The Categories of Sin

Verse 1 (shiva.uma.6.1)

सनत्कुमार उवाच । द्विजद्रव्यापहरणमपि दायव्यतिक्रमः । अतिमानोऽतिकोपश्च दाम्भिकत्वं कृतघ्नता

sanatkumāra uvāca dvijadravyāpaharaṇamapi dāyavyatikramaḥ atimāno'tikopaśca dāmbhikatvaṁ kṛtaghnatā

Sanatkumara said: Seizing a brahmin's property in small measure, transgressing rightful inheritance, excessive pride, excessive wrath, hypocrisy, ingratitude —

Verse 2 (shiva.uma.6.2)

अत्यन्तविषयासक्तिः कार्पण्यं साधुमत्सरम् । परदाराभिगमनं साधुकन्यासु दूषणम्

atyantaviṣayāsaktiḥ kārpaṇyaṁ sādhumatsaram paradārābhigamanaṁ sādhukanyāsu dūṣaṇam

— excessive attachment to sense-objects, miserliness, envy of the virtuous, approaching another's wife, violating the daughters of the virtuous —

Verse 3 (shiva.uma.6.3)

परिवित्तिः परिवेत्ता यया च परिविद्यते । तयोर्दानं च कन्यायास्तयोरेव च याजनम्

parivittiḥ parivettā yayā ca parividyate tayordānaṁ ca kanyāyāstayoreva ca yājanam

— being an elder brother who remains unmarried while a younger marries first, or being that younger brother who marries first; giving a daughter to such a person, and officiating as priest for their sacrifice —

Verse 4 (shiva.uma.6.4)

शिवाश्रमतरूणां च पुष्पारामविनाशनम् । यः पीडामाश्रमस्थानामाचरेदल्पिकामपि

śivāśramatarūṇāṁ ca puṣpārāmavināśanam yaḥ pīḍāmāśramasthānāmācaredalpikāmapi

— the destruction of the trees of a Shiva-hermitage or a flower-garden; whoever inflicts even a slight injury upon those dwelling in a hermitage —

Verse 5 (shiva.uma.6.5)

सभृत्यपरिवारस्य पशुधान्यधनस्य च । कुप्यधान्यपशुस्तेयमपां व्यापावनं तथा

sabhṛtyaparivārasya paśudhānyadhanasya ca kupyadhānyapaśusteyamapāṁ vyāpāvanaṁ tathā

— harming one's servants and household, livestock, grain, and wealth; the theft of minor goods, grain, or animals; and the fouling of water —

Verse 6 (shiva.uma.6.6)

यज्ञारामतडागानां दारापत्यस्य विक्रयम् । तीर्थयात्रोपवासानां व्रतोपनयकर्मिणाम्

yajñārāmataḍāgānāṁ dārāpatyasya vikrayam tīrthayātropavāsānāṁ vratopanayakarmiṇām

— harm to sacrifices, gardens, or reservoirs; selling one's wife or children; obstructing pilgrimages, fasts, and those engaged in vows or the sacred-thread rite —

Verse 7 (shiva.uma.6.7)

स्त्रीधनान्युपजीवन्ति स्त्रीभिरत्यन्तनिर्जिताः । अरक्षणं च नारीणां मायया स्त्रीनिषेवणम्

strīdhanānyupajīvanti strībhiratyantanirjitāḥ arakṣaṇaṁ ca nārīṇāṁ māyayā strīniṣevaṇam

— living off a woman's wealth, being wholly ruled by women; failing to protect women; consorting with a woman through deceit —

Verse 8 (shiva.uma.6.8)

कालागताप्रदानं च धान्यवृद्ध्युपसेवनम् । निन्दिताच्च धनादानं पण्यानां कूटजीवनम्

kālāgatāpradānaṁ ca dhānyavṛddhyupasevanam ninditācca dhanādānaṁ paṇyānāṁ kūṭajīvanam

— failing to give what is due at the proper time; practicing usury on grain; taking wealth from a disreputable source; earning a living through fraudulent trade —

Verse 9 (shiva.uma.6.9)

