuvi dattametatpayātu yogāya yato yataste

'For those who have neither mother nor father nor kinsman nor friend nor food — for their satisfaction, may this food, given upon the earth, reach them, wherever they may be.'

Verse 167 (padma.1.9.167)

असंस्कृतप्रमीतानां त्यागिनां कुलभागिनां। उछिष्टभागधेयानां दर्भेषु विकिरासनं।

asaṁskṛtapramītānāṁ tyāgināṁ kulabhāgināṁ uchiṣṭabhāgadheyānāṁ darbheṣu vikirāsanaṁ

For those of the lineage who died without the proper rites, for renunciants, for those entitled to a share, and for those entitled to leftover food — a seat of kusha grass with the scattered offering is provided.

Verse 168 (padma.1.9.168)

तृप्तान्ज्ञात्वोदकं दद्यात्सकृद्विकिरणे तथा। विप्रलिप्तमहीपृष्टे गोशकृन्मूत्रवारिणा।

tṛptānjñātvodakaṁ dadyātsakṛdvikiraṇe tathā vipraliptamahīpṛṣṭe gośakṛnmūtravāriṇā

Knowing them to be satisfied, one should give water once at the scattering as well, upon a spot smeared with cow-dung, urine, and water,

Verse 169 (padma.1.9.169)

निधाय दर्भान्विधिवद्दक्षिणाग्रान्प्रयत्नतः। सर्ववर्णविधानेन पिंडांश्च पितृयज्ञवत्।

nidhāya darbhānvidhivaddakṣiṇāgrānprayatnataḥ sarvavarṇavidhānena piṁḍāṁśca pitṛyajñavat

having carefully laid out kusha grass with tips pointing south, and offered rice-balls, according to the rite for all classes, just as in the rite for the Pitris.

Verse 170 (padma.1.9.170)

अवनेजनपूर्वं तु नामगोत्रं तु मानवः। उक्त्वा पुष्पादिकं दत्वा कृत्वा प्रत्यवनेजनं।

avanejanapūrvaṁ tu nāmagotraṁ tu mānavaḥ uktvā puṣpādikaṁ datvā kṛtvā pratyavanejanaṁ

Preceded by the washing rite, having uttered the name and lineage, having given flowers, and having performed the further washing,

Verse 171 (padma.1.9.171)

ज्ञात्वापसव्यं सव्येन पाणिना त्रिः प्रदक्षिणं। पितृवन्मातृकं कार्यं विधिवद्दर्भपाणिना।

jñātvāpasavyaṁ savyena pāṇinā triḥ pradakṣiṇaṁ pitṛvanmātṛkaṁ kāryaṁ vidhivaddarbhapāṇinā

and knowing the appropriate mode, one should circumambulate three times; the rite for the maternal ancestors should be performed just as for the paternal Pitris, with kusha grass in hand,

Verse 172 (padma.1.9.172)

दीपप्रज्वालनं तद्वत्कुर्यात्पुष्पार्चनं बुधः। तथा चांतेषु चाचम्य दद्याच्चापः सकृत्सकृत्।

dīpaprajvālanaṁ tadvatkuryātpuṣpārcanaṁ budhaḥ tathā cāṁteṣu cācamya dadyāccāpaḥ sakṛtsakṛt

and the wise should likewise light a lamp and offer flowers. At the conclusion, having sipped water, one should give water again, each time,

Verse 173 (padma.1.9.173)

तथा पुष्पाक्षतान्पश्चादक्षय्योदकमेव च। सतिलं नामगोत्रेण दद्याच्छक्त्या च दक्षिणाम्।

tathā puṣpākṣatānpaścādakṣayyodakameva ca satilaṁ nāmagotreṇa dadyācchaktyā ca dakṣiṇām

and then flowers, unbroken rice, and the imperishable water-offering; and, with sesame, in the name and lineage, one should give a fee according to one's ability,

Verse 174 (padma.1.9.174)

गोभूहिरण्यवासांसि भव्यानि शयनानि च। दद्याद्यदिष्टं विप्राणामात्मनः पितुरेव च।

gobhūhiraṇyavāsāṁsi bhavyāni śayanāni ca dadyādyadiṣṭaṁ viprāṇāmātmanaḥ pitureva ca

a cow, land, gold, garments, or fine bedding — one should give whatever is desired, for the brahmins, oneself, and one's father.