विषमारणमन्त्राणां सततं वृषवाहनम् । उच्चाटनाभिचारं च धान्यादानं भिषक्क्रिया

viṣamāraṇamantrāṇāṁ satataṁ vṛṣavāhanam uccāṭanābhicāraṁ ca dhānyādānaṁ bhiṣakkriyā

— constant use of poison, of weapons, or of destructive spells; harnessing a bull improperly; practicing black magic for driving away; taking payment in grain for medical treatment —

Verse 10 (shiva.uma.6.10)

जिह्वाकामोपभोगार्थं यस्यारम्भः सुकर्मसु । मूलेनाध्यापको नित्यं वेदज्ञानादिकं च यत्

jihvākāmopabhogārthaṁ yasyārambhaḥ sukarmasu mūlenādhyāpako nityaṁ vedajñānādikaṁ ca yat

— undertaking virtuous acts merely for the gratification of the palate; teaching Vedic knowledge and the rest solely for a fee —

Verse 11 (shiva.uma.6.11)

ब्राह्म्यादिव्रतसन्त्यागश्चान्याचारनिषेवणम् । असच्छास्त्राधिगमनं शुष्कतर्कावलम्बनम्

brāhmyādivratasantyāgaścānyācāraniṣevaṇam asacchāstrādhigamanaṁ śuṣkatarkāvalambanam

— abandoning the vow of Brahmacharya and other observances; adopting improper customs; studying false scriptures; relying on dry, sterile logic —

Verse 12 (shiva.uma.6.12)

देवाग्निगुरुसाधूनां निन्दा या ब्राह्मणस्य च । प्रत्यक्षं वा परोक्षं वा राज्ञां मण्डलिनामपि

devāgnigurusādhūnāṁ nindā yā brāhmaṇasya ca pratyakṣaṁ vā parokṣaṁ vā rājñāṁ maṇḍalināmapi

— reviling gods, sacred fire, teachers, holy men, or brahmins, whether openly or behind their backs; and likewise reviling kings or feudal lords —

Verse 13 (shiva.uma.6.13)

उत्सन्नपितृदेवेज्याः स्वकर्मत्यागिनश्च ये । दुःशीला नास्तिकाः पापाः सदा वासत्यवादिनः

utsannapitṛdevejyāḥ svakarmatyāginaśca ye duḥśīlā nāstikāḥ pāpāḥ sadā vāsatyavādinaḥ

— those whose ancestral and divine rites have lapsed, who have abandoned their own duties, who are of bad character, atheists, sinful, and forever speakers of falsehood —

Verse 14 (shiva.uma.6.14)

पर्वकाले दिवा वाप्सु वियोनौ पशुयोनिषु । रजस्वलाया योनौ च मैथुनं यः समाचरेत्

parvakāle divā vāpsu viyonau paśuyoniṣu rajasvalāyā yonau ca maithunaṁ yaḥ samācaret

— whoever engages in sexual union during the sacred lunar days, during the day, in water, in an unnatural orifice, with animals, or with a woman in her menstrual period —

Verse 15 (shiva.uma.6.15)

स्त्रीपुत्रमित्रसम्प्राप्ते आशाच्छेदकराश्च ये । जनस्याप्रियवक्तारः क्रूराः समयभेदिनः

strīputramitrasamprāpte āśācchedakarāśca ye janasyāpriyavaktāraḥ krūrāḥ samayabhedinaḥ

— those who dash the hopes of a wife, son, or friend who has come to them for help; who speak harshly to people; who are cruel; who break their agreements —

Verse 16 (shiva.uma.6.16)

भेत्ता तडागकूपानां विक्रतारो रसस्य च । एकपङ्क्तिस्थितानां च पाकभेदं करोति यः

bhettā taḍāgakūpānāṁ vikratāro rasasya ca ekapaṅktisthitānāṁ ca pākabhedaṁ karoti yaḥ

— he who breaches reservoirs or wells; who sells adulterated essences; who serves unequal food to those seated together in the same row —

Verse 17 (shiva.uma.6.17)

इत्येतैः स्त्रीनराः पापैरुपपातकिनः स्मृताः । युक्ता एभिस्तथान्येऽपि शृणु तांस्तु ब्रवीमि ते

ityetaiḥ strīnarāḥ pāpairupapātakinaḥ smṛtāḥ yuktā ebhistathānye'pi śṛṇu tāṁstu bravīmi te

By these sins, men and women are known as minor sinners. There are others too endowed with these — listen, I shall tell you of them.