Verse 175 (padma.1.9.175)

वित्तशाठ्येन रहितः पितृभ्यः प्रीतिमावहेत्। ततः स्वधावाचनकं विश्वेदेवेषु चोदकं।

vittaśāṭhyena rahitaḥ pitṛbhyaḥ prītimāvahet tataḥ svadhāvācanakaṁ viśvedeveṣu codakaṁ

Free from stinginess regarding one's wealth, one should bring satisfaction to the Pitris. Then, having uttered Svadha, and water for the Vishvedevas,

Verse 176 (padma.1.9.176)

दत्वाशीः प्रतिगृह्णीयाद्द्विजेभ्योपि यथा बुधः। अघोराः पितरः संतु संत्वित्युक्तः पुनर्द्विजैः।

datvāśīḥ pratigṛhṇīyāddvijebhyopi yathā budhaḥ aghorāḥ pitaraḥ saṁtu saṁtvityuktaḥ punardvijaiḥ

one should receive a blessing from the brahmins. 'May the Pitris be free from terror' — and being told again by the brahmins, 'let it be so,'

Verse 177 (padma.1.9.177)

गोत्रं तथा वर्द्धतां तु तथेत्युक्तश्च तैः पुनः। स्वस्तिवाचनकं कुर्यात्पिंडानुद्धृत्य भक्तितः।

gotraṁ tathā varddhatāṁ tu tathetyuktaśca taiḥ punaḥ svastivācanakaṁ kuryātpiṁḍānuddhṛtya bhaktitaḥ

'and may our lineage prosper' — and being told again by them, 'so be it,' one should perform the recitation of blessing, having devotedly removed the rice-balls.

Verse 178 (padma.1.9.178)

उच्छेषणं तु तत्तिष्ठेद्यावद्विप्रविसर्जनम्। ततो गृहबलिं कुर्यादिति धर्मो व्यवस्थितः।

uccheṣaṇaṁ tu tattiṣṭhedyāvadvipravisarjanam tato gṛhabaliṁ kuryāditi dharmo vyavasthitaḥ

The leftover food should remain in place until the brahmins are dismissed; then one should perform the domestic Bali-offering — thus is the sacred rule established.

Verse 179 (padma.1.9.179)

उच्छेषणं भूमिगतमजिह्मस्याशठस्य च। दासवर्गस्य तत्पिंडं भागधेयं प्रचक्षते।

uccheṣaṇaṁ bhūmigatamajihmasyāśaṭhasya ca dāsavargasya tatpiṁḍaṁ bhāgadheyaṁ pracakṣate

The leftover food that has fallen to the ground is declared to be the allotted share of the honest, unmalicious servant class.

Verse 180 (padma.1.9.180)

पितृभिर्निर्मितं पूर्वमेतदाप्यायनं सदा। अव्रतानामपुत्राणां स्त्रीणामपि नराधिप।

pitṛbhirnirmitaṁ pūrvametadāpyāyanaṁ sadā avratānāmaputrāṇāṁ strīṇāmapi narādhipa

This nourishing rite was established of old by the Pitris themselves, O king, ever, even for those without vows, without sons, and for women too.

Verse 181 (padma.1.9.181)

ततः स्थानाग्रतः स्थित्वा प्रतिगृह्यांबुपात्रिकां। वाजेवाजेति च जपन्कुशाग्रेण विसर्जयेत्।

tataḥ sthānāgrataḥ sthitvā pratigṛhyāṁbupātrikāṁ vājevājeti ca japankuśāgreṇa visarjayet

Then, standing in front of the place, having taken up the water-vessel, reciting 'vaje vaje', one should dismiss the rite with the tip of kusha grass.

Verse 182 (padma.1.9.182)

बहिः प्रदक्षिणं कुर्यात्पदान्यष्टावनुव्रजेत्। बंधुवर्गेण सहितः पुत्रभार्यासमन्वितः।

bahiḥ pradakṣiṇaṁ kuryātpadānyaṣṭāvanuvrajet baṁdhuvargeṇa sahitaḥ putrabhāryāsamanvitaḥ

One should circumambulate outside, and follow eight steps, together with one's kinsmen, accompanied by son and wife.

Verse 183 (padma.1.9.183)

निवृत्य प्रणिपत्याथ प्रयुज्याग्निं स मंत्रवित्। वैश्वदेवं प्रकुर्वीत नैत्यिकं बलिमेव च।

nivṛtya praṇipatyātha prayujyāgniṁ sa maṁtravit vaiśvadevaṁ prakurvīta naityikaṁ balimeva ca

Having returned and prostrated, and having tended the fire, the knower of mantras should then perform the Vaishvadeva rite and the daily Bali-offering.

Verse 184 (padma.1.9.184)

ततस्तु वैश्वदेवांते सभृत्यसुतबांधवः। भुंजीतातिथिसंयुक्तः सर्वं पितृनिषेवितं।

tatastu vaiśvadevāṁte sabhṛtyasutabāṁdhavaḥ bhuṁjītātithisaṁyuktaḥ sarvaṁ pitṛniṣevitaṁ

Then, at the end of the Vaishvadeva rite, together with servants, sons, and kinsmen, and along with guests, one should eat all that has been offered to the Pitris.