Verse 18 (shiva.uma.6.18)

ये गोब्राह्मणकन्यानां स्वामिमित्रतपस्विनाम् । विनाशयन्ति कार्याणि ते नरा नारकाः स्मृताः

ye gobrāhmaṇakanyānāṁ svāmimitratapasvinām vināśayanti kāryāṇi te narā nārakāḥ smṛtāḥ

Those who destroy the interests of cows, brahmins, maidens, their masters, friends, or ascetics — they are called denizens of hell.

Verse 19 (shiva.uma.6.19)

परस्त्रियाभितप्यन्ते ये परद्रव्यसूचकाः । परद्रव्यहरा नित्यं तौलमिथ्यानुसारकाः

parastriyābhitapyante ye paradravyasūcakāḥ paradravyaharā nityaṁ taulamithyānusārakāḥ

Those who burn with desire for another's wife; who inform on others' property out of malice; who constantly steal others' wealth; who habitually falsify weights and measures —

Verse 20 (shiva.uma.6.20)

द्विजदुःखकरा ये च प्रहारं चोद्धरन्ति ये । सेवन्ते तु द्विजाः शूद्रां सुरां बध्नन्ति कामतः

dvijaduḥkhakarā ye ca prahāraṁ coddharanti ye sevante tu dvijāḥ śūdrāṁ surāṁ badhnanti kāmataḥ

— those who cause distress to brahmins; who strike others with blows; brahmins who consort with a shudra woman; those who brew liquor at will —

Verse 21 (shiva.uma.6.21)

ये पापनिरताः क्रूराः येऽपि हिंसाप्रिया नराः । वृत्त्यर्थं येऽपि कुर्वन्ति दानयज्ञादिकाः क्रियाः

ye pāpaniratāḥ krūrāḥ ye'pi hiṁsāpriyā narāḥ vṛttyarthaṁ ye'pi kurvanti dānayajñādikāḥ kriyāḥ

— cruel men devoted to sin, those who delight in violence; and those who perform charitable and sacrificial rites merely for the sake of livelihood —

Verse 22 (shiva.uma.6.22)

गोष्ठाग्निजलरथ्यासु तरुच्छायानगेषु च । त्यजन्ति ये पुरीषाद्यानारामायतनेषु च

goṣṭhāgnijalarathyāsu tarucchāyānageṣu ca tyajanti ye purīṣādyānārāmāyataneṣu ca

— those who relieve themselves in cow-pens, near sacred fire, in water, on roads, in the shade of trees, in mountains, in gardens, or in temple precincts —

Verse 23 (shiva.uma.6.23)

लज्जाश्रमप्रासादेषु मद्यपानरताश्च ये । कृतकेलिभुजङ्गाश्च रन्ध्रान्वेषणतत्पराः

lajjāśramaprāsādeṣu madyapānaratāśca ye kṛtakelibhujaṅgāśca randhrānveṣaṇatatparāḥ

— in places requiring modesty, in hermitages, or in palaces; those addicted to liquor; those who keep tame serpents for sport; those intent on seeking out others' faults —

Verse 24 (shiva.uma.6.24)

वंशेष्टकाशिलाकाष्ठैः शृङ्गैः शङ्कुभिरेव च । ये मार्गमनुरुन्धन्ति परसीमां हरन्ति ये

vaṁśeṣṭakāśilākāṣṭhaiḥ śṛṅgaiḥ śaṅkubhireva ca ye mārgamanurundhanti parasīmāṁ haranti ye

— those who obstruct a road with bamboo, bricks, stones, wood, horns, or stakes; those who seize another's boundary —

Verse 25 (shiva.uma.6.25)

कूटशासनकर्तारः कूटकर्मक्रियारताः । कूटपाकान्नवस्त्राणां कूटसंव्यवहारिणः

kūṭaśāsanakartāraḥ kūṭakarmakriyāratāḥ kūṭapākānnavastrāṇāṁ kūṭasaṁvyavahāriṇaḥ

— forgers of documents, those engaged in fraudulent dealings; those who adulterate cooked food, grain, or cloth; those who deal fraudulently —

Verse 26 (shiva.uma.6.26)

धनुषः शस्त्रशल्यानां कर्ता यः क्रयविक्रयी । निर्दयोऽतीव भृत्येषु पशूनां दमनश्च यः

dhanuṣaḥ śastraśalyānāṁ kartā yaḥ krayavikrayī nirdayo'tīva bhṛtyeṣu paśūnāṁ damanaśca yaḥ

— the maker or trader of bows, weapons, and darts; whoever is exceedingly merciless toward servants; whoever cruelly subdues animals —

Verse 27 (shiva.uma.6.27)

मिथ्या प्रवदतो वाच आकर्णयति यः शनैः । स्वामिमित्रगुरुद्रोही मायावी चपलः शठः

mithyā pravadato vāca ākarṇayati yaḥ śanaiḥ svāmimitragurudrohī māyāvī capalaḥ śaṭhaḥ

— whoever secretly listens in on others' false, plotting speech; one who betrays his master, friend, or teacher; the deceitful, fickle, and cunning man —

Verse 28 (shiva.uma.6.28)

ये भार्यापुत्रमित्राणि बालवृद्धकृशातुरान् । भृत्यानतिथिबन्धूंश्च त्यक्त्वाश्नन्ति बुभुक्षितान्

ye bhāryāputramitrāṇi bālavṛddhakṛśāturān bhṛtyānatithibandhūṁśca tyaktvāśnanti bubhukṣitān

— those who eat by themselves while abandoning their hungry wife, sons, friends, children, the aged, the frail, the sick, servants, guests, and kinsfolk —

Verse 29 (shiva.uma.6.29)

यः स्वयं मिष्टमश्नाति विप्रेभ्यो न प्रयच्छति । वृथापाकः स विज्ञेयो ब्रह्मवादिषु गर्हितः

yaḥ svayaṁ miṣṭamaśnāti viprebhyo na prayacchati vṛthāpākaḥ sa vijñeyo brahmavādiṣu garhitaḥ

He who himself eats sweet food but gives none to brahmins — his cooking is to be known as futile, and he is condemned among those who expound the Veda.

Verse 30 (shiva.uma.6.30)

नियमान् स्वयमादाय ये त्यजन्त्यजितेन्द्रियाः । प्रव्रज्यावासिता ये च हरस्यास्यप्रभेदकाः

niyamān svayamādāya ye tyajantyajitendriyāḥ pravrajyāvāsitā ye ca harasyāsyaprabhedakāḥ

— those who, unable to control their senses, abandon religious observances they themselves have taken up; those who wrongly adopt the ascetic life; and those who create schisms in the teaching of Hara —

Verse 31 (shiva.uma.6.31)

ये ताडयन्ति गां क्रूरा दमयन्ते मुहुर्मुहुः । दुर्बलान्ये न पुष्णन्ति सततं ये त्यजन्ति च

ye tāḍayanti gāṁ krūrā damayante muhurmuhuḥ durbalānye na puṣṇanti satataṁ ye tyajanti ca

— those cruel ones who beat a cow, who repeatedly subdue it; those who do not nourish the weak, and who constantly abandon them —

Verse 32 (shiva.uma.6.32)

पीडयन्त्यतिभारेणासहन्तं वाहयन्ति च । योजयन्त्यकृताहारान्न विमुञ्चन्ति संयतान्

pīḍayantyatibhāreṇāsahantaṁ vāhayanti ca yojayantyakṛtāhārānna vimuñcanti saṁyatān

— who torment an animal with an excessive load and make it carry what it cannot bear; who yoke animals without feeding them; who do not release tethered animals —

Verse 33 (shiva.uma.6.33)

ये भारक्षतरोगार्तान् गोवृषांश्च क्षुधातुरान् । न पालयन्ति यत्नेन गोघ्नास्ते नारकाः स्मृताः

ye bhārakṣatarogārtān govṛṣāṁśca kṣudhāturān na pālayanti yatnena goghnāste nārakāḥ smṛtāḥ

Those who do not carefully tend to cows and bulls afflicted by heavy loads, wounds, disease, or hunger — they are remembered as cow-killers, bound for hell.