Verse 185 (padma.1.9.185)

एतच्चानुपनीतोपि कुर्यात्सर्वेषु पर्वसु। श्राद्धं साधारणं नाम सर्वकामफलप्रदम्। भार्याविरहितोप्येतत्प्रवासस्थोपि भक्तिमान्।

etaccānupanītopi kuryātsarveṣu parvasu śrāddhaṁ sādhāraṇaṁ nāma sarvakāmaphalapradam bhāryāvirahitopyetatpravāsasthopi bhaktimān

This — the Sadharana Shraddha, granting the fruit of every desire — should be performed on all sacred occasions even by one not yet invested; even one bereft of his wife, or away from home, if devoted, should perform this.

Verse 186 (padma.1.9.186)

शूद्रोप्यमंत्रकं कुर्यादनेन विधिना नृप। तृतीयमाभ्युदयिकं वृद्धिश्राद्धं विधीयते।

śūdropyamaṁtrakaṁ kuryādanena vidhinā nṛpa tṛtīyamābhyudayikaṁ vṛddhiśrāddhaṁ vidhīyate

Even a Shudra should perform it, without Vedic mantras, by this rite, O king. The third, called Abhyudayika, is the prosperity Shraddha, prescribed—

Verse 187 (padma.1.9.187)

उत्सवानंदसंस्कारे यज्ञोद्वाहादिमंगले। मातरः प्रथमं पूज्याः पितरस्तदनंतरं।

utsavānaṁdasaṁskāre yajñodvāhādimaṁgale mātaraḥ prathamaṁ pūjyāḥ pitarastadanaṁtaraṁ

at festivals, joyous occasions, sacraments, sacrifices, weddings, and other auspicious occasions. The mothers are to be worshipped first, and the fathers thereafter,

Verse 188 (padma.1.9.188)

ततो मातामहा राजन्विश्वेदवास्तथैव च। प्रदक्षिणोपचारेण दध्यक्षतफलोदकैः।

tato mātāmahā rājanviśvedavāstathaiva ca pradakṣiṇopacāreṇa dadhyakṣataphalodakaiḥ

and then the maternal grandfathers, O king, and the Vishvedevas likewise, with the rite of circumambulation, with curd, unbroken rice, fruit and water.

Verse 189 (padma.1.9.189)

प्राङ्मुखो निर्वपेत्पिंण्डान्पूर्वांश्चैव पुरातनान्। संपन्नमित्यभ्युदये दद्यादर्घं द्वयोर्द्वयोः।

prāṅmukho nirvapetpiṁṇḍānpūrvāṁścaiva purātanān saṁpannamityabhyudaye dadyādarghaṁ dvayordvayoḥ

Facing east, one should offer the rice-balls to the earlier ancestors and the earlier still; saying 'it is accomplished', at this prosperity-rite, give the Arghya to each pair.

Verse 190 (padma.1.9.190)

युग्मा द्विजातयः पूज्या वस्त्राकल्पांबरादिभिः। तिलकार्यं यवैः कार्यं तच्च सर्वानुपूर्वकं।

yugmā dvijātayaḥ pūjyā vastrākalpāṁbarādibhiḥ tilakāryaṁ yavaiḥ kāryaṁ tacca sarvānupūrvakaṁ

Twice-borns are to be worshipped in pairs, with garments and ornaments; whatever is done with sesame should here be done with barley, and all in the reverse order,

Verse 191 (padma.1.9.191)

मंगल्यानि च सर्वाणि वाचयेद्द्विजपुंगवान्। एवं शूद्रोपि सामान्यं वृद्धिश्राद्धं च सर्वदा।

maṁgalyāni ca sarvāṇi vācayeddvijapuṁgavān evaṁ śūdropi sāmānyaṁ vṛddhiśrāddhaṁ ca sarvadā

and one should have the foremost brahmins recite all auspicious verses. Thus, even a Shudra may perform this common Vriddhi-shraddha at all times,

Verse 192 (padma.1.9.192)

नमस्कारेण मंत्रेण कुर्याद्दानानि वै बुधः। दानं प्रधानं शूद्रस्य इत्याह भगवान्प्रभुः। दानेन सर्वकामाप्तिस्तस्य संजायते यतः।

namaskāreṇa maṁtreṇa kuryāddānāni vai budhaḥ dānaṁ pradhānaṁ śūdrasya ityāha bhagavānprabhuḥ dānena sarvakāmāptistasya saṁjāyate yataḥ

and the wise should make his gifts with the mantra of salutation. 'Giving is foremost for a Shudra,' thus says the illustrious Lord, since through giving the attainment of all desires arises for him.