Verse 34 (shiva.uma.6.34)

वृषाणां वृषणान्ये च पापिष्ठा गालयन्ति च । वाहयन्ति च गां वन्ध्यां महानारकिनो नराः

vṛṣāṇāṁ vṛṣaṇānye ca pāpiṣṭhā gālayanti ca vāhayanti ca gāṁ vandhyāṁ mahānārakino narāḥ

Those most sinful men who castrate bulls, and who work a barren cow in a yoke, are great denizens of hell.

Verse 35 (shiva.uma.6.35)

आशया समनुप्राप्तान् क्षुत्तृष्णाश्रमकर्शितान् । अतिथींश्च तथानाथान् स्वतन्त्रान् गृहमागतान्

āśayā samanuprāptān kṣuttṛṣṇāśramakarśitān atithīṁśca tathānāthān svatantrān gṛhamāgatān

Those who show no compassion toward guests who have come to their house in hope, wasted by hunger, thirst, and weariness — and toward the helpless and independent wanderers who arrive at their home —

Verse 36 (shiva.uma.6.36)

अन्नाभिलाषान् दीनान्वा बालवृद्धकृशातुरान् । नानुकम्पन्ति ये मूढास्ते यान्ति नरकार्णवम्

annābhilāṣān dīnānvā bālavṛddhakṛśāturān nānukampanti ye mūḍhāste yānti narakārṇavam

— those craving food, the destitute, children, the aged, the frail, and the sick — those fools who show no compassion toward such people go to the ocean of hell.

Verse 37 (shiva.uma.6.37)

गृहेष्वर्था निवर्तन्ते श्मशानादपि बान्धवाः । सुकृतं दुष्कृतं चैव गच्छन्तमनुगच्छति

gṛheṣvarthā nivartante śmaśānādapi bāndhavāḥ sukṛtaṁ duṣkṛtaṁ caiva gacchantamanugacchati

Wealth remains behind in the house, and kinsfolk turn back even from the cremation ground; but good and bad deeds alone follow the departing soul.

Verse 38 (shiva.uma.6.38)

अजाविको माहिषिकः सामुद्रो वृषलीपतिः । शूद्रवत्क्षत्रवृत्तिश्च नारकी स्याद् द्विजाधमः

ajāviko māhiṣikaḥ sāmudro vṛṣalīpatiḥ śūdravatkṣatravṛttiśca nārakī syād dvijādhamaḥ

A brahmin who tends goats and sheep, who herds buffaloes, who lives by the sea, who is the husband of a shudra woman, or who lives by a kshatriya's occupation like a shudra — such a lowest of brahmins becomes a denizen of hell.

Verse 39 (shiva.uma.6.39)

शिल्पिनः कारवो वैद्या हेमकारा नृपध्वजाः । भृतकाः कूटसंयुक्ताः सर्वे ते नारकाः स्मृताः

śilpinaḥ kāravo vaidyā hemakārā nṛpadhvajāḥ bhṛtakāḥ kūṭasaṁyuktāḥ sarve te nārakāḥ smṛtāḥ

Craftsmen, artisans, physicians, goldsmiths, agents of kings, and hired servants — if engaged in fraud, all of them are remembered as bound for hell.

Verse 40 (shiva.uma.6.40)

यश्चोचितमतिक्रम्य स्वेच्छयैवाहरेत्करम् । नरके पच्यते सोऽपि योऽपि दण्डरुचिर्नरः

yaścocitamatikramya svecchayaivāharetkaram narake pacyate so'pi yo'pi daṇḍarucirnaraḥ

He who, exceeding what is due, levies taxes according to his own will — he too is cooked in hell; and likewise the man who delights in unjust punishment.

Verse 41 (shiva.uma.6.41)

उत्कोचकै रुचिक्रीतैस्तस्करैश्च प्रपीड्यते । यस्य राज्ञः प्रजा राष्ट्रे पच्यते नरकेषु सः

utkocakai rucikrītaistaskaraiśca prapīḍyate yasya rājñaḥ prajā rāṣṭre pacyate narakeṣu saḥ

That king in whose kingdom the subjects are oppressed by bribe-takers, corruptible officials, and thieves — he is cooked in hell.

Verse 42 (shiva.uma.6.42)

ये द्विजाः परिगृह्णन्ति नृपस्यान्यायवर्तिनः । ते प्रयान्ति तु घोरेषु नरकेषु न संशयः

ye dvijāḥ parigṛhṇanti nṛpasyānyāyavartinaḥ te prayānti tu ghoreṣu narakeṣu na saṁśayaḥ

Those brahmins who accept gifts from a king who conducts himself unjustly — they too go to terrible hells, without doubt.

Verse 43 (shiva.uma.6.43)

अन्यायात्समुपादाय द्विजेभ्यो यः प्रयच्छति । प्रजाभ्यः पच्यते सोऽपि नरकेषु नृपो यथा

anyāyātsamupādāya dvijebhyo yaḥ prayacchati prajābhyaḥ pacyate so'pi narakeṣu nṛpo yathā

He who, having wrongfully seized wealth from his subjects, gives it to brahmins — he too is cooked in hell for that, just like an unjust king.

Verse 44 (shiva.uma.6.44)

पारदारिकचौराणां चण्डानां विद्यते त्वघम् । परदाररतस्यापि राज्ञो भवति नित्यशः

pāradārikacaurāṇāṁ caṇḍānāṁ vidyate tvagham paradāraratasyāpi rājño bhavati nityaśaḥ

The sin that belongs to adulterers, thieves, and violent men — that same sin forever belongs also to a king who indulges in relations with another's wife.

Verse 45 (shiva.uma.6.45)

अचौरं चौरवत्पश्येच्चौरं वाचौररूपिणम् । अविचार्य नृपस्तस्माद् घातयन्नरकं व्रजेत्

acauraṁ cauravatpaśyeccauraṁ vācaurarūpiṇam avicārya nṛpastasmād ghātayannarakaṁ vrajet

A king who, without proper investigation, regards an innocent man as a thief or a thief as innocent, and puts the wrong person to death — for that he goes to hell.

Verse 46 (shiva.uma.6.46)

घृततैलान्नपानानि मधुमांससुरासवम् । गुडेक्षुशाकदुग्धानि दधिमूलफलानि च

ghṛtatailānnapānāni madhumāṁsasurāsavam guḍekṣuśākadugdhāni dadhimūlaphalāni ca

Ghee, oil, food, and drink; honey, meat, liquor, and spirits; jaggery, sugarcane, vegetables, and milk; curd, roots, and fruits —

Verse 47 (shiva.uma.6.47)

तृणं काष्ठं पत्रपुष्पमौषधं चात्मभोजनम् । उपानत्छत्रशकटमासनं च कमण्डलुम्

tṛṇaṁ kāṣṭhaṁ patrapuṣpamauṣadhaṁ cātmabhojanam upānatchatraśakaṭamāsanaṁ ca kamaṇḍalum

grass, wood, leaves and flowers, medicine, and one's own food; sandals, an umbrella, a cart, a seat, and a water-pot —

Verse 48 (shiva.uma.6.48)

ताम्रसीसत्रपुः शस्त्रं शङ्खाद्यं च जलोद्भवम् । वाद्यं च वैणवं चान्यद्गृहोपस्करणानि च

tāmrasīsatrapuḥ śastraṁ śaṅkhādyaṁ ca jalodbhavam vādyaṁ ca vaiṇavaṁ cānyadgṛhopaskaraṇāni ca

copper, lead, tin, weapons, conch-shells and other things born of the water; musical instruments, those made of bamboo, and other household utensils —

Verse 49 (shiva.uma.6.49)

और्ण्णकार्पासकौशेयपट्टसूत्रोद्भवानि च । स्थूलसूक्ष्माणि वस्त्राणि ये लोभाद्धि हरन्ति च

aurṇṇakārpāsakauśeyapaṭṭasūtrodbhavāni ca sthūlasūkṣmāṇi vastrāṇi ye lobhāddhi haranti ca

— and garments, whether coarse or fine, made from wool, cotton, silk, or fine thread: whoever, out of greed, steals any of these —

Verse 50 (shiva.uma.6.50)

एवमादीनि चान्यानि द्रव्याणि विविधानि च । नरकेषु ध्रुवं यान्ति चापहृत्याल्पकानि च

evamādīni cānyāni dravyāṇi vividhāni ca narakeṣu dhruvaṁ yānti cāpahṛtyālpakāni ca

— these and other various goods of this kind — those who steal even small amounts of them surely go to the hells.

Verse 51 (shiva.uma.6.51)

तद्वा यद्वा परद्रव्यमपि सर्षपमात्रकम् । अपहृत्य नरा यान्ति नरकं नात्र संशयः

tadvā yadvā paradravyamapi sarṣapamātrakam apahṛtya narā yānti narakaṁ nātra saṁśayaḥ

Whatever it may be — even another's property amounting to no more than a mustard seed — men who steal it go to hell; of this there is no doubt.

Verse 52 (shiva.uma.6.52)

एवमाद्यैर्नरः पापैरुत्क्रान्तिसमनन्तरम् । शरीरयातनार्थाय सर्वाकारमवाप्नुयात्

evamādyairnaraḥ pāpairutkrāntisamanantaram śarīrayātanārthāya sarvākāramavāpnuyāt

By such sins as these and others, a man, immediately after death, obtains a body of every terrible form for the purpose of bodily torment.

Verse 53 (shiva.uma.6.53)

यमलोकं व्रजन्त्येते शरीरेण यमाज्ञया । यमदूतैर्महाघोरैर्नीयमानाः सुदुःखिताः

yamalokaṁ vrajantyete śarīreṇa yamājñayā yamadūtairmahāghorairnīyamānāḥ suduḥkhitāḥ

With that tormented body, by the command of Yama, these greatly suffering souls go to the world of Yama, being led there by the most terrible messengers of Yama.

Verse 54 (shiva.uma.6.54)

देवतिर्यङ्मनुष्याणामधर्मनिरतात्मनाम् । धर्मराजः स्मृतः शास्ता सुघोरैर्विविधैर्वधैः

devatiryaṅmanuṣyāṇāmadharmaniratātmanām dharmarājaḥ smṛtaḥ śāstā sughorairvividhairvadhaiḥ

For gods, animals, and men whose souls are devoted to unrighteousness, Dharmaraja is remembered as the chastiser, through most terrible and various forms of punishment.

Verse 55 (shiva.uma.6.55)

नियमाचारयुक्तानां प्रमादात्स्खलितात्मनाम् । प्रायश्चित्तैर्गुरुः शास्ता न बुधैरिष्यते यमः

niyamācārayuktānāṁ pramādātskhalitātmanām prāyaścittairguruḥ śāstā na budhairiṣyate yamaḥ

For those established in disciplined conduct who have merely slipped through carelessness, the wise do not wish for Yama as their judge — rather, their teacher, through penances, is their true corrector.

Verse 56 (shiva.uma.6.56)

पारदारिकचौराणामन्यायव्यवहारिणाम् । नृपतिः शासकः प्रोक्तः प्रच्छन्नानां स धर्म्मराट्

pāradārikacaurāṇāmanyāyavyavahāriṇām nṛpatiḥ śāsakaḥ proktaḥ pracchannānāṁ sa dharmmarāṭ

For adulterers, thieves, and those who deal unjustly, the king is declared to be their chastiser; but for hidden, undetected sinners, he — Yama — is the King of Dharma.

Verse 57 (shiva.uma.6.57)

तस्मात् कृतस्य पापस्य प्रायश्चित्तं समाचरेत् । नाभुक्तस्यान्यथा नाशः कल्पकोटिशतैरपि

tasmāt kṛtasya pāpasya prāyaścittaṁ samācaret nābhuktasyānyathā nāśaḥ kalpakoṭiśatairapi

Therefore, for a sin committed, one should perform the proper atonement; for otherwise, without first being experienced, that sin is not destroyed even in hundreds of millions of aeons.

Verse 58 (shiva.uma.6.58)

यः करोति स्वयं कर्म कारयेच्चानुमोदयेत् । कायेन मनसा वाचा तस्य पापगतिः फलम्

yaḥ karoti svayaṁ karma kārayeccānumodayet kāyena manasā vācā tasya pāpagatiḥ phalam

Whoever himself performs an act, causes it to be performed by another, or approves of it — whether by body, mind, or speech — for him, the fruit is a sinful destiny